Дисертації з теми "Immunologie humaine"
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Bosque, Florence. "Résistance et sensibilité à Leishmania panamensis dans une population humaine : est-il possible de définir des paramètres immunologiques prédictifs ?" Paris 12, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA120050.
Повний текст джерелаBourdiec, Amelie. "Impact des facteurs embryonnaires sur la réceptivité maternelle - rôles de la gonadotrophine chorionique humaine et de l'interleukine 1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30378/30378.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe endometrium receptivity for embryo is a crucial feature in reproduction. Overall, it seems that synchronization between the maternal endometrium and the developing embryo is necessary. At the maternal side, the appointment with the embryo is carefully prepared by ovarian steroids’ action. An another hand, the embryo communicates with the endometrium through a large molecular network. In some cases of infertility, maternal receptivity is altered, resulting in implantation failure. Moreover, the maternal side of implantation is in question. Therefore, taking into account our previous studies revealing a close cooperation between major and early embryonic signals, hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) and interleukin1 (IL1), at the feto-maternal interface, we have studied the role of these embryonic factors in the acquisition of endometrial receptivity. This research on the physiology of embryo implantation is strictly fundamental and the basis for a better understanding of female fertility and infertility. Using in vitro and in vivo approaches, our results suggest that the IL1 family is targeted in an original way by hCG. This seems to favor the effect of IL1 through a functional imbalance affecting different IL1 receptors. In addition, the effect of hCG on various targets of IL1 appears to be selective and seems to moderate some aspects that could be detrimental for embryo implantation, while it favors certain targets by synergic cooperation. Our work demonstrates the existence of a dynamic expression of different IL1 receptors in link with the presence of hCG, the leading embryonic factor.
Cremel, Magali. "Modélisation d'une muqueuse vaginale humaine simplifiée : application à l'étude de l'immuno-modélisation locale et de l'effet d'adjuvants mucosaux." Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006STET001T.
Повний текст джерелаKamal, Nadia. "Immunoanalyse de la proinsuline humaine à l'aide d'anticorps monoclonaux : mise au point d'immunodosages des proinsulines humaines." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON13522.
Повний текст джерелаBrugière, Olivier. "Rôle de la molécule HLA-G en transplantation pulmonaire humaine." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC102.
Повний текст джерелаWe studied the role of the tolerogenic molecule HLA-G in human lung transplantation (LTx). The major complication after LTx is chronic rejection, breaking with a tolerance state of the recipient. Among different pathways involved in operational tolerance, one mechanism could involve the expression of the HLA-G molecule, as reported in other solid-organ transplantation. We first showed in a retrospective study a possible induction of HLA-G expression in the lung graft of some stable LTx recipients (notably in bronchial epithelial cells [BEC]), associated with functional stability of LTx recipients. We showed in parallel, via the use of primary culture of human BEC, a possible induction of bronchial expression of HLA-G under influence of factors from bronchial microenvironnement. A second prospective study showed a role of HLA-G as predictive marker of low risk of chronic rejection in lung transplant recipients, suggesting a role for the use of HLA-G as a biomarker of graft stability. Lastly, we performed an ex-vivo model to investigate the immunosuppressive role of BEC on T cell response, studying cells from same LTx recipient. We showed altered inhibitory properties of BEC in stable LTx. The inhibition of CEB seemed to involve HLA-G molecule. The association of the loss of inhibitory properties of BEC with an increased T cell alloresponse in stable LTx recipients suggest a possible role in the mechanisms of chronic rejection in LTx
Yahi, Nouara. "Etude des mécanismes associés à l'infection des cellules de l'épithélium intestinal par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) : caractérisation d'un nouveau récepteur pour le VIH : le galactosyl céramide (GalCer)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX30039.
Повний текст джерелаBal, Marc. "Intérêt pronostique du multitest IMC dans le suivi immunologique précoce des patients infectés par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine." Montpellier 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990MON11112.
Повний текст джерелаBiard-Piechaczyk, Martine. "L'hybridation lymphocytaire appliquée à l'immunoanalyse de la thyroglobuline humaine : sélection d'anticorps monoclonaux et nouvelle méthode d'immunodosage de la thyroglobuline sérique." Montpellier 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988MON13508.
Повний текст джерелаBouchaud, Grégory. "Caractérisation structurale et fonctionnelle du complexe formé entre la chaîne Alpha soluble du Récepteur de l'Interleukine 15 Humaine et l'Interleukine-15 : implication en immuno-cancérologie." Nantes, 2009. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=73b03bed-e0da-4f75-a33c-58e52cdf2a1b.
Повний текст джерелаThe Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a cytokine which outlines similar activities as those of IL-2 in vitro because of the common use of IL-2Rβ and γc chains. The specificity of action is conferred by a private α chain (IL-15Rα). The α chain exists in soluble form after proteolytic cleavage of the membrane anchored IL-15Rα. In this study, we characterized the molecular mechanisms regulating the agonistic and antagonistic activities of the soluble forms of IL-15Rα (sIL-15Rα). We highlighted that the exon 3 encoded domain of the sIL-15Rα, located at the C-terminal end of the IL-15 binding domain (sushi) which participates to the high affinity of the IL-15/sIL-15Rα complex and is necessary for the antagonistic function of the soluble receptor. We also showed the vital role of this complex in cancer and inflammatory diseases through the capacity to escape to immunity of tumor with sIL-15Rα in head and neck cancers and it involvement in the therapeutic response to infliximab in Crohn disease. This work shows that the sIL-15Rα is an important component in the regulation of IL-15 and could lead to different therapeutic applications
Battivelli, Emilie. "Contribution de TRIM5α humain dans le contrôle de l'infection par le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1". Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077147.
Повний текст джерелаThe interaction of HIV-1 capsid (ÇA) with cellular proteins influence viral infectivity. The ÇA binds cyclophilin A (CypA) and interacts with the restriction factor TRIMSalpha. Our studies have evaluated several aspects of ÇA interaction with these cellular proteins. Numerous TRIM5 isoforms exist due to alternative splicing. We have demonstrated that TRIMSalpha represents only 50% of total TRIM5 transcripts and have identified two previously uncharacterized isoforms with dominant-negative activity against TRIMSalpha. We have shown that their physiological levels of expression can reduce the TRIMSalpha activity in human cells. HuTRIMSalpha exerts a modest inhibition on the replication of laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strains. We have shown that HIV-1 viruses carrying ÇA sequences from clinical isolates can be more sensitive to huTRIMSalpha and that this sensitivity can be modulated by CypA and the TRIMSalpha alleles expressed by the target cells. We showed that the increased sensitivity to huTRIMSalpha of some clinical strains is due to the presence of CTL escape mutations in capsid epitopes. A study with HLA-B57+ patients who spontaneously control or not the viral replication and HLA-B57 negative patients found that viruses from HLA-B57+ patients are more sensitive to huTRIMSalpha, that the sensitivity to this factor correlates with the plasma viral load of patients and that one CTL escape mutation in ÇA epitope is an important determinant of this sensitivity. Taken together, our results suggest that the immune pressure exerted by huTRIMSalpha and viral sensitivity to this restriction factor are determinants that influence the ability of the host to control viral replication
Ginhoux, Florent. "Analyse des réponses immunitaires cytotoxiques consécutives au transfert de gène : application au cas de la dystrophine humaine." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066134.
Повний текст джерелаMalaison, Diane. "Interactions complexes entre le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 et le Trypanosoma cruzi dans un modèle de cellules microgliales humaines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26552/26552.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPizzato, Nathalie. "Modulation de l'expression membranaire de HLA-G1 par le cytomégalovirus humain et le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine : importance du domaine cytoplasmique court de HLA-G1." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30068.
Повний текст джерелаHuman cytomegalovirus and HIV-1 down-modulate classical MHC class I molecules cell surface expression to escape to the immune system. In this way, we analysed HLA-G1 cell surface expression after HCMV or HIV-1 infection. HLA-G1 is a non classical MHC class I molecule that play an important role during pregnancy. First, we demonstrate that cytomegalovirus down-modulates HLA-G1 cell surface expression. This decrease depends on the viral protein US2 that induces HLA-G1 degradation. At the opposite, US11 lies HLA-G1 but because of it short cytoplasmic tail HLA-G1 is not degraded by US11. Concerning HIV-1, this virus also down-regulates HLA-G1. This inhibition is Vpu-dependent but Nef-independent
Boucault, Laetitia. "Induction de tolérance par ciblage de la molécule CD45RC : mécanismes et potentiel en transplantation humaine." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT1023.
Повний текст джерелаGeneral immunosuppressants serve lo treat solid organ or CSH transplanted patients. But they have many side effects and their efficacy is limited at long term. So its necessary lo develop new therapeutic strategies, more specific, to limit these side effects and lo improve patient quality life. The leval of expression of CD45RC distinguishes Iwo different cells types. Cells expressing CD45RChigh are associated with allograft rejection and GVHD, while cells that dont express CD45RC haveregulatory properties and inhibit these diseases. We studied the therapeutic potential of anti-CD45RC mAb as a short treatment in allograft and GVHD models. ln the heart allograft rat model, the antibody prevents rejection in 60 to 80% of the case. ln the GVHD model (rat of NSG mice), association of anti-CD45RC mAb and rapamycin prevents 50% of GVHD in the rat and all in NSG mice. We showed that the antibody induces a transitory depletion of CD45RChigh T cells throughapopolosis, while the number of CD45RClow T cells is increased and their regulatory properties are improved in vitro and in vivo. Indeed, adoptive transfer of tolerant rat lo new irradiated heart grafted rat prevents allograft rejection. We also describe that naive and memory immune responses are not impaired by the treatment Short course treatment with anti--CD45RC mAb hes a great potential lo prevent allograft rejection and GVHD
Giguère, Katia. "Étude de l'acquisition du PD-L1 par le VIH-1 et de son effet sur les lymphocytes T." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27496/27496.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаWillermain, Francois. "Etude In Vitro de l'immunobiologie de l'épithelium pigmentaire rétinien: Implication dans la régulation du privilège immun oculaire et de l'inflammation intra-oculaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210981.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en sciences médicales
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Dupuis, Fabienne. "Contribution à l'étude du role du platelet-activating factor dans l'hematopoi͏̈ese humaine." Limoges, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIMO104D.
Повний текст джерелаImbeault, Michaël. "Étude transcriptomique de l'effet du VIH-1 sur le système immunitaire : purification de cellules infectées et effets des molécules de l'hôte." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22174.
Повний текст джерелаFromentin, Rémi. "Interactions entre le virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 (VIH-1) et les hépatocytes : impact possible sur la pathogénèse virale?" Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27482/27482.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLe, saos-Patrinos Corentin. "Rôle des lymphocytes T CD4+ folliculaires dans la physiopathologie de la leucémie lymphoïde chronique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0093.
Повний текст джерелаChronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), one of the most common adult leukemia, is associated with variable outcomes, ranging from patients who have a stable disease with a nearly normal life expectancy to patients with a progressive disease and severe complications that ultimately lead to a poor survival. CLL is defined by the accumulation and proliferation of mature CD5+ B-lymphocytes in the bone marrow, peripheral lymphoid organs and blood. Although genetic alterations play a key role in CLL pathogenesis and support malignant transformation of B cells, multiple studies have demonstrated that interactions of CLL B cells (B-CLL) with accessory cells are essential for B-CLL proliferation and promote their resistance to apoptosis. Particularly, B-CLL follow chemokine gradients into lymph nodes (LN) where they organize into proliferation centers in which they encounter activated T cells, which further support their growth by increasing their resistance to apoptosis. Moreover, adoptive transfer of autologous CD4+ T cells into mice was demonstrated to promote B-CLL survival and proliferation in vivo highlighting the key role of T cells in B-CLL pathogenesis. Different CD4+ T cell subsets coexist, with each having their own phenotype and functions. Despite numerous studies addressing the role of T helper (Th) cells in CLL, the implication of each individual CD4+ T cell subset in CLL pathogenesis is still under debate. As an example, large amount of IFNγ were detected in the plasma of CLL-bearing animals, suggesting a role of Th1. Conversely, CLL progression in a genetic mouse model of the disease was reported to be independent of Th1 cells. In addition to multiple studies using either patient samples or mouse models of CLL have implicated Th2/Th9 CD4+ T cell subsets in disease progression as well. The conflicting results regarding CD4+ T helper subsets involved in CLL pathogenesis might be due to studies performed in different mouse models of the disease and using patient samples from different disease stages. Therefore, we thus performed an unsupervised study by flow cytometry on peripheral blood from control individuals and untreated CLL patients to get snapshots of the T cell compartment across the disease spectrum. Our results showed an increase in the CXCR5+ T follicular helper cells (Tfh) population, a subset playing a critical role in mediating the selection, survival and differentiation of B cells into antibody secreting cells and memory B cells through the expression of CD40L and IL-21 production. Importantly Tfh from CLL patient were skewed toward an activated Th1-profile as evidenced by their PD1+IL-21+IFNγ+ phenotype. The highest accumulation of Tfh cells was observed in advanced stages of the disease and Th1-like Tfh levels inversely correlated with serum IgG and IgA levels, decreased Ig levels being a risk factor for infectious complications. We were also able to uncover a correlation between the number of Tfh cells and the tumor burden represented by the number of circulating malignant B cells. Finally, we showed that Tfh cells effectively induce B-CLL proliferation in an IL-21 dependent but IFNγ independent mechanism. Our data therefore support the involvement of Tfh cells in CLL disease course
Danylo, Alexis. "Impact du stade de maturation de la molécule cellulaire HLA-DR sur son incorporation dans le virus d'immunodéficience humaine de type-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27077/27077.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаDebock, Isabelle. "Study of the development of Th17-type immune response in early life." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209700.
Повний текст джерелаRécemment, de nouveaux lymphocytes T auxiliaires ont été décrits, les lymphocytes Th17, producteurs d’IL-17A, d’IL-17F et d’IL-22, d’une part, et les lymphocytes Tfh, sécrétant de l’IL-21 et exprimant CXCR5, ICOS et PD-1, d’autre part. La différenciation des lymphocytes Th17 dépend de la présence d’IL-6 ou d’IL-21 et de TGF-β, et est inhibée par l’IL-4 ;tandis que les lymphocytes Tfh sont induits en présence d’IL-21, d’IL-6 et du répresseur transcriptionnel Bcl6. Alors que les lymphocytes Th17 sont associés à des réponses inflammatoires par le recrutement de neutrophiles, les lymphocytes Tfh aident les lymphocytes B à produire des anticorps de haute affinité.
L’objectif principal de notre travail est l’étude du développement potentiel de réponses de type Th17 chez le nouveau-né de souris soumis à une stimulation allogénique et au manque d’IL-4. De plus, l’existence potentielle de lymphocytes Tfh induits chez le nouveau-né immunisé avec un vaccin constitué d’ovalbumine de poulet et d’Alum, sera investiguée.
Dans notre modèle de tolérance néonatale, l’immunisation de nouveau-nés BALB/c à l’aide de cellules spléniques semi-allogéniques F1 (AJAX x BALB/c) induit une polarisation de type Th2, associée à l’établissement d’un chimérisme lymphoïde et à l’acceptation d’une greffe de peau présentant les alloantigènes rencontrés à la naissance. Des nouveau-nés soumis à cette immunisation allogénique et à la privation d’IL-4, réalisée par l’utilisation d’anticorps monoclonaux ou de souris IL-4-/-, rejettent de façon aiguë les greffons de peau et présentent une proportion réduite de cellules chimériques. Cette rupture de la tolérance néonatale est associée à l’inhibition de la réponse allospécifique de type Th2 et au développement de lymphocytes Th17 alloréactifs, produisant de l’IL-17A. L’inhibition de la voie Th17 ne conduit toutefois pas à l’acceptation des allogreffes de peau. Par contre, la neutralisation de l’IL-6 ou de l’IL-17A et la réduction du nombre de neutrophiles restaurent la proportion de cellules chimériques présentes dans la rate, démontrant que la réponse de type Th17 allospécifique néonatale contrôle le chimérisme lymphoïde.
En réponse au vaccin OVA-Alum, les nouveau-nés présentent une proportion accrue de lymphocytes Tfh CXCR5+ PD-1+, bien que cette proportion lymphocytaire soit significativement diminuée par rapport aux adultes. Les lymphocytes Tfh néonataux expriment en outre des taux moindres des ARNm d’IL-21, d’IL-4 et de Bcl6, suggérant que la génération de lymphocytes Tfh est altérée en début de vie. En parallèle, les titres et la maturation des anticorps produits suite à la vaccination sont réduits chez les nouveau-nés, en comparaison avec les adultes. Cependant, qu’ils soient déficients en IL-4 ou non, des lymphocytes T CD4+ néonataux activés in vitro en présence d’IL-6 induisent une production d’anticorps par des lymphocytes B compétents, suggérant qu’il n’y a pas de défaut intrinsèque des lymphocytes T du nouveau-né à développer une capacité d’aide aux lymphocytes B.
En conclusion, nous avons montré que la polarisation de type Th2 néonatale inhibe la différenciation de lymphocytes Th17 alloréactifs contrôlant le rejet de cellules allogéniques, un mécanisme pouvant intervenir dans la relation immunitaire entre la mère et l’enfant. Nos résultats indiquent également que le nouveau-né est capable de différencier des lymphocytes Tfh, bien que le développement de ces derniers semble réduit. \
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Berger, Patrick. "Tryptase mastocytaire et hyperréactivité induite par la sensibilisation passive de la bronche humaine." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR28716.
Повний текст джерелаDelpoux, Arnaud. "Rôle de l'autoréactivité sur les capacités suppressives des lymphocytes T régulateurs CD4+ Foxp3+." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00931647.
Повний текст джерелаBaey, Camille. "Etude de l'efficacité et des mécanismes de la présentation croisée d'antigènes cellulaires tumoraux intacts par les cellules dendritiques." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00930283.
Повний текст джерелаLandry, Sébastien. "Caractérisation et régulation de la transcription antisens chez le VIH-1 et les rétrovirus HTLVs." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26531/26531.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPraud, Chantal. "Réponse des lymphocytes T CD4 dirigée contre des peptides du virus d'immunodéficience humaine (VIH) chez des individus séro-négatifs." Toulouse 3, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995TOU30062.
Повний текст джерелаBolduc, Jean-François. "Étude de l'immunogénicité d'une formulation vaccinale contre le VIH-1 composée de pseudoparticules virales modifiées ayant incorporé la molécule CD40L." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28595/28595.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаBancila, Aliona. "L'impact des exosomes sur la viabilité des lymphocytes T CD4+ dans le contexte de l'infection au VIH-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27993/27993.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPlante, Audrey. "La maturation des cellules dendritiques induite par les PAMP modifie leur habileté à transférer le VIH-1 aux lymphocytes T CD4 + quiescents." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27664/27664.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаMfunyi, Claude Mukeba. "Le rôle du DCIR dans la libération des exosomes dans le contexte de l'infection par le VIH-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29761/29761.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJalaguier, Pascal. "Étude du mécanisme moléculaire d'incorporation de la molécule de l'hôte ICAM-1 par le VIH-1." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25415.
Повний текст джерелаMoens, Emmanuelle. "Caractérisation des lymphocytes T gamma delta dans le sang de cordon ombilical." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209815.
Повний текст джерелаLes LTγδ représentent le prototype des lymphocytes T non-conventionnels :ils sont capables de réagir très rapidement après activation et sont caractérisés par une activité qui n’est pas restreinte aux molécules du CMH. Les LTγδ qui expriment le TCR Vγ9Vδ2 constituent la population majoritaire (60-90%) de LTγδ dans le sang périphérique humain adulte. Ces cellules reconnaissent spécifiquement les phosphoantigènes, des molécules non-peptidiques de faible poids moléculaire tel que l’HMB-PP. Cet activateur naturel est un intermédiaire de la voie non-mévalonate de biosynthèse des isoprénoïdes, essentielle à de nombreux agents pathogènes. Ces cellules sont également capables de réagir aux aminobisphosphonates, drogues couramment utilisées en thérapie du cancer. Le zolédronate (Zometa) est le plus puissant des aminobisphosphonates. Grâce à leur capacité à sécréter rapidement des cytokines comme l’IFN-γ et le TNF-α ainsi qu’à leur puissante activité cytotoxique, les LT Vγ9Vδ2 jouent un rôle important dans le contrôle des infections et des cancers.
Au contraire des LTγδ de l’adulte, la fonction des LTγδ du nouveau-né est peu connue. Cependant, des évidences suggèrent que ces lymphocytes pourraient jouer un rôle particulièrement important en début de vie. Dans ce contexte, nous avons caractérisé en détail la réponse des LTγδ du sang de cordon ombilical humain après stimulation avec l’HMB-PP et le zolédronate. Contrairement à l’HMB-PP, le zolédronate induit la prolifération et la production d’IFN-γ par les LT Vγ9 du nouveau-né. L’IL-23 étant une cytokine produite de façon optimale par les DCs en début de vie, nous avons choisi d’étudier son influence sur le profil d’activation de ces cellules. L’ajout d’IL-23 au zolédronate augmente l’expression d’IFN-γ et génère une population distincte de LT Vγ9 négatifs pour l’IFN-γ et produisant de l’IL-17. De plus, l’IL-23 favorise la synthèse de plusieurs médiateurs cytotoxiques (perforine, granzymes A et B, granulysine) induits par le zolédronate. Alors que l’effet co-stimulateur de l’IL-23 sur la production d’IFN-γ et de molécules cytotoxiques est également observé au sein des LT Vγ9 de l’adulte, l’induction d’une sous-population IL-17+ IFN-γ- est unique aux LT Vγ9 du nouveau-né.
Afin de mieux définir les conditions requises pour induire la polarisation des LT Vγ9 du nouveau-né en cellules productrices d’IL-17, nous avons évalué l’effet de diverses cytokines ainsi que celui de dérivés microbiens sur l’activation de ces cellules au zolédronate. Le zolédronate en présence d’IL-1β ou de LPS génère une population distincte de LT Vγ9 IL-17+ IFN-γ-. De plus, l’ajout d’IL-1β au zolédronate n’augmente pas le pourcentage de LT Vγ9 producteurs d’IFN-γ. Nous avons ensuite comparé le phénotype des LT Vγ9 IL-17+ à celui des LT Vγ9 IFN-γ+. Nos résultats indiquent qu’une fraction des LT Vγ9 sécrétant l’IL-17 exprime sélectivement CCR6 contrairement aux LT Vγ9 producteurs d’IFN-γ.
En conclusion, ce travail a permis de révéler la capacité des LT Vγ9 du nouveau-né humain à se différencier en cellules productrices d’IFN-γ, d’IL-17 et de molécules cytotoxiques. Ces cellules pourraient donc constituer une première ligne de défense capable d’orchestrer une réponse immune efficace à l’encontre de dérivés microbiens ou de signaux endogènes de danger.
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Ibrahim-Granet, Oumaïma. "Biologie de Fonsecaea pedrosoi, champignon dimorphique agent de chromomycose (dermatite humaine) : physiologie du dimorphisme et son implication dans le processus immunitaire." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066689.
Повний текст джерелаCompte, Nathalie. "Impact of clinical factors on inflammaging and Toll-like receptors responses in old age." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209155.
Повний текст джерелаLes infections représentent un problème majeur en gériatrie. Les cellules du système immunitaire inné jouent un rôle important dans les défenses contre les agents pathogènes. La reconnaissance de ceux-ci par les cellules dendritiques, les macrophages ou les monocytes fait intervenir une série de molécules telles que les récepteurs de la famille Toll (TLR). Certains travaux suggèrent que la fonction des cellules de l’immunité innée pourrait être perturbée chez les individus âgés mais ces données restent controversées.
Dans ce travail, nous souhaitons aborder les hypothèses suivantes :
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Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Aucan, Christophe. "Immunologie génétique de la résistance humaine au paludisme à P. Falciparum : Rôle des sous-classes d'IgG dans la protection. Contrôle génétique de la charge parasitaire sanguine et de la réponse immune spécifique." Aix-Marseille 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX22059.
Повний текст джерелаGuilly, Marie-Noëlle. "Les lamines : antigenicite en pathologie humaine, expression au cours de la differenciation." Paris 7, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA077070.
Повний текст джерелаGarcía, Téllez Thalia Alejandra. "Study of inflammasome activation in monocytes, macrophages and epithelial cells during SIV infection in a pathogenic and a non-pathogenic model." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC300.
Повний текст джерелаChronic immune activation drives progression toward AIDS in HIV infection and still remains in low levels in antiretroviral-treated patients increasing the risk of non-communicable diseases. Such non-AIDS co-mobility and mortality is associated with markers of monocyte/macrophage (Mφ ) activation and microbial translocation, but the molecular bases of this phenomenon remain unknown. In contrast to humans and pathogenic animal models of HIV (i.e. macaques, MAC), natural hosts of SIV (i.e. African Green Monkeys, AGM) quickly resolve SIV-induced inflammation and display lower levels of IL-1β and IL-18. IL-1β and IL-18 can be produced by Mφ or intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) upon inflammasome activation with potential multiple roles. Therefore, we studied whether the inflammasome activation upon SIV-infection occurs in natural hosts, in which tissues it might take place and if it differs between models. To do so, we measured plasmatic IL-1β and IL-18 levels along SIV-infection; we performed microscopy staining of Mφ , IEC and IL-18 in tissues, we set-up functional assays for inflammasome activation in-vitro and we developed tools for phenotyping and isolating Mφ and IEC from blood, lung, BAL, LN and gut. We showed inflammasome activation in vivo during pathogenic and non-pathogenic SIV infection evaluated by IL-18 in the gut of MAC and AGM, particularly in the small intestine, as well as by the levels of IL-18 and IL-1β in plasma. Our study indicated higher IL-18 production in the jejunum of SIV-infected MAC as compared to SIV-infected AGM. We showed that signals that might be in the environment during pathogenic SIVmac infection, in particular LPS and ATP as a result of microbial translocation and stress activate the inflammasome of MAC and AGM macrophages. We revealed differences at the level of the regulation between both models, observed by higher levels of IL-18BP and IL-1RA in AGM compared to MAC and correlations between IL-18, IL-1β and their respective antagonists only in AGM but not in MAC
Agius, Gérard. "Etude de la variabilite de l'expression des infections retrovirales humaines a virus de la leucemie a cellules t de l'adulte, type un et a virus de l'immunodeficience humaine, type un : de la sero-immunologie a la caracterisation moleculaire de sequences provirales." Paris 6, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA066366.
Повний текст джерелаBEAULANDE, MELANIE. "Etude de l'asparaginyl-arnt synthetase cytosolique humaine et son implication dans des reactions auto-immunitaires." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10129.
Повний текст джерелаLambert, Alexandra. "Le rôle de la lectine de type C DCIR dans la pathogenèse associée à l'infection par le VIH-1." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/27588/27588.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRancez, Magali. "Entrée du virus de l'immunodéficience simienne et mouvements des cellules dendritiques au cours de l'infection rectale aiguë." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077180.
Повний текст джерелаDespite the high incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rectal transmission, our knowledge of the physiopathology of this infection is very limited My thesis work contributes to better define the initial events of this infection in the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-infected rhesus macaque model. First, I highlighted an extremety fast and massive entry of SFV through the rectal epithelium with mainly T lymphocytes as initial target cells, as early as 4 hours post-inoculation. Viral dissemination is a rapid process: from 4 hours post-inoculation the virus is found in lymph nodes draining the site of inoculation then in the whole body. This viral dissemination would depend cm the expression of chemokines. Secondly, I showed as early as 4 hours post-inoculation an increase in the network of interdigitated dendritic cells in recto-colic mucosa, then in draining lymph nodes and last in small intestine mucosa. These alterations would be connected to virus arrival in these various sites and to the variation in chemokine expression. Finally, I showed a failure of activation of the interdigitated dendritic cells of the draining lymph nodes at the end of the second week of infection. This work provides important knowledge on virologic and immunologic events taking place from 4 hours after rectal infection with SIV. It could help to improve the strategies to prevent HIV infection by this route
Dubois, Aurore. "Régulation des réponses Th2, induite en début de vie, dans un modèle murin d'inflammation pulmonaire." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209971.
Повний текст джерелаTant les nouveaux nés humains que murins ont une plus forte capacité que l’adulte à développer des lymphocytes T CD4+ régulateurs induits par une reconnaissance antigénique. La période néonatale serait donc particulièrement appropriée à l’induction de circuits régulateurs.
Dans le cadre de ce travail, nous avons étudié le rôle des lymphocytes T CD8+, induits à la naissance, dans le contrôle de la réponse des lymphocytes T CD4+ de type Th2.
Des souris BALB/c sont immunisées à la naissance à l’aide de cellules spléniques semi-allogéniques hybrides F1 (AJAX x BALB/c). Ces cellules persistent dans l’animal, au sein des organes lymphoïdes et stimulent ainsi de manière chronique les lymphocytes T CD4+ et T CD8+ du receveur et induisent une réponse de type Th2. Suite à l’injection des cellules spléniques semi-allogéniques au nouveau né de souris, nous avons observé l’expansion d’une population de lymphocytes T CD8+CD25+, dont le phénotype se caractérise par l’expression de Foxp3 et la production conjointe d’IFN-&61543; et l’IL-10. Nous avons pu observer que ces cellules sont capables d’inhiber la production de cytokines Th2 produites par les lymphocytes T CD4+ allospécifiques activés. Par contre, ces cellules régulatrices aggravent des réponses Th2 non apparentées. En effet, suite à une sensibilisation à l’ovalbumine, à l’âge adulte, ces souris développent de plus fortes réponses asthmatiques.
D’autre part, les nouveaux nés de souris BALB/c ont été immunisés à la naissance à l’aide de cellules dendritiques semi-allogéniques hybrides F1 (AJAX x BALB/c) qui activent de manière aigüe leurs lymphocytes T. Ces souris présentent une forte réponse Th1 et Tc1/Tc2 spécifique de l’alloantigène et sont protégées contre le développement d’un asthme induit. Il a aussi été montré dans ce travail que suite à l’immunisation néonatale à l’aide de cellules dendritiques semi-allogéniques, le nombre de lymphocytes T CD8+CD44high, CD8+CD62Lhigh et CD8+CD25+ producteurs d’IFN-&61543; augmente significativement. L’IFN-&
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Perez, Patrigeon Santiago. "Fonctions lymphocytaires T dans l'infection à VIH : altération des réponses chimiotactiques chez les patients virémiques : activation et différentiation des lymphocytes T CD4+ chez les patients "HIV controllers"." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077126.
Повний текст джерелаOur work analyses the migratory and adaptative immune response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). By analyzing the chemotactic responses of T lymphocytes in HIV infected patients, we found a CCR7-dependent migration defect in T lymphocytes from viremic patients. This defect is independent of their CCR7 expression suggesting the signalling cascade of CCR7 is disturbed. An altered chemotactic response could perturb lymphocyte migration into lymph nodes, thus disturbing adaptative immune response of T cells in these patients. We also studied specific T CD4+ responses from those rare HIV infected patients able to spontaneously control viral replication, thus called HIV controllers. We observed that T CD4+ cells of Controller patients have a preserved T CD4+ Central Memory compartment with an overexpression of CCR7, which could enhance their migration to lymph nodes and confer them with a more effective adaptative immune response. On the other hand, T CD4+ Effector Memory cells from HIV controllers present a moderated activation and polyfunctional antigenic responses, which could be related to an effective viral control. Finally, our work shows that HIV controllers present specific T CD4+ cells with increased antigen avidity to an HIV p24-Gag epitope. This might explain their effective response and proliferation in the presence of very low levels of circulating viral antigens. The presence of high avidity specific T CD4+ cells could allow HIV controllers to react early to a burst of viral replication thus limiting HIV related progressive damage to the immune System
Vanderstocken, Gilles. "Caractérisation du rôle des nucléotides extracellulaires et du récepteur purinergique P2Y2 dans la physiopathologie des maladies pulmonaires inflammatoires." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209591.
Повний текст джерелаhealth problem. As a consequence, investigating the immune mechanisms that contribute to
the pathogenesis of these diseases is essential to identify candidate targets for the
development of new therapeutic drugs. Furthermore, over the past 20 years, the growing awareness
that purinergic signalling events shape the immune and inflammatory responses to infection and
allergic reactions warranted the development of animal models to assess their importance in vivo in
acute lung injury and chronic airway diseases. The field of purinergic inflammation formulated the
unifying concept that ATP is released as a «danger signal» to induce inflammatory responses upon
binding purinergic receptors.
According to these elements, we began in 2007 to evaluate lung inflammation in mice deficient for
the P2Y2 purinergic receptor in TH2 and TH1 models. The most convincing evidence that the P2Y2
receptor is engaged during alarm situations comes from studies related to cystic fibrosis and asthma.
Indeed, chronic respiratory diseases are commonly associated with elevated airway ATP
concentrations, as reported in cystic fibrosis, but also in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, and they are raised by allergens in asthmatic
patients.
First, we demonstrated a significant role of the P2Y2R in a TH2-ovalbumin(OVA)-induced asthma
model. We observed that eosinophil accumulation, a distinctive feature of lung allergic inflammation,
was defective in OVA-treated P2Y2-deficient mice compared with OVA-treated wild type animals.
Interestingly, the upregulation of VCAM-1 was lower on lung endothelial cells of OVA-treated P2Y2
knockout mice compared with OVA-treated wild type animals. Adhesion assays demonstrated that
the action of UTP on leukocyte adhesion through the regulation of endothelial VCAM-1 was
abolished in P2Y2-deficient lung endothelial cells. Additionally, the level of soluble VCAM-1, reported
as an inducer of eosinophil chemotaxis, was strongly reduced in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of
P2Y2-deficient mice.
Secondly, we studied the consequences of P2Y2R loss in lung inflammation initiated after pneumonia
virus of mice (PVM) infection in collaboration with the group of Pr. Daniel Desmecht (ULg). We
demonstrated here that P2Y2
-/-
mice display a severe increase in morbidity and mortality rate in
response to PVM. Lower survival of P2Y2
-/-
mice was not correlated with excessive inflammation
despite the higher level of neutrophil recruiters in their broncho-alveolar fluids. Interestingly, we
observed lower numbers of dendritic cells, CD4
+
T cells and CD8
+
T cells in P2Y2
-/-
mice compared to
P2Y2
+/+
infected lungs. Lower level of IL-12 and higher level of IL-6 in broncho-alveolar fluid support
an inhibition of Th1 response in P2Y2
-/-
mice. Quantification of DC recruiter expression revealed
comparable IP-10 and MIP-3&
Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques
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Kapessidou, Panayota. "Implication of vascular endothelium and interleukin-22 in rejection of cardiac allografts." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210101.
Повний текст джерела
The initiating mechanisms of chronic rejection in solid organ transplantation remain ill-defined. Emerging evidence sustains that graft vasculopathy is primarily driven by alloreactive CD4+ T lymphocytes sensitized by the indirect pathway of allorecognition. To date, whereas the nature of APCs involved in this particular pathway has yet to be identified, it appears challenging to speculate that recipient-derived endothelial cells (ECs) repopulating the graft may represent the main cell targets recognized by indirectly primed alloreactive CD4+ T cells to mediate the rejection of cardiac transplants. In the first part of this thesis, we specifically studied the indirect pathway of allorecognition with a transgenic mice (Marilyn mice) model that expresses a T cell receptor (TCR) transgene which recognizes the male antigen H-Y in an I-Ab-restricted fashion. Our results provide evidence that graft endothelium replacement by recipient-type cells expressing MHC Class II molecules is required for the chronic rejection of vascularized cardiac transplants mediated by indirect pathway alloreactive CD4+ T cells.
The purpose of the second part of the thesis was to investigate the potential implication of interleukin-22 (IL-22), an early phase secreted proinflammatory cytokine of the IL-10 family, in the acute rejection of cardiac allografts. IL-22 was recently described as an effector key modulator of the inflammatory process produced mainly by differentiated CD4+ T cells of the Th17 lineage. As being closely related to IL-10 and IL-17, both involved in the rejection process of vascularized heart allografts, we attempted to determine the precise role of IL-22 in this process. Experiments were conducted with a recently developed murine model deficient for the IL-22 gene (IL-22KO). The results of the second part of the thesis show that IL-22 is not an effector cytokine in cardiac allograft rejection. In contrast, as being early expressed into the allograft, likely IL-22 plays a protective role in the inflammation leading to acute cardiac rejection, probably depending on a neutrophil-related mechanism.
In conjunction with current understanding of inflammatory and antigen-specific events in allografts, overall, our results provide new insights into the mechanisms of chronic and acute cardiac rejection, thus prompting to further interrogations and appealing novel therapeutic strategies. Pharmacologic manipulation of endothelium is challenging. Given their capacity to sense and rapidly respond to the local environment, ECs are the ideal targets for rapid systemic delivery of therapeutic agents. Combination therapy is required to reduce inflammatory reaction and endothelial activation, to modulate endothelial dysfunction and promote endothelial survival. Also, given that IL-22 may alleviate tissue destruction during inflammatory responses, therapies that enhance its production and protective action in the transplanted organs seem attractive to specifically affect tissue responses, without exerting direct effects on the immune response.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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Yacoub-Youssef, Houda. "Le Rejet chronique vasculaire (RCV) : rôle de l’IL6 après greffe aortique murine et mise au point d’un modèle de greffe d’artère humaine chez la souris SCID/beige." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30259.
Повний текст джерелаChronic vascular rejection (CVR) is the principal cause of late graft loss after clinical organ transplantation in spite of the progress in immunosuppressive therapy. The pathogenesis of CVR is still ill defined. It is characterised by an infiltration of lymphocytes and macrophages into the vascular wall as well as a hyperproliferation of smooth muscle cells in the neointima. This causes a progressive obliteration of the vascular lumen leading to graft ischemia. The immune system plays an important role for the CVR but metabolic and physical factors are also implied. The objectives of my thesis are double: 1/ the study of the role of the cytokine IL6 in the alloresponse and the development of CVR in a model of atherosclerosis, 2/ the setting up of a preclinical model for the study of CVR under human allograft conditions. .
Veillette, Véronique. "Étude mécanistique de l'incorporation de la molécule de l'hôte HLA-DR par le VIH-1 : Rôle de la protéine auxiliaire VPU et des microdomaines." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/28556/28556.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe type-1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infects and replicates itself in the immune system cells. When it buds out, the virus covers itself with a part of the plasma membrane and then acquires some of the host membrane proteins. It is the case for the HLA-DR protein from the major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) necessary for antigen presentation. Its viral incorporation increases the infectious potential and contributes to viral persistence. Vpu is an HIV-1 protein which contributes to the viral budding process. A recent study showed that Vpu could decrease the mature HLA-DR expression at the infected cell surface. Nevertheless, it is also known that Vpu modulates the mature HLA-DR acquisition by HIV-1. Those results could be explained by a control of the intracellular localization of HLA-DR and/or some HIV-1 structural protein by Vpu. In summary, Vpu could promote specific interactions between mature HLA-DR and HIV-1 while decreasing the general expression of mature HLA-DR at the cell surface. We wished to confirm the dual role of Vpu which is important in the viral pathogenesis by getting the mature HLA-DR incorporation advantages while short-circuiting its role in the normal antigen response. It is also accepted that the virus buds out from the infected cell lipid raft. These region are highly enriched with cholesterol and the preferential expression location of mature HLA-DR. With a Simvastatin™ treatment, the lipid raft are disrupt because this drug inhibit the synthesis of cholesterol, therefore down-modulating the mature HLA-DR expression at the cell surface. Using Simvastatin™ inform us on where the virus could possibly acquire the mature host molecule HLA-DR in its envelop. This research project allowed us to characterise the possible interactions between Vpu and HLA-DR that led to a better understanding of the mechanism by which Vpu modulates HLA-DR at the infected cell surface and its viral incorporation. The study conducted by confocal microscopy using multiple fluorescent tagging of Vpu and HLA-DR has led to the evidence of an interaction between Vpu and mature HLA-DR in an infected cell. The measurement of the cell surface expression of HLA-DR and its viral incorporation by flow cytometer and immunocapture techniques also allowed the confirmation of the Vpu modulation on HLA-DR expression. Finally, the Simvastatin™ treatment on infected cells allowed us to hypothesis that the mature HLA-DR acquisition was done at an earlier stage that the viral budding. To conclude, we also attempted to correlate the difference in the pathogenesis of some HIV-1 subtype with the sequence variability of Vpu between them: a link with a different subcellular localization of Vpu. The studies that have been performed in order to complete my master diploma have contributed to a better understanding of the acquisition mechanism of certain host molecules and their impact on different sub-types of HIV-1 pathogenesis. They also give substantial information on the roles of Vpu, a virus-encoded protein whose involvement in HIV-1 pathogenesis remains to be defined and on the acquisition mechanism of some host molecule by HIV-1. The results presented in this thesis will probably arouse an interest renewal for this protein and for the host molecule incorporation mechanism used by HIV-1.
Ali, Magdi Mahmoud. "Immunologic aspects of the pathogenesis of human onchocerciasis." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm University, Wenner-Gren Institute for Experimental Biology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-793.
Повний текст джерелаOnchocerciasis, or river blindness, is a parasitic disease that affects more than 20 million people globally. The induction of pathology is directly related to the presence and destruction of the microfilarial stages (mf) of this filarial nematode. The disease presents clinically with a wide spectrum of dermal and ocular manifestations, the basis of the variation is believed to involve the immune system. The clinical presentations of infected hosts relate to the intensity of the reactions against the parasite. Anti-microfilarial drugs are also thought to somehow involve the immune system in their pharmacological action. In this study we have investigated some of the factors that might contribute to the pathogenesis, with the aim of gaining a better understanding of the role of immune response in these host inflammatory reactions to Onchocerca volvulus parasite. In the first study we have highlighted the clinically most severe form of dermal onchocerciasis, known as reactive onchocercal dermatitis (ROD), one that is often ignored and has not been properly identified. This form has special characteristics and important biological information that could greatly assist the general understanding of the disease as a whole. Amongst the three major foci of the disease in the study country, Sudan, the prevalence of ROD was found to be associated with different environmental and epidemiological characteristics; strikingly higher in the hypo-endemic areas. Including ROD cases in the prevalence will upgrade the level of endemicity of a locality, and often bring patients much in need of treatment into mass treatment programs that currently only treat localities with medium to high levels of endemicity. In the following research studies, we tried to address the immunological characteristics of the clinically different onchocerciasis patients. Then we also investigated the role of genetic polymorphism in the gene encoding receptor that links innate and adaptive immunity, namely, FcγRIIa.
Patients with either of two major forms of the clinical spectrum-mild and severe dermatopathology were studied by assaying the antigen-driven proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the ability of patients’ serum antibodies to promote cytoadherence activity to mf in vitro. Immune responses of those with severe skin disease were found to be stronger compared with the mild dermatopathology group. Mectizan® treatment was followed by an increase in immune responsiveness in those with initially poor responses. Thus the degree of dermatopathology is related to the host’s immune response against mf and immunocompetence may be necessary for Mectizan® to clear the infection efficiently.
The infection has also been associated with increased levels of circulating immune complexes (CIC) containing parasite antigens and a cytokine response that involves both pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. Our fourth paper investigated the effect of IC from the O. volvulus infected patients on the production of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines. CIC were increased in all patients studied. The precipitate from plasma treated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) were added to peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) cultures, and the levels of IL-10, tumor necrosis factor TNF-α, IL-1β and their endogenous antagonists soluble TNF-Rp75 and IL-1-receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) were measured. A significant induction of all cytokines measured occurred in the onchocerciasis patients compared to healthy controls. However, the IL-1ra level was suppressed. The suppression of the production of IL-1ra suggests that the IC containing antigens may have a selectively suppressive effect on the production of this anti-inflammatory cytokine; thus implicating its possible role in counteracting inflammatory responses associated with the disease, and suggesting a potential therapeutic significance.
FcgRIIa receptors are involved in many important biological responses, and considered as important mediators of inflammation. A polymorphism in the gene encoding this receptor, that is either arginine (R) or histidine (H) at position 131, affects the binding to the different IgG subclasses. We therefore hypothesized that this polymorphism might be one of the underlying mechanisms to the varied clinical presentations seen in this disease. FcgRIIa genotyping was carried out by gene specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and allele-specific restriction enzyme digestion of DNA from clinically characterized patients. The genotype R/R frequencies were found to be significantly higher among patients with the severe form of the disease (including ROD), and it was particularly associated with one tribe (Masaleet) compared to Fulani. Moreover, the H allele was found to be associated with lower risk of developing the severe form. As no significant difference was seen between onchocerciasis cases and controls, the study also implies that this polymorphism influences protection from developing the severe form rather than being related to protection from the infection.
Koch, Philippe. "Study and treatment of intraocular inflammation by anti-inflammatory gene transfer to the retina." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209901.
Повний текст джерелаWe herein propose to study different therapeutical paradigms for intraocular inflammation using anti-inflammatory gene transfer to the retina.
Transfer of immuno-modulatory genes in RPE cells prior to their transplantation into the subretinal space could be useful to reduce immune rejection. We thus compared in vitro adeno-associated viral (AAV) gene transfer to a human immortalised RPE cell-line (ARPE-19) and primary cells (hRPE), to modify their genetic properties. We investigated 3 different serotypes and promoters in vitro, before evaluating a SOCS1 gene transfer to decrease immunogenicity of ARPE-19 cells in a xenograft rat model. We showed that AAV2 efficiently transduced at least 60% of ARPE-19 and hRPE cells, by comparison with the AAV1 and 5. In dividing ARPE-19 cells, mean-fluorescent intensity of CMV-driven gene expression was higher as compared to chicken beta-actin (CAG) and tetracycline inducible (TetON) promoters, but quickly decreased with time whereas CAG was more stable. AAV2-CAG-SOCS1 infection of ARPE-19 cells significantly decreased IFNγ-induced MHC II expression. In a last experiment, we infected in vitro ARPE-19 cells, using AAV2-CAG-SOCS1, prior to their delivery into the SRS of Lewis rats, and compared it with AAV2-CAG-eGFP-infected cells or non-infected cells. Since our preliminary results were not conclusive due to technical limitations, more extended investigations are necessary.
In another part, we developed a clinical grading system (CGS) to efficiently score EAU development in mice fundus. Particularly, we introduced the concept of active and inactive inflammation. However, some differences between CGS and histological (HGS) grading systems were pointed out to better characterise weaknesses of each method. We thus enhanced our CGS to reduce discrepancies with HGS but will need further investigations to obtain comparable grading systems.
Finally, we examined in vivo effects of a SOCS1 overexpression on EAU development, following AAV2-CAG-SOCS1 intravitreal (IVit) delivery in right eyes. We first tried two different intraocular routes of injections in this inflammatory model and showed IVit delivery to be the less traumatic. Due to important animal variabilities in EAU, SOCS1 overexpression did not lead to a significant reduction of inflammation when compared to GFP as a whole. However, our design study, allowing to compare injected versus non injected eyes, furthermore revealed IVit injection side effects with pro-inflammatory reaction due to the injection of AAV2-CAG-eGFP itself. In order to reduce the impact of inter-animal variability, we standardized the data by comparing the mean of ratios of injected over non-injected eyes (I/NI) for each animal rather than absolute values. We showed a significant reduction of the clinical and histological scores of the SOCS1 group as compared to the GFP group that was even stronger in the AAV2-targeted parts of the eyes. However, we missed a saline control to corroborate using our GFP group as a control and will need to introduce in a close future some bilateral injections to validate the use of the mean of grading ratios of I/NI in our experiments. Particularly, we showed a different pattern of MHC II positive invading cells in the ciliary body between SOCS1 treated and non-treated eyes. Further investigations are necessary to confirm and characterise SOCS1 protective mechanism in EAU.
Doctorat en Sciences médicales
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