Дисертації з теми "Immune-related gene"
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Arakelian, Tsolère. "Impact of Targeting the Autophagy Related Gene Beclin 1 on the Immune Landscape of Melanoma." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS193.
Повний текст джерелаImmune Checkpoint Blockades (ICBs)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for melanoma patients; however only a small subset of patients reaps a long term benefit. One of the major challenges to enhance the efficacy and extend the benefit of ICBs to non-responder patients is to design innovative approaches allowing the switch of “immune desert cold tumors” to “immune infiltrated hot tumors" which are eligible for ICB-based therapies. Here, we investigated the impact of targeting the early autophagy gene Beclin1 on the immune landscape of B16-F10 melanoma tumors. We found that targeting Beclin1 (Becn1-) significantly inhibited B16-F10 tumor growth and increased the infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes into the tumor bed. Immune phenotyping revealed an increased infiltration of active Natural Killer (NK) cells, inflammatory and resident type 1 macrophages, dendritic cells, and active CD8+ T lymphocytes. The inhibition of Becn1- tumor growth was no longer observed by depleting host CD8+ T cells, thus highlighting their major role in the control of Becn1- B16-F10 tumor development. We showed that Beclin1-dependent regulation of the immune landscape was associated with profound modulation of the cytokine/chemokine network in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Importantly, we revealed that Becn1- tumors displayed an inflammatory cytokine signature (comprised, but not restricted to, CCL5, CXCL10 and IFNg) that could be responsible for the switch from cold non T-inflamed to hot T-inflamed tumors. Mechanistically, we reported that the overexpression of IFNg in Becn1- TME was responsible for the induction of Programed Death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells through the activation of JAK/STATs pathway. Overall, this study highlights Beclin1 as a valuable target, able to drive immune effectors cells into the melanoma tumors by inducing an inflammatory signature. This study provides the proof of concept for combining drugs inhibiting early autophagy process along with ICBs as a cutting-edge approach to improve their efficacy
Warke, Rajas V. "Molecular Dissection of the Cellular Reponse to Dengue Virus Infection." eScholarship@UMMS, 2008. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/366.
Повний текст джерелаLorenzoni, Marco. "Pro-Tumorigenic role of ETS-related gene (ERG) in precursor prostate cancer lesions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242659.
Повний текст джерелаLorenzoni, Marco. "Pro-Tumorigenic role of ETS-related gene (ERG) in precursor prostate cancer lesions." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/242659.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Nai-kei. "Expression of myelin-related genes in an immune-precipitated mouse model of schizophrenia." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2010. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B4378026X.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Nai-kei, and 黃乃淇. "Expression of myelin-related genes in an immune-precipitated mouse model of schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4378026X.
Повний текст джерелаDiBaise, Samantha. "Decreased Expression of Immune Related Genes in the Intrauterine Growth Restricted Fetal Sheep Pancreas." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579391.
Повний текст джерелаSamuels, Veneshley. "Investigation of mycobacterial cell wall genes and their requirement for survival in immune related stressful conditions." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32963.
Повний текст джерелаPaues, Jakob. "Brain Stem Involvement in Immune and Aversive Challenge." Doctoral thesis, Linköping : Linköping University, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-7579.
Повний текст джерелаLourenço, Anete Pedro. "Genes codificadores dos peptídeos antimicrobianos e de outras proteínas envolvidas na resposta imune de in Apis mellifera." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-04042008-144240/.
Повний текст джерелаInsects have developed an efficient immune system against parasites and pathogens, which is comprised of both cellular and humoral responses. The cellular mechanisms involve phagocytosis and encapsulation by hemocytes, whereas the humoral responses include activation of prophenoloxidase and synthesis of antimicrobial peptides by the fat body, which are released into the hemolymph. Two signaling pathways, Toll and Imd, control the expression of genes encoding antimicrobial peptides. Genome-wide analyses of the honey bee, Apis mellifera, have identified predicted genes for these signaling pathways. However, immune response mechanisms in honey bees were not yet in depth studied. We analyzed the transcription of effector genes (abaecin, hymenoptaecin, defensin, transferin, prophenoloxidase), as well as other immune genes, such as pathogen recognition genes (PGRP, GNBP) and signaling genes (cactus, relish, dorsal 1- B). We also investigated the role of the storage proteins Vitellogenin, Hexamerin 70a, Lipophorin I/II and Lipophorin III in the honey bee immunity. Finally, we analyzed the effect of nutrition and aging on honey bee immunity. Gene expression of signaling pathway components was assessed in honey bees that had been infected with the bacteria Serratia marcescens or Micrococcus luteus through injection or oral challenge. Honey bees infected with these microorganisms had strong up-regulation of antimicrobial peptide genes and of transferin, and also other changes in transcript abundance after 3 and 12 hours of challenge. The roles of prophenoloxidase and dorsal in the immune response, described as genes encoding important proteins in other insects, were also investigated. In this case we used RNA interference (RNAi) to silence the expression of these genes. RNAi efficiently silenced the target genes. However, injection of doublestranded RNA in honey bees induced a reaction by the immune system. This made it difficult to determine the role of prophenoloxidase in honey bee immunity. Yet, silencing of dorsal and its isoforms led us to consider dorsal 1-A or dorsal 2 as members of the signaling pathways that produce antimicrobial peptides, especially defensin. The abundance of storage proteins transcripts and proteins was lower in infected bees than in controls, giving evidence that these proteins participate in the immune process in honey bees. Moreover, protein consumption caused up-regulation of genes encoding storage proteins, which may favor the maintenace of the immune response capacity. The effect of aging on decline in immunity was analyzed in (young) nurse bees and (old) foragers from normal free-flying colony. We also examined bees from a single-cohort colony, in which all individuals were at the same age; but some were nursing, while others were foraging. All the bees, independent of age or behavior, were able to activate the immune system after infection with S. marcescens. However, foragers, independent of age, were always more susceptible to infections than were nurse bees. This is probably due to physiological differences between bees, which confers to the nurses more competence to survivorship.
Ullastres, i. Coll Anna. "Adaptation in Drosophila melanogaster Natural Populations. Fitness Effects and Evolutionary History of a Natural Insertion and Molecular Effects of Several Transposable Elements on Immune-Related Genes." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/406957.
Повний текст джерелаUn dels reptes actuals en biologia és explicar la base genètica de l’adaptació. Mentre que hi ha molts estudis basats en SNPs intentant trobar les bases genètiques de les relacions genotip-fenotip, no s’ha estudiat tant bé el paper de les mutacions generades pels elements mòbils (TEs, de l’anglès Transposable Elements). Evidències recents demostren que els TEs són una eina potent per identificar les bases genètiques dels fenotips adaptatius. Drosophila melanogaster és un bon model per estudiar l’adaptació, ja que és originària de l’Àfrica subtropical i recentment ha colonitzat altres ambients. Per identificar i caracteritzar el paper de diversos TEs candidats per l’adaptació a D. melanogaster, hem seguit dues estratègies diferents: locus-específica i tret-específica. En el primer capítol hem caracteritzat a nivell molecular i fenotípic el TE FBti0019386, identificat prèviament com a candidat per l’adaptació. Primer hem estudiat la història evolutiva d’aquesta inserció i hem demostrat que està associada a senyals genòmiques de selecció positiva. Després hem explorat diferents fenotips relacionats amb els efectes fenotípics coneguts dels gens del costat, que poguessin tenir connexions plausibles amb la variació de la fitness a la natura. En el segon capítol, hem estudiat l’impacte de diferents TEs en la resposta immune. Per això, hem mostrejat el genoma buscant TEs candidats per l’adaptació en quatre poblacions naturals. Després, hem combinat anàlisis d’expressió específica d’al·lel, assajos d’enhancer i detecció de TSS per caracteritzar l’impacte d’aquests TEs durant la resposta a infecció amb el bacteri gram-negatiu Pseudomonas entomophila. Hem trobat que l’al·lel amb el TE s’expressa de manera diferent en 13 dels 16 gens analitzats en condicions control i/o d’infecció en almenys un dels dos fons genètics analitzats. Hem demostrat que alguns d’aquests TEs alteren l’expressió afegint promotors i enhancers als gens del costat. Tot i que les evidències assenyalen cap a un possible paper dels TEs en la regulació de la resposta immune, es requereixen més experiments per associar els TEs identificats amb un efecte en la fitness. En resum, les dues estratègies integratives seguides ens han permès mostrar el paper dels TEs en la generació de variació natural genòmica potencialment implicada en l’adaptació.
Tavares, Lucas Alves. "O envolvimento da proteína adaptadora 1 (AP-1) no mecanismo de regulação negativa do receptor CD4 por Nef de HIV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17136/tde-06012017-113215/.
Повний текст джерелаThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the etiologic agent of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). AIDS is a disease which has a global distribution, and it is estimated that there are currently at least 36.9 million people infected with the virus. During the replication cycle, HIV promotes several changes in the physiology of the host cell to promote their survival and enhance replication. The fast progression of HIV-1 in humans and animal models is closely linked to the function of an accessory protein Nef. Among several actions of Nef, one is the most important is the down-regulation of proteins from the immune response, such as the CD4 receptor. It is known that this action causes CD4 degradation in lysosome, but the molecular mechanisms are still incompletely understood. Nef forms a tripartite complex with the cytosolic tail of the CD4 and adapter protein 2 (AP-2) in clathrin-coated vesicles, inducing CD4 internalization and lysosome degradation. Previous research has demonstrated that CD4 target to lysosomes by Nef involves targeting of this receptor to multivesicular bodies (MVBs) pathway by an atypical mechanism because, although not need charging ubiquitination, depends on the proteins from ESCRTs (Endosomal Sorting Complexes Required for Transport) machinery and the action of Alix, an accessory protein ESCRT machinery. It has been reported that Nef interacts with subunits of AP- 1, AP-2, AP-3 complexes and Nef does not appear to interact with AP-4 and AP-5 subunits. However, the role of Nef interaction with AP-1 or AP-3 in CD4 down-regulation is poorly understood. Furthermore, AP-1, AP-2 and AP-3 are potentially heterogeneous due to the existence of multiple subunits isoforms encoded by different genes. However, there are few studies to demonstrate if the different combinations of APs isoforms are form and if they have distinct functional properties. This study aim to identify and characterize cellular factors involved on CD4 down-modulation induced by Nef from HIV-1. More specifically, this study aimed to characterize the involvement of AP-1 complex in the down-regulation of CD4 by Nef HIV-1 through the functional study of the two isoforms of ?-adaptins, AP-1 subunits. By pull-down technique, we showed that Nef is able to interact with ?2. In addition, our data from immunoblots indicated that ?2- adaptin, not ?1-adaptin, is required in Nef-mediated targeting of CD4 to lysosomes and the ?2 participation in this process is conserved by Nef from different viral strains. Furthermore, by flow cytometry assay, ?2 depletion, but not ?1 depletion, compromises the reduction of surface CD4 levels induced by Nef. Immunofluorescence microscopy analysis also revealed that ?2 depletion impairs the redistribution of CD4 by Nef to juxtanuclear region, resulting in CD4 accumulation in primary endosomes. Knockdown of ?1A, another subunit of AP-1, resulted in decreased cellular levels of ?1 and ?2 and, compromising the efficient CD4 degradation by Nef. Moreover, upon artificially stabilizing ESCRT-I in early endosomes, via overexpression of HRS, internalized CD4 accumulates in enlarged HRS-GFP positive endosomes, where co-localize with ?2. Together, the results indicate that ?2-adaptin is a molecule that is essential for CD4 targeting by Nef to ESCRT/MVB pathway, being an important protein in the endo-lysosomal system. Furthermore, the results indicate that ?-adaptins isoforms not only have different functions, but also seem to compose AP-1 complex with distinct cell functions, and only the AP-1 variant comprising ?2, but not ?1, acts in the CD4 down-regulation induced by Nef. These studies contribute to a better understanding on the molecular mechanisms involved in Nef activities, which may also help to improve the understanding of the HIV pathogenesis and the related syndrome. In addition, this work contributes with the understanding of primordial process regulation on intracellular trafficking of transmembrane proteins.
Shuetrim, Angela Jenny. "Molecular evolution of the immune related gene transferrin in Polyrhachis ants and distantly related insect taxa." Thesis, 2007. https://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/11606/1/01front.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPinto, Raquel Filipa Queirós. "Preschool psychopathology using a gene-X-environment model: contributions of immune-related genes and maternal care." Doctoral thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/66096.
Повний текст джерелаChildren’s emotional and behavioural functioning is increasingly recognized as critical for children's success, in school as well as in other contexts, and in later phases of life into adulthood. Emotional and behavioural disorders during early childhood has been vastly studied, with recent considerable interest in expanding the research from environmental (e.g., maternal care and contextual experience), to genetic predictors (e.g., polymorphisms in neurotransmission system, given its link to behaviour). Despite this growing interest, research is still in many ways preliminary. The goal of the present doctoral dissertation was to study preschoolers’ emotional and behavioural disorders using a Gene-X-Environment interaction (GxE) approach, combining environmental variables and child’s genetic background related to the immune system. Specifically, its two main aims were to investigate environmental determinants and their action mechanisms on child’s internalizing and externalizing problems; and, on the other hand, to examine whether an immune-related gene interact with environment in the prediction of withdraw behaviour (internalizing symptoms). Therefore, Chapter 1 introduced the state of the art behind the proposed field of study. Chapter 2 then focus the first aim of this dissertation: to examine the effect of family risks and maternal care and their action mechanisms on child’s internalizing and externalizing problems in preschool age. Specifically, Chapter 2 analyzed whether the relationship between family risk and child’s internalizing and externalizing problems is differentially mediated by maternal insensitivity and intrusiveness. Based on a sample of 205 children, their mothers and their preschool teachers, results revealed that only maternal intrusiveness mediated the relation between family risk and children’s internalizing behaviours, in way that children display higher internalizing symptoms when mothers were more intrusive particulatly in the case of higher risk families. Chapter 3 provided a systematic review on GxE research focused on internalizing or/and externalizing problems in early childhood in order to provide a critical overview of the literature. Based on a sample of 14 studies, results concluded that the prevalence of G×E effects in predicting early emotional and behaviour problems is salient, with parental variables, namely, parental psychopathology and parental interactive behaviours, as important moderators. This review also revealed a prevalence of ‘usual suspect’ candidate genes, mostly integrated in the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems (neurotransmission-related genes), disregarding other putatively relevant systems, such as the immune system. Finally, Chapter 4 took into consideration the link between the immune system and some psychiatric conditions, and analyzed the role of the child’s polymorphism (rs2430561) on the Interferon Gamma Gene (IFNG) on withdrawn behaviour, testing maternal psychological distress as a possible moderator of such association. Results proved consistent with the differential susceptibility model of person-X-context interaction. This dissertation underlines the relevance of considering the interaction between individual and environmental factors in shaping emotional and behavioural functioning in a preschool age. Building on this work, future studies should consider larger scale samples, and follow approaches which include different biological, psychological and environmental aspects for a broader comprehension of early emotional and behavioural problems.
O funcionamento emocional e comportamental infantil tem sido amplamente reconhecido como critício para o sucesso das crianças, no contexto escolar, mas também em outros contextos, e em fases posteriores do ciclo de vida, até à idade adulta. As perturbações emocionais e comportamentais durante a infância têm sido muito estudadas, recentemente com considerável interesse na expansão da investigação de preditores ambientais (e.g., cuidados maternos e experiências contextuais), para preditores genéticos (e.g., polimorfismos em genes implicados no sistema de neurotransmissão, dada a sua relação com o comportamento). Apesar deste interesse crescente, a investigação é ainda preliminar em múltiplos aspetos. O objetivo da presente dissertação de doutormaneto foi estudar as perturbações emocionais e comportamentais em idade pré-escolar, usando uma abordagem de intereção entre Genes e Ambiente (Gene-X-Ambiente) combinando variáveis ambientais e informação genética relacionada com o sistema imunitário da criança. Especificamente, os dois objetivos principais foram estudar determinantes ambientais e os seus mecanismos de interação relativamente a problemas de internalização e externalização da criança; e, por outro lado, investigar se um gene relacionado com o sistema imunitário interage com o ambiente na predição de comportamento de isolamento (sintomas de internalização). Assim, o Capítulo 1 introduz o estado da arte acerca da área de estudo proposta. O Capítulo 2 foca o primeiro objetivo desta dissertação: estudar o efeito do risco familiar e dos cuidados maternos e os seus mecanismos de interação nos problemas de internalização e externalização em idade pré-escolar. Especificamente, o Capítulo 2 analisa se a relação entre risco familiar e problemas de internalização e externalização é mediada de forma diferencial pela insensibilidade ou intrusividade maternas. Baseado numa amostra de 205 crianças, as suas mães e professores, os resultados revelaram que a relação entre o risco familiar e os problemas de internalização foi apenas mediada pela inrusividade, de forma que as crianças apresentaram mais problemas de internalização quando as suas mães eram mais intrusivas, particularmente no caso de elevado risco familiar. O Capítulo 3 forneceu uma revisão sistemática da literatura sobre estudos de interação Gene-X-Ambiente focados em problemas de internalização e/ou externalização na infância, de forma a oferecer uma visão crítica da literatura neste âmbito. Baseado numa amostra de 14 estudos, os resultados concluiram que a prevalência do efeito de interação Gene-X-Ambiente na predição de problemas emocionais e comportamentais é saliente entre os estudos, com variáveis parentais a funcionarem como moderadores importantes, nomeadamente a psicopatologia parental e os comportamentos interativos parentais. Esta revisão sistemática também realçou a prevalência dos genes candidatos ‘suspeitos do costume’, integrados maioritariamente nos sistemas dopaminérgico e serotonérgico (genes relacionados com a neurotransmissão), desconsiderando outros sistemas putativamente relevantes, como o sistema imunitário. Finalmente, o Capítulo 4 teve em consideração a relação entre o sistema imunitário e algumas condições psiquiátricas, e analisou o papel de um polimorfismo (rs2430561) no Gene do Interferon Gama (IFNG) no comportamento de isolamento da criança, testando o bem-estar psicológico materno como possível moderador. Os resultados provaram consistência com o modelo da susceptibilidade diferencial. Esta dissertação sublinha a relevância de considerar a interação entre fatores individuais e ambientais no funcionamento emocional e comportamental em idade préescolar. Com base neste trabalho, estudos futuros deverão considerar amostras de maior escala e seguir abordagens que incluam diferentes aspectos biológicos, psicológicos e ambientais, para uma compreensão mais ampla dos problemas emocionais e comportamentais manifestados em idades tão precoces.
This research was conducted at the Psychology Research Centre (UID/PSI/01662/2013), University of Minho. It was supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (PhD Fellowship SFRH/BD/85536/2012) and the Portuguese Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education through national funds, and in the scope of QREN – POPH – Typology 4.1 – Advanced Training, reimbursed by the European Social Found and MSTHE funds. It was conducted as part of the PTDC/PSI-PCL/116897/2010 project, which was financed by national funds through the FCT/MEC (PIDDAC) and cofunded by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) through COMPETE – Operational Programme Competitiveness Factors (POFC).
"Diversity and evolution of 185/333, an immune-related gene family from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus." THE GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY, 2008. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3297074.
Повний текст джерелаDuy, Vo-Duc, and 武德維. "Adjusted immune related genes expression in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) fed with polysaccharide." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16322874866210007764.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
生物科技系所
101
Polysaccharides may contain pathogen-associated moleculer patterns (PAMPS) stimulated innate immune response in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). There are total of 5 experimental diets, each was fed to 200 shrimps per tank (initial wt: 0.84 g) for 2 months. Weight gain of shrimp fed control diet, 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 and 0.8 g kg-1 polysaccharide containing diet increased 669.58 %, 812.58 %, 774.25%, 740.70% and 707.21% (p<0.05), respectively. Quantitative PCR analysis showed that expression mRNA level of LvToll 2, and Lvtoll 3 and interferon gamma inducible lysosomal thiol enzyme (Lv GILT) was clearly up-regulated in hemocyte, hepatopancrea, gill, muscle and stomach of both pellet feeding supplemented with polysaccharide at 20th, 40th and 60th day culturing, compared to shrimp fed control diet. In another experiment, L. vannamei, which had been fed control diet, or polysaccharide-containing diets after 60 days culturing, were challenged with V. alginolyticus at 105 colony-forming units (CFU) shrimp-1 and then placed in sea water of 25‰. The survival of shrimp fed a diet containing 0.2 and 0.4 g kg -1 after 11 days injected increased significantly, as compared to that of shrimp fed control diet. It is therefore concluded that administration of polysaccharide in the diet at 0.2 and 0.4 g kg-1 could enhance the immune ability of L. vannamei and increase its resistance to V. alginolyticus infection
"The association between immune response genes and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) related genes in the predisposition for Alzheimer's disease." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891456.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-129).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.v
Publications --- p.vi
Abbreviations --- p.vii
Chapter Chapter 1 --- General Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1 --- Epidemiology of AD --- p.2
Chapter 1.2 --- Clinical and pathological features of AD --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.1 --- Clinical features of AD --- p.3
Chapter 1.2.2. --- Pathological features of AD --- p.3
Chapter 1.3 --- Diagnosis of AD --- p.4
Chapter 1.4 --- Classification of AD --- p.5
Chapter 1.5 --- Causes of AD --- p.5
Chapter 1.6 --- Risk factors --- p.5
Chapter 1.6.1 --- Age --- p.5
Chapter 1.6.2 --- Family history --- p.6
Chapter 1.6.3 --- Genetics --- p.6
Chapter 1.6.3.1 --- Autosomal dominant mutations --- p.6
Chapter 1.6.3.2 --- Genotypes of Apolipoprotein E --- p.6
Chapter 1.6.4 --- Environmental factors --- p.7
Chapter Chapter 2 --- Pathology in Alzheimer's disease --- p.8
Chapter 2.1 --- Overview of Alzheimer's disease pathology --- p.8
Chapter 2.2 --- Amyloid plaques --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Amyloid precursor protein --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Processing ofAPP --- p.9
Chapter 2.2.3 --- Amyloid β (Aβ) --- p.12
Chapter 2.2.4 --- APP mutations and AD --- p.12
Chapter 2.3 --- Neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Tau --- p.15
Chapter 2.3.2 --- Tau mutation and neurodegeneration --- p.17
Chapter 2.4 --- Hypotheses for AD pathology --- p.18
Chapter 2.4.1 --- Amyloid cascade hypothesis --- p.18
Chapter 2.4.2 --- Inflammatory hypothesis --- p.20
Chapter 2.4.2.1 --- Microglia and astrocytes --- p.21
Chapter 2.4.2.2 --- Inflammatory cytokines --- p.23
Chapter 2.4.2.3 --- Inflammation and AD --- p.25
Chapter 2.4.3 --- ApoE hypothesis --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.3.1 --- Apolipoprotein E --- p.27
Chapter 2.4.3.2 --- ApoE and AD --- p.28
Chapter 2.5 --- Theory towards the pathology of AD --- p.30
Chapter Chapter 3 --- ApoE genotyping --- p.32
Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.32
Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.32
Chapter 3.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.33
Chapter 3.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.34
Chapter 3.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.35
Chapter 3.3 --- Results --- p.35
Chapter 3.. --- Discussion --- p.38
Chapter Chapter 4 --- IL-1β polymorphism in relation to the risk of ADin Chinese --- p.39
Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.39
Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.44
Chapter 4.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.44
Chapter 4.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.44
Chapter 4.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.44
Chapter 4.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.48
Chapter 4.3 --- Results --- p.48
Chapter 4.4 --- Discussion --- p.53
Chapter Chapter 5 --- TNFα polymorphism in relation to the risk of ADin Chinese --- p.63
Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.63
Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.66
Chapter 5.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.66
Chapter 5.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.66
Chapter 5.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.66
Chapter 5.2.4 --- Haplotype determination --- p.70
Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.70
Chapter 5.3 --- Results --- p.70
Chapter 5.4 --- Discussion --- p.75
Chapter Chapter 6 --- LRP8 polymorphism in relation to the risk of ADin Chinese --- p.81
Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.81
Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods --- p.87
Chapter 6.2.1 --- Patients and control subjects --- p.87
Chapter 6.2.2 --- Blood sampling --- p.87
Chapter 6.2.3 --- DNA genotyping --- p.87
Chapter 6.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.89
Chapter 6.3 --- Results --- p.91
Chapter 6.4 --- Discussion --- p.98
Chapter Chapter 7 --- Conclusions and prospects for future work --- p.102
Chapter 7.1 --- Conclusion --- p.102
Chapter 7.2 --- Prospects for future work --- p.105
Reference --- p.106
Shen, Hsin-Ju, and 沈欣儒. "Mechanisms involved in extracellular matrix-mediated regulation of immune-related genes in mammary epithelial cells." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11979637892253563016.
Повний текст джерела中山醫學大學
微生物免疫研究所
103
In mammary glands, epithelial cells contact basement membrane (BM) to form glandular structures with a central lumen. In vitro cultures of mammary cells on Matrigel display this morphology. By contrast, cells cultured on tissue culture plastic form monolayers. Owing to the importance of the microenvironment, we compared gene expression in cells cultured on plastic and Matrigel. Many immune-related genes, including complement component 3 (C3), lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CD14, growth arrest-specific 6 (GAS6) and milk fat globule-EGF factor 8 (MFG-E8) were upregulated in cells cultured on BM. We speculate that these genes play a role in lumen formation in mammary acini since cell death and the subsequent clearance of the corpses are essential to establish this tissue architecture. Here we have confirmed our microarray data and found that kinetics of gene expression parallels with that of lumen formation, suggesting that these genes might have a role in luminal clearance of the mammary gland. In addition to substratum type, substratum rigidity, cell shape or their related signaling pathways (Rho/Rac pathways) differentially influence the expression of immune-related genes. Necroptosis positively regulates the expression of these genes since inhibition of cathepsin blocks gene expression and lumen formation. Thus, extracellular matrix might control tissue architecture via modulation of immune-related genes.
Lin, Wen-Fu, and 林文福. "Study on Short-form Progranulin 2 (PGRN2) of Nile Tilapia Modulates Innate Immune-related Genes against Streptococcus." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/73453451471018240859.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
104
Progranulins (PGRN) is a multifunctional growth factor that regulate cell proliferation, cell survival, tumorigenesis, inflammation, embryonic development, and tissue repair. When organisms are injured or infected, PGRN can be digested into granulin units (GRN) by elastases. GRN units have the function of innate immunity regulation. We had isolated several types of tilapia PGRN genes, PGRN1 and PGRN2, which encode 206 and 199 amino acids composed of two GRN units, respectively. In this study, we isolated one OnPGRN2 gene from Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). OnPGRN2 was abundantly expressed in spleen and head kidney of male and female adult Nile tilapia. Intraperitoneal injection with S. iniae can induce OnPGRN2 mRNA expression in Nile tilapia. We used Tol2 transposon system to establish two transgenic zebrafish lines expressing different levels of secretory OnPGRN2 (OnPGRN2-S, OnPGRN2-W) by muscle-specific promoter. Expressions of innate immune-related genes had no significant difference in OnPGRN2 transgenic zebrafish lines. Upon intraperitoneal injection with S. agalactiae, the survival rate was enhanced in OnPGRN2-S transgenic zebrafish line, and the relative survival rate was 40%. Pro-inflammatory genes of OnPGRN2 transgenic zebrafish lines were highly activated after challenge with S. agalactiae. It suggests OnPGRN2-S can activate pro-inflammatory factors including TNFa, IL-6, COX-2a at 24 hpi to enhance innate immunity against bacterial pathogen. We detected mRNA expressions of OnPGRN2 and 2.6 kb upstream sequences in two Nile tilapia strains, NT1 and NT2. OnPGRN2 mRNA expression in NT1 which is resistant strain was higher than NT2 which is sensitive strain to Streptococcus, and five immune-related transcription factor binding sites were identified to bear sequence variations between two strains. The relationship between OnPGRN2 promoter sequence and expression will be further investigated. OnPGRN2 gene will be a novel molecular marker for marker-assisted selection of disease-resistant Nile tilapia.
Wu, Chia-Eng, and 吳佳恩. "Exploration of global immune-related genes of human somatic cells, pluripotent stem cells and their differentiated derivatives." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fe8frx.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
免疫學研究所
105
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs), including embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced PSCs (iPSCs), represent a potentially unlimited cell sources for clinical applications. hESCs are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the early stage human blastocyst. The iPSCs are reprogrammed from somatic cells to pluripotent cells by transduction of the factors Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Previous studies have suggested that hPSCs may benefit from immune privilege and limited immunogenicity reflected by the reduced expression of major histocompatibility complex class (MHC)-related molecules. However, the immunogenicity of PSCs is still controversial. Some evidence shows that PSCs do activate immune response in immunocompetent mice. Moreover, before the application of hPSCs for clinical application, the most important issue is the immunogenicity of cells derived from PSCs. Here, we investigated the global immune-related gene expression profiles of hESCs, hiPSCs and somatic cells, and identified candidate immune-related genes that may alter their immunogenicity. The expression levels of global immune-related genes were determined by comparing undifferentiated and differentiated stem cells and in three types of human somatic cells: dermal papilla cells, ovarian granulosa cells, and foreskin fibroblast cells. We identified the differentially-expressed genes CD24, GATA3, PROM1, THBS2, LY96, IFIT3, CXCR4, IL1R1, FGFR3, IDO1, and KDR which overlapped with selected immune-related gene lists. Among these genes, CD24, PROM1, FGFR3, IDO1 and KDR were consistently significant upregulated, and LY96, IFIT3 and IL1R1 were consistently significant downregulated in undifferentiated stem cells compared with somatic cells. The genes GATA3, CXCR4, PROM1, FGFR3 and KDR were consistently upregulated, and only THBS2 was uniformly downregulated in 15-day differentiated stem cells compared with somatic cells. The mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR) signaling pathway has been identified as a key mediator of human immunity and has been leveraged as a therapeutic strategy in tissue transplantation by using rapamycin. In further analyses, mTOR signaling was investigated in the differentiated stem cells following treatment with rapamycin. We found that the inhibition of mTOR signal pathways significantly downregulated immunogenicity of differentiated stem cells. CD24 expression was significantly reduced by rapamycin treatment in the differentiated stem cells. The data indicated mTOR pathway regulated CD24 in stem cell derivatives. Furthermore, reduced expression of CD24 and GATA3 by lentiviral transduction with specific shRNAs in stem cell derivatives leaded to differential regulation of multiple immune-related genes. We also tested the immune responses induced by differentiated stem cells by mixed lymphocyte reactions. We found that CD24- and GATA3-deficient differentiated stem cells including neural lineage cells had limited abilities to activate human lymphocytes. By analyzing the transcriptome signature of immune-related genes, we showed a tendency of the hPSCs to differentiate toward an immune cell phenotype. Taken together these data indicated candidate immune-related genes, in our case, CD24 and GATA3 that might constitute a valuable target for clinical applications.
Soza, Ried Jorge [Verfasser]. "Transcriptome analysis identifies stem cells and immune related genes in the cnidarian Hydractinia echinata / presented by Jorge Soza Ried." 2009. http://d-nb.info/995810060/34.
Повний текст джерелаWang, Yu-Chi, and 王瑜琦. "Expression of Immune-Related Genes in the Pacific White Shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei and Their odulation by beta-glucan via Oral Administration." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c3jkc3.
Повний текст джерела國立中山大學
海洋生物研究所
95
The present study investigated the expression profiles of nine genes involved in immune defense of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and their responses to oral administration of beta-1,3-glucan. The nine immune related genes were beta-glucan binding protein-high density lipoprotein (BGBP-HDL), lipopolysaccharide/beta-glucan binding protein (LGBP), hemocyanin, prophenoloxidase (proPO), transglutaminase (TGase), penaeidin-3 (PEN-3), crustin, cytosolic manganese superoxide dismutase (cMnSOD), and lysozyme. A series of experiments were carried out in the study including: (1) cDNA cloning and characterization of proPO and LGBP; (2) tissue mRNA expressions of the nine genes in adult shrimp; (3) expression and localization of the nine genes during larval and postlarval ontogenic development; (4) the effects of dietary beta-1,3-glucan on the expression of the nine genes. The cDNA cloning study showed that the proPO cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2061 bp and encodes a 686 amino-acid peptide. The protein sequence of the proPO has a similarity of 85% with those of Penaeus monodon and P. semisulcatus and has an identity of between 58 and 77% with other crustaceans. Northern blot analysis revealed that proPO was constitutively expressed mainly in hemocytes. Its transcripts were observed in hemocytes and many other tissues when detected with RT-PCR. The results of in situ hybridizations showed that the hemocytes that infiltrated in tissues were responsible for the positive signals. The LGBP cDNA contains an open reading frame of 1104 bp and encodes a 367 amino-acid protein with a 17 a. a. signal peptide. The protein sequence of the LGBP has a similarity of 97% with LGBP of L. stylirostris, >90% identity with BGBP of P. monodon and LGBP of Fenneropenaeus chinensis and has an identity of between 63 and 86% with other crustaceans. Northern blot analysis revealed that LGBP was constitutively expressed mainly in hepatopancreas. The results of in situ hybridizations showed that the hepatopancreatic F cells might be the major cell type for LGBP production. Using the complete cDNAs of proPO and LGBP and partial fragments of the other seven genes, their tissue expressions were analyzed by conventional RT-PCR, quantitative real time PCR (qPCR) and in situ hybridization. The results demonstrated that BGBP-HDL, LGBP and hemocyanin were mainly expressed in the hepatopancreas and their expressions levels were about 10 to 30% those of
Rahmawaty, Atiek, and 藍雅媂. "The Effects of an Organophosphorus Insecticide, Trichlorfon on the Immunological Responses and Immune Related Genes of Giant Freshwater Prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05507639340280904237.
Повний текст джерела國立屏東科技大學
水產養殖系所
101
Trichlorfon is an organophosphorous pesticide and has been used in agriculture as a pesticide and as a human medicine to combat internal parasites. It is also use as an ectoparasiticide in the livestock and aquaculture industries, which was pollutant to prawn industry. Thus, the aim of this study is to assessed the effects of trichlorfon during short-term exposure in immunological responses, immune related genes expressions and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity of the giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii at 0, 0.2, 0.4 mg L-1 for 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hrs, respectively. Total hemocyte count (THC), differential hemocyte count (DHC), respiratory burst activity, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, glutathion peroxidase (GPx) activity, transglutaminase (TGase) activity, and clotting time of hemocytes were conducted to assessed the immunological responses. The results showed that THC increased after 12 and 24 hrs exposed of trichlorfon at both concentration. DHC showed that Granular cells value increased and Hyaline cells reduced whereas PO activity increased at 6 and 12 hrs under 0.2 mg L-1 TRF. SOD activity increased at 3, 12, and 24 hrs for 0.2 mg L-1 TRF treatment and at 6 and 12 hrs for 0.4 mg L-1 TRF whereas, GPx activity decreased in under exposed of time-dependent in both TRF concentration compared with control. Production of respiratory burst increased generally after 12-24 hrs exposed trichlorfon at both concentration compared to the control. TGase activity and clotting showed TGase activity reduced whereas clotting time of hemocytes increased were indicates that coagulation system inhibited. The potential biomarker of organophosphorous pesticide, AChE revealed significant decreases after exposing for six hours, and showed a concentration-dependent tendency. Immune related genes expressions including PO, LGBP, peroxinectin, α2-macroglubulin, transglutaminase, Cu,Zn-SOD, and GPx of the prawn were also carried in the evaluation. All the immune genes expression decreased significantly when the prawn exposed to 0.4 mg L-1 for 24 hours. The prawn exposed to trichlorfon for short-term not only decrease the circulating hemocyte, but also induced the oxidative stress, which caused the subsequent damage to DNA formation of the immune genes. These concluded that the immunological responses and immune genes expressions of the prawn exposed to trichlorfon at concentration 0.4 mg L-1 for 24 hour were perturbed and then caused the deficiency of immunity and the increase of susceptibility to pathogens infection subsequently.
Wu, Pei-Hsuan, and 吳姵萱. "Effects of ten kinds of Chinese herbs on immune-related genes expression and anti-GIV activities in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides)." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/u676vq.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣海洋大學
水產養殖學系
104
In this study, we explore the effects of ten kinds of Chinese herbal medicine (Si-Jun-Zi Decoction, Paeonia lactiflora, Epimedium sagittatum, Lycium barbarum, Polygonatum odoratum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Fallopia multiflora, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Ligustrum lucidum, Poria cocos) induced immune-related genes expression and GIV resistant of Epinephelus coioides. Frist, we used different concentration of Chinese herbal medicine to treat grouper kidney cell. Observation cytotoxic of cells and analyzed the immune-related genes expression. In addition, fish were fed diets containing 4% Chinese herbal medicine for 30 days. To analyzed effect of immune-related genes expression and against GIV infection. Results of this study showed that extract of Paeonia lactiflora, Epimedium sagittatum, Lycium barbarum, Rehmannia glutinosa, Fallopia multiflora and Poria cocos treatment grouper kidney cell, induced immune-related genes such as IL-6 and IL-1β was significantly up-regulated, and TNF-α was not significantly up-regulated. Results of feeding Epinephelus coioides with Chinese herbal medicines supplementation diet the IL-6, TNF-α, Mx, IL-1β and IgM gene in the head kidney was significantly expression higher in the group Paeonia lactiflora, Epimedium sagittatum, Lycium barbarum and Fallopia multiflora then in the control. Challenged with GIV, the survival rate was significantly higher in the group Si-Jun-Zi Decoction, Paeonia lactiflora, Epimedium sagittatum, Lycium barbarum, Fallopia multiflora and Rehmannia glutinosa then in the control. However, use grouper kidney cell selected Chinese herbal medicine was inaccuracy. In this study, six kind of Chinese herbal medicines could promote the immune ability in group, which suggested that these herbs are potential immune-stimulant and vaccine adjuvant for aquaculture.
Hu, Yee-Tung, and 胡益通. "Expression profiling of sodium butyrate-treated Apis mellifera: Identification of regulation of genes related to immune, memory and detoxification by sodium butyrate." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68754456885553717716.
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