Дисертації з теми "Immune Impact"
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Warnatsch, Annika. "Impact of proteasomal immune adaptation on the early immune response to viral infection." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16775.
Повний текст джерелаAn efficient immune control of virus infection is predominantly mediated by CD8+ T cells which patrol through the body and eliminate infected cells. Infected cells are recognized when they present viral antigenic peptides on their surface via MHC class I molecules. To make antigenic peptides available for loading on MHC class I complexes, the ubiquitin proteasome system plays a crucial role. Moreover, the induction of the i-proteasome is known to support the generation of MHC class I ligands. Recently, new functions of the i-proteasome have been discovered. Evidence is increasing that the i-proteasome is involved in the protection of cells against oxidative stress. Within this thesis the characteristic of the i-proteasome to protect cells against the accumulation of oxidant-damaged proteins could be linked to its role in improving the generation of MHC class I ligands. It could be demonstrated that during a virus infection in non-immune cells the production of reactive oxygen species by the alternative NADPH oxidase Nox4 is of critical importance resulting in the accumulation of potentially toxic oxidant-damaged proteins. Indeed, within two hours of infection structural virus proteins were oxidized and subsequently poly-ubiquitylated. The concomitant formation of i-proteasomes led to a rapid and efficient degradation of ubiquitylated virus antigens thereby improving the liberation of immunodominant viral epitopes. In conclusion, a so far unknown mechanism to fuel proteasomal substrates into the MHC class I antigen presentation pathway has been revealed. A new protein pool consisting of exogenously delivered viral proteins provides proteasomal substrates in the very early phase of a virus infection. Within the scope of this thesis the i-proteasome has been shown to link the protection against oxidative stress, initiated directly by pathogen recognition, with the generation of antigenic peptides. Together, an effective adaptive immune response is triggered.
Kühl, Thomas. "Pathogenic impact of immune-related cells in Batten disease." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pathogenic-impact-of-immunerelated-cells-in-batten-disease(ff86b71b-e859-4d91-a378-421eab71ae97).html.
Повний текст джерелаPost, Frank A. "Mycobacterial strain diversity : impact on the host immune response." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2717.
Повний текст джерелаZhao, Wei. "Impact of the innate immune response on mammary epithelia." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.
Знайти повний текст джерелаDaniłowicz-Luebert, Emilia. "Impact of helminths and helminth products on immune responses." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16683.
Повний текст джерелаHelminth infections induce protective type 2 (Th2) immune responses in the host leading to arrested larval development and/or intestinal worm expulsion. Moreover, Th2 immune responses are initiated against harmless environmental allergens and mediate development of allergic disease. Among multiple mechanisms implicated in host responses to parasites and allergens, mast cells (MCs) play a pivotal role. The present study shows that MC-deficient mouse strains following infection with two gastrointestinal helminths had dramatically reduced early production of the tissue-derived cytokines IL-25, IL-33, and TSLP, which resulted in impaired induction of Th2 immune responses as well as increased parasite burden. These parameters were restored after transfer of WT bone marrow. These data reveal an important role for MCs in orchestrating type 2 immune responses. Parasites have developed various strategies to modulate the immune system via induction of a range of regulatory mechanisms. In this study AvCystatin, the filarial cysteine inhibitor, was found to inhibit airway inflammation and hyperreactivity induced by a clinically relevant allergen of timothy grass pollen (Phl p 5b). AvCystatin increased levels of the regulatory cytokine IL-10 and total numbers of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cells. The immunomodulatory effect in vivo was found to be independent of AvCystatin’s protease inhibitor activity or oligomerization. Finally, AvCystatin suppressed allergen-specific production of IL-13 and created a shift towards Th1 immunity by increased levels IFN-gamma of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from grass pollen allergic patients. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the early events that dictate the priming of type 2 immune responses. Furthermore, helminth product-induced suppression may also have effects on bystander responses to unrelated antigens, thus, suggesting a promising preventive and therapeutic concept in the treatment of aberrant inflammations.
Blaimer, Stephanie [Verfasser], and Edward K. [Akademischer Betreuer] Geissler. "Impact of innate and adaptive immune cells in tumor immune surveillance / Stephanie Blaimer ; Betreuer: Edward K. Geissler." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1210729202/34.
Повний текст джерелаBanerjee, Piu. "Immune mechanisms in atopic eczema and the impact of therapy." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391635.
Повний текст джерелаPike, Lewis James. "Salmonella vaccines : the impact of antigenic location on immune responses." Thesis, University of York, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313867.
Повний текст джерелаWeaver, Wade G. "Impact of VHSV M Protein on the Innate Immune System." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1481191320713471.
Повний текст джерелаHowells, Anwen. "The impact of innate immune cells on immunopathology in dengue." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0a251372-4d0e-416d-ad3c-8e07e6729e1b.
Повний текст джерелаSchlundt, Claudia. "Impact of the adaptive immune system in bone fracture healing." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18195.
Повний текст джерелаBone tissue possesses the remarkable capacity to fully regenerate after injury. However, in 10-15% of patients, unsuccessful bone repair is still a present problem. Components of the adaptive immune system play an indispensable role in bone regeneration. The here presented PhD thesis focused on the interaction of CD4+ regulatory T cells (Treg) during fracture healing. In a murine osteotomy model, the spatiotemporal distribution of immune and bone cells was analyzed within the healing bone. Cells of the immune system were detectable throughout the whole healing cascade in the injured area und showed often a direct co-localization with bone cells. These results highlight the interconnectivity of immune and bone cells during regeneration. By adoptive transfer of murine CD4+ Treg prior to osteotomy, an immunomodulatory approach to improve bone healing was conducted. Mice possessing an unexperienced immune system (SPF housing) showed a consistent improved healing outcome after adoptive Treg transfer. However, mice with a more experienced immune system (semi-sterile housing) receiving an adoptive Treg transfer demonstrated a controversial healing outcome: half of the mice showed a significantly improved and the other half a significantly poorer healing outcome. In the mice with a poorer healing outcome, a higher ratio of CD8+ effector T cells and Treg was observed. In a following proof of concept study, a pre-osteotomy defined ratio of CD8+ effector T cells and Treg could predict the healing outcome after adoptive Treg transfer and osteotomy. A potential positive impact of Treg in bone repair was confirmed in this study. However, the tremendous impact of the environment and thereby of the immune status prior to immunomo-dulation was also clearly demonstrated. Hence, for the clinic, it is even more important to develop and to apply patient based immunomodulatory treatment approaches considering the individual immune status of each patient prior to treatment.
Anwar, S. "Impact of helminth infection on antimycobacterial immune responses in UK migrants." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2017. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/4398419/.
Повний текст джерелаLascar, R. M. "Impact of human immunodeficiency virus on hepatitis B-specific immune responses." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1445941/.
Повний текст джерелаBurton, Catherine Teresa. "The impact of treatment strategies on immune responses in HIV-1 infection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407980.
Повний текст джерелаBartlett, David B. "Impact of physical activity on immune function and inflammation in the elderly." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5003/.
Повний текст джерелаWarnatsch, Annika [Verfasser], Richard [Akademischer Betreuer] Lucius, Hartmut [Akademischer Betreuer] Hengel, and Elke [Akademischer Betreuer] Krueger. "Impact of proteasomal immune adaptation on the early immune response to viral infection / Annika Warnatsch. Gutachter: Richard Lucius ; Hartmut Hengel ; Elke Krueger." Berlin : Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1037389131/34.
Повний текст джерелаBarry, Julianne Cecile. "Immune cell phenotype and function : impact of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and exercise." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/64071.
Повний текст джерелаMcCabe, R. H. "Towards a predictive model for pollutant impact on marine invertebrate cellular immune function." Thesis, Swansea University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.638040.
Повний текст джерелаNeal, Stephanie Mary. "Adoptively transferred maternal colostral cells impact immune status and development in dairy calves." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51629.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Park, Myeongseon. "Dissecting the impact of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on host immune response." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/97565.
Повний текст джерелаPHD
Hellgren, Sofie. "Impact of cryopreservation and characterization of peripheral blood mononuclear cells and subsets in healthy donors by multicolor flow cytometry analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413035.
Повний текст джерелаLira, Pedro Israel Cabral de. "Impact of zinc supplementation on the morbidity and growth of low birthweight infants in northeast Brazil." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321777.
Повний текст джерелаRichey, Gary K. "The Impact of Psychosocial Variables on Immune System Functioning in a Sample of HIV-Positive Males." DigitalCommons@USU, 1992. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6062.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Xi-Yang. "Studies on the impact of probiotic bacteria on enteric microbial diversity and immune response." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20061205.102712/index.html.
Повний текст джерелаNóbrega, Cláudia Rubina Freitas Pereira de. "Infection of the thymus by micobacteria: potential impact on the immune response to infection." Doctoral thesis, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/19397.
Повний текст джерелаNóbrega, Cláudia Rubina Freitas Pereira de. "Infection of the thymus by micobacteria: potential impact on the immune response to infection." Tese, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/19397.
Повний текст джерелаPieper, Natalia [Verfasser], та Annette [Akademischer Betreuer] Paschen. "Impact of IFN-γ resistance & MAPK inhibition on the immune surveillance of malignant melanoma - relevance for immune-based therapies / Natalia Pieper ; Betreuer: Annette Paschen". Duisburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1201274095/34.
Повний текст джерелаNguyen, Trang Van. "Rotavirus vaccines and impact of maternal antibodies and cytokines on neonatal immune responses in swine." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1124135253.
Повний текст джерелаTitle from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxv, 449 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 376-449). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
Freund, Isabel [Verfasser], and Ralf [Akademischer Betreuer] Bartenschlager. "Impact of nucleotide modifications on immune stimulatory effects of RNA / Isabel Freund ; Betreuer: Ralf Bartenschlager." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1177044579/34.
Повний текст джерелаAssmus, Lisa Mareike [Verfasser]. "Impact of chronic liver inflammation on adaptive immune responses to viral infection / Lisa Mareike Assmus." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1229989099/34.
Повний текст джерелаUllah, Matti. "Immune Checkpoints in Peritoneal Carcinomatosis : HLA-G, PD-L1 & the Impact of Cancer Therapies." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS288.
Повний текст джерелаPeritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a term used for widespread metastatic dissemination of cancer to the peritoneal cavity. It is characterized by the accumulation of fluid called “ascites” and is considered a terminal stage of cancer, as it is hard to treat. The overall survival rate for untreated patients is six-months. However, owing to modern techniques like HIPEC, the survival rate can be increased up to five years. The ascites accumulated in PC, consists of tumor cells, cytokines and immune cells. Cancer cells express specific proteins to suppress immune cells activity and their attack, known as immune checkpoints. PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 are well established immune checkpoint pathways adapted by cancer in evading immunity. Recently, HLA-G has been recognized as an immune checkpoint and has been found to decrease overall survival in several types of solid cancers. We evaluated the expression of HLA-G in ascites from ovarian carcinomatosis. We found that HLA-G is expressed by cancer cells in ascites from all of the patients(n=16) with ovarian carcinomatosis. Moreover, increased levels of sHLA-G1 and HLA-G5 were found in ascites. This presence of sHLA-G isoforms was found to be positively correlated with Tregs and negatively correlated with cytotoxic T-cells (CD8) and NK-cells suggesting the role of HLA-G in immune suppression. Further, we found that ascites can induce the expression of HLA-G in “Hospicells” via inflammatory cytokines. Among the inflammatory cytokines, TGF-β and IL-1β are of crucial importance in HLA-G induction with IL-1β being more potent compared to TGF-β. Further, we found that IL-1β induces HLA-G expression through NF-κB pathway.In a separate cohort of peritoneal carcinomatosis(n=27), consisting of patients with cancer from a different origin, we found that cancer cell cluster in ascites (n=23) had a heterogeneous gene expression of PD-L1, CTLA-4 and HLA-G. Further, we found that all of the patients presented soluble levels of HLA-G in their ascites. However, one patient was negative for soluble PD-L1 and only 5 patients presented soluble CTLA-4 levels in their ascites. This heterogeneity explains why some of the patients respond to immune therapy while others don’t. This also suggests the need for prescreening patients before immune therapy. Moreover, we found a very strong positive correlation (rs=0.793) between gene level of PD-L1 and CTLA-4, while no correlation was found for HLA-G with PD-L1 and CTLA-4 suggesting that HLA-G acts independently of both the immune checkpoints. Also, we evaluated the expression of these immune checkpoints by cells in peritoneal tissue (n=20). We found low expression of HLA-G and PD-L1, but the majority of the samples were found strongly positive for sHLA-G presence. This sHLA-G can provide an immune-suppressive environment for the attachment of the cancer cell clusters to the peritoneal membrane to form cancer nodule. Additionally, we developed an in-vitro cytotoxicity assay to show that the ascites can provide the immune-suppressive action by interfering with immune cell interaction and delaying the lysis of cancer cells by the immune cells.In parallel, we found that the differentiation of the cancer cells results in increased expression of immune checkpoints like HLA-G or PD-L1. This may render these cells more immune resistant and can protect against immune attack. However, in-vivo mice model is needed to study the oncogenic potential of these differentiated cells. Further, we report that the expression of HLA-G and PD-L1 is dependent on the cell cycle phase. The cancer cells, if blocked in mitotic phase express high levels of HLA-G and PD-L1, while lowest expression was observed in G1-phase. Therefore, we suggest avoiding the use of mitotic inhibitors as it may increase the immune suppression of cancer. Moreover, as Ki-67 is directly related to the mitotic index, we suggest developing a Ki-67 scale to evaluate the immune-suppressive profile of cancer patients
Arakelian, Tsolère. "Impact of Targeting the Autophagy Related Gene Beclin 1 on the Immune Landscape of Melanoma." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS193.
Повний текст джерелаImmune Checkpoint Blockades (ICBs)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising treatment for melanoma patients; however only a small subset of patients reaps a long term benefit. One of the major challenges to enhance the efficacy and extend the benefit of ICBs to non-responder patients is to design innovative approaches allowing the switch of “immune desert cold tumors” to “immune infiltrated hot tumors" which are eligible for ICB-based therapies. Here, we investigated the impact of targeting the early autophagy gene Beclin1 on the immune landscape of B16-F10 melanoma tumors. We found that targeting Beclin1 (Becn1-) significantly inhibited B16-F10 tumor growth and increased the infiltration of CD45+ leukocytes into the tumor bed. Immune phenotyping revealed an increased infiltration of active Natural Killer (NK) cells, inflammatory and resident type 1 macrophages, dendritic cells, and active CD8+ T lymphocytes. The inhibition of Becn1- tumor growth was no longer observed by depleting host CD8+ T cells, thus highlighting their major role in the control of Becn1- B16-F10 tumor development. We showed that Beclin1-dependent regulation of the immune landscape was associated with profound modulation of the cytokine/chemokine network in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Importantly, we revealed that Becn1- tumors displayed an inflammatory cytokine signature (comprised, but not restricted to, CCL5, CXCL10 and IFNg) that could be responsible for the switch from cold non T-inflamed to hot T-inflamed tumors. Mechanistically, we reported that the overexpression of IFNg in Becn1- TME was responsible for the induction of Programed Death ligand-1 (PD-L1) on tumor cells through the activation of JAK/STATs pathway. Overall, this study highlights Beclin1 as a valuable target, able to drive immune effectors cells into the melanoma tumors by inducing an inflammatory signature. This study provides the proof of concept for combining drugs inhibiting early autophagy process along with ICBs as a cutting-edge approach to improve their efficacy
Sjöberg, Veronika. "Immune response of the small intestinal mucosa in children with celiac disease : impact of two environmental factors, resident microbiota and oats." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Klinisk immunologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-71030.
Повний текст джерелаGondorf, Fabian [Verfasser]. "Immune modulation by experimental filarial infection and its impact on E. coli-induced sepsis / Fabian Gondorf." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1080561307/34.
Повний текст джерелаRichards, Hannah Elizabeth. "Investigation of the impact of CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells on immune responses induced in vivo." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2007. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/54679/.
Повний текст джерелаIbbett, Paul. "The impact of systemic immune system activation on the retina : implications for age-related macular degeneration." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/418420/.
Повний текст джерелаOtt, Christopher Philip. "Impact of Dietary Beta-glucan Supplementation on Performance and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens During Challenge." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/75170.
Повний текст джерелаMaster of Science
Dungey, Maurice. "Exercise in haemodialysis patients : impact on markers of inflammation." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2015. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/17157.
Повний текст джерелаBalthazar, Monique Stephanie. "THE IMPACT OF POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS AND HEALTH BEHAVIORS ON THE IMMUNOLOGIC FUNCTION OF PEOPLES LIVING WITH HIV/AIDS IN A MIDWESTERN CITY." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1396649416.
Повний текст джерелаPovey, Sonia. "Eating for Resistance : The Impact of Macro-Nutrients on Immune Function and Pathogen Resistance in Spodoptera exempta." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.524768.
Повний текст джерелаHarre, Ulrike [Verfasser], and Falk [Akademischer Betreuer] Nimmerjahn. "The impact of IgG sialylation on the osteoclastogenic activity of immune complexes / Ulrike Harre. Gutachter: Falk Nimmerjahn." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2015. http://d-nb.info/1076399061/34.
Повний текст джерелаTsai, Ming-Han Chloe. "The impact of HLA-driven escape mutation on viral replicative capacity and immune control in HIV infection." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:398b1b9b-c8e8-49db-826d-cdbc915317a8.
Повний текст джерелаJuarez, Molina Claudia Ivette. "Population-specific HLA impact in immune control of HIV in Mexico and non-Mexican HIV infected cohorts." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:2a6242d2-91bf-4029-9067-a922cbf1d8e4.
Повний текст джерелаWanjiku, Samuel Mburu. "Impact of inflammation-induced oxidative stress on the integrity of immuno-haematopoietic cells and potential ameliorating interventions in an in vitro HIV model." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/95467.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Chronic inflammation and immune activation are hallmarks of HIV infection, resulting in chronic oxidative stress with over-utilization of antioxidant defences, which may contribute to the loss of immune cells and faster disease progression. Low levels of antioxidants in HIV- infected individuals have been associated with frequent opportunistic infections and an increased risk of mortality. HIV infection is also associated with on-going and aberrant activation of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. An important aspect of innate immune stimulation is derived from the leakage of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) across the damaged mucosal lining of the gut in early HIV infection. The impact of this innate immune stimulation on the adaptive arm of the immune system, as represented in this study by levels of CD4+ T-cell activation and death, have not been explored previously in untreated HIV infection. Using an integrated approach of immune activation, inflammation, oxidative stress and ameliorating antioxidant intervention for the first time, this thesis reports the impact of inflammatory induced-oxidative stress on CD4+ T-cells in an in vitro HIV model. In a preliminary study, baseline levels of neutrophil respiratory burst as an in vitro indication of immune stimulation were investigated. The relationships between baseline total antioxidant status (TAS), Red blood cell (RBC) antioxidant enzyme activities (catalase, superoxide dismutase & glutathione peroxidase), lipid peroxidation and glutathione redox ratio and other markers of disease in asymptomatic, untreated HIV infection were also explored. The design and optimization of an assay that could determine the effects of LPS-induced oxidative stress on CD4+ T-cells, was a critical part of this study. The development of this assay enabled the measurement of the effects of selected antioxidant interventions N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) and vitamin C, on LPS-induced CD4+ T-cell activation and death. The results were also correlated with CD4 count, viral load and markers of inflammation (fibrinogen & D-dimers) in HIV-infected and uninfected groups. Neutrophils from HIV-infected persons at rest showed a ―primed‖ response to low stimulating agent, bacterial N-formyl peptides (fMLP), which was significantly (P = 0.04) higher than uninfected individuals. There was increased oxidative stress as evidenced by increased catalase activity, malondialdehyde (MDA) and conjugated dienes (CDs) with a corresponding decrease in antioxidant capacity in HIV-infected individuals with lower CD4 count. NAC in combination with vitamin C, significantly (P = 0.0018) reduced activation of CD4+ T-cells to a greater degree than with either antioxidant alone. NAC and vitamin C individually and in combination significantly (P = 0.05, P = 0.012 and P<0.0001) decreased the expression of the markers of apoptosis, Annexin V and 7-amino-actinomycin (7-AAD). Importantly, the antioxidant combination decreased MDA values and significantly (P = 0.01) increased the glutathione redox ratio in the HIV-infected group. Based on these results, the respiratory burst and LPS-induced activation may be important contributing factors in inflammatory-associated oxidative stress in HIV infection and contribute to the depletion of CD4+ T-cells in the asymptomatic stage of HIV infection. These results also indicate the potential inhibitory effects of NAC and vitamin C in combination as agents that may limit immune activation and inflammation-induced oxidative stress. Importantly, the study showed that at this asymptomatic stage, CD4+ T-cells of the HIV-infected group responded similarly to stimulation as the HIV negative group, indicating that antioxidant defences were still functional and that appropriate early intervention at this stage may be protective against oxidative damage to the immune cells. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to use an integrated approach involving not only plasma levels of antioxidant status, but also RBC antioxidant enzyme activities, oxidative damage (lipid peroxidation), inflammation, cellular levels of immune activation and potential ameliorating interventions in evaluating the problem of inflammation-induced oxidative stress in HIV infection. Based on the results of this study, it is envisaged that an insight into the immune activation, inflammatory and oxidative stress status of patients will enable long-term profiling of each patient with a view to individualized therapy. This approach may have a direct impact on patient care in resource-limited settings such as sub-Saharan Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Chroniese inflammasie en immuunaktivering is kenmerke van MIV-infeksie. Dié twee prosesse lei tot chroniese oksidatiewe stres en oorbenutting van antioksidant verdedigingstelsels, wat lei tot die verlies van die immuun selle en vinniger siektevordering. Lae vlakke van antioksidante in MIV-positiewe individue stem ooreen met gereelde opportunistiese infeksies en 'n verhoogde risiko van mortaliteit. MIV-infeksie word ook geassosieer met langdurige en abnormale aktivering van beide die ingebore en aanpasbare immuunstelsels. 'n Belangrike aspek van ingebore immuun stimulasie in die raamwerk van vroeë MIV-infeksie, is die lekkasie van LPS oor die beskadigde slymvlies voering van die dunderm. Die impak van die ingebore immuun stimulasie op die aanpasbare arm van die immuunstelsel, soos aangetoon in hierdie studie deur die vlakke van CD4 T-sel aktivering en apoptose, is nog nie voorheen ondersoek in onbehandelde MIV-infeksie nie. Met behulp van 'n oorspronklike, geïntegreerde benadering van immuun aktivering, inflammasie, oksidatiewe stres en 'n lae vlak van antioksidant intervensie, lewer hierdie tesis verslag oor 'n in vitro model van inflammasie-geïnduseerde oksidatiewe stres op CD4 T-selle. In 'n voorlopige studie, is basislyn vlakke van die neutrofiel respiratoriese uitbarsting as 'n in vitro aanduiding van immuunstimulasie ondersoek. Die verhoudinge tussen basislyn totale antioksidant status (TAS), rooi bloed sel (RBC) antioksidant ensiemaktiwiteit (katalase, superoksied dismutase, en glutatioon peroksidase), lipied peroksidasie en glutatioon redoks-verhouding, asook ander merkers van siektevordering in asimptomatiese, onbehandelde MIV-infeksie is ook ondersoek. Die ontwerp en optimisering van 'n toets wat die effek van LPS-geïnduseerde oksidatiewe stres op CD4 T-selle kan bepaal, was 'n kritieke deel van hierdie studie. Die ontwikkeling van hierdie toets het ook die meting van die effek van toevoeging van twee geselekteerde anti-oksidante, N-asetiel sisteïen (NAC) en vitamien C, op LPS-geïnduseerde CD4 T-sel aktivering en apoptose ondersoek. Die resultate is ook gekorreleer met CD4-telling, virale lading en merkers van inflammasie (fibrinogeen en D-dimere) in groepe met en sonder MIV-infeksie. Neutrofiele van asimptomatiese persone met MIV infeksie, het 'n 'voorbereide' reaksie gehad teen ‗n lae stimulerende agent, bakteriële N-formiel peptied (fMLP), wat beduidend (P = 0,04) hoër was as in individue sonder MIV infeksie. Daar was verhoogde oksidatiewe stres soos bewys deur verhoogde katalase aktiwiteit, malondialdehied (MDA) en gekonjugeerde diëne (CDs), saam met 'n ooreenstemmende afname in anti-oksidant kapasiteit in MIV-positiewe individue met laer CD4-tellings. NAC in kombinasie met vitamien C, het die aktivering van CD4 T-selle beduidend verminder (P = 0,0018), 'n effek wat groter was in vergelyking met elke antioksidant alleen. NAC en vitamien C alleen, en in kombinasie het beduidend die uitdrukking van die merkers van apoptose, Annexin V en 7-AAD verminder (P = 0,05, P = 0.012 en P<0,0001). Wat belangrik is, is dat die afname in MDA waardes as gevolg van antioksidante in kombinasie, 'n beduidende styging in die glutatioon redoks verhouding in die MIV-positiewe groep tot gevolg gehad het. Hierdie resultate het aangetoon dat die respiratoriese uitbarsting en LPS-geïnduseerde aktivering belangrike bydraende faktore mag wees in inflammasie-verwante oksidatiewe stres in MIV-infeksie, wat kan bydra tot die uitputting van CD4 T-selle in die asimptomatiese stadium van MIV-infeksie. Hierdie resultate dui ook aan dat die moontlike inhiberende effekte van NAC en vitamien C in kombinasie, immuun aktivering en geïnduseerde oksidatiewe stres kan beperk. Van belang is die feit dat hierdie studie bewys het dat in die asimptomatiese stadium van MIV-infeksie, CD4 T-selle weens stimulasie dieselfde gereageer het as dié van mense sonder MIV infeksie. Dit het aangedui dat antioksidant verdediging in hierdie stadium nog funksioneel was, en dat 'n toepaslike vroeë intervensie op hierdie stadium beskermend teen immuun-sel oksidatiewe skade kan wees. Tot die beste van ons kennis, is hierdie studie die eerste om 'n geïntegreerde benadering te gebruik, waar plasma vlakke van antioksidant status saam met RBC antioksidant ensiemaktiwiteit, oksidatiewe skade (lipied peroksiidasie), inflammasie, sellulêre vlakke van immuunaktivering, en potensiële beskermende ingrypings ondersoek is in die evaluering van die probleem van oksidatiewe stres in MIV-infeksie wat tot inflammasie lei. Gebaseer op dié resultate, word dit in die vooruitsig gestel dat 'n insig in die status van immuunaktivering, inflammasie, en oksidatiewe stress van pasiënte, dit moontlik sal maak vir langtermyn- beplanning om vir elke pasiënt individuele terapie voor te skryf. Hierdie benadering kan 'n direkte impak op die sorg van pasiënte in hulpbron-beperkte gebiede soos sub-Sahara Afrika hê.
Mays, Jacqueline Wiesehan. "Psychosocial stress modulation of the murine anti-viral immune response during a primary influenza infection and the impact on immunologic memory." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1241712390.
Повний текст джерелаChachage, Mkunde Seithy [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Hoelscher. "Immune system modulation by infections with Helminths and HIV-1 : Impact on pathogen-specific T cellresponses, regulatory T cells and systemic immune activation / Mkunde Seithy Chachage. Betreuer: Michael Hoelscher." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1049393228/34.
Повний текст джерелаGroh, Janos [Verfasser], and Rudolf [Akademischer Betreuer] Martini. "Pathogenic impact of immune cells in mouse models of neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis / Janos Michael Groh. Betreuer: Rudolf Martini." Würzburg : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Würzburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/103768785X/34.
Повний текст джерелаSam, Leila. "Impact of Parkinson’s Disease- Linked- Lrrk2 Mutation (Lrrk2G2019S) on the Innate Immune Response During Infection with Listeria Monocytogenes." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/41190.
Повний текст джерелаHatmi, Saloua. "Impact du déficit hydrique sur les réponses de défense et la sensibilité de la vigne à Botrytis cinerea : rôle de la dégradation des polyamines." Thesis, Reims, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013REIMS035.
Повний текст джерелаGrapevine is often exposed to both biotic and abiotic stresses, and it will optimize defense strategies by favoing sometimes the cross-talk between adaptive responses to abiotic stress and immune response against pathogen challenge. In this study we evaluated the effect of water stress (by withholding water) on different adaptive responses, and also on defense responses and sensitivity of grapevine leaves or berries to Botrytis cinerea. These reactions were monitored using vegetative cuttings of two varieties: Meski (MSK) a drought tolerant cultivar and Chardonnay (CHR) as a sensitive one. The relationship between the responses to water stress and the immune response was also assessed using detached leaves from vitroplantlets and detached ripe berries from Chardonnay exposed to osmotic agents: polyethlene glycole (PEG) and a high concentration of sucrose (SUC). The results show that water/osmotic stress leads to significant physiological and biochemical changes in grapevine leaves and ripe berries. The improved tolerance of MSK to drought is associated with a weak inhibition of photosynthetic activity, altered amino acid profile and an activation of polyamine (PA) catabolism, compared to the sensitive plant CHR. These results suggest a potential role of metabolic deviations observed in the process of osmotic stress olerance. MSK tolerance to water deficit is also correlated with a strong induction of defense responses, such as accumulation of resveratrol and e-viniferin, enhanced expression of defense-related genes, including STS , Gluc (PR-2), Chit-4c (PR-3) and PR-5, and a low susceptibility of leaves to B. cinerea. These results suggest a close connection between water stress tolerance and the ability of grapevine to express more their defense mechanisms and then to resist better to the pathogen B. cinerea. Pharmacological experiments showed that experiencing water/osmotic stress, PA oxidation through diamine- and PA-oxidases is involved in the regulation of PA homeostasis and the expression of defense reactions in both leaves and berries. The application of osmotic stress before leaf infection by B. cinerea potentiates PA accumulation probably by reducing PA degradation. These effects are correlated with a reduction of defense responses after B. cinerea infection, as well as to an increased susceptibility to B. cinerea.These results highlight (1) the importance of abiotic stress in regulating the immune response in grapevine plants and resistance to B. cinerea and (2) that the level of defense responses induced by osmotic and the resistance of grapevine to the pathogen are dependent, at least in part, on some adaptive mechanisms to stress, as it is the case here for polyamine degradation pathways
Beckett, Amy Elizabeth. "Defining the impact of colonisation with Shiga toxin positive E. coli O157 on adaptive immunity in cattle." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/33097.
Повний текст джерела