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1
BURVILL, P. W. "Migrant suicide rates in Australia and in country of birth." Psychological Medicine 28, no. 1 (January 1998): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291797005850.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background. Various studies from Australia, Canada and the United States have shown significant rank correlations between the suicide rates of immigrants and those of their country of birth (COB). This study compares the rank ordering of age standardized suicide rates of immigrants in Australia for two periods, 1961–70 and 1979–90: (a) between each period; and (b) with their COB for each period.Methods. Data were obtained from the World Health Organization Annual Statistics and from the Australian Bureau of Statistics. Comparisons were made for 11 countries from England and Wales, Ireland and Europe, for which there was a sufficiently large number of immigrant suicides to warrant statistical analysis.Results. The data showed considerable heterogeneity in rates of immigrants from various countries, with increased rates in Australia compared with their COB. There were consistently significant Spearman rank correlations between the rates after immigration and those in their COB for each period, and between rates in the two periods for both immigrants and for their COB, despite increases in suicide rates, and considerable socio-economic demographic changes between the various countries over that time span.Conclusions. The findings are used to argue two conclusions: (i) the important influence of pre-migrant social and cultural experiences in subsequent suicide rates in immigrants in their host country; and (ii) to support the case for the reliability of using international suicide data for comparative epidemiological research.
2
Haines, Robin, Margrette Kleinig, Deborah Oxley, and Eric Richards. "Migration and Opportunity: An Antipodean Perspective." International Review of Social History 43, no. 2 (August 1998): 235–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859098000121.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Australian data can reflect on British questions, about the quality of immigrant labour, and the opportunities gained by migrating, in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Three case studies are presented. The first uses quantitative methods and convict transportation records to argue that Ireland suffered a “brain drain” when Britain industrialized, siphoning off the cream of its workers to England and some, eventually, to Australia. Drawing on an entirely different type of data, the second study reaches strikingly similar positive conclusions about the qualities of Australia's early assisted immigrants: three splendidly visible immigrants stand for the tens of thousands of people who sailed out of urban and rural Britain to the distant colonies. A no less optimistic view of Australia's immigrants half a century later is demonstrated in the third case study on female domestic servants. Often referred to as the submerged stratum of the workforce, the most oppressed and the least skilled, the label “domestic servant” obscured a wide range of internal distinctions of rank and experience, and too often simply homogenized them into a sump of “surplus women”. This study helps to rescue the immigrant women from this fate and invests them with individuality and volition, offering the vision of the intercontinentally peripatetic domestic, piloting her way about the globe, taking advantage of colonial labour shortages to maximize her mobility and her family strategies. Best of all, these migrants emerge as individuals out of the mass, faces with names, people with agenda.
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Chu, Jou-juo. "The Settlement Experiences of Taiwanese Immigrants in Brisbane." Queensland Review 7, no. 1 (August 2000): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600002051.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this paper is to document and explore the findings of a survey carried out in Brisbane from 16 August to 15 September 1999, on the settlement experiences ofrecent Taiwanese immigrants, their motive for immigration and their perception of Australian society. Ethnic immigrants in advanced industrialized countries have long been depicted as passive and powerless individuals. In the past fifty years, this tendency to portray migrants as disadvantaged victims has remained largely intact. However, the new wave of immigrants that arrived in the late 1980s mostly came from economically affluent north-east Asian countries, particularly from Hong Kong and Taiwan. Many of these people were skilled or professionally qualified independent immigrants, and a large number of them were in fact entrepreneurs who brought capital and other economic resources. Therefore, their settlement experiences may not necessarily involve marginalisation and dependency, nor is it appropriate to argue that they would be potential victims of structural discrimination. This study of the settlement experiences of Taiwanese immigrants in Brisbane aims, firstly, to examine the forces that motivated Taiwanese citizens to immigrate to Australia. Secondly, it explores the social and occupational mobility of Taiwanese immigrants measured by the changes in their self-identified class location between Taiwan and Australia. Finally, it investigates the sense ofbelonging of Taiwanese immigrants, and their interactions with their home country.
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Fatmawati, Andi Muhammad Akmal, Andi Muh. Akhyar, Azwar, and Achmad Nasyori. "Determination of Islamic Month Start by Moonsighting Australia (Case Study: 1 Dzulhijah 1441)." Journal of Islamic Thought and Civilization 12, no. 2 (December 13, 2022): 225–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/jitc.122.16.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The determination of the Islamic calendar is paramount in Islam because it strongly relates to worship, like Ramadan fasting, eid-al-fitr, and zakat fitr. Many studies have examined young moon visibility criteria in many Muslim countries, such as Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Thailand, and Singapore. However, no study on the initiation of the Islamic month has been conducted in Australia, a Muslim-minority country with middle-eastern immigrants seeking jobs. One of Australia's most trusted organizations to announce the start of Hijri month is Moonsighting Australia. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the determination of the Islamic calendar by Moonsighting Australia organization based on factors such as method, matla, rukyat time, hilāl visibility, and resistors (1 Dzulhijjah 1441 H). A descriptive study with a qualitative approach used literature reviews, content analysis, and case studies. Primary data were taken from a decision letter from Moonsighting Australia about the start of Dzulhijjah 1441 H, interviews with the coordinator, and relevant references. The findings showed that Moonsighting Australia applies a rukyat method by the naked eye - without any optical aids and hilāl visibility criteria consideration - every 29th of Hijri month. Also, it tunes the concept of matla wilayat al hukmi, where the sighting process and result are implemented throughout Australia’s territory.
Keywords: Australia, Dzulhijjah, Hijri, Islamic Month, Moonsighting.
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Gabaccia, Donna R. "Global Geography of ‘Little Italy’: Italian Neighbourhoods in Comparative Perspective." Modern Italy 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940500489510.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Between 1870 and 1970 the migration of 26 million people from Italy produced an uneven geography of Little Italies worldwide. Migrants initially clustered residentially in many lands, and their festivals, businesses, monuments and practices of everyday life also attracted negative commentary everywhere. But neighbourhoods labelled as Little Italies came to exist almost exclusively in North America and Australia. Comparison of Italy's migrants in the three most important former ‘settler colonies’ of the British Empire (the USA, Canada, Australia) to other world regions suggests why this was the case. Little Italies were, to a considerable extent, the product of what Robert F. Harney termed the Italo-phobia of the English-speaking world. English-speakers’ understandings of race and their history of anti-Catholicism helped to create an ideological foundation for fixing foreignness upon urban spaces occupied by immigrants who seemed racially different from the earlier Anglo-Celtic and northern European settlers.
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Tcha, Sooyoung Sul, and Francis Lobo. "Analysis of constraints to sport and leisure participation—the case of Korean immigrants in Western Australia." World Leisure Journal 45, no. 3 (January 2003): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/04419057.2003.9674321.
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Plaut1, Pnina O., and Steven E. Plaut. "International Real Estate Review." International Real Estate Review 16, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 119–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100166.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The supply of rental housing is by and large provided by landlord households. Little is understood about the factors, beyond financial portfolio considerations, that affect the inclination of people or households to become landlords. Studies of the American rental market have pointed to differences across income, wealth, ethnicity, and education in the willingness to rent out residential property to others. Here, we examine the question for Israel. We find that income and wealth are positively associated with the inclination to be a landlord. Education has an effect in Israel in contrast to the US (and Australia). Human capital in Israel appears to complement with rental property capital, unlike the case for the US and Australia, where they appear to be substitutes. In most cases, rental property in Israel and housing capital in the landlord's primary residence appear to be complementary. Ethnic minorities and new immigrants are under-represented among landlords. For households who own rental property, the income from such rentals is empirically analyzed.
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Han (韩逸平), Stone, Artemis Ching-Fang Chang (张静芳), and Hsi-Mei Chung (钟喜梅). "Transgenerational Intent of Taiwanese Business Families in Brisbane, Australia." Journal of Chinese Overseas 17, no. 2 (October 13, 2021): 365–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341449.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This study investigates the impact of immigrant context on continuity and success in Chinese family business. We conceptualize the immigrant context as exposure to country differences in family logic, arguing that the immigrant context influences transgenerational intent by affecting family practices and relations. Based on a multiple-case study of Taiwanese business families in Brisbane, Australia, we show that variations in three family practices – parental control, children’s filial piety, and parental role in children’s career development – play an important role in this matter. To explain why, we theorize that the extent to which Taiwanese immigrant business families continue with or depart from traditional Chinese family logic in terms of these three practices enables particular meaning of intrafamily succession to prevail in the family, which ultimately affects their transgenerational intent.
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England, Nora C. "Joshua A. Fishman (ed.), Can threatened languages be saved? Reversing language shift, revisited: A 21st century perspective. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters, 2001. Pp. xvi, 503. Pb $24.95." Language in Society 32, no. 1 (December 24, 2002): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404503221059.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This volume revisits, as its title states, the theory and practice of reversing language shift (RLS) first proposed by Fishman in 1991. A dozen of the original case studies are reanalyzed and several more are added, producing a rich source of detail on some of the specific situations of language shift and efforts to reverse it. Fishman contributes introductory and concluding chapters as well as one of the case studies (Yiddish); other authors cover Navajo, New York Puerto Rican Spanish, Québec French, Otomí, Quechua, Irish, Frisian, Basque, Catalán, Oko, Andamanese, Ainu, Hebrew, immigrant languages in Australia, indigenous languages in Australia, and Maori. The resulting book provides a wealth of information about language shift and public policy directed toward RLS, but its aims are broader than that.
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Ewart, Jacqui. "Exploring the Unity in Australian Community Radio." Media International Australia 142, no. 1 (February 2012): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1214200114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
It's no secret that the representation of migrant groups in the media has been particularly problematic, as has been their access to mainstream media, and both issues have attracted a great deal of research. Far less attention has been paid by researchers to how these groups respond when they experience such difficulties, and the various forms of media they use to engage with a variety of issues pertinent to them and their settlement experiences. This article uses data from two projects: Australia's first, and to date only, national study of community radio audiences; and a more recent case study of a community radio station undertaken in the course of research into talkback radio audiences. It reveals that community radio stations and programs provide migrant communities with a space in which they can discuss and negotiate their civic and social rights and responsibilities. Drawing on the reflections of audience members who listen to and call specific radio programs, this article explores the under-examined but vital role performed by these stations and programs in the social and civic lives of immigrants. It reveals that ethnic community radio programs are helping some audience members to formulate notions of good citizenship, and thus engage with democratic processes, which is vital to feeling socially included. The research reveals immigrants are using community radio proactively to reach out to and connect with the broader Australian community, while also reminding themselves of their homeland, culture and language. However, this article warns that researchers have largely focused on the ‘good news story’ of community broadcasting and suggests that a more critical approach to future research is warranted.
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Liao, Wanyu, and Hui Huang. "Parents’ Perceptions and Management of Children’s Learning of Chinese as a Heritage Language: A Case Study of Cross-cultural Families in Australia." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 10, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.1010.05.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Parents play an important role in children’s learning of their heritage language (HL) in immigrant countries. Fostering HL learning is a hard task for parents, particularly in immigrant families, and this difficulty is exacerbated in cross-cultural families. The existing studies have not fully addressed the importance of consistent parental perceptions and language management in children’s HL learning. This gap is particularly clear in the research concerning learning Chinese as an HL among cross-cultural families’ children living in English-speaking immigrant countries such as Australia. The present qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to fill this gap by examining the perceptions and language management strategies of three cross-cultural families in Australia whose children are learning Chinese as one parent’s HL. The results suggest that, in English countries, Chinese-background and non-Chinese-background parents in cross-cultural families have quite different opinions about their children learning Chinese, which are reflected in their dissimilar language management strategies. The results highlight the importance and challenges of developing a stable family language policy in cross-cultural families in order to maintain their children’s HL learning.
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Cain, Melissa, Lauren Istvandity, and Ali Lakhani. "Participatory music-making and well-being within immigrant cultural practice: exploratory case studies in South East Queensland, Australia." Leisure Studies 39, no. 1 (February 21, 2019): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02614367.2019.1581248.
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Klopp, Brett. "Integration and Political Representation in a Multicultural City: The Case of Frankfurt am Main." German Politics and Society 16, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 42–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/104503098782487013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cities have long been the destination of those on the move. Migrationand especially immigration always raise issues of inclusion andexclusion, of rights and obligations, and of the meaning of membershipand citizenship. The particular form and content of thesedebates vary, just as host countries, national and local governments,and immigrant populations vary. Over the past few decades, patternsof immigration have begun to shift away from classical immigrationcountries (the United States, Canada, Australia) toward the democraciesof the European Union. “In this troubled world, WesternEurope has in fact, become a fragile island of prosperity, peace,democracy, culture, science, welfare and civil rights,” according tourban sociologist, Manuel Castells. “However, the selfish reflex oftrying to preserve this heaven by erecting walls against the rest ofthe world may undermine the very fundamentals of European cultureand democratic civilization, since the exclusion of the other isnot separable from the suppression of civil liberties and a mobilizationagainst alien cultures.”
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Suha, Mariyam, Linda Murray, Deborah Warr, Jasmin Chen, Karen Block, Adele Murdolo, Regina Quiazon, Erin Davis, and Cathy Vaughan. "Reproductive coercion as a form of family violence against immigrant and refugee women in Australia." PLOS ONE 17, no. 11 (November 3, 2022): e0275809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0275809.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Reproductive coercion (RC), generally considered a form of intimate partner violence (IPV), refers to perpetrator behaviours and actions that are intended to interfere with and control the autonomous decision-making of a person regarding their reproductive health. To date there are few studies that document RC as experienced by immigrant and refugee women. In this article, we explore cases of RC as described by women who were part of a larger qualitative study investigating violence against immigrant and refugee women in southern Australia. The study aimed to identify the types of RC detailed in immigrant and refugee women’s narratives, and to illustrate the contexts in which these experiences occurred. Analysis followed Baxter and Jack’s (2008) case study methodology; whereby particular “cases” are used to describe a phenomenon in context. Thirteen women from seven countries described experiences that fit definitions of RC. The cases describe various types of RC including violence during pregnancy with the intent of causing miscarriage, forced abortion, contraception sabotage and forced pregnancy. As well as intimate partners, some women described multiple perpetrators being complicit in their experience of RC, especially in regard to controlling women’s access to, and interactions with health services. More information is needed about immigrant and refugee women’s experiences of RC, and how vulnerability to multi-perpetrator violence affects health service access. In particular knowledge about how multi-perpetrator RC can affect consent processes for women who already face barriers to health care requires attention. Further research is required to address knowledge gaps about appropriate prevention and advocacy work about RC in refugee and migrant communities, and what training is needed for professionals in the family violence sector, women’s health services, women’s organisations, multicultural and ethno-specific services.
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Trilokekar, Roopa Desai. "IMAGINE: Canada as a leader in international education. How can Canada benefit from the Australian experience?" Canadian Journal of Higher Education 43, no. 2 (August 31, 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v43i2.2103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hosting international students has long been admired as one of the hallmarks of internationalization. The two major formative strands of internationalization in Canadian universities are development cooperation and international students. With reduced public funding for higher education, institutions are aggressively recruiting international students to generate additional revenue. Canada is equally interested in offering incentives for international students to stay in the country as immigrants after completing their studies. In its 2011 budget, the Canadian federal government earmarked funding for an international education strategy and, in 2010, funded Edu-Canada—the marketing unit within the Department of Education and Foreign Affairs (DFAIT)—to develop an official Canadian brand to boost educational marketing, IMAGINE: Education in/au Canada. This model emulates the Australian one, which rapidly capitalized on the recruitment of international students and became an international success story. Given current Canadian higher education policy trends, this paper will address the cautionary lessons that can be drawn from the Australian case.
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Kwok, Harley H. Y., Joesph Low, Delan Devakumar, and Bridget Candy. "Experience and perspectives on palliative or end-of-life care of Chinese people and their families as immigrants to high-income countries: a systematic review and thematic synthesis." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 12 (December 2020): e003232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-003232.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BackgroundA sizeable cohort of Chinese migrants in high-income non-Asian countries is reaching old age and many will develop life-limiting illnesses. They may benefit from palliative care, which is integrated into universal health coverage in many of these countries, but the uptake of this care among migrant communities remains low. Cultural differences between the Chinese and the host community, and poor language skills may be barriers to access, yet understanding the reasons hindering uptake are obscure.AimsTo understand the cultural perspective of how first generation Chinese migrants and their families perceive the provision of palliative care, to identify what exists which may limit their access in high-income non-Asian countries.DesignA systematic review and three-stage thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. Citations and full texts were reviewed against predefined inclusion criteria. All included studies were appraised for quality.Data sourceMEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, CINAHL and PubMed were searched to July 2019.ResultsSeven qualitative studies were identified (from USA, UK, Canada and Australia). Across the studies analytical themes that impacted on the use of palliative care services were identified: (1) migrants’ intrinsic perceptions of cultural practices, (2) their expectations of and preparation for care at the end of life, (3) perspectives and influences of family and (4) knowledge and communication with palliative care providers in the host country. Key elements found that challenge access to palliative care services in the host countries were: Chinese culture is rooted in the core values of the family as opposed to the individual; migrants’ limited experience in their place of origin in accessing healthcare; and practical issues including a lack of language skills of their host country.ConclusionsPalliative care services do not always match the needs of Chinese migrants in non-Asian high-income countries. Engagement and education on multiethnic cultural awareness in both the host non-migrant and the migrant communities is needed.
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Weisz, George M., and William R. Albury. "Osteoporosis in survivors of early life starvation." Australian Journal of Primary Health 19, no. 1 (2013): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py12004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this study was to provide evidence for the association of early life nutritional deprivation and adult osteoporosis, in order to suggest that a history of such deprivation may be an indicator of increased risk of osteoporosis in later life. The ‘fetal programming’ of a range of metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in adults was first proposed in the 1990s and more recently extended to disorders of bone metabolism. Localised famines during World War II left populations in whom the long-term effects of maternal, fetal and infantile nutritional deprivation were studied. These studies supported the original concept of ‘fetal programming’ but did not consider bone metabolism. The present paper offers clinical data from another cohort of World War II famine survivors – those from the Holocaust. The data presented here, specifically addressing the issue of osteoporosis, report on 11 Holocaust survivors in Australia (five females, six males) who were exposed to starvation in early life. The cases show, in addition to other metabolic disorders associated with early life starvation, various levels of osteoporosis, often with premature onset. The cohort studied is too small to support firm conclusions, but the evidence suggests that the risk of adult osteoporosis in both males and females is increased by severe starvation early in life – not just in the period from gestation to infancy but also in childhood and young adulthood. It is recommended that epidemiological research on this issue be undertaken, to assist planning for the future health needs of immigrants to Australia coming from famine affected backgrounds. Pending such research, it would be prudent for primary care health workers to be alert to the prima facie association between early life starvation and adult osteoporosis, and to take this factor into account along with other indicators when assessing a patient’s risk of osteoporosis in later life.
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Duan, Carson, Bernice Kotey, and Kamaljeet Sandhu. "The Effects of Cross-Border E-Commerce Platforms on Transnational Digital Entrepreneurship." Journal of Global Information Management 30, no. 2 (July 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.20220301.oa2.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research examines the important concept of transnational digital entrepreneurship (TDE). The paper integrates the host and home country entrepreneurial ecosystems with the digital ecosystem to the framework of the transnational digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. The authors argue that cross-border e-commerce platforms provide critical foundations in the digital entrepreneurial ecosystem. Entrepreneurs who count on this ecosystem are defined as transnational digital entrepreneurs. Interview data were dissected for the purpose of case studies to make understanding from twelve Chinese immigrant entrepreneurs living in Australia and New Zealand. The results of the data analysis reveal that cross-border entrepreneurs are in actual fact relying on the significant framework of the transnational digital ecosystem. Cross-border e-commerce platforms not only play a bridging role between home and host country ecosystems but provide entrepreneurial capitals as digital ecosystem promised.
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Sethi, Bharati, Allison Williams, and Joyce L. S. Leung. "Caregiving Across International Borders: a Systematic Review of Literature on Transnational Carer-Employees." Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology 37, no. 4 (December 2022): 427–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10823-022-09468-w.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractIn diaspora and transnational studies little is known about the experiences of transnational carer-employees (TCEs). TCEs provide unpaid/informal care across international borders to an adult family member, friend, or relative with disability and/or age-related needs, while also working in paid employment in the country of resettlement. The primary focus of this systematic review was to examine how cultural and historical elements of transnational caregiving influence the economic, social, and health/well-being of TCEs. This systematic review draws on quantitative and qualitative peer-reviewed literature on TCEs’ experiences from Canada, the USA, or Australia between 1997 and 2017. In all, 16 articles that fulfilled the search inclusion criteria were selected. The articles were analyzed using content and thematic analysis. The review highlighted that transnational caregiving is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. There is a reciprocal relationship between adult children providing care to their parents and parents helping their children resettle in their new home. The findings suggest that TCEs provide practical, financial, and emotional care to their families abroad. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive systematic review of the experiences of TCEs. Increasingly complex immigration experiences of transnational families require innovative policy responses from a transnational and intersectionality lens. Immigrants need support to maintain solid transnational networks and simultaneously adapt to the country of resettlement. Employers can use the findings to support TCEs in balancing unpaid care across vast geographical distances while sustaining their economic and social well-being.
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McCracken, Donal P. "Irish settlement and identity in South Africa before 1910." Irish Historical Studies 28, no. 110 (November 1992): 134–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021121400010683.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although there has been a continuous Irish presence at the Cape of Good Hope since the late eighteenth century, the chroniclers of the Irish diaspora have until the late 1980s ignored the continent of Africa. This was in part because relatively few Irish migrants ventured to Africa, but it is also the consequence of two other factors. The vast majority of Irish immigrants to Africa in the nineteenth century went to South Africa, a region which, with some exceptions, has been academically isolated for a generation. Then within South Africa there is much still to be learnt about the nature of English-speaking society in the region. While the meticulous analysis of black and Afrikaner history and society, and of related economic history, has dominated South African historiography for some two decades, professional academics have too often left the field of South African English-speaking studies to the amateur historian and the antiquarian. Thus what in Canada or Australia would be regarded as mainline historical research has in South Africa been sidelined in the name of historical relevancy. In fact an analysis of Irish settlement in southern Africa fills an important gap in the general survey of Irish emigration to the empire and reveals a pattern of Irish settlement very different from other regions of Irish migration.
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Ashing, Kimlin Tam, Lenna Dawkins-Moultin, Marshalee George, Gerard M. Antoine, Marcella Nunez-Smith, and Eliseo J. Pérez-Stable. "Across borders: thoughts and considerations about cultural preservation among immigrant clinicians." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 31, no. 8 (January 11, 2019): G103—G105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzy256.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Immigrant clinicians make up 20–28% of the health workforce in many high-income countries, including Australia, Britain, Canada and the USA. Yet, the preserved culture of immigrant clinicians remains largely invisible in the medical literature and discourse. Research on immigrant clinicians primarily attends to medical professional requirements for the adopted country (medical board examination eligibility, fellowship training and licensing). Cultural preservation among immigrant clinicians has not been adequately considered or studied. This paper highlights this notable gap in healthcare delivery and health services research relevant to immigrant clinicians. We propose it is worthwhile to explore possible relationships between immigrant clinicians’ preserved culture and clinical practices and outcomes since immigrant clinicians cross borders with their academic training as well as their culture. The sparse literature regarding immigrant clinicians suggests culture influences health beliefs, attitudes about the meaning of illness and clinical practice decisions. Additionally, immigrant clinicians are more likely to serve rural, low-income populations; communities with high density of ethnic minorities and immigrants; and areas with primary care shortage. Therefore, cultural preservation among immigrant clinicians may have important implications for public health and health disparities. This area of inquiry is important, if not urgent, in health services research.
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Buzás, György Miklós. "Helicobacter pylori – 2012." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 36 (September 2012): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29443.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The author overviews some aspects of literature data of the past 2 years. Genetic research has dentified polymorphisms of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and the host which could play a role in the clinical outcome of the infection (peptic ulcer or gastric cancer). So far they have been performed in research centers but with a decrease of costs, they will take their place in diagnosing the diseaes and tailoring the treatment. Antibiotic resistance is still growing in Southern European countries and is decreasing in Belgium and Scandinavia. Currently, the clarithromycin resistance rate is of 17–33% in Budapest and levofloxacin resistance achieved 27%. With careful assessment of former antibiotic use the resistance to certain antibiotics can be avoided and the rates of eradication improved. Immigration is a growing problem worldwide: according to Australian, Canadian and Texan studies, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is much higher in the immigrant groups than in the local population. An Italian study showed that the eradication rate of triple therapy is significantly lower in the Eastern European immigrants than in the Italians. A recent research has suggested a link between female/male infertility, habitual abortion and Helicobacter pylori infection. However, there are no published data or personal experience to show whether successful eradication of the virus in these cases is followed by successful pregnancies or not. The author overviews the Maastricht process and analyzes the provisions of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus, in which the new diagnostic algorithms and indications of eradication therapy are reformulated according to the latest levels of evidence and recommendation grading. According to the “test and treat” strategy, either the urea breath test or the stool monoclonal antigen test are recommended as a non-invasive diagnostic method in primary care. Endoscopy is still recommended in case of alarm symptoms, complicated ulcer, or if there is a suspicion of malignancy or MALT lymphoma. Local resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin should be considered in the choice of first-line therapy, in case of levels >15–20% these compounds should not be used. In regions with low resistance rates, classical triple therapy remains the regimen of choice; its alternative is the bismuth-based quadruple therapy. Determining antimicrobial resistance is justified after failed second- or third-line therapies; where available, molecular methods (fluorescence in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction) should be used. As second/third line treatments, the sequential, bismuth-based quadruple, concomitant quadruple regimens, hybrid are all possible alternatives. The Hungarian diagnostic and therapeutic approach in practice is different in some aspects from the provisions of the European consensus. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1407–1418.
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Cohan Shovkovyy, Oleg. "Perceptions of Russian-Speaking Immigrants: A Case Study in Australia." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 7, no. 6 (June 22, 2020): 148–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.76.8377.
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This research was conducted in response to one of the most pressing and challenging questions on the agenda of many government offices around the world - “What can be done to better integrate and assimilate immigrants into host communities?” The qualitative study employed ethnographic methods of gathering data, where 170 Russian-speaking immigrants were observed by the insider in their natural settings, for eight months, and at different locations in Brisbane region of Australia; informal, unstructured interviews were conducted with 27 individuals. During observations, it was noticed that many immigrants had experienced one or another sort of difficulties that prevent them from smooth integration into the host society. The further analysis of data derived from immigrants narratives revealed emerging themes, which allowed identifying five factors that, perceived by immigrants as obstacles to integration: (1) employment, (2) education, (3) healthcare, (4) government assistance, and (5) discrimination. Following the logic of inductive reasoning and assumptions of grounded theory, that is seen as a research method in which the theory is developed from the data, the researcher uses research findings to build behavioral Model of Assimilation/ Integration of immigrants. Developed model not only accurately explains why immigrants resist integration but also offers the pathway to further quantification for the measurement of assimilation.
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Pariyar, Mitra. "Travelling castes: Nepalese immigrants in Australia." South Asian Diaspora 11, no. 1 (September 19, 2018): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19438192.2018.1523091.
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Ip, David, Chung‐tong Wu, and Christine Inglis. "Settlement experiences of Taiwanese immigrants in Australia." Asian Studies Review 22, no. 1 (March 1998): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10357829808713188.
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Dow, Briony, Xiaoping Lin, Nancy A. Pachana, Christina Bryant, Dina LoGiudice, Anita M.Y. Goh, and Betty Haralambous. "Reliability, concurrent validity, and cultural adaptation of the Geriatric Depression Scale and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory for detecting depression and anxiety symptoms among older Chinese immigrants: an Australian study." International Psychogeriatrics 30, no. 5 (November 8, 2017): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610217002332.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Older Chinese people are one of the largest and fastest growing immigrant groups in Western countries. The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) and the Geriatric Anxiety Inventory (GAI) are screening tools that have been specifically designed for older people. This study explored their validity, concurrent reliability, and cultural appropriateness for detecting depression and anxiety symptoms among older Chinese immigrants living in Melbourne, Australia.Methods:A total of 87 Chinese people were recruited from Chinese senior groups. Five screening tools were used, including the GDS, the GAI, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Kessler 10 (K10), and the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Data were collected through standardized interviews.Results:The GDS and the GAI were found to be reliable and valid tools for detecting depression and anxiety in this sample. Based on the results of the five screening tools, approximately 20% of participants exhibited clinically significant symptoms of depression and 8% of anxiety. Unexpectedly, there was a higher rate of depression and anxiety symptoms among Mandarin speaking people compared with Cantonese speaking people.Conclusion:This study adds to the evidence that older Chinese immigrants are at greater risk of depression than the general older population. It suggests that primary care and mental health services should be aware of and responsive to the increased risk of depression among this group and that further studies are needed to investigate what is contributing to this increased risk.
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Rein, Tony. "Case studies II — Australia." Computer Law & Security Review 6, no. 6 (March 1991): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-3649(91)90180-4.
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Maniam, Vegneskumar. "The Memoir Method in Educational Research From an Australian Perspective." Qualitative Sociology Review 10, no. 3 (July 31, 2014): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1733-8077.10.3.02.
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This paper reviews some key memoir studies, which were carried out in South Australia, and considers their process of data collection and analysis. A second aim is to explore the current status and usefulness of Znaniecki’s memoir approach in contemporary educational research. Smolicz followed Znaniecki in emphasizing the need to accept social and cultural values and actions as facts, just as human agents themselves accept them. Every individual was seen as a member of various group social systems and interpreted as a center of experience and actions based on the cultures of those groups. Smolicz also adopted Znaniecki’s memoir method of collecting and analyzing personal data in order to understand the actions and attitudes of young people of immigrant families and their educational experiences in Australian schools. These conscious human agents played an important role in maintaining and changing their group’s cultural systems. This paper highlights examples of various forms of memoirs collected from four different studies focused specifically on the issue of cultural identity. The comments of the participants, who came from various minority ethnic groups living in Australia, illustrate the nature of the comments made, as well as the researchers’ analysis and findings. The research studies of Smolicz and his associates demonstrate that memoir method has an important place in understanding the culture of different groups, which can be applied in many contexts – global, ethnic, national, and local.
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Jiang, Liang. "Does Religious Attendance Increase Immigrant Political Participation?: A Case Study in Australia." Politics and Religion 10, no. 2 (March 6, 2017): 440–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755048317000049.
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AbstractThe relationship between religion and immigrant political participation has not been rigorously investigated in the literature set in Australia. In this study, I test whether religious attendance influences electoral and non-electoral participation among immigrants. Drawing on data from the 2013 Australian Election Study, I demonstrate that the impact of religious attendance on political participation may be overstated. I find that religious attendance is not significantly related to electoral and non-electoral participation among immigrants in Australia. This result may relate to three factors: the ability of religious attendance to affect immigrants’ key political resources; competition between religious and secular organizations; and the political salience of particular religious denominations within the Australian context. This study does not provide the much sought-after empirical confirmation to associational theories of political participation, but instead sounds a note of caution about the universal applicability of such theories.
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Dassanayake, Jayantha, Shyamali C. Dharmage, Lyle Gurrin, Vijaya Sundararajan, and Warren R. Payne. "Are immigrants at risk of heart disease in Australia? A systematic review." Australian Health Review 33, no. 3 (2009): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah090479.
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We systematically reviewed the peer-reviewed literature to establish the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among immigrants in Australia and whether being an immigrant is a CVD risk factor. Of 23 studies identified, 12 were included. Higher prevalence of CVD was found among Middle Eastern, South Asian and some European immigrants. Higher prevalence of CVD risk factors was found among Middle Eastern and Southern European immigrants. Higher alcohol consumption was found among immigrants from New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland. Smoking and physical inactivity were highly prevalent among most immigrants.
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Abbasi-Shavazi, Mohammad Jalal, and Peter McDonald. "Fertility and Multiculturalism: Immigrant Fertility in Australia, 1977–1991." International Migration Review 34, no. 1 (March 2000): 215–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791830003400109.
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This article examines the fertility patterns of immigrant groups in Australia during the period, 1977–1991. In this period, the previous policies of assimilation or integration of immigrants into mainstream culture were set aside in favor of a policy of multiculturalism, one of the dimensions of which was support for maintenance of culture. The general finding of research relating to the period prior to multiculturalism was that immigrants adapted to Australian fertility patterns. This study examines whether immigrants and their children in the era of multiculturalism have been more likely to maintain the fertility patterns of their country of origin than was the case in the past. The study concludes that while adaptation to Australian patterns remains the dominant feature of the fertility patterns of immigrants, Italian and Greek Australians show evidence of cultural maintenance.
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Mak, Anita. "Occupational Concerns and Well-Being of Skilled Hong Kong Immigrants in Australia." Australian Journal of Career Development 4, no. 2 (July 1995): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103841629500400209.
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Hong Kong is currently Australia's largest source of non-English-speaking background immigrants with professional and managerial skills. Many highly trained recent Hong Kong immigrants may be fluent in English and hold recognised qualifications, but would experience initial problems in a culturally different workplace, especially when their customary interpersonal style, which has previously brought them successes, seems no longer valued in their new work settings. This paper provides a context for these intercultural communication concerns by drawing on relevant research findings and case vignettes. The well-being of highly trained immigrant workers would be enhanced through intercultural training that aims at augmenting their repertoire of social competencies. The human resources issues involved in utilising immigrants' bicultural skills to improve the nation's productivity will be discussed using the case of Hong Kong immigrants.
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York, Barry. "Maltese male immigrants in Australia in the 1920s." Journal of Intercultural Studies 9, no. 2 (January 1988): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07256868.1988.9963335.
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Le, Anh T. "Location, Location, Location: Where Do Immigrants Reside in Australia?" Journal of International Migration and Integration / Revue de l'integration et de la migration internationale 9, no. 4 (August 23, 2008): 345–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-008-0070-z.
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Gökten, Cemil, and Ilkay Südas. "The Image of Australia: A Case Study on the Mental Maps of Turkish Immigrants in Sydney." Journal of Geography and Geology 6, no. 2 (May 3, 2014): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jgg.v6n2p82.
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In this study, mental representations of Australia were examined through mental maps in case of Turkish immigrants living in Sydney. The survey is based on 53 mental maps of Australia drawn by Turkish immigrants who reside in Sydney. The participants were asked to list the connotations about Australia, draw a sketch map of the continent and finally fill in an outline Australian map. A prominent difference between these two types of mental maps was in the number and in the categories (place names, natural-geographic elements and symbols) of the components that were displayed by the participants. On the other hand, a comparison of our study with similar academic works conducted from a European example shows that connotations on Australia are predominantly referred to the natural characteristics of the continent. This could be related to the physical isolation Australia as a continent and also to the political indifference tendencies of the urbanized part of the society because of a high living standard.
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Liu, Shuang, Sharon Dane, Cindy Gallois, Catherine Haslam, and Tran Le Nghi Tran. "The Dynamics of Acculturation Among Older Immigrants in Australia." Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology 51, no. 6 (June 1, 2020): 424–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022022120927461.
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This study explores different acculturation pathways that older immigrants follow, and the social/cultural identities they claim (or do not claim), as they live and age in Australia. Data were collected from 29 semi-structured, in-depth interviews with older immigrants (65+ years) from nine cultural backgrounds. We used participants’ self-defined cultural identity to explore how these cultural identities were enacted in different contexts. Mapping self-defined cultural identity with narratives about what participants do in relation to ethnic and host cultures, we found three dynamic acculturation pathways: (a) identifying with the ethnic culture while embracing aspects of Australian culture, (b) identifying with Australian culture while participating in the ethnic culture, and (c) identifying with both cultures while maintaining the way of life of the ethnic culture. These pathways show that acculturation strategies are not necessarily consistent with self-defined identity, within the same individual or over time. Rather, the participants’ narratives suggest that their life in the settlement country involves ongoing negotiation across people, culture, and relationships. The findings highlight the importance for acculturation research to be situated in the context in which immigrants find themselves, to capture the nuances of these dynamic acculturation experiences.
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_, _. "Ethnic Identity and Immigrant Organizations." Journal of Chinese Overseas 14, no. 1 (April 23, 2018): 22–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341366.
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Abstract The identities of Chinese immigrants and their organizations are themes widely studied in existing literature but the link between them remains under-researched. This paper seeks to explore the role of Chinese ethnicity in Chinese immigrants’ self-organizing processes by empirically studying Chinese community organizations in South Australia. It finds that Chinese immigrants have deployed ethnic identities together with other social identities to call different organizations into being, which exerts an important influence on the emergence and performance of the five major types of Chinese community organizations active in South Australia. Moreover, the ways in which Chineseness is deployed have been heavily influenced by three factors within and beyond the community. These factors are the transformation of the local ethnic-Chinese community, changing socio-political contexts in Australia, and the rise of China. In short, the deployment of ethnic identities in Chinese immigrants’ organizing processes is instrumental, contextual, and strategic.
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Bertone, Santina, and Gerard Griffin. "Immigrant Female Workers and Australian Trade Unions." Articles 50, no. 1 (April 12, 2005): 117–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050994ar.
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One of the main goals of employment equity programmes is to increase the occupational mobility of women so that they may enter non traditional jobs. Although on-the-job training has always been considered a major tool for increasing occupational mobility, it has received very little consideration in employment equity programmes. This article identifies the major aspects of women's participation in on-the-job training programmes and proposes ways to bridge the gap between these programmes and employment equity. The first section of the article examines the current situation of women in the labour market. According to the most recent statistics, occupational segregation as well as the wage gap between males and females are still quite significant. Studies of employment equity programmes show that progress has, in general, been slow. Among the reasons given for these results are a lack of integration of employment equity programmes and employers' human resource management strategies, particularly as regards on-the-job training. In the second section we examine data depicting different aspects of women workers' participation in on-the-job training. The data originate from a wide variety of sources and show that women are disadvantaged relative to men along several dimensions, including: participation rates; duration and intensity of training; and financing. Explanations for these discrepancies are discussed in the following two sections which deal respectively with access to and outcomes of on-the-job training for women workers. An initial factor that may explain the lower participation rate of women is the fact that employers tend to offer on-the-job training to workers in qualified jobs. In this context, women's jobs are usually considered as less qualified and studies show that there is an under-investment in human capital in jobs such as clerical work where women are concentrated. Another factor that comes into play is the relation between on-the-job training and an employee's real or anticipated stability in the enterprise. Although women's periods of absence from the labour market for family reasons are much shorter now than before, they are still perceived as less attached to their jobs. It has been shown, for instance, that women with young children are less likely to be offered training by their employers. Another characteristic of women's jobs that negatively affects their participation in training is the fact that they are over-represented in areas of marginal employment such as part-time work. Employers tend to offer less training to these employees because they are considered less motivated and less productive. Finally, the positive relation that has been shown to exist between size of firm and the incidence of training may equally have an adverse impact since women are over-represented in small and mediumsized firms. Even if employers modify their practices in order to give women access to training for non-traditional jobs, some barriers can still limit positive outcomes. These barriers may exist during or after training. For instance, for reasons arising from education or the traditional nature of their job experience, women are less familiar with basic technical skills. Studies have shown that the chances of women remaining in and successfully completing these programmes are improved if, prior to training, they receive some technical or scientific instruction in areas such as refresher mathematics or technical vocabulary. Positive attitudes and awareness on the part of trainers are also important factors in avoiding discouragement and withdrawal from the programme by women workers. Finally, once training is over, occupational mobility may not necessarily follow for various reasons such as bias of supervisors against women entrants in non traditional jobs or a lack of seniority. The analysis presented in this article proposes a comprehensive framework for studying women's participation in on-the-job training programmes. One of the main features of the analysis is to demonstrate the interactions between a large number of variables. The next step is to improve our knowledge of this situation through use of a more comprehensive statistical data base, and through case studies. Given the fact that hiring has considerably slowed down for cyclical as well as structural reasons, promotions into non-traditional jobs will probably become the main avenue for employment equity, hence the importance of on-the-job training for women workers.
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Cai, Lixin, and Amy Y. C. Liu. "Wage differentials between immigrants and the native-born in Australia." International Journal of Manpower 36, no. 3 (June 1, 2015): 374–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2014-0104.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the wage differentials along the entire distribution between immigrants and the Australian-born. Design/methodology/approach – Using the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) Survey, the authors apply a semi-parametric method (DiNardo et al., 1996) to decompose the distributional wage gap between immigrants and native-born Australians into composition effect and wage structure effect. The authors further apply the unconditional quantile regression (UQR) method (Firpo et al., 2007) to decompose the overall wage structure effect into contributions from individual wage covariates. Findings – Relative to the native-born, both effects favour immigrants from English-speaking countries. For male immigrants from non-English-speaking countries (NESC) the favourable composition effect is offset by disadvantage in the wage structure effect, leaving little overall wage difference. Female immigrants from NESC are disadvantaged at the lower part of the wage distribution. Practical implications – The increasingly skill-based immigration policy in Australia has increased skill levels of immigrants relative to the Australian-born. However, the playing field may yet to be equal for the recent NESC immigrants due to unfavourable rewards to their productivity factors. Also, immigrants are not homogeneous. Countries of origin and gender matter in affecting wage outcomes. Originality/value – The unique wage-setting system and the increasingly skill-based immigration policy have made Australia an interesting case. The authors examine the entire wage distribution between migrants and native-born rather than focus on the mean. The authors differentiate immigrants by their country of origin and gender; and apply the UQR decomposition to identify the contributions from individual wage covariates.
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Wicaksono, Dava Irfani. "Illegal Immigrants Between Indonesia Australia: How the Law and Policy Solving the Problems?" Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/digest.v2i1.48635.
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In the recent years, cases of illegal immigrants from Indonesia to Australia have been escalated, so Australia itself created a rule that functioned for those dark or illegal immigrants were unable to enter the Territory Australia. The rules are the policy of the rule of the country and the third policy and whether Indonesia itself is a sovereign state that has had an excellent policy in resolving cases of illegal or ilelal immigrants within its territory Own. With the methodology of the juridical approach of Normative, using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating several principles and legal norms relating to the sovereignty of the State and illegal immigrants obtained from libraries and regulations Then in a qualitative descriptive analysis to derive conclusions. In Indonesia's policy must have been regulated through LAW No. 6 of 2011 on immigration, which is where there is a solution in the case of dark immigrants. But this is still not effective in handling the issue of illegal immigrants and is a partial where it still makes illegal immigrants or illegally victims of casualties and the absence of sanctions and deterrent effects against them. Indonesia should make the national sovereignty principle a guideline for making regulatory policies regarding illegal immigrants.
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Nkrumah, Amos. "Immigrants’ Transnational Entrepreneurial Activities: the Case of Ghanaian Immigrants in Canada." Journal of International Migration and Integration 19, no. 1 (December 30, 2017): 195–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12134-017-0535-z.
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Metraux, Daniel A. "Soka Gakkai in Australia." Nova Religio 8, no. 1 (July 1, 2004): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2004.8.1.57.
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Japan's Soka Gakkai International (SGI) has established a small but growing chapter in Australia that in 2002 had about 2,500 members nationwide. Since its founding in the mid-1960s, SGI Australia (SGIA) has evolved into a highly heterogeneous movement dominated by ethnic Asians, of which a large number are Chinese from Southeast Asia. SGIA's appeal is both social and religious. A key factor for SGIA's growth is its emphasis on the concept of community. The fast pace of life, constant movement of people, and a sizeable growth of immigrants have created a sense of rootlessness among many Australians. SGIA's tradition of forming small chapters whose members often meet in each other's homes or community centers creates a tightly bonded group. SGIA members find their movement's form of Buddhism appealing because it is said to give them a greater sense of confidence and self-empowerment, permitting them to manage their own lives in a more creative manner.
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Jakubowicz, Andrew. "The state and the welfare of immigrants in Australia." Ethnic and Racial Studies 12, no. 1 (January 1989): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.1989.9993620.
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Chiang, Lan-Hung Nora. "Middle-class Taiwanese Immigrant Women Adapt to Life in Australasia: Case Studies from Transnational Households." Asian Journal of Women's Studies 10, no. 4 (January 2004): 31–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12259276.2004.11665979.
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Lunn, Kenneth. "Immigrants and strikes: Some British case studies, 1870–1914." Immigrants & Minorities 4, no. 2 (July 1985): 30–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619288.1985.9974605.
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Lane, Alexandra, and Debbiesiu L. Lee. "Career Transitions of Highly Skilled Immigrants: Two Case Studies." Career Development Quarterly 66, no. 4 (December 2018): 315–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12153.
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Tani, Massimiliano. "Migration Policy and Immigrants’ Labor Market Performance." International Migration Review 54, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0197918318815608.
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This article studies whether migration policy is a suitable tool to improve the inefficient use of immigrants’ human capital. This line of investigation complements the traditional analysis of migration policy as a tool to manage labor supply. The effect of migration policy is studied, using a policy change that occurred in Australia in the late 1990s that tightened the selection applied to certain economic immigrants. The empirical analysis, based on data collected by the Longitudinal Survey of Migrants to Australia, confirms that the policy change raised, on average, the human capital of the affected group. It also, however, consistently reveals that the change had no detectable impact on indicators measuring immigrants’ skill utilization. This result suggests that migration policy, by itself, may not be best suited to address issues related to the efficient use of foreign talent in the labor market. Better coordination with employment policy may alleviate this problem. Additional research on migration policy’s effect on efficiency-related issues is also called for.
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Cerin, Ester, Shiyuan Yin, Wing Ka Choi, Winsfred Ngan, Rachel Tham, and Anthony Barnett. "Development of Measures of Perceived Neighborhood Environmental Attributes Influencing, and Perceived Barriers to Engagement in, Healthy Behaviors for Older Chinese Immigrants to Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (April 24, 2021): 4531. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18094531.
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Environmental correlates, barriers, and facilitators of physical activity, healthy eating, and socializing are understudied in older immigrants to developed countries. This study developed/adapted and validated measures of perceived barriers and neighborhood environmental characteristics related to these health-enhancing behaviors appropriate for older Chinese immigrants to Australia and similar Western countries. Older Chinese immigrants living in Melbourne (Australia) were recruited from neighborhoods varying in walkability and percentage of Chinese residents. Versions of the Neighborhood Environment for Healthy Aging–Chinese Immigrants to Australia (NEHA-CIA) questionnaire (20 subscales) and the Perceived Barriers to Health-Enhancing Behaviors questionnaire (four subscales) were developed from extant validated scales and information collected in formative qualitative research. Thirty-one participants took part in cognitive interviews aimed to pilot-test and refine the questionnaires. The modified questionnaires were administered to 52 participants twice, two weeks apart. Test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients), internal consistency (Cronbach’s α), and construct validity (associations with theoretically-relevant constructs) were examined. Most items and subscales of both questionnaires had good test-retest reliability and internal consistency, while the NEHA-CIA also showed good construct validity. Future studies need to further examine the construct validity of the questionnaire of perceived barriers and determine the factorial validity of both measures on large representative samples.
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Humphrey, Michael. "Islam, immigrants and the state: Religion and cultural politics in Australia." Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations 1, no. 2 (December 1990): 208–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09596419008720935.
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Easthope, Hazel, Wendy Stone, and Lynda Cheshire. "The decline of ‘advantageous disadvantage’ in gateway suburbs in Australia: The challenge of private housing market settlement for newly arrived migrants." Urban Studies 55, no. 9 (April 26, 2017): 1904–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098017700791.
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The spatial concentration of recently arrived immigrants in gateway cities and suburbs is usually seen as undesirable by urban academics and policy makers. This paper presents a counter-argument that the concentration of disadvantaged new immigrants in the form of humanitarian refugees and their families can, and does, result in positive outcomes for those groups. In part, our argument is based on making a distinction between people-based disadvantage and place-based disadvantage. The paper examines the changing nature of place-based ‘advantage’ for immigrants in Australian gateway cities through a focus on two metropolitan locations, Auburn (Sydney) and Springvale (Melbourne), known as popular destination suburbs for recent immigrants. While these two cases validate the benefits of such gateway suburbs, they also demonstrate that the capacity of recent migrants to emulate concentrated settlement patterns is now significantly undermined by changes in the labour market and affordability problems in the housing market. The paper concludes with a discussion on the possible future of gateway suburbs and the implications of this shift for the wellbeing of particular groups of disadvantaged residents.