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Статті в журналах з теми "Images radar marin"
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Cai, Jun, George A. McMechan, and Michael A. Fisher. "Application of ground-penetrating radar to investigation of near-surface fault properties in the San Francisco Bay region." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 86, no. 5 (October 1, 1996): 1459–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0860051459.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract In many geologic environments, ground-penetrating radar (GPR) provides high-resolution images of near-surface Earth structure. GPR data collection is nondestructive and very economical. The scale of features detected by GPR lies between those imaged by high-resolution seismic reflection surveys and those exposed in trenches and is therefore potentially complementary to traditional techniques for fault location and mapping. Sixty-two GPR profiles were collected at 12 sites in the San Francisco Bay region. Results show that GPR data correlate with large-scale features in existing trench observations, can be used to locate faults where they are buried or where their positions are not well known, and can identify previously unknown fault segments. The best data acquired were on a profile across the San Andreas fault, traversing Pleistocene terrace deposits south of Olema in Marin County; this profile shows a complicated multi-branched fault system from the ground surface down to about 40 m, the maximum depth for which data were recorded.
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Chen, Duo, Ying Li, Yi Wen Wang, and Jin Xu. "Research on Marine Radar Image Collection Technology Based on OpenCV." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 578–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.578.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Marine radar image collection technology has been applied in many fileds. It has been a research focus at home and abroad for a long time. This paper proposes an architecture of marine radar image collection system based on Sperry radar, HPX Rader Information Board, OpenCV, SPX Function Library. And implementation of key technologies was diccussed from three aspects, includ-ing radar image display, collection and clear functions. This system has worked well in practice.
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Wang, Hui, Haiyang Qiu, Pengfei Zhi, Lei Wang, Wei Chen, Rizwan Akhtar, and Muhammad Asif Zahoor Raja. "Study of Algorithms for Wind Direction Retrieval from X-Band Marine Radar Images." Electronics 8, no. 7 (July 8, 2019): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics8070764.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
After decades of research, X-band marine radars have been broadly used for wind measurement. For retrieving the wind direction based on the wind-induced streaks, a lot of effort has been expended on three celebrated approaches—the local gradient method (LGM), the adaptive reduced method (ARM), and the energy spectrum method (ESM). This paper presents a scientific study of these methods. The contrast of retrieving the real measured marine radar images and vane measured results is evaluated, in perspective of the error statistics and algorithm operation efficiency. Interference factors, such as the historical information of the measured area, reference wind speed, and sea condition showing in the monitoring equipment are also concerned. The tentative results showed that LGM is robust, which can be implemented in most radar images, because it allows for a lower selection of requirements compared with the other two methods. For ARM, the better retrieval performance is a tradeoff with extra computation, which is expensive. ESM is superior to the other two algorithms in terms of accuracy and computation load; however, this algorithm is sensitive in rain-contaminated radar images, meaning it is a good choice for data post-processing in the lab.
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Mityagina, M. I. "Intensity of convective motions in marine atmospheric boundary layer retrieved from ocean surface radar imagery." Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics 13, no. 3 (July 24, 2006): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/npg-13-303-2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The paper focuses on the occurrence and development of coherent structures observed in the atmosphere above ocean under natural conditions. Microwave imaging radars are suggested as data take instruments. The phenomena of marine atmospheric cells and rolls onset, horizontal planform, aspect ratio and scaling phenomena are examined. Convective patterns manifested in radar images and information derived on the intensity of atmospheric motion are discussed.
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Mingozzi, Matteo, Francesca Salvioli, and Francesco Serafino. "X-Band Radar for Cetacean Detection (Focus on Tursiops truncatus) and Preliminary Analysis of Their Behavior." Remote Sensing 12, no. 3 (January 25, 2020): 388. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12030388.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cetaceans are protected species all over the world, most of them are vulnerable, endangered, or data deficient (according to International Union for Conservation of Nature - IUCN red list). X-band radars detect the echo of the electromagnetic signal reflected by an obstacle or a ship (target). The application of X-band radar to the detection of cetaceans is a new and innovative field of research that could improve the automation of marine mammal data collection, and this is the first time in the Mediterranean Sea. The aim of this work was to test the capability of X-band radar installed along the coast (ground-based) to detect and track cetaceans in a range of approximately 2.5 nautical miles from the radar antenna. Data collection included a part of field work, implemented through the acquisition of photographic images and target’s radar detection (by the panoramic terrace Santa Maria in Corniglia), and a part, performed in the laboratory, of data analysis. The work was undertaken between May and November 2018. During this period, 30 days of monitoring were carried out (about 300 h) and about 10,000 radar images were recorded. The first results showed that we were able to recognize the target “cetacean” from the other common targets (boats, buoys, etc.) detected by the radar. In particular 70 dolphins were sighted by visual census; 12 of them were recognized on radar images. Radar images allowed extraction of dolphin dive time (between 2 and 15 s). The next step will be to allow the radar to identify the presence of marine mammals itself since it also works at night and with low visibility. This technique could complement the protection measures of cetaceans, highlighting their presence at sea even if it is impossible with waves higher than 0.8 m and over distances greater than 2.5 km.
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Zhang, Chuang, Meihan Fang, Chunyu Yang, Renhai Yu, and Tieshan Li. "Perceptual Fusion of Electronic Chart and Marine Radar Image." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9111245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electronic charts and marine radars are indispensable equipment in ship navigation systems, and the fusion display of these two parts ensures that the vessel can display dangerous moving targets and various obstacles on the sea. To reduce the noise interference caused by external factors and hardware, a novel radar image denoising algorithm using the concept of Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) using Wasserstein distance is proposed. GAN focuses on transferring the image noise distribution between strong and weak noise, while the perceptual loss approach is to suppress the noise by comparing the perceptual characteristics of the output after denoising. Afterwards, an image registration method based on image transformation is proposed to eliminate the imaging difference between the radar image and chart image, in which the visual attribute transfer approach is used to transform images. Finally, the sparse theory is used to process the high frequency and low frequency subband coefficients of the detection image obtained by the fast Fourier transform in parallel to realizing the image fusion. The results show that the fused contour has a high consistency, fast training speed and short registration time.
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Austin, G. L., A. Bellon, M. Riley, and E. Ballantyne. "Navigation by Computer Processing of Marine Radar Images." Journal of Navigation 38, no. 3 (September 1985): 375–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463300032744.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The advantages of being able to process marine radar imagery in an on-line computer system have been illustrated by study of some navigational problems. The experiments suggest that accuracies of the order of 100 metres may be obtained in navigation in coastal regions using map overlays with marine radar data. A similar technique using different radar imagery of the same location suggests that the pattern-recognition technique may well yield a position-keeping ability of better than 10 metres.
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Chen, Zhongbiao, Yijun He, and Wankang Yang. "Study of Ocean Waves Measured by Collocated HH and VV Polarized X-Band Marine Radars." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/8257930.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The significant wave height (SWH) retrieved from collocated HH and VV polarized X-band marine radars under different sea states is studied. The SWH are retrieved from different principal components of X-band marine radar image sequence. As compared with the SWH measured by a buoy, the root-mean-square errors of the SWH are 0.32–0.45 m for VV polarization, and they are 0.37–0.60 m for HH polarization. At the wind speeds of 0–5 m/s, the SWH can be derived from VV polarized radar images, while the backscatter of HH polarized radar is too weak to contain wave signals at very low wind speeds (~0–3 m/s). At the wind speeds of 5–18 m/s, the SWH retrieved from VV polarization coincide well with the SWH measured by the buoy, while the SWH retrieved from HH polarization correspond with the changes of the wind speed. At the wind speeds of 18–26 m/s, the influence of wave breaking on HH polarization is more important than that on VV polarization. This indicates that the imaging mechanisms of HH polarized X-band marine radar are different from those of VV polarized X-band marine radar.
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Wei, Yanbo, Yalin Liu, Yifei Lei, Ruiyao Lian, Zhizhong Lu, and Lei Sun. "A New Method of Rainfall Detection from the Collected X-Band Marine Radar Images." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 3600. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153600.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To control the quality of X-band marine radar images for retrieving information and improve the inversion accuracy, the research on rainfall detection from marine radar images is investigated in this paper. Currently, the difference in the correlation characteristic between the rain-contaminated radar image and the rain-free radar image is utilized to detect rainfall. However, only the correlation coefficient at a position in the lagged azimuth is utilized, and a statistical hard threshold is adopted. By deeply investigating the difference between the calculated correlation characteristic and the marine radar images, the correlation coefficient in the lagged azimuth can be used to constitute the correlation coefficient feature vector (CCFV). Then, an unsupervised K-means clustering learning method is used to obtain the clustering centers. Based on the constituted CCFV and the K-means clustering algorithm, a new method of rainfall detection from the collected X-band marine radar images is proposed. The acquired X-band marine radar images are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed rainfall detection method. Compared with the zero-pixel percentage (ZPP) method, the correlation coefficient difference (CCD) method, the support vector machine (SVM) method and the wave texture difference (WTD) method, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method could finish the task of rainfall detection, and the detection accuracy increases by 10.0%, 6.3%, 2.0% and 0.6%, respectively, for the proportion of the 25% training dataset.
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Ji, Xing, Jia Yuan Zhuang, and Yu Min Su. "Marine Radar Target Detection for USV." Advanced Materials Research 1006-1007 (August 2014): 863–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1006-1007.863.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Unmanned surface vehicles (USV) have become an intense research area because of their extensive applications. Marine radar is the most important environmental perception sensor for USV. Aiming at the problems of noise jamming, uneven brightness, target lost in marine radar images, and the high-speed USV to the requirement of real-time and reliability, this paper proposes the radar image target detection algorithms which suitable for embedded marine radar target detection system. The smoothing algorithm can adaptive select filter in noise, border and background areas, improves the efficiency and smoothing effect. Based on the iterative threshold, the tolerance coefficient is selected by the histogram, ensures the robust of segmentation algorithm. The location, area and invariant moments features can be extracted from the radar image which after connected-component labeling. The actual radar image processing results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms.
Дисертації з теми "Images radar marin"
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Michelet, Jordan. "Extraction du fouillis de mer dans des images radar marin cohérent : modèles de champ de phases, méthodes de Boltzmann sur réseau, apprentissage." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022LAROS048.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Nous nous intéressons au problème d’extraction du fouillis de mer dans des images radar marin. Le parti pris est de développer des méthodes de traitement d’image permettant de s’affranchir au mieux d’hypothèses sur la nature du fouillis de mer et du signal d’intérêt. D’une part, nous proposons un algorithme basé sur une approche variationnelle originale : un modèle multiphasique à interface diffuse. Les résultats obtenus montrent que l’algorithme est efficace lorsque le signal d’intérêt a un rapport signal-sur-fouillis suffisamment grand. D’autre part, nous nous intéressons à l’implémentation de schémas de Boltzmann sur réseau pour des problèmes de convection-diffusion à vitesse d’advection non constante et un terme source non nul. Nous décrivons le calcul de la consistance obtenue par analyse asymptotique à l’échelle acoustique et avec un opérateur de collision à temps de relaxation multiples, et étudions la stabilité de ces schémas dans un cas particulier. Les résultats obtenus montrent que les schémas proposés permettent de supprimer le bruit résiduel et de renforcer le signal d’intérêt sur l’image obtenue grâce à la première méthode. Enfin, nous proposons une méthode d’apprentissage permettant de s’affranchir d’hypothèses sur la nature du signal d’intérêt. En effet, en complément de l’algorithme par approche variationnelle, nous proposons un algorithme basé sur le traitement pulse-Doppler lorsque le signal d’intérêt est exo-clutter et a un rapport signal-sur-fouillis faible. Les résultats obtenus à partir du double auto-encodeur que nous proposons, étant comparables aux résultats fournis par chacune des deux méthodes, permettent de valider cette approcheWe focus on the problem of sea clutter extraction in marine radar images. The aim is to develop image processing methods allowing us to avoid assumptions about the nature of the sea clutter and the signal of interest. On the one hand, we propose an original algorithm based on a variational approach : a multiphase model with diffuse interface. The results obtained show that the algorithm is efficient when the signal of interest has a sufficiently large signal-to-clutter ratio. On the other hand, we focus on the implementation of lattice Boltzmann schemes for convection-diffusion problems with non-constant advection velocity and non-zero source term. We describe the computation of the consistency obtained by asymptotic analysis at the acoustic scale and with a multiple relaxation time collision operator, and study the stability of these schemes in a particular case. The obtained results show that the proposed schemes allow removing the residual noise and to enhance the signal of interest on the image obtained with the first method. Finally, we propose a learning method allowing us to avoid assumptions on the nature of the signal of interest. Indeed, in addition to the variational approach, we propose an algorithm based on pulse-Doppler processing when the signal of interest is exo-clutter and has a low signal-to-clutter ratio. The results obtained from the proposed double auto-encoder, being comparable to the results provided by each of the two methods, allow validating this approach
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Jolly, Alistair Duncan. "Feature extraction from millimetre wave radar images." Thesis, University of Central Lancashire, 1992. http://clok.uclan.ac.uk/19034/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis describes research performed into the segmentation and classification of features on images of wound terrain generated from an airborne millimetre wave radar. The principles of operation of the radar are established and it is shown how an image is produced from this particular radar. The parameters such as wavelength, antenna size and pulse length are related to the images and a mathematical description of the radar data is given. The effectiveness of established image processing techniques is reviewed when applied to millimetre wave radar images and a statistical classification technique is seen to yield encouraging results. This method of segmentation and classification is then extended to make optimal use of the available information from the radar. An orthogonal expansion of the Poincaré sphere representation of polarised radiation is established and it is shown how different terrain types cluster in the eigenspace of these spherical harmonics. Segmentation then follows from the clustering properties of pixels within this multidimensional eigenspace and classification from the locations of the clusters.
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Qi, Yusheng Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Sea surface wave reconstruction from marine radar images." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74939.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-105).
The X-band marine radar is one type of remote sensing technology which is being increasingly used to measure sea surface waves nowadays. In this thesis, how to reconstruct sea surface wave elevation maps from X-band marine radar images and do wave field prediction over short term in real time are discussed. The key idea of reconstruction is using dispersion relation based on the linear wave theory to separate the wave-related signal from non-wave signal in radar images. The reconstruction process involves three-dimensional Fourier analysis and some radar imaging mechanism. In this thesis, an improved shadowing simulation model combined with wave field simulation models for the study of the correction function in the reconstruction process and an improved wave scale estimation model using non-coherent radar data are proposed, which are of great importance in the reconstruction process. A radar image calibration method based on wave field simulation is put forward in order to improve the quality of reconstructed sea surface wave. Besides, a theoretical wave scale estimation model using Doppler spectra of the coherent radar is put forward, which is proposed to be a good alternative to the current wave scale estimation model. The reconstructed sea surface wave can be used for wave field simulation in order to predict the wave field, which is not only an application of this reconstruction process, but also a parameter optimizing tool for the reconstruction process.
by Yusheng Qi.
S.M.
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Svensson, Henrik. "Simultaneous Localization And Mapping in a Marine Environment using Radar Images." Thesis, Linköping University, Automatic Control, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-20845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Simultaneous Localization And Mapping (SLAM) is a process of mapping an unknown environment and at the same time keeping track of the position within this map. In this theses, SLAM is performed in a marine environent using radar images only.
A SLAM solution is presented. It uses SIFT to compare pairs of radar images. From these comparisons, measurements of the boat movements are obtained. A type of Kalman filter (Exactly Sparse Delayed-state Filter, ESDF) uses these measurements to estimate the trajectory of the boat. Once the trajectory is estimated, the radar images are joined together in order to create a map.
The presented solution is tested and the estimated trajectory is compared to GPS data. Results show that the method performs well for at least shorter periods of time.
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Trebossen, Hervé. "Apport des images RADAR à synthèse d'ouverture à la cartographie marine." Marne-la-Vallée, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MARN0140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Plus de la moitié du transport de marchandises à travers le monde se fait par voie de mer. Un des moyens permettant d’assurer la sécurité des navires et par conséquent d’éviter les pollutions accidentelles est de mettre à la disposition des marins des cartes marines de qualité, conformes aux moyens modernes de navigation (navigation par GPS). Malheureusement, actuellement, ces documents de navigation sont anciens sur nombre de zones côtières. Le SHOM qui est chargé en France de l’établissement et de la diffusion de l’information nautique utilise, dans certains cas, pour actualiser plus rapidement ses cartes des images de télédétection provenant des satellites optiques SPOT. Dans les zones à forte nébulosité, l’acquisition de telles données est très aléatoire, les images des satellites RADAR à Synthèse d’Ouverture (RSO) apportent l’avantage de ne pas être perturbées par la couverture nuageuse. L’étude que nous présentons, née de la collaboration entre le SHOM et l’UMLV, a pour objectif de développer une méthode d’utilisation des données spatiales radar en vue de faciliter la création et la réactualisation des cartes marines. Le premier chapitre de ce travail présente, sur chacun des différents sites qui vont être « auscultés » au travers des images radar à synthèse d’ouverture, les grandes caractéristiques du milieu, la base de données images et cartes puis l’intérêt du site pour la cartographie marine. Les cinq sites côtiers présentés sont en partie en milieu tropical humide (la Guyane française, le Cameroun et le Gabon), en milieu polaire (Terre Adélie) et enfin en milieu inter-tropical aride (Mauritanie). Le deuxième chapitre porte sur les traitements radiométriques et géométriques mis en œuvre pour l’utilisation des images radar. Les traitements radiométriques comporteront principalement l’usage d’algorithmes connus et de logiciels déjà existants pour le filtrage du chatoiement sur les images d’amplitude, la génération des images de cohérence à partir de données complexes et l’extraction automatique d’informations. En ce qui concerne les traitements géométriques, nous avons choisi de développer un outil de géoréférencement pour les scènes ERS. Cet outil demande de connaître l’orbitographie du satellite, la position du géoïde sur le site imagé et la géométrie interne des données satellitaires. La validation de cet outil s’appuiera sur la prise en compte de points de contrôle au sol et sur la comparaison d’images acquises en orbites montante et descendante. L’analyse des images traitées se fera sur les thèmes intéressant la cartographie marine : en mer, au large et sur les zones de petits fonds proches de la côte, sur l’estran, et enfin, à terre, sur les végétations côtières et les zones anthropisées. D’autres données de télédétection (images optiques et autres données RSO) pourront être utilisées, selon les disponibilités, pour enrichir notre propos. Enfin le dernier chapitre est consacré, d’une part, aux réactualisations de cartes marines auxquelles nous avons participé et d’autre part, à la proposition de produits cartographiques nouveaux fusionnant les images RSO récentes et des données cartographiques plus anciennes, destinés à suppléer à l’absence de cartes classiques actualisées et susceptibles d’intégrer les évolutions observées sur certains sites d’étudeMore half of the carriage of goods throughout the world is done by sea. One of the means allowing to ensure the safety of the ships and consequently to avoid accidental pollution, is to put at provision of the sailors of the sea charts of quality, in conformity with the modern means of navigation (navigation by GPS). Unfortunately, currently, these documents of navigation are old on a number of coastal zones. The SHOM who is in charge in France of the establishment and of the diffusion of nautical information, uses, in certain cases, to bring up to date its cards more quickly, of the images of remote sensing coming from the optical satellites SPOT. In zones with strong nebulosity, the acquisition of such data is very random, the images of the satellites with Synthetic Aperture RADAR (SAR) bring the advantage of not being disturbed by the cloud cover. Present study is borned of collaboration between SHOM and UMLV, its main goal is to develop a method to use SAR images in order to facilitate nautical chart reactualisation. First chapter of this work presents, on each various site which "will be auscultated" through images radar with synthesis of opening, great characteristics of the medium, the data base images and cards then interest of the site for marine cartography. The five coastal sites presented are partly in humid tropical area (French Guiana, Cameroon, Gabon), in polar zone (Terre-Adélie) and last in arid inter-tropical area (Mauritania). Second chapter relates to the radiometric and geometrical processing implemented for the use of the images radar. Radiometric processing will comprise mainly the use of known algorithms for filtering of the speckle on amplitude images, generating coherence images with complex SAR data and extracting automatically information from SAR data. With regard to the geometrical processing, we chose to develop a tool in order to georeference our ERS images database. This tool requires to know satellite orbitography, geoid height on study site and internal satellite geometry. Validation of this tool will be based on ground control points acquisition and on comparison between ERS images acquired in ascending and descending pass. SAR data analysis will be done on topics interesting nautical charts updating: shallow waters close to coast, on inter-tidal zone, and finally, on terrestrial part, coastal vegetation and anthropic zones. Other remote sensing data (optical and different SAR data) could be used, according to availabilities, to enrich our matter. Last, fourth chapter is devoted with re-actualisations of nautical charts in which we participated. We propose new cartographic products including recent SAR images and older data from nautical charts, to compensate lack of traditional maps up to date and likely to integrated evolutions observed study sites
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Wang, Yuanxun. "Radar signature prediction and feature extraction using advanced signal processing techniques /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
Повний текст джерела
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Aljohani, Mansour Abdullah M. "A Technique for Magnetron Oscillator Based Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar Image Formation." University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1571665145862203.
Повний текст джерела
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Assali, Camille. "Contribution des radars embarqués à l'étude des stratégies collectives de recherche alimentaire chez les oiseaux marins." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT075/document.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Dans l’océan, les bancs de proies représentent une source d’alimentation ponctuelle. Pour pallier à cela, les oiseaux marins profitent de l’information sociale provenant de conspécifiques, hétérospecifiques, ou bateaux de pêche. Dans cette thèse, nous cherchons à évaluer l’influence de différentes sources d’information sur les stratégies de recherche alimentaire des oiseaux marins en milieu pélagique tropical.Les oiseaux détectent des prédateurs ou des bateaux à des distances dépassant dix kilomètres. Nous étudions donc leur distribution à sub-méso-échelle, ceci grâce à des images d’un radar à bord d’un thonier senneur.Les images radar offrent une visualisation, dans les 30 km autour du navire, de la distribution instantanée de la communauté d’oiseaux en vol et de leurs déplacements. Nous mettons au jour des motifs d’agrégation temporaires, d’une dizaine de kilomètres de diamètre, au sein de la distribution des oiseaux. Les distances entre groupes d’oiseaux sont compatibles avec l’échange d’information au sein de ces agrégations.Une étude plus fine révèle des vols coordonnés de groupes d’oiseaux distants de plusieurs centaines de mètres («râteaux»), suggérant un haut degré de coopération lors de la recherche de proies. Nous questionnons ensuite le degré de perturbation du senneur dans la recherche alimentaire des oiseaux. Les résultats indiquent que les oiseaux marins discriminent les différentes activités du navire.Ce travail constitue, à notre connaissance, la première utilisation des radars embarqués pour l’étude de l’écologie des oiseaux en haute mer, et ouvre nombre de perspectives pour comprendre la dynamique des interactions entre prédateurs marins supérieursIn the ocean, prey is patchily distributed. To overcome this challenge, pelagic seabirds benefit from social information from conspecifics, heterospecifics, or fishing boats.As part of this dissertation, we aim at evaluating the influence of different information sources in seabird foraging strategies in the tropical pelagic environment.Seabirds can detect visible predators or boats at distances of over ten kilometres. We thus study the distribution of seabirds at sub-meso-scale, analysing images recorded from a radar on board a tuna purse-seiner. Radar images provide a visualisation of the instantaneous distribution of the in-flight seabird community as well as seabird movements within thirty kilometres of the seiner. We detect over-aggregatedand temporary patterns, spanning about ten kilometers, within flying seabirds’ distribution. Distancesbetween seabird groups are compatible with information exchanges within these aggregations. A finer scale study reveals coordinated flights of seabird groups distant of hundreds of meters from each others (« rakes »), and suggesting a high level of coordination during foraging. We then investigate the potential disturbance induced by the seiner in the seabirds’ foraging network.First results indicate that seabirds can discriminate the different seiner’s activities.To our knowledge, this work is the first contribution of on board radars use for the study of seabird ecology in the high seas, and opens interesting perspectives, such as the understanding of interactions’ dynamics within the marine top-predators guild
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Margarit, Martín Gerard. "Marine applications of SAR polarimetry." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6944.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Els oceans mantenen una fràgil i complexa cadena que enllaça un alt nombre de factors biològics, sociològics i econòmics. Actualment, aquest ecosistema està amenaçat per l'activitat humana i uns dels punts més crítics és la sobreexplotació pesquera. Això ha despertat la consciencia de les autoritats d'arreu per a protegir l'entorn marí i assegurar, així, la seguretat i supervivència dels éssers humans. Tal objectiu demana el desenvolupament de polítiques de control que monitorin l'activitat dels vaixells. Fins l'actualitat, diferents propostes s'han estudiat per monitorar vaixells, com per exemple transpondedors, teledetecció òptica i sensors acústics passius. L'experiència en entorns reals ha demostrat que cap d'aquestes solucions és eficient. Una alternativa poden ser els Radars d'Obertura Sintètica (SAR). Aquests sistemes utilitzen les propietats de reflectivitat i dispersió dels vaixells per identificar-los amb independència de qualsevol fenomen atmosfèric i del cicle dia/nit. El sensors SAR sintetitzen una obertura més gran que la real permetent l'obtenció d'imatges de reflectivitat d'uns quants kilòmetres d'amplada amb una resolució de pocs metres.
En la monitorització de vaixells, la tecnologia SAR ha demostrat unes bones prestacions per la detecció. Treu profit del fet que els vaixells dispersen més energia que el mar i, així, apareixen en les imatges com punts molt brillants. Però, la seva utilitat en la identificació de vaixells encara no està clara. Hi ha dues limitacions importants: 1) les resolucions dels sistemes actuals no semblen suficients per aïllar característiques geomètriques a partir de la informació de reflectivitat i 2) les distorsions que les signatures dels vaixells experimenten en entorns marins. Aquests problemes es poden resoldre parcialment si s'utilitzen dades SAR multidimensional. Aquest concepte es refereix al fet d'adquirir imatges SAR modificant un o més paràmetres del sistema. En la classificació de vaixells, hi ha dues opcions clares: 1) Polarimetria SAR (PolSAR) que utilitza les dues components polarimètriques de l'ona EM i 2) la Interferometria SAR que s'obté per la combinació de dues imatges SAR adquirides des de posicions molt properes. Per a una banda, la polarització de l'ona EM és una propietat intrínseca de l'ona que ajuda a aïllar estructures geomètriques particulars per mitjà de la teoria de descomposició de blancs (TD). Per l'altra, la interferometria treu profit de la diferencia de fase entre les dues imatges SAR per obtenir la tercera dimensió de l'escena.
PolSAR and InSAR presenten grans possibilitats per la monitorització de vaixells ja que poden solucionar algunes de les limitacions dels mètodes clàssics. Desafortunadament, encara no han estat profundament estudiades a causa de les dificultats en obtenir dades reals validades. Això ha limitat el nombre d'estudis en aquesta temàtica. En aquest entorn, la tesi està orientada a avaluar fins a quin punt les tècniques PolSAR i InSAR poden ser útils per la monitorització de vaixells. Per a tal propòsit, s'han fixat quatre objectius importants:
1. El desenvolupament d'un simulador SAR eficient que doni imatges realistes de vaixells i que solucioni el dèficit de dades reals en entorns marins.
2. L'estudi de la dispersió dels vaixells que fixi els principals mecanismes de dispersió observats en imatges SAR i com es relacionen amb la geometria dels vaixells.
3. Un estudi de les prestacions de les tècniques actuals d'anàlisis de dades PolSAR en la classificació de vaixells.
4. El desenvolupament d'un mètode nou i eficient per la identificació de vaixells.
Al llarg de la tesis, els diferents punts seran estudiats i resolts. El desenvolupament de GRECOSAR, un simulador SAR de blancs complexes que dóna imatges de vaixells similars a les adquirides en entorns reals, ha estat essencial per estudiar les propietats de dispersió dels vaixells. Ha permès demostrar que els vaixells es poden distingir a partir del seu patró dispersiu, el qual és senzill i dominat per alguns dispersors guia que presenten una marcada estabilitat i potència de dispersió. Amb aquests resultats ha estat possible desenvolupar un nou mètode que pot identificar vaixells sota condicions d'observació adverses. Combina característiques polarimètriques i interferomètriques SAR (PolInSAR) per inferir estimacions 3D de la geometria dels vaixells. Diferents tests han demostrat que aquest mètode dóna una millor fiabilitat en la identificació que altres mètodes actualment disponibles. Malgrat tot, fixa uns requeriments tecnològics més elevats, sobretot en la resolució de les imatges i en les característiques PolInSAR. La nova generació de sensors SAR els poden cobrir.
Oceans support a complex and fragile chain that links a high number of biological, sociological and economical factors. In these days, this ecosystem is endangered by human activity and one of the main hot spots is overfishing. As a result, authorities worldwide have become aware about the necessity to law-protect the marine environment in order to assure the safety and sustenance of human beings. This demands the development of fisheries policy to monitor the activities of ships.
Up to now, different vessel monitoring proposals have been considered, for instance transponders, optical remote sensing or passive acoustic sensors. The lessons learnt in real scenarios have shown that none of these solutions is efficient. A feasible option may be the so-called active Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) technology. It uses the reflectivity/scattering properties of vessels for basing the identification process with independence of any atmospheric phenomena and day/night cycle. SAR sensors synthesize an antenna aperture larger than the real one and this allows to acquire reflectivity images of some tens of kilometers wide with a resolution of few meters.
In vessel monitoring, SAR imagery has proven good performance for vessel detection. They take profit of the fact that vessels normally backscatter more power than the sea and, hence, they appear in the images as bright spots. But their usefulness in vessel identification has not been established yet. There are two main limitations, namely: 1) the resolution of current systems that appears to be not enough for isolating geometrical features from the reflectivity information of SAR images and 2) the distortions that vessel' signatures experiment within sea scenarios. Such problems can be solved up to certain extend if multidimensional SAR data is used. This concept refers to the possibility to acquire different SAR images by modifying one or more imaging parameters. In the scope of vessel classification, there are two main options, namely: 1) SAR polarimetry (PolSAR) that refers to the usage of the two polarimetric components of the EM wave and 2) SAR interferometry (InSAR) derived by combining two SAR images acquired from slightly different positions. On the one hand, the polarization of an EM wave is an intrinsic wave property that helps on identifying specific geometrical structures via Target Decomposition (TD) theory. On the other hand, Interferometry takes profit of the phase difference between the two SAR images to retrieve the third dimension of the scene.
PolSAR and InSAR have great potentialities for supporting vessel monitoring as they can overcome some of the limitations of classical methods. Unfortunately, they have not been exploited yet due to the difficulties on having at one's disposal real data with reliable ground-truth. This has limited the number of works tackling such issue. In this framework, the current thesis is focused to evaluate up to which extend PolSAR and InSAR imagery are reliable for vessel monitoring. For such purpose, four main goals are proposed, namely:
1. The development of an efficient SAR simulation environment that provides realistic vessel SAR images and overcomes the current data deficiency related to marine scenarios.
2. The study of vessel scattering to fix the main polarimetric scattering mechanisms observed in vessel SAR images and how they are related with the geometries of vessels.
3. A performance study of current analysis tools of PolSAR data in vessel classification.
4. The development of a novel and efficient methodology for vessel identification.
Along the thesis, the different points are studied and solved. The development of GRECOSAR, a SAR simulator of complex targets able to provide vessel images similar to those obtained in real scenarios, has been essential for studying the scattering properties of vessels. It has allowed to show that vessels can be distinguished by means of their scattering pattern, which appear to be not so complex and dominated by some guide scatters that present a marked reflectivity stability and scattered power. With these results, a new approach able to identify vessels even under adverse observation conditions has been developed. It combines polarimetric and interferometric SAR (PolInSAR) capabilities to retrieve 3D estimates of the geometry of ships. Different tests have shown that the proposed method provides better identification confidence than other available methods. However, it demands higher technological requirements in terms of image resolution and PolInSAR features. The new generation of SAR sensors may fulfill them.
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Martinez, Garcia Javier [Verfasser], Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Vossiek, Christian [Gutachter] Waldschmidt, and Mario [Gutachter] Huemer. "Classification of MIMO-FMCW radar images with convolutional neural networks in a parking monitoring application / Javier Martinez Garcia ; Gutachter: Christian Waldschmidt, Mario Huemer ; Betreuer: Martin Vossiek." Erlangen : Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 2020. http://d-nb.info/1214443494/34.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Images radar marin"
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Automatic Detection Algorithms of Oil Spill in Radar Images. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
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Marghany, Maged. Automatic Detection Algorithms of Oil Spill in Radar Images. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
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Marghany, Maged. Automatic Detection Algorithms of Oil Spill in Radar Images. Taylor & Francis Group, 2021.
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Marghany, Maged. Automatic Detection Algorithms of Oil Spill in Radar Images. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Images radar marin"
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Picetti, Francesco. "How Deep Learning Can Help Solving Geophysical Inverse Problems." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 141–52. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15374-7_12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractThis brief summarizes some of the main results I obtained during my Ph.D. studies at Politecnico di Milano, under the supervision of Professor Stefano Tubaro. The thesis provides contributions to understanding the advantages, and limitations, of data-driven deep learning approaches to geophysical inverse problems, with a special focus on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Exploration Geophysics aims at estimating accurate physical properties of the Earth subsurface from seismic data acquired close to the surface. Seismic data show a great variety of statistically relevant and independent patterns. I devise Deep Learning methods to solve several geophysical tasks by learning such patterns. First, I devise generative networks as a post-processing operator for refining reflectivity images. When trained on pure image datasets, these networks suffer from the lack of physical knowledge. Then, I show a different approach named Deep Priors, which are CNNs that precondition the inverse problem. In particular, I develop a scheme to interpolate seismic data. Finally, I leverage the features extraction ability of CNNs for buried landmine detection on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) acquisitions. While the presented methods are effective compared to the state of the art, improvements can be achieved by integrating pure data-driven algorithms within general inverse problems theory through a-priori information derived from domain knowledge.
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Zhang, Jiaju, Zhen Zuo, Sun Bei, Peng Wu, and Honghe Huang. "UKF-EC: Combining the Unscented Kalman Filter and the Maximum Weight Algorithms for Moving Target Tracking in Marine Radar Images." In Proceedings of 2022 International Conference on Autonomous Unmanned Systems (ICAUS 2022), 1830–44. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0479-2_170.
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Chen, Xinwei, Weimin Huang, and Björn Lund. "Wind parameter measurement using X-band marine radar images." In Ocean Remote Sensing Technologies: High frequency, marine and GNSS-based radar, 401–24. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/sbra537e_ch17.
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Yahia, Mohamed, and Tarig Ali. "SAR Image Denoising using MMSE Techniques." In Denoising - New Insights [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108362.
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Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) provides many advantages over optical remote sensing, principally the all-weather and all-day acquisition capability. For this reason, SAR images have been exploited for many applications such as forestry, agriculture, disaster monitoring, sea/ice monitoring. However, the main limitation in SAR images is the contamination with the multiplicative speckle noise. The speckle damages the radiometric quality of SAR images and contracts the performance of information extraction techniques. Many methods have been proposed in the literature to reduce speckle noise. These methods, however, must avoid degrading the useful information in the SAR images, such as textures, local mean of backscatter, and point targets. The minimum mean square error (MMSE) techniques have been largely applied in SAR image speckle denoising. The objective of this chapter is to review and give new insights into the MMSE denoising of SAR images. In particular, the performances of three MMSE-based techniques which are the commonly applied Lee sigma filter and the newly introduced iterative MMSE (IMMSE) filter, and the infinite number of looks prediction (INLP) filter are studied.
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Chernyshov, Pavel, Teodor Vrecica, and Yaron Toledo. "Wavelet-based methods to invert sea surfaces and bathymetries from X-band radar images." In Ocean Remote Sensing Technologies: High frequency, marine and GNSS-based radar, 313–31. Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/sbra537e_ch13.
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Vijayakumar, Singanamalla. "Computational Techniques of Oil Spill Detection in Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Review Cases." In Recent Oil Spill Challenges That Require More Attention [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.108115.
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In this chapter, a major role of environmental assessment is an oil spill identifies or detected from the coastal region surfaces or marine surroundings. Normally, the oil spills on the coastal regions impact their characteristics of environmental activities. However, these activities are monitoring through several radar satellites and sensor. For those achievable activities detecting or identifying, many researchers developed several approaches. Particularly, this chapter discusses about the detection of oil spill current operational effects on coastal region surfaces. In addition, the current research operations of oil spill characterizations and quality of its impacts, effects of current environmental bio-systems, their control measurement strategies, and its surveillance operations are discussed. Finally, the oil spill detection is done through the SAR image region classification based on its feature extraction. This could be monitored from the image dark region selection through remote sensing techniques.
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Habeeb Alghanimi, Abdulhameed. "Medical Application of Ultra-Wideband Technology." In Innovations in Ultra-Wideband Technologies. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93577.
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This chapter deals with the applications of ultra-wideband technology, especially for medical scope, and the most features and advantages that made it useful in this scope. Also, the chapter has been included with the most important medical applications of UWB technology. Ultra-wideband radar for angiography and UWB glucometer are the main applications which will be explained in this chapter. The exposure for safety aspects, the dielectric properties of human tissues, blood dielectric properties measurement using open-ended coaxial probe experiment to improve the blood image, and the ideal ultra-wideband pulses’ shape, width, and repetition time that are used for medical applications have been illustrated. Finally, the results (figures, tables, and experiment results), conclusions, and discussions have been mentioned.
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"A Targets Detection Approach Based on an improved R-CNN Algorithm for Inland River Crossing Area Marine Radar Image." In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Safety and Security of Autonomous Vessels (ISSAV) and European STAMP Workshop and Conference (ESWC) 2019, 58–72. Sciendo, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/9788395669606-006.
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Mostipan, Oleksandr. "PERSPECTIVES OF MODERNIZATION OF THE COMMUNICATION STRATEGY OF THE VERKHOVNA RADA OF UKRAINE FOR 2017-2021 YEARS." In Integration of traditional and innovation processes of development of modern science. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-021-6-9.
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The article examines the issue of improving the Communication Strategy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for 2017-2021 to increase the level of trust in Parliament, raise the political and legal culture of citizens, counteract information wars and operations against the Parliament, as well as the development of e-democracy. It is noted that the low level of public trust in Parliament causes the necessity of modernizing the parliamentary system of communications in the vector of approximation to EU standards and raising the political and legal culture of citizens. The thesis is grounded on the necessity of developing a communication system of protection against information wars and operations against the Parliament of Ukraine, forming its positive image and counteracting manipulative media. The main criterion for the effectiveness of the Strategy is proposed to be the increase of the level of trust in the Parliament and parliamentarians. It is suggested to pay more attention to the formation of the institutional basis for the implementation of the Communication Strategy: responsible entities, their job responsibilities and necessary resources. The implementation of joint projects of the Parliament of Ukraine with universities and research institutions, the establishment of a school of communications, conducting seminars, trainings and forums in cooperation with civil society will have a positive impact on the implementation of the Communication Strategy. This will develop the tradition of communication and understanding of the parliamentarian as a professional communicator. The implementation of the Communication Strategy envisages increasing the efficiency of the information space monitoring system, timely response to negative reports about the Parliament and prevention of their occurrence, which is the basis of anti-crisis communications. The tools that ensure the openness of the Parliament not only contribute to the realization of the idea of representation, but also immanently pose threats to democracy through manipulative media, trolling, cyberbullying. Digital communications are important, but by themselves will not completely solve the problem of low confidence in Parliament, and are seen as a modern tool that can be updated at any time. The implementation of the Communication Strategy of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for 2017-2021 should be considered in the context of ensuring the national security of the state, branding of Ukraine in the world and responding to opportunities-threats from globalization.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Images radar marin"
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O'Connell, Barbara J. "Ice Hazard Radar." In SNAME 9th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2010-179.
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Ships transiting polar regions would benefit from a marine ice navigation radar that could help them differentiate between dangerous multi-year ice and thick first-year ice. Conventional marine radars are designed for target detection and avoidance. Enhanced marine radars provide a higher definition image of the ice that the vessel is transiting through and may help the user to identify certain ice features, but they cannot distinguish first year ice from old ice. This paper presents one approach for the automated identification of sea ice types by a marine radar using cross-polarization technology.
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O’Connell, Barbara J. "Marine Radar for Improved Ice Detection." In SNAME 8th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2008-136.
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A high-speed marine radar combined with advanced digital processing can produce high resolution images that allow the user to identify hazardous ice features and small icebergs which are nearly impossible to see with a conventional radar. The Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) is working in partnership with Transport Canada’s Transportation Development Centre (TDC) to develop an “Ice Hazard Radar”. The system was evaluated in three dedicated trials on board the icebreaker CCGS Henry Larsen to fully demonstrate the capability of the radar in a variety of operating environments and ice conditions. This paper presents the results of the trials.
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Li, Wei, Houxiang Zhang, and Ottar L. Osen. "A UAV SAR Prototype for Marine and Arctic Application." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61264.
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SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar ) systems are special types of radar that produce high resolution images (comparable to optical sensors) in all weather conditions, night and day. SAR sensors have many applications in marine and arctic applications. In this paper a compact SAR prototype system is developed for UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) platform. The radar is based on FMCW (Frequency-Modulated Continuous-Wave) radar mode. The system integrates a high performance RTK (Real Time Kinematic) GPS and IMU (inertial measurement unit) based motion compensation module, FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) based controller and signal processing module. It has a resolution of 0.3 meter with the weight below 2 kg. It has been test and verified on the guide rail, car and integrated on a rotary UAV. The system will extend the capability of UAV in the marine and arctic remote sensing area.
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Wijaya, A. P. "Towards Nonlinear Wave Reconstruction and Prediction From Synthetic Radar Images." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54496.
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The use of remotely wave sensing by a marine radar is increasingly needed to provide wave information for the sake of safety and operational effectiveness in many offshore activities. Reconstruction of radar images needs to be carried out since radar images are a poor representation of the sea surface elevation: effects like shadowing and tilt determine the backscattered intensity of the images. In [1], the sea state reconstruction and wave propagation to the radar has been tackled successfully for synthetic radar images of linear seas, except for a scaling in the vertical direction. The determination of the significant wave height from the shadowed images only has been described in [2]. This paper will summarize these methods, and provides the first results for the extension to nonlinear seas.
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Chen, Xiaolong, Jian Guan, Zhigao Wang, Hai Zhang, and Guoqing Wang. "Marine Targets Detection for Scanning Radar Images Based on Radar- YOLONet." In 2021 CIE International Conference on Radar (Radar). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar53847.2021.10028264.
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Chen, Xinwei, and Weimin Huang. "Rain Detection From X-Band Marine Radar Images." In 2019 IEEE Radar Conference (RadarConf19). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2019.8835559.
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Frejlichowski, Dariusz, and Andrzej Lisaj. "Analysis of lossless radar images compression for navigation in marine traffic and remote transmission." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4720964.
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Nieto-Borge, Jose C., Victor del Estal-Fernandez, Pilar Jarabo-Amores, and Konstanze Reichert. "Moving ship detection in presence of sea clutter from temporal sequences of marine radar images." In 2008 International Conference on Radar (Radar 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4653897.
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Nieto-Borge, Jose C., Ana M. Baquero-Martinez, David de la Mata-Moya, and Jose L. Alvarez-Perez. "Analysis of the sea clutter structure using temporal sequences of X-band marine radar images." In 2008 International Conference on Radar (Radar 2008). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4653987.
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Nieto-Borge, Jose C., Katrin Hessner, Pilar Jarabo-Amores, and David de la Mata Moya. "Analysis of sea state parameters and ocean currents from temporal sequences of marine radar images of the sea surface." In 2008 IEEE Radar Conference (RADAR). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radar.2008.4721062.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Images radar marin"
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Werle, D. Radar remote sensing for application in forestry: a literature review for investigators and potential users of SAR data in Canada. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329188.
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Information provided in this document allows potential users of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery as well as investigators participating in the Canadian Radar Data Development Program (RDDP) to obtain an overview of achievements, limitations and future potential of radar remote sensing for application in forestry, as portrayed in the published literature. Investigations concerned with radar remote sensing and its potential for application in forestry are reviewed. The main focus of these studies was the determination of microwave backscatter characteristics of forestry targets using different radar parameters, such as frequency, polarizations and incidence angle. Examples of selected targets include the following: coniferous and deciduous tree species, stands of different structure, age, tree height, clearcuts, or forestry environments in general as they change with the seasons. More than 75 studies based on airborne imaging radar, spaceborne radar as well as scatterometer data have been considered. Previous reviews which summarize information available in western Europe and North America are briefly introduced. Then, recent investigations covering the time period from the early 1980's onward are portrayed and discussed. The main results are summarized in a set of conclusions, followed by list of selected references and a list of Canadian institutions and organizations currently involved in radar remote sensing R&D for application in forestry.
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Deschamps, Robert, and Henschel. PR-420-133721-R01 Comparison of Radar Satellite Methods for Observation of Stability. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010840.
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This report discusses the use of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) satellites for monitoring above ground pipelines and buried pipeline Rights-Of-Way (ROWs) using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques. The main thrust of the research was to evaluate the suitability of above-ground pipeline support members as InSAR measurement points, and to adapt existing techniques to allow for precise monitoring of jacking and subsidence caused by permafrost degradation and dynamics. The study site at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska includes more than 60,000 horizontal pipeline supports. The known locations of supports were used to identify and isolate supports in the radar imagery, and the phase and intensity of supports were analyzed to determine their ability to provide reliable estimates of deformation. An additional component of this research was the comparison of two satellites operating at different frequencies, RADARSAT-2 operating at C-band and TerraSAR-X operating at X-band. One year of data was acquired with both sensors in similar acquisition geometries and resolutions, at 24-day intervals for RADARSAT-2 and 11-day intervals for TerraSAR-X. Recommendations are made on the choice of wavelength and concerning future work in this area. A list of technical requirements is also provided. The technologies for obtaining ground deformation estimates from natural targets, coherent targets and homogeneous and distributed targets are explained and supported by three operational case-studies in different environments. The work should provide above-ground pipeline operators working in permafrost areas with a clear view of the current state of research towards the operationalization of InSAR monitoring, but also of current operational capabilities in other pipeline applications, including ROW geohazard monitoring and monitoring of buried pipelines crossing Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) fields.