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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Imagerie accélérée – Dissertation universitaire"
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Дисертації з теми "Imagerie accélérée – Dissertation universitaire"
Desrues, Mathilde. "Surveillance opérationnelle de mouvements gravitaires par séries temporelles d'images." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021STRAH002.
Повний текст джерелаUnderstanding the dynamics and the behavior of gravitational slope movements is essential to anticipate catastrophic failures and thus to protect lives and infrastructures. Several geodetic techniques already bring some information on the displacement / deformation fields of the unstable slopes. These techniques allow the analysis of the geometrical properties of the moving masses and of the mechanical behavior of the slopes. By combining time series of passive terrestrial imagery and these classical techniques, the amount of collected information is densified and spatially distributed. Digital passive sensors are increasingly used for the detection and the monitoring of gravitational motion. They provide both qualitative information, such as the detection of surface changes, and a quantitative characterization, such as the quantification of the soil displacement by correlation techniques. Our approach consists in analyzing time series of terrestrial images from either a single fixed camera or pair-wise cameras, the latter to obtain redundant and additional information. The time series are processed to detect the areas in which the Kinematic behavior is homogeneous. The slope properties, such as the sliding volume and the thickness of the moving mass, are part of the analysis results to obtain an overview which is as complete as possible. This work is presented around the analysis of four landslides located in the French Alps. It is part of a CIFRE/ANRT agreement between the SAGE Society - Société Alpine de Géotechnique (Gières, France) and the IPGS - Institut de Physique du Globe de Strasbourg / CNRS UMR 7516 (Strasbourg, France)
Radi-Abokhair, Maiada. "Reconstruction tridimensionelle de la morphogenèse du pancréas chez l'homme et chez le rat pendant la période embryonaire du stade 12 au stade 23." Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1TA08.
Повний текст джерелаThe study based on the morphogenesis of the pancreas since the appearance of the first ceIls in both pancreatic buds, dorsal and ventral, and right from stage 12 of the embryonic deveiopment, to the final formation of the pancreas at stage 23 which corresponds to the end of the embryonic period during the Sth post-ovulatory week. This study was performed using seriai embryonic sections of 45 specimens, including 9 human embryos and 36 embryos of rats. After the acquisition of micro photographie images of the. Sections, three-dimensional reconstructions were performed for each stage of development, with the :MRI computer software Object 1v1odeling Workbench, developed by the CNRS in Montpellier (Department :MERC-CNRS team Travo P. , VLBaecker). . The dynamics of development, the fusion of the two pancreatic buds and the phenomena of rotation were clearly observed. The knowledge of the stages during the morphogenesis of the three-dimensional reconstruction of the pancreas provides elements for the diagnostic approach and the therapeutic management of various diseases of the body, which oecur during the embryonic period. The similarity of the morphogenesis of the pancreas in humans and rats shows that the rat embryo provides a good experimentaI model
Jissendi, Tchofo Patrice. "Les dysplasies cérébelleuses : corrélations anatomo-fonctionnelles." Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635755.
Повний текст джерелаVerger, Antoine. "Quantification du métabolisme glycolytique cérébral en imagerie TEP au 18F-FDG : caractérisation de l’impact du vieillissement et de sa composante accélérée d’origine vasculaire." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0274/document.
Повний текст джерела18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) is a brain-imaging technique allowing brain glycolytic metabolism to be quantified. The aim of this doctoral thesis work was to try to better characterize the aging-related changes in brain metabolism, including the part with a possible vascular origin, thanks to a three-dimensional voxel-based quantitative analysis of 18F-FDG PET images. Our work shows firstly that there is a clear advantage to use a particular spatial normalization software (BM: Block Matching) for the brain quantitative analysis, at least for the providing of templates adapted to each study population. This advantage was shown, initially, for the localization of temporal epileptic foci and thereafter, for quantifying the age-related changes in brain metabolism (enhanced determination of the involved brain areas). With this method, a decrease in brain metabolism could be documented throughout the life especially within certain frontal areas. In addition, we tried to determine the component of cerebral aging, which might be of a vascular origin and thus, susceptible to be treated or prevented by vascular treatments. In this research field, we have shown that microvascular abnormalities, setting within white-matter and called leukoaraiosis, were associated with a decrease in the grey-matter metabolism, in particular within certain frontal areas. This effect was independent of the inherent effect of age and of cortical atrophy. Finally, in a population of older patients with a high prevalence of hypertension, we showed that the blood pressure level was correlated to a brain metabolic remodeling, especially when this pressure was measured at central level and when considering the pulse pressure and a threshold value of 50 mmHg. The global cerebral aging and its acceleration in relation to vascular factors may be assessed by 18F-FDG PET when using an adapted voxel-based quantitative method. This assessment could potentially be useful for the monitoring of vascular treatments and for differentiating the aging- and vascular-related metabolic changes to those corresponding to brain diseases of other origins
Sotty, Jules. "Toxicité in vitro des particules atmosphériques fines et ultrafines : focus sur les bronchopneumopathies chroniques et la fonction mitochondriale." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S024.
Повний текст джерелаEpidemiological studies have highlighted an association between ambient particulate matter (PM) level and hospital admissions or even mortality related with exacerbation of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). While the role of inhaled PM in exacerbating these pathologies has been reported, pathophysiological mechanisms initiating and maintaining airway inflammation are not yet well understood. Reported health issues seems to be mostly caused by finest particles, due to their ability to diffuse deeply in the lungs, where clearance is less effective. Although numerous experimental studies demonstrated the toxicity of fine particles (PM2.5), mainly through oxidative stress-induced airway inflammation, only few studies have paid close attention to the ultrafine fraction (PM0.1), which attains new properties at nanometric scale. Because of its high specific surface area, PM0.1 is likely to be more biologically reactive. In this study, in vitro assays were conducted, exposing differentiated models of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBEC), from healthy, asthmatic and COPD-diseased donors, to one or three low dose of PM0.18-2.5 and PM0.18. Cytotoxicity, extracellular secretion of proinflammatory mediators and gene expression were studied. Furthermore, mitochondrion is a major endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through oxidative metabolism, and coordinate many cell survival signaling processes. In this context, alterations in mitochondrial dynamic and function might play a key role in maintaining PM-induced oxidative stress and inflammation within lung cells, especially in case of chronic lung diseases initiation and/or exacerbation. Human bronchial epithelial BEAS-2B cells were also acutely or repeatedly exposed to low doses of fine (PM0.18-2.5) or ultrafine (PM0.18) particles, in order to characterize mitochondrial dynamic and function without massive cell death. Results highlighted in this study should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms governing the initiation and/or exacerbation of chronic airway lung diseases induced by air pollution-derived fine and ultra-fine PM
Durand, Matthieu. "Imagerie expérimentale ex vivo de haute résolution à 7 tesla du cancer localisé de la prostate." Thesis, Lille 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL2S015/document.
Повний текст джерелаProstate MRI at 1.5T or 3T is the best imaging modality for tumor detection. Weinvestigated high resolution MRI at 7T on prostate specimen tissue to improve spatialresolution and prostate cancer detection.First part of experiments consisted of setting up new imaging protocol with 7T MRI onex vivo prostatic tissue. Imaging was carried out on all or part of specimen from radicalprostatectomy of patients or prostate harvested from deceased organ donors.Collected data resulted in new protocol parameters for fast spin echo needed to yielda spatial resolution of 60 X 60 X 90 μm3. High spatial resolution imaging was used toidentify relevant morphological structures for characterization of the prostate gland andtumor as compared to histology.Second part of work was done with whole gland imaging at 7T of radical prostatectomyspecimens of patients. Imaging protocol was based on the outcomes from the first partof experiments and consisted in T2W with high resolution of 130 X130 X195 μm3,diffusion and ADC map. Two independent and blinded reviewers were in charge ofimaging quality assessment and tumor detection. Overall quality was great with goodagreement between the two reviewers. Correlation study for prostate cancer detectionwith the corresponding H&E was of 70%, 80%, 79% and 72% for sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value, respectively.We measured the resolution of 7T MRI of ex vivo prostatic tissue, and it’s benefits intumor detection. New semiology should be designed at 7T to improve theunderstanding of prostatic tissue in further experiments. In future, these findings canbe extrapolated to carry out in 7T MRI of in vivo prostate gland
Marie, Solène. "Imagerie translationnelle pour la mise en évidence des répercussions pharmacocinétiques des transporteurs de médicaments Imaging Probes and Modalities for the Study of Solute Carrier O (SLCO)-Transport Function In Vivo Validation of Pharmacological Protocols for Targeted Inhibition of Canalicular MRP2 Activity in Hepatocytes Using [99mTc]mebrofenin Imaging in Rats." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASQ004.
Повний текст джерелаDrug distribution from blood to tissues, where pharmacological and/or toxic effects occur, often involves transporters that control their passage across biological membranes. Organic-Anion Transporting Polypeptides (OATP), among other hepatocyte transporters, mediate the hepatic elimination of many drugs. Some OATPs are expressed in other organs where their impact for pharmacokinetics is unclear.The aim of this work was to develop original imaging methods to selectively measure the OATP-mediated transport at the blood-tissue interface. First, we used [99mTc]mebrofenin, a radiopharmaceutical routinely used for hepatobiliary scintigraphy. In rats, we validated a targeted pharmacological inhibition protocol, feasible in Humans, allowing to study the sinusoidal OATP activity apart from biliary excretion,in a non-invasive way.Then we optimized the analysis methods of PET (positron emission tomography) kinetics obtained using the new OATP-substrate probe [11C]glyburide, used for the first time in Humans. A whole-body dynamic acquisition method enabled quantitative determination of OATP function in the liver and other tissues in primate and in Humans.Translational imaging offers novel perspectives for original pharmacokinetic studies, that could not be envisioned in humans so far. Thanks to the development of radiopharmaceuticals to measure drug transporters activity and to the optimization of imaging data analysis, it is possible to study their functional impact on drug distribution and elimination at the tissue level in humans
Lardiere-Deguelte, Sophie. "Tumeurs neuroendocrines du grêle : chirurgie de la tumeur primitive et des métastases mésentériques." Thesis, Reims, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021REIMM201.
Повний текст джерелаSurgery is the only potentially curative treatment for neuroendocrine tumors of the small intestine (SiNET). This thesis, resulting from a collaborative work, focuses on the surgical management of the primary tumor(s) and mesenteric metastases of SiNET through three original articles.The first article proposes a classification of metastatic mesenteric lymph nodes, based on preoperative imaging, in order to better define their resectability. This work also shows the lack of correlation between the length of resected small intestine and the number of nodes analyzed.The second study highlights two factors, visible on the initial morphological imaging, associated with symptomatic TNE-IG. These factors are the presence of: (i) a visible primary tumor and/or (ii) a metastatic mass contact >180° with superior mesenteric. This work leads us to propose local tumor resection in the presence of one of these two signs, even in presence of unresectable liver metastases.Finally, in the third study, we collected the results of repeat resection after an initial sub-optimal resection for TNE-IG. This management strategy proposed by some experts seems inconsistently implemented (especially if no residual tumor is visible on imaging) and has never been published. Tumor remnants were found in 95% of the patients who underwent repeat resection. Remission was obtained in more than half of the cases.These three studies provide numerous leads for future multi-center work
Delion, Matthieu. "La chirurgie éveillée chez l'enfant Specifities of awake craniotomy and brain mapping in children for resection of supratentorial tumours in the language areas." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0073.
Повний текст джерелаIntraoperative cortical and subcortical direct stimulation surgery while awake (CSCSSA) is rarely used to operate in functional areas of the brain in children. Only small series have been published regarding children. However, this procedure is considered to be a gold standard for identifying and preserving the eloquent cortical and subcortical sites. Indeed the child’s survival and the quality of life depend on the quality of the tumor resection. The unifying idea of my thesis was the transfer of the CSCSSA from adults to children.The first work of this thesis was to study the feasibility of the CSCSSA in children through our clinical experience. We also showed that CSCSSA could be applied in children in a safe way with good clinical and radiological results. Some precautions should also be observed, notably concerning the preparation of these young patients. The second step of this thesis was to evaluate the psychological impact of this kind of procedure in children, thanks to the cooperation of the child psychiatrists. The child’s experience was good in every case. None of our patients presented symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder after the surgery. The third objective was to evaluate the use of resting state functional MRI (rsfMRI) in children for the preoperative planning. We demonstrated not only the strong correlation between rsfMRI and brain electrical mapping, but also the superiority in terms of sensibility and specificity of rsfMRI compared to task based functional MRI. Indeed rsfMRI allowed us to isolate the attentional networks, which interfere with the results of task based functional MRI
Tasserie, Jordy. "Functional Neuro-Imaging Study of Deep Brain Stimulation Mechanisms for the Restoration of Consciousness Using a Non-Human Primate Mode Pypreclin: An Automatic Pipeline for Macaque Functional MRI." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL051.
Повний текст джерелаSevere brain injuries may lead to the disruption of long-range inter-region brain communications resulting in chronic Disorders of Consciousness (DoC). Electrical Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) of the Thalamus has been reported to modulate arousal and ameliorate behavior in Minimally Conscious State (MCS) patients. However, there is no clear demonstration of the cerebral mechanisms for the specific and causal restoration of conscious access, i.e. awareness, with DBS. Here we hypothesized that specific thalamic DBS might restore both arousal and awareness through the restoration of thalamo-cortical activity and the subsequent reorganization of cortical dynamics. We first designed an experimental set-up combining DBS and functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) in Non-Human Primate (NHP) and applied finely tuned anesthesia to suppress consciousness. We recorded whole brain activity and developed a preprocessing pipeline, Pypreclin, to tackle the electrode-induced artifact. During deep sedation, Centro-Median Thalamic (CMT) DBS robustly induced arousal in an ON-OFF fashion. When CMT DBS was switched ON, fMRI signal increased in prefrontal, parietal and cingulate cortices, and gradually returned to baseline seconds after the stimulator was turned OFF. Moreover, CMT DBS led to a reconfiguration of Resting State cortical dynamics bydecreasing the function-structure similarity, previously described as a consciousness signature. Finally, CMT DBS restored a broad hierarchical response to global auditory regularities that was disrupted under general anesthesia. Thus, CMT DBS restored the two main dimensions of consciousness, i.e. arousal and awareness, paving the way to its therapeutical translation in patients with chronic DoC