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1
Les petits français illustrés, 1860-1940: L'illustration pour enfants en France de 1860 à 1940, les modes de représentation, les grands illustrateurs, les formes éditoriales. Paris: Editions du Cercle de la librairie, 1989.
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Barykin, Alex, Valentin Ikryannikov, and Yuriy Budkin. National system of standardization of the Russian Federation. Principles, goals, objectives, forecast of development. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1058023.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The monograph presents the research questions of efficiency of functioning of national standardization system of the Russian Federation, which was conducted by the authors in the framework of the analytical work on the order of Minpromtorg of Russia in 2018 (the state contract from April 17, 2018 No. 18401.16Д0190019.10.002) taking into account the actual directions of development of national standardization system of the Russian Federation and additional generalizations. The assessment of the current scenario of the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation was carried out using comparable indicators of the national standardization systems of France, Germany, great Britain and the USA. The findings and proposals were based on the results of a survey of civil servants at the Federal and regional levels on approaches to strategic dimensions of standardization. The methodology of forecasting the development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation includes a scenario approach and a method of constructing dispersion diagrams (bubble diagrams) and sufficiently illustrates the current state of Affairs in the field of standardization at the national level. The developed tools will require additional configuration when changing the current development scenario from "inertial" to "progressive". A number of author's proposals to change the current scenario of development of the national standardization system of the Russian Federation are presented.
It is of interest to a wide range of readers and specialists in the field of public administration, standardization and can be used in the preparation of curricula and manuals for undergraduate, graduate and further education.
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Hoffmann, George. The Legacy of French Reformation Satire. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198808763.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Although the schismatic and iconoclastic sensibilities visible in French reformed satires doomed the movement in France, a number of attitudes explored through the fantastic-voyage device spread into French culture generally. Montaigne illustrates how the French, exposed to such ideas earlier in their lives, assimilated their conclusions even as they rejected the Reformation. Montaigne’s celebrated essay “Of Cannibals” turns both the surface imagery and the deeper structure of Reformation satire toward a new form of “inner distance” where one entertains considering oneself a stranger. Responding to reformers’ emphasis on the contingency of custom and their new procedures of observation, the essay defamiliarizes the Mass through implicit comparison with the ceremony of cannibalism. Finally, Montaigne avails himself of “stranger sociability” in elaborating a new form of anonymous intimacy with his reader. France may have remained confessionally Catholic, but it became culturally reformed.
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Kundahl, George G., ed. Wearing the Military Uniform of the United States. University of North Carolina Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/9780807895702_kundahl.7.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter presents two excerpts from Ramseur's first letter to his mother from West Point, dated August 15, 1855 that illustrates his transition from upbringing to matriculation. It reports that the U.S. Military Academy was the nation's premier engineering school with a curriculum designed to prepare its graduates to build the river and harbour works, lighthouses, canals, and railroads needed by a burgeoning nation. The U.S. Military Academy also served to prepare topographical and military engineers for times of war. The chapter notes that the institution had been founded early in the nineteenth century, modeled after Sandhurst and St. Cyr, its counterparts in England and France respectively.
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Shadle, Matthew A. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660130.003.0017.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The conclusion looks at the teaching of Pope Francis, considering the possibility that it represents the emergence of a new framework for Catholic social teaching. Pope Francis has emphasized that the encounter with Jesus Christ brings about an experience of newness and openness. He has also proposed a cosmic theological vision. His concept of “integral ecology,” introduced in his encyclical Laudato Si’, illustrates how human society is interconnected with the natural ecology of the planet earth and the entire cosmos. He proposes that the economy, society, culture, and daily life are all interconnected “ecologies.” In a speech to the World Meeting of Popular Movements in 2015, Pope Francis also explains how social movements devoted to local issues can nevertheless have a profound effect on the structures of the global economy. In his teachings, Pope Francis presents an organicist and communitarian vision of economic life.
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Fontana, Biancamaria. Politics as Propaganda. Princeton University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691169040.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter illustrates how Staël's analysis of the Jacobins' performance raises the question of the role she attributed, in the revolutionary process, to what she referred to as “the people” or “the nation.” On her account, if the mass of the people harbored the expectations that agitated French society, these shapeless aspirations acquired political significance only through the initiative of some active minority groups. The Revolution itself appeared to be the work of rival elites who pursued different political designs, each of them claiming to act according to the wishes of the whole nation. For Staël this interaction between the French people and its ruling elites was at best problematic. Because the country lacked a tradition of free government, in France the normal relations between a free nation and its elected representatives had not yet taken shape.
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Psygkas, Athanasios. Greece. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190632762.003.0004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The chapter traces Greece’s traditional focus on conventional notions of administrative accountability through legislative delegation and the involvement of the Council of State as a consultative and judicial body. The pattern of state-society relations in the country has also been described as statist. The EU public consultation mandates were therefore transposed into an institutional environment which, like France, was not particularly hospitable to the idea of open public involvement in policymaking. Nevertheless, the Greek case is distinctive. The chapter assesses the transformative impact of EU law against the specific background of the twin challenge facing Greece: weak administrative capacity and an underdeveloped civil society. The case illustrates that the introduction of participatory processes is a necessary but not always a sufficient condition for the new accountability paradigm to take strong roots. It may, however, helpfully turn the spotlight on structural deficiencies and the need for institutional reform.
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Goyer, Michel, and Miguel Glatzer. Globalization. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines the impact, and political mediation, of globalization on the French political economy. There is little disagreement that globalizing forces are changing countries in a profound manner. Nowhere, however, has globalization generated such anxieties as in France, despite the economic benefits that it brings. This ambivalence highlights the importance of politics. First, rather than seeking to champion their actions, French policymakers, via their discursive framing, have presented economic liberalization as the unavoidable and distasteful consequence of globalization. Second, ambivalence toward globalization also illustrates the constraining legacy associated with the previous model of economic dirigisme. Coordination of economic activities around direct interactions between policymakers and executives of large companies served to overcome economic lags and social tensions, but stifled the development of the institutional foundations for either a coordinated or a liberal market economy—an important shortcoming for economic adjustment in the current economic environment.
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Scarre, Chris. Neolithic Figurines of Western Europe. Edited by Timothy Insoll. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199675616.013.042.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Western Europe has relatively few figurines of Neolithic or Chalcolithic date by comparison with the large numbers known from Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia. Human figurines (mainly of fired clay) are, however, found in Bandkeramik contexts from Central Europe to the North Sea, with others in eastern France. The scarcity of human figurines from areas such as Britain illustrates the diversity of cultural and symbolic practice that privileged human representations in some areas but not others. In the Baltic region, a separate figurine tradition drawing probably on Late Palaeolithic or Mesolithic origins persisted into the Neolithic. It is, however, the Iberian peninsula that stands apart from other regions of western Europe for the abundance and diversity of its human figurines, most of them of Late Neolithic or Chalcolithic date (mid-fourth to late third millennium bc). They include carved schist plaques and ‘eye-idols’ of bone and other materials. The florescence of Iberian figurine production is associated with the emergence of societies on the verge of complexity, characterized by craft specialization and long-distance exchange.
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Schniedewind, William M. The Finger of the Scribe. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052461.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Finger of the Scribe shows how ancient Israelite scribes learned to read and write. It demonstrates that early alphabetic curriculum developed at the end of the second millennium, while Egypt still ruled over Canaan and scribes used cuneiform as a lingua franca. This political and social context provides the background for the emergence of early alphabetic literacy in Israel. Using comparisons from Mesopotamia and Egypt, archaeological evidence, and fresh interpretations of old and new Hebrew inscriptions, this book pieces together the early Israelite scribal education. A basic principle in scribal literacy was the adaptation of their education for doing their day-to-day work as well as for the emergence of new literary genres. In this way, The Finger of the Scribe illustrates the many ways in which scribal education shaped the writing of the Hebrew Bible itself.
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Camper, Martin. Conflicting Passages. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190677121.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Chapter 5 examines how arguers resolve apparently conflicting passages through argument. First, the problem that textual inconsistency poses for interpreters is considered, followed by a discussion of the three types of disputes that rhetors can have over an apparent inconsistency. Ancient rhetoricians viewed controversies in this stasis as consisting of a double letter versus spirit dispute, and the lines of argument detailed in the previous chapter are available in this stasis. But, as this chapter illustrates, there remain other special lines of reasoning that rhetors can use to resolve evidently conflicting passages. Several of these strategies have been used to reconcile apparently conflicting biblical passages concerning women’s preaching, as exemplified by the chapter’s main example: an epistolary debate over the issue reproduced in Frances Willard’s 1889 Woman in the Pulpit. Disputes in this stasis reveal the logical connections between passages and how these connections can be rhetorically constructed.
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Showers Johnson, Violet, Gundolf Graml, and Patricia Williams Lessane, eds. Deferred Dreams, Defiant Struggles. Liverpool University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781786940339.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Deferred Dreams, Defiant Struggles interrogates Blackness and illustrates how it has been used as a basis to oppress, dismiss and exclude Blacks from societies and institutions in Europe, North America and South America. Employing uncharted analytical categories that tackle intriguing themes about borderless non-racial African ancestry, “traveling” identities and post-blackness, the essays provide new lenses for viewing the “Black” struggle worldwide. This approach directs the contributors’ focus to understudied locations and protagonists. In the volume, Charleston, South Carolina is more prominent than Little Rock Arkansas in the struggle to desegregate schools; Chicago occupies the space usually reserved for Atlanta or other southern city “bulwarks” of the Civil Rights Movement; diverse Africans in France and Afro-descended Chileans illustrate the many facets of negotiating belonging, long articulated by examples from the Greensboro Woolworth counter sit-in or the Montgomery Bus Boycott; unknown men in the British empire, who inverted dying confessions meant to vilify their blackness, demonstrate new dimensions in the story about race and religion, often told by examples of fiery clergy of the Black Church; and the theatres and studios of dramatists and visual artists replace the Mall in Washington DC as the stage for the performance of identities and activism.
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Archambeau, Nicole. Souls under Siege. Cornell University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501753664.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book explores how the inhabitants of southern France made sense of the ravages of successive waves of plague, the depredations of mercenary warfare, and the violence of royal succession during the fourteenth century. Many people, the book finds, understood both plague and war as the symptoms of spiritual sicknesses caused by excessive sin, and they sought cures in confession. The book draws on a rich evidentiary base of sixty-eight narrative testimonials from the canonization inquest for Countess Delphine de Puimichel, which was held in the market town of Apt in 1363. Each witness in the proceedings had lived through the outbreaks of plague in 1348 and 1361, as well as the violence inflicted by mercenaries unemployed during truces in the Hundred Years’ War. Consequently, their testimonies unexpectedly reveal the importance of faith and the role of affect in the healing of body and soul alike. Faced with an unprecedented cascade of crises, the inhabitants of Provence relied on saints and healers, their worldview connecting earthly disease and disaster to the struggle for their eternal souls. The book illustrates how medieval people approached sickness and uncertainty by using a variety of remedies, making clear that “healing” had multiple overlapping meanings in this historical moment.
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Roach, Levi. Forgery and Memory at the End of the First Millennium. Princeton University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181660.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This book takes a fresh look at documentary forgery and historical memory in the Middle Ages. In the tenth and eleventh centuries, religious houses across Europe began falsifying texts to improve local documentary records on an unprecedented scale. As the book illustrates, the resulting wave of forgery signaled major shifts in society and political culture, shifts which would lay the foundations for the European ancien régime. Spanning documentary traditions across France, England, Germany and northern Italy, the book examines five sets of falsified texts to demonstrate how forged records produced in this period gave voice to new collective identities within and beyond the Church. Above all, the book indicates how this fad for falsification points to new attitudes toward past and present — a developing fascination with the signs of antiquity. These conclusions revise traditional master narratives about the development of antiquarianism in the modern era, showing that medieval forgers were every bit as sophisticated as their Renaissance successors. Medieval forgers were simply interested in different subjects — the history of the Church and their local realms, rather than the literary world of classical antiquity. As a comparative history of falsified records at a crucial turning point in the Middle Ages, the book offers valuable insights into how institutions and individuals rewrote and reimagined the past.
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Publicover, Laurence. Intertheatricality and Propaganda. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198806813.003.0009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter analyses the ways in which the collaborative drama The Travels of the Three English Brothers defends the Sherley brothers’ real-world political endeavours across Europe and Persia through its intertheatrical negotiations. Explaining the political background of those endeavours and their controversial nature, it illustrates how the playwrights liken the Sherleys to the heroes of dramas that had been popular on the early modern stage over the preceding twenty years, in particular Tamburlaine and The Merchant of Venice. It also examines the significance of Francis Beaumont’s specific parody, in The Knight of the Burning Pestle, of an episode in Travels in which the Persian Sophy acts as godfather to the child of Robert Sherley. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the role of playing companies in shaping dramatic output.
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Sato, Kyoko. Cultural Politics of Food Safety. Edited by Ronald J. Herring. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195397772.013.019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Regulatory approaches and public responses to food made with recombinant DNA technology—genetically modified (GM) food—exhibit striking national differences. The safety concerns regarding GM food have been cautiously addressed and alarmed and repelled many consumers in France and Japan, but they have not garnered the same kind of policy response or public attention in the United States, where GM food has been widely produced and consumed. This chapter examines how such differences developed since the late 1990s, particularly by situating the politicization and institutionalization of food safety in the development of “GM food” as a cultural category in each country. We highlight three important dynamics. First, how food safety became politicized (e.g., the sequences, timing, actors who mobilized the issue) differed widely across cases. Second, other aspects of GM food became intertwined with the politics of food safety. We cannot really understand the latter in isolation from the politicization of such aspects as environmental risks. Third, the meaning of GM food itself in policy and public discourse—its salience and definition—mattered to divergence of national approaches to food safety. A comparison of three cases illustrates how divergent patterns of food safety regulation cannot be reduced to political conflicts, cultural norms, scientific debates, or historical events only. Different configurations of these factors shaped shared understandings of GM food as a category, which, in turn, affected the politics of food safety.
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Krawatzek, Félix. Youth in Regime Crisis. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198826842.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
How do political regimes respond to the challenges emanating from youth mobilization? This book seeks to understand regime resilience and breakdown by analysing the public meaning of youth, as well as the physical mobilization of young people. Mobilization by young people is a key component in understanding the stabilization of the authoritarian regime structures in contemporary Russia, but the Russian experience makes sense only if placed in its broader historical context. Three comparative cases—the breakdown of the authoritarian Soviet Union, the breakdown of the democratic Weimar Republic, and the crisis of the democratic regime in France around 1968—highlight how regimes which lacked popular support have compensated for their insufficient legitimacy by trying to mobilize youth symbolically and politically. This book illustrates the symbolic significance of youth and its role in regime crisis by analysing a new dataset of newspaper articles with a new method of discourse analysis. The combination of qualitative interpretation and quantitative network analysis enables a deeper and more systematic understanding of discursive structures about youth. Through this methodological innovation the book contributes to the way we define the categories of youth, generation, and crisis. It makes the case that our conceptualization should reflect the way terms are being used—usages that can be captured in a systematic way with new methods of discourse analysis.
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Calonne, David Stephen. R. Crumb. University Press of Mississippi, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496831859.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Robert Crumb: Literature, Autobiography, and the Quest for Self is the first monograph to explore the intersection between Crumb’s love of literature, his search for the meaning of life and the ways he connects his own autobiography with the themes of the writers he has admired. Crumb’s comics from the beginning reflected the fact that he was a voracious reader from childhood and perused a variety of authors including Charles Dickens, J.D. Salinger, and, during his adolescence, Beat writers like Jack Kerouac. He was profoundly influenced by music, especially the blues, and the ecstatic power of music appears in his artwork throughout his career. The first chapter explores the ways Robert Crumb illustrates works by William S. Burroughs, Jack Kerouac, Allen Ginsberg, Gary Snyder, and Charles Bukowski. The book continues with individual chapters devoted to Crumb’s illustrations of biographies of blues musicians Jelly Roll Morton and Charley Patton; Philip K. Dick; Jean-Paul Sartre; Franz Kafka; and concludes with an exploration of Crumb’s illustrations to the book of Genesis. In all his drawings accompanying literary texts, Crumb returns to a number of key themes regarding his personal spiritual quest such as suffering and existential solitude; the search for romantic and sexual love; the impact of entheogens such as LSD on his quest for answers to his cosmic questions. We discover that Crumb gradually embraces a mysticism rooted in his studies of Gnosticism. In the final chapter on the book of Genesis, readers may observe the ways Crumb continues his critique of monotheistic religion in a variety of subtle ways. Robert Crumb: Literature, Autobiography, and the Quest for Self concludes with an Epilogue which discusses Crumb’s present-day life in France and the ways he has continued to engage with spiritual and philosophical themes in his later work.
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Williams, Andrew P. The Image of Manhood in Early Modern Literature. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400668425.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The numerous and multifaceted ways in which masculinities emerge and are expressed within cultures prompt a broad ranging examination and reconsideration of what it means to be a man. Within the study of masculinity, the early modern period stands between the Renaissance, when conceptions of manhood were primarily dominated by chivalric and humanistic traditions, and the latter half of the 18th century, which marked the beginnings of modern conceptions of masculine identity. But rather than a transitional period, the early modern era was a key moment in the evolutionary dynamics of masculine representation. Political forces, such as the Puritan revolution, the Restoration, and the shift in power from the courtier class to the growing middle class forced a reconsideration of the masculine ideal in light of the experiences of the masses. At the same time, the emergence of print culture provided a means of transmitting the new masculine ideal, and literature of the period reflected the changing notions of masculinity. The chapters in this volume explore the various strategies used by early modern writers to represent masculinity. Together, the expert contributors offer a broad perspective on the social and political dynamics of early modern masculine identity. Included are chapters on such writers as Thomas Carew, Andrew Marvell, Francis Beaumont and John Fletcher, John Dryden, Daniel Defoe, and Samuel Richardson. Though incorporating a variety of critical approaches, the contributors all explore the inherent anxiety associated with masculinity and its representation. The chapters demonstrate how significant literary texts of the period provided not only idealized images of early modern manhood but also contesting ones. By focusing on the literary, historical, and social dynamics which construct cultural perceptions of masculinity, this volume ultimately illustrates the literary representation of manhood in the early modern period to be a dynamic and evolving process which often challenged Western notions of what it means to be a man.