Статті в журналах: "Illusioni"

1

Padovani, Tullio. "La spazzacorrotti : riforma delle illusioni e illusioni della riforma." Archivio penale, no. 3 (2018): 577. http://dx.doi.org/10.12871/97888331804271.

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2

Harvey, Joshua, Takuma Morimoto, and Manuel Spitschan. "The Neon Fruit Illusion: A Fresh Recipe for Colour Science Demonstrations." Perception 48, no. 3 (February 7, 2019): 242–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006618824484.

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At this year’s European Conference on Visual Perception, we debuted a novel colour science demonstration—and visual illusion—for the Un mare di illusioni exhibition. Under carefully curated lighting conditions, cycling through different illuminant spectra, certain fruits and vegetables appear to glow and dim in an unchanging environment. Encouraged by the positive reactions it received, and the numerous and specific questions from conference delegates, we here describe what this illusion is, why we believe it may work, and how this particular low-cost setup may be assembled and demonstrated for the amazement of your friends, students, and members of the public.

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3

Simona, Argentieri. "Illusione e consolazione." PSICOANALISI, no. 2 (January 2012): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psi2011-002004.

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A partire dallo storico lavoro di Freud, L'avvenire di un'illusione, il mio intento, molto piů limitato, č fare alcune considerazioni sulla funzione delle illusioni ai nostri giorni, in relazione al modo in cui si articola oggi il rapporto tra psicoanalisi e fede e, prevalentemente, per evidenti motivi storici e contingenti, in relazione alla matrice giudaico-cristiana, rispetto al risorgere del "bisogno di religiositŕ" nella cultura occidentale moderna, anche all'interno della piccola comunitŕ psicoanalitica. Parole chiave: Illusione, consolazione, colpa, onnipotenza, narcisismo originario, alteritŕ.

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4

Jacomuzzi, Alessandra. "Percezioni, ragionamenti e illusioni." Rivista di estetica, no. 60 (December 1, 2015): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/estetica.580.

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5

Sedgwick, H. A. "Illusioni ed effetti visivi: Una raccolta/visual illusions and effects: A collection." Color Research & Application 31, no. 2 (2006): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.20196.

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6

Stupazzoni, Marco. "Honoré De Balzac, Illusioni perdute." Studi Francesi, no. 157 (LIII | I) (May 1, 2009): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.8301.

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7

Mazzoleni, Giuliano. "Gli italiani fra particolarismo e illusioni." EDUCAZIONE SENTIMENTALE, no. 21 (February 2014): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/eds2014-021005.

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8

Landi, Maria Lina. "Il fortunato incontro di un regista con un romanzo. Il viaggio di Felicia." STUDI JUNGHIANI, no. 35 (February 2013): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/jun2012-035009.

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L'autrice, seguendo il racconto del viaggio di Felicia, sottolinea come i due autori, Egoyan e Trevor, nel romanzo e nel film, usino la stessa attenzione nel rilevare l'interconnessione tra ambiente e processi formativi nella presentazione dei protagonisti della storia. Sottolinea come, sempre attraverso l'indagine sui protagonisti, autore e regista si distanzino nell'attribuire a tali interconnessioni uno stesso destino evolutivo per la differente connotazione psicologica riservata, dall'uno e dall'altro, alla speranza e alle illusioni. L'autrice rintraccia, nella riflessione psicoanalitica contemporanea, i due diversi modi di valutare la "speranza" e le "illusioni" riconducibili l'uno alla valenza difensiva e alla funzione di distorsione dalla realtŕ e l'altro alla funzione evolutiva e di motivazione.

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9

Cappitti, Massimo. "Le "illusioni perdute" "L'educazione sentimentale" di Flaubert." SOCIETÀ DEGLI INDIVIDUI (LA), no. 34 (April 2009): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/las2009-034008.

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10

Vezzoni, Paolo, and Roberto Vignera. "Equivoci e illusioni su identitŕ e modernizzazione." SOCIOLOGIA E RICERCA SOCIALE, no. 98 (October 2012): 28–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sr2012-098002.

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The theme of identity as a source of representations of self and social relations is at the center of the contemporary sociological debate on dilemmas of modernization and has often been considered as the analytical framework within which such unresolved issues could be caught in their most emblematic profiling. Some of these controversial issues will be taken into account in the present essay through a comparison between the social sciences and the biomolecular sciences perspectives, both increasingly involved in the clarification of the most common misconceptions regarding the immutability of this set of signs and its progressive dissolution.

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11

Giovanni, Bruno Vicario. "Illusioni ottico-geometriche, XVII: lacune e dintorni." RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, no. 3 (January 2012): 413–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rip2010-003006.

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Dopo una preventiva analisi del concetto di lacuna ( &#167 1) e l'esame di lacune particolari (tagli, rotture, &#167 2; mutilazioni &#167 3) si presentano i casi di estraneitŕ (&#167 4) e di disintegrazione della figura (&#167 5). Sono prese in considerazione le lacune multiple (o tratteggi, &#167 6) e le loro somiglianze con le illusioni di partizione. L'illusione di Poggendorff viene ricondotta ad un caso di disallineamento dovuto ad una lacuna (&#167 7). Viene presentato il caso di riempimento immaginato di lacune (&#167 8). Viene trattato anche il riempimento delle lacune, nella forma del completamento amodale (&#167 9) e delle superfici anomale (&#167 10). Sono considerati altri effetti della produzione di lacune in figure (&#167 11). Seguono alcune considerazioni generali, anche se provvisorie, sullo studio delle illusioni ottico-geometriche e sulle spiegazioni di esse (&#167 12). Il lavoro contiene 55 figure storiche nella loro forma originale, e 30 figure nuove.

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12

Bertoni, Fabio, and Stefano Lugo. "Fondi sovrani: opportunitŕ, minacce, speranze e illusioni." ECONOMIA E POLITICA INDUSTRIALE, no. 3 (September 2009): 133–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/poli2009-003008.

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- In this work we provide a critical summary of the debate about sovereign wealth funds (SWFs). We start by explaining what a SWF is and what it is not according to the various definitions that have been proposed. We then present the main concerns and hopes which SWFs have raised and explain why these threats and opportunities are often exaggerated, incorrect or, at the best, not yet supported by any serious empirical evidence. We devote particular attention to the issue of the transparency of SWFs and show that, while there still is ample room for improvement, SWFs are clearer now than what they used to be before the Santiago principles were signed. We also point out, however, that there are sound reasons to believe that transparency, if pushed too far, could be detrimental to both SWFs and recipient countries. Finally, we present the results of the first attempts made by academics and practitioners to provide systematic evidence on SWF investment behaviour. Keywords: sovereign wealth funds, transparency, global imbalances, foreign investments Parole chiave: fondi sovrani, trasparenza, squilibri globali, investimenti esteri Jel Classification: F21 - G15 - H27

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13

Meriggi, Marco. "Il destino dell'ex-regno d'Italia. Aspettative, illusioni, esiti." ARCHIVIO STORICO PER LA SICILIA ORIENTALE, no. 1 (March 2017): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asso2017-001004.

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14

Borgognone, Giovanni. "Illusioni, aspettative e connessioni transatlantiche nell'esperienza radicale americana." PASSATO E PRESENTE, no. 100 (January 2017): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pass2017-100012.

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15

Ajani, Gianmaria. "E Pluribus Unum (?): Illusioni dell’armonizzazione e utilità dell’ontologia." Rivista di estetica, no. 36 (December 1, 2007): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/estetica.2362.

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16

Giovanni, Bruno Vicario. "Illusioni ottico-geometriche, XV: il problema della forma." RICERCHE DI PSICOLOGIA, no. 2 (January 2012): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/rip2010-002006.

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Un quadrato immerso in una raggiera subisce una deformazione (illustrazione 3.1), ed alla raggiera viene attribuita la causa della deformazione. Se perň si sostituisce il quadrato con un triangolo scaleno, oppure con un oggetto informe (illustrazioni 3.3 e 3.4) nessuna deformazione viene percepita. Il fatto costituisce un problema per la definizione di "formaŁ, per lo meno dal punto di vista della percezione visiva. Seguono alcune considerazioni sui concetti di "buona forma" e di "pregnanza", mettendo in luce gli aspetti problematici dei medesimi. Le figure nel testo sono 25, delle quali 21 storiche e riprodotte dagli originali.

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17

Stupazzoni, Marco. "Ferdinando Pappalardo, Gozzano, Balzac e le «illusioni perdute»." Studi Francesi, no. 174 (LVIII | III) (November 1, 2014): 618–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/studifrancesi.1557.

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18

Di Chiara, Giuseppe. "Le Illusioni del Pensiero. La Psicoanalisi tra Ragione e Follia [The Illusions of Thought. Psychoanalysis Between Reason and Madness]." International Journal of Psychoanalysis 89, no. 1 (February 2008): 211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-8315.2007.00012_5.x.

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19

Dosi, Antonietta. "Emilia Sarogni, Alessandro Malaspina. Gli oceani. La prigione. Le illusioni." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 49, no. 3 (September 8, 2015): 877–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0014585815594365.

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20

Pancera, Carlo. "Una transizione di lungo periodo." SOCIETÀ DEGLI INDIVIDUI (LA), no. 43 (June 2012): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/las2012-043001.

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Nella lunga fase di transizione graduale da una cultura orale a una in cui si legge, l'articolo individua una decina di coppie concettuali che permettono di cogliere alcune aspettative e anche illusioni che si coltivavano a proposito del passaggio all'uso del mezzo scrittorio e dei suoi effetti. Riguardano: rapporto conservazione/perdita, tradizione/canone, scrittura/lettura, piacere/necessitÀ, conflitto/civiltÀ, invio/ricezione, continuitÀ/discontinuitÀ, conformazione/ autoformazione, specchio-dell'autore/specchio-del-lettore, sapere/esperire, dicibile/indicibile.

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21

Maria Monastra, Rosa, Adolfo Longhitano, and Angela Scialfa. "Recensioni." ARCHIVIO STORICO PER LA SICILIA ORIENTALE, no. 1 (July 2022): 141–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/asso2021-001008.

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Rosalba Galvagno (a cura di), Vincenzo Consolo, Leonardo Sciascia, Essere o no scrittore. Lettere 1963-1988, Archinto, Milano 2019Luigi Sanfilippo, Fede e scienza nella Sicilia dell'Ottocento. Il benedettino Giacomo Maggiore (1812-1884), Edizioni Efesto, Roma 2020Rosalba Galvagno, Mitografie di Carlo Levi, Sinestesie, Avellino 2021Rosalia Francesca Margiotta, Beni mobili. Patrimonio artistico e committenti in Sicilia dalle fonti d'archivio tra XVI e XIX secolo, Palermo, OADI Digitalia, Palermo University Press, 2020Rosalba Galvagno, La litania del potere e altre illusioni. Leggere Federico De Roberto, Marsilio, Venezia, 2017

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22

ITOH, MAKOTO, and LEON O. CHUA. "IMITATION OF VISUAL ILLUSIONS VIA OPENCV AND CNN." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 18, no. 12 (December 2008): 3551–609. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127408022573.

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Visual illusion is the fallacious perception of reality or some actually existing object. In this paper, we imitate the mechanism of Ehrenstein illusion, neon color spreading illusion, watercolor illusion, Kanizsa illusion, shifted edges illusion, and hybrid image illusion using the Open Source Computer Vision Library (OpenCV). We also imitate these illusions using Cellular Neural Networks (CNNs). These imitations suggest that some illusions are processed by high-level brain functions. We next apply the morphological gradient operation to anomalous motion illusions. The processed images are classified into two kinds of images, which correspond to the central drift illusion and the peripheral drift illusion, respectively. It demonstrates that the contrast of the colors plays an important role in the anomalous motion illusion. We also imitate the anomalous motion illusions using both OpenCV and CNN. These imitations suggest that some visual illusions may be processed by the illusory movement of animations.

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23

Cubeddu, Raimondo. "ALLE ORIGINI DELLO SCIENTISMO: BENTHAM." Il Politico 254, no. 1 (June 7, 2021): 128–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ilpolitico.2021.567.

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Pur essendo considerato uno dei maggiori filosofi politici del Novecento, Oakeshott, come è noto, non aveva una grande considerazione della politica e riteneva anzi che nel corso dei secoli avesse costantemente offerto uno “spettacolo sgradevole". Si potrebbe addirittura pensare che se ne occupasse, sia pure nel modo particolare in cui lo faceva, per mettere in guardia dal farsi illusioni su di essa, o forse per mettere in evidenza i guai che poteva combinare l’idea di migliorare la condizione umana tramite la politica. Soprattutto dopo che essa è diventata “scientifica”.

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24

Tranum, Diane, and Anthony F. Grasha. "Susceptibility to Illusions and Cognitive Style: Implications for Pharmacy Dispensing." Perceptual and Motor Skills 95, no. 3_suppl (December 2002): 1063–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2002.95.3f.1063.

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Response distributions for five cognitive illusions and one visual illusion were examined in two samples, college students ( n = 134) and pharmacists ( n = 51). These illusions were selected for study on the basis of pharmacists' judgments about associations of illusions to common dispensing errors. Participants were categorized as Illusion-prone or Illusion-resistant, and distributions of such tendencies for the six stimuli used varied within samples. Significant differences between the two samples on illusion-proneness and resistance were observed for the “Moses' Ark” and “Fcount” illusions. Associations of Illusion-prone and Illusion-resistant responses to field-dependence, psychological type, and the cognitive orientations derived from Psychological Type Theory were examined. Field-independence–field-dependence was the only cognitive dimension associated with Illusion-prone and Illusion-resistant responding. Implications of the data for developing measures based upon visual and cognitive illusions to identify people with error-prone tendencies were discussed.

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25

Billino, Jutta, Kai Hamburger, and Karl R. Gegenfurtner. "Age Effects on the Perception of Motion Illusions." Perception 38, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 508–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p5886.

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Anomalous motion illusions represent a popular class of illusions and several studies have made an effort to explain their perception. However, understanding is still inconsistent. Age-related differences in susceptibility to illusory motion may contribute to further clarification of the underlying processing mechanisms. We investigated the effect of age on the perception of four different anomalous motion illusions. The Enigma illusion, the Rotating-Snakes illusion, the Pinna illusion, and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion were tested on a total of one hundred and thirty-nine participants covering an age range from 3 to 82 years. In comparison with young adults, children showed a lower likelihood of perceiving motion in all illusions with the exception of the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion. For adult subjects, we found significant age effects in the Rotating-Snakes illusion and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion: occurrence of the illusory effect decreased with age. The other two illusions turned out to be unaffected by aging. Finally, inter-correlations between different motion illusions revealed that only the Pinna illusion and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion correlated significantly with each other. The results confirm that anomalous motion illusions should not be considered as a homogeneous group. Possible links between perceptual data and neurophysiological changes related to age are discussed. Perceptual differences due to age provide the opportunity to improve our understanding of illusory motion and point to specific underlying mechanisms.

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26

Argentieri Bondi, Simona. "Nota sul libro di André Green. Illusioni e disillusioni del lavoro psicoanalitico." PSICOANALISI, no. 1 (September 2012): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psi2012-001004.

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27

Metral, Morgane, Corentin Gonthier, Marion Luyat, and Michel Guerraz. "Body Schema Illusions: A Study of the Link between the Rubber Hand and Kinesthetic Mirror Illusions through Individual Differences." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6937328.

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Background. The well-known rubber hand paradigm induces an illusion by having participants feel the touch applied to a fake hand. In parallel, the kinesthetic mirror illusion elicits illusions of movement by moving the reflection of a participant’s arm. Experimental manipulation of sensory inputs leads to emergence of these multisensory illusions. There are strong conceptual similarities between these two illusions, suggesting that they rely on the same neurophysiological mechanisms, but this relationship has never been investigated. Studies indicate that participants differ in their sensitivity to these illusions, which provides a possibility for studying the relationship between these two illusions. Method. We tested 36 healthy participants to confirm that there exist reliable individual differences in sensitivity to the two illusions and that participants sensitive to one illusion are also sensitive to the other. Results. The results revealed that illusion sensitivity was very stable across trials and that individual differences in sensitivity to the kinesthetic mirror illusion were highly related to individual differences in sensitivity to the rubber hand illusion. Conclusions. Overall, these results support the idea that these two illusions may be both linked to a transitory modification of body schema, wherein the most sensitive people have the most malleable body schema.

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28

Rovatti, Toni. "La giustizia immaginata nella Resistenza. Speranze e illusioni per una nuova legittimità democratica." ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, no. 300 (November 2022): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ic2022-300008.

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29

Gosselin, Frédéric, and Claude Lamontagne. "Motion-Blur Illusions." Perception 26, no. 7 (July 1997): 847–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p260847.

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The still-radii illusion, the figure-of-eight illusion, the band-of-heightened-intensity illusion and the dark-blurred-concentric-circles illusion have remained, until now, isolated relatively ill-explained phenomena. A single algorithmic model is proposed which explains these four visual illusions. In fact, this model predicts phenomena produced by motion of any gray-shaded patterns relative to the eyes (termed ‘motion-blur illusions’). Results of a computer simulation of the model are presented. A novel instance of the proposed class of illusions, which can be readily experienced by the reader, is introduced to illustrate the generality of the model.

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30

Boril, Jan, Vladimir Smrz, Erik Blasch, and Mudassir Lone. "Spatial Disorientation Impact on the Precise Approach in Simulated Flight." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 91, no. 10 (October 1, 2020): 767–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5591.2020.

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BACKGROUND: The risks posed by flight illusions impacting pilot spatial orientation have been determined as a safety concern from numerous past aviation accident investigations. Early demonstration of the adverse effects of flight illusions on spatial orientation would be desirable for all pilots, especially at the early training stages to deeply embed good practices for onset detection, flight correction, and response mitigation.METHOD: Simulated flights on a disorientation demonstrator were performed by 19 pilots for 3 conditions: no illusion, somatogyral illusion, and Coriolis illusion. An objective approach for assessing pilot performance degradation due to flight illusions can be done by using a defined flight profile: instrument landing system (ILS) flight trajectory during final instrument approach. Deviations to the standard ILS profile were recorded to measure and evaluate the influence of the demonstrated flight illusion on pilot performance.RESULTS: The results show the expectation that the smallest deviations from the ideal trajectory are caused by pilot tracking error (no illusion), and the greatest deviations are caused by the Coriolis illusion. Results demonstrated a statistically significant effect of illusions on performance. According to statements from pilots, training for flight illusion response is essential to complement training in aircraft regulations and aerodynamics.DISCUSSION: Measuring the influence of vestibular illusions on flight profile with a simulator allows assessment of individual differences and improvement of pilot performance under the conditions of no illusion, the somatogyral illusion, and the Coriolis illusion.Boril J, Smrz V, Blasch E, Lone M. Spatial disorientation impact on the precise approach in simulated flight. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(10):767775.

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31

Poom, Leo. "Influences of orientation on the Ponzo, contrast, and Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet illusions." Attention, Perception, & Psychophysics 82, no. 4 (December 24, 2019): 1896–911. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13414-019-01953-8.

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AbstractExplanations of the Ponzo size illusion, the simultaneous contrast illusion, and the Craik-O’Brien-Cornsweet brightness illusions involve either stimulus-driven processes (assimilation, enhanced contrast, and anchoring) or prior experiences. Real-world up-down asymmetries for typical direction of illumination and ground planes in our physical environment should influence these illusions if they are experience based, but not if they are stimulus driven. Results presented here demonstrate differences in illusion strengths between upright and inverted versions of all three illusions. A left-right asymmetry of the Cornsweet illusion was produced by manipulating the direction of illumination, providing further support for the involvement of an experience-based explanation. When the inducers were incompatible with the targets being located at the different distances, the Ponzo illusion persisted and so did the influence from orientation, providing evidence for involvement of processes other than size constancy. As defined here, upright for the brightness illusions is consistent with an interpretation of a shaded bulging surface and a 3D object resulting from a light-from-above assumption triggering compensation for varying illumination. Upright for the Ponzo illusion is consistent with the inducers in the form of converging lines being interpreted as railway tracks receding on the ground triggering size constancy effects. The implications of these results, and other results providing evidence against experience-based accounts of the illusions, are discussed.

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32

Agostini, Tiziano, and Riccardo Luccio. "Müller-Lyer Illusion and Perception of Numerosity." Perceptual and Motor Skills 78, no. 3 (June 1994): 937–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003151259407800347.

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Illusion of numerosity can be observed in many of the classical illusions of linear extent by replacing the uninterrupted lines with rows of dots. Using the method of constant stimuli both length and numerosity illusions move in the same direction, whereas using a magnitude-estimation method the two illusions move in opposite directions. Two experiments show that this inversion occurs also in the Müller-Lyer illusion.

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33

Bertelli, Diego. "Book Review: Il trionfo di Vertunno. Illusioni ottiche e cultura letteraria nell'età della Controriforma." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 44, no. 1 (March 2010): 247–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458581004400119.

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34

Fava, Giovanni Andrea. "Quale psichiatria? Commento sulla recensione-saggio di Marcia Angell." PSICOTERAPIA E SCIENZE UMANE, no. 2 (May 2012): 249–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/pu2012-002006.

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L'Autore commenta criticamente la recensione-saggio di Marcia Angell, intitolata "L'epidemia di malattie mentali e le illusioni della psichiatria", pubblicata in due parti il 23 giugno e 14 luglio 2011 sulla New York Review of Books e tradotta a pp. 263-282 di questo n. 2/2012 di Psicoterapia e Scienze Umane. Le critiche mosse da Marcia Angell trovano valide argomentazioni in una psichiatria che č stata pesantemente condizionata dalle industrie farmaceutiche. Ma ignorano il fatto che gran parte delle prescrizioni di psicofarmaci vengono effettuate da medici non psichiatri e che in psichiatria esistono una pratica clinica e una ricerca che sono libere da questi condizionamenti. Č oggi possibile praticare una medicina psicologica in grado di incorporare sia l'approccio farmacologico che quello psicoterapeutico.

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35

Deręgowski, Jan B. "Illusions within an Illusion." Perception 44, no. 12 (September 23, 2015): 1416–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301006615599903.

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36

Shimamura, Arthur P., and William Prinzmetal. "The Mystery spot Illusion and Its Relation to Other Visual Illusions." Psychological Science 10, no. 6 (November 1999): 501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00196.

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Observations at The Mystery Spot, a roadside attraction near Santa Cruz, California, suggest intriguing visual illusions based on tilt-induced effects. Specifically, a tilted spatial background at The Mystery Spot induced misperceptions of the orientation of the cardinal axes (i.e., true horizontal and vertical), which then led to illusions in the perceived height of two individuals. This illusion was assessed at The Mystery Spot and replicated in the laboratory using pictorial and lined displays rotated in the picture plane. These findings are described in terms of the orientation framing theory, which suggests that these and other tilt-induced illusions (e.g., Ponzo illusion, Zöllner illusion) can be attributed to distorted frames of reference.

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37

Woodhouse, J. Margaret, and Steve Taylor. "Further Studies of the Café Wall and Hollow Squares Illusions." Perception 16, no. 4 (August 1987): 467–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p160467.

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The effect of varying the contrast on the apparent convergence is measured for both the Café Wall and the Hollow Squares (Taylor—Woodhouse) illusions. The apparent convergence is dependent on the contrast, and also on the size of the stimulus, and varies in the same way for both illusions. This strengthens the argument that the illusions are not independent, as Taylor and Woodhouse originally claimed. McCourt has discussed brightness induction as a basis of the Café Wall illusion. Consideration of this theory leads to some interesting examples of interactions of the two illusions, and to a further, very strong, variation of the illusion in a real-life situation.

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Allasia, Clara. "« Il virus malefico » dell’ideologia nazionale e le illusioni di un « maestro di metodo » : Vittorio Cian." Transalpina, no. 13 (April 9, 2010): 33–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/transalpina.2679.

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39

Parlangeli, Oronzo, and Sergio Roncato. "The Global Figural Characteristics in the Zöllner Illusion." Perception 24, no. 5 (May 1995): 501–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p240501.

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The Zöllner illusion has been accounted for in terms of local interactions between the vertical lines and the crossing segments. Recently, however, some evidence supporting the importance of global figural characteristics—ie of figural elements that are not directly interacting with the test lines—in the occurrence of orientation illusions has been reported. Three experiments have been conducted with parts of the Zöllner figure to test whether this illusion is affected by the global figural characteristics. The results indicate that, similarly to what has been observed for other orientation illusions, the Zöllner illusion depends on both local and global characteristics of the stimulus configuration. In addition, results suggest a similar weight for both these figural characteristics in determining the occurrence of the illusory effect. Finally, relations among different orientation illusions are also discussed.

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Stanton, Tasha R., Helen R. Gilpin, Louisa Edwards, G. Lorimer Moseley, and Roger Newport. "Illusory resizing of the painful knee is analgesic in symptomatic knee osteoarthritis." PeerJ 6 (July 17, 2018): e5206. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5206.

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Background Experimental and clinical evidence support a link between body representations and pain. This proof-of-concept study in people with painful knee osteoarthritis (OA) aimed to determine if: (i) visuotactile illusions that manipulate perceived knee size are analgesic; (ii) cumulative analgesic effects occur with sustained or repeated illusions. Methods Participants with knee OA underwent eight conditions (order randomised): stretch and shrink visuotactile (congruent) illusions and corresponding visual, tactile and incongruent control conditions. Knee pain intensity (0–100 numerical rating scale; 0 = no pain at all and 100 = worst pain imaginable) was assessed pre- and post-condition. Condition (visuotactile illusion vs control) × Time (pre-/post-condition) repeated measure ANOVAs evaluated the effect on pain. In each participant, the most beneficial illusion was sustained for 3 min and was repeated 10 times (each during two sessions); paired t-tests compared pain at time 0 and 180s (sustained) and between illusion 1 and illusion 10 (repeated). Results Visuotactile illusions decreased pain by an average of 7.8 points (95% CI [2.0–13.5]) which corresponds to a 25% reduction in pain, but the tactile only and visual only control conditions did not (Condition × Time interaction: p = 0.028). Visuotactile illusions did not differ from incongruent control conditions where the same visual manipulation occurred, but did differ when only the same tactile input was applied. Sustained illusions prolonged analgesia, but did not increase it. Repeated illusions increased the analgesic effect with an average pain decrease of 20 points (95% CI [6.9–33.1])–corresponding to a 40% pain reduction. Discussion Visuotactile illusions are analgesic in people with knee OA. Our results suggest that visual input plays a critical role in pain relief, but that analgesia requires multisensory input. That visual and tactile input is needed for analgesia, supports multisensory modulation processes as a possible explanatory mechanism. Further research exploring the neural underpinnings of these visuotactile illusions is needed. For potential clinical applications, future research using a greater dosage in larger samples is warranted.

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41

Wiseman, Richard, and Will Houstoun. "Impossible Movement Illusions." i-Perception 9, no. 6 (November 2018): 204166951881610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2041669518816106.

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Past research has used the phi phenomenon to create the illusion of one object moving through another. This article presents three optical illusions that are conceptually similar, yet little known within academic psychology. Two of the illusions have been developed within the magic community and involve the performer appearing to make a finger jump from one hand to another and a cup penetrate through another cup. The article explores the factors underpinning these illusions and describes how these factors were used to enhance a similar illusion developed outside of magic (the penetration of one hand through another).

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Giulio, Rosa. "Leopardi, l'Europa e l'Italia del XIX secolo: le radici della mancata unità nazionale." Forum Italicum: A Journal of Italian Studies 46, no. 1 (March 2012): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001458581204600101.

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La particolare “visione” di Leopardi delle cause originarie e profonde che hanno impedito per secoli l'unità nazionale dell'Italia, diversamente dalle nazioni più evolute nell'Europa del XIX secolo, è analizzata in stretta connessione con i fondamenti teorici del suo pensiero. Vengono pertanto individuati e indagati i complessi percorsi concettuali che, pur attraversando spazi testuali diversi e distanti delle sue opere, collegano alla basilare distinzione tra popoli meridionali e settentrionali, antichi e moderni, gli illuminanti giudizi di Leopardi sui ceti dirigenti e i costumi degl'Italiani, dialetticamente valutati tra contingenza storica prerisorgimentale e costante antropologica identitaria. Le osservazioni sull'Italia, priva di un «centro politico», sono inoltre confrontate con il più ampio contesto delle nuove forme istituzionali assunte dalla civiltà moderna, ritenute di indubbia necessità sociale, ma, in perfetta coerenza con i suoi presupposti ideologici, considerate simulacri di magnanime illusioni irrimediabilmente perdute.

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Landwehr, Klaus. "The Prospects of Utilizing Geometrical Visual Illusions as Tools for Neuroscience." Symmetry 14, no. 8 (August 15, 2022): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym14081687.

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Geometrical visual illusions have long been used as tools in neuroscience. Most commonly, researchers have taken illusions as a given and attempted to explain phenomenal impressions in terms of known neural mechanisms. In a psychophysical approach to this topic, it is customary to modify stimuli until conditions for which illusions are enhanced, attenuated, or annihilated have been found. Additionally, the focus is not exclusively on response bias but equally on sensitivity, because observers may fall prey to an illusion but at the same time be able to discriminate between stimuli perfectly. For the T-figure, the length of the undivided line is usually overestimated relative to the length of the divided line, and evidence has accrued that suggests that the illusion may be due to the processing of the figure as a coherent unit (a “T-schema”). Dissecting the T or tilting its lines influenced the amount of illusion, suggesting that interactions between orientation-sensitive and end-inhibited neurons are at work. Examples of cognate research with the Ponzo, Ebbinghaus, and Müller-Lyer illusions are also discussed.

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Smith, Gabriella E., Philippe A. Chouinard, Isabel Lin, Ka Tak Tsoi, Christian Agrillo, and Sarah-Elizabeth Byosiere. "Seeing Things: A Community Science Investigation into Motion Illusion Susceptibility in Domestic Cats (Felis silvestris catus) and Dogs (Canis lupus familiaris)." Animals 12, no. 24 (December 16, 2022): 3562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12243562.

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Illusions—visual fields that distort perception—can inform the understanding of visual perception and its evolution. An example of one such illusion, the Rotating Snakes illusion, causes the perception of motion in a series of static concentric circles. The current study investigated pet dogs’ and cats’ perception of the Rotating Snakes illusion in a community science paradigm. The results reveal that neither species spent significantly more time at the illusion than at either of the controls, failing to indicate susceptibility to the illusion. Specific behavioral data at each stimulus reveal that the most common behaviors of both species were Inactive and Stationary, while Locomotion and Pawing were the least common, supporting the finding that susceptibility may not be present. This study is the first to examine susceptibility to the Rotating Snakes illusion in dogs, as well as to directly compare the phenomenon between dogs and cats. We suggest future studies might consider exploring alternative methods in testing susceptibility to motion illusions in non-human animals.

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45

Mourão, Paulo Reis. "The Economics of Illusion. A Discussion Based on Fiscal Illusion." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 25, no. 1 (April 1, 2007): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569207x15664516463943.

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Abstract What do optical illusions (like a mirage) and economic illusions have in common? The answer was suggested by Amilcare Puviani, who started a methodological and fiscal revolution when he wrote Teoria dell’illusione finanziaria in 1903. The work of Buchanan [1960 and 1967] gave rise to a large debate on the issue of fiscal illusion, about its sense, its consequences and its solutions. This article presents the historical evolution of the debate on fiscal illusion and its empirical evidence.

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46

Taylor, Crystal Marie. "Visual and Haptic Perception of the Horizontal-Vertical Illusion." Perceptual and Motor Skills 92, no. 1 (February 2001): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.2001.92.1.167.

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The horizontal-vertical illusion consists of two lines of the same length (one horizontal and the other vertical) at a 90° angle from one another forming either an inverted-T or an L-shape. The illusion occurs when the length of a vertical line is perceived as longer than the horizontal line even though they are the same physical length. The illusion has been shown both visually and haptically. The present purpose was to assess differences between the visual or haptic perception of the illusions and also whether differences occur between the inverted-T and the L-shape illusions. The current study showed a greater effect in the haptic perception of the horizontal-vertical illusion than in visual perception. There is also greater illusory susceptibility of the inverted-T than the L-shape.

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Peters, Megan A. K., Ling-Qi Zhang, and Ladan Shams. "The material-weight illusion is a Bayes-optimal percept under competing density priors." PeerJ 6 (October 11, 2018): e5760. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5760.

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The material-weight illusion (MWI) is one example in a class of weight perception illusions that seem to defy principled explanation. In this illusion, when an observer lifts two objects of the same size and mass, but that appear to be made of different materials, the denser-looking (e.g., metal-look) object is perceived as lighter than the less-dense-looking (e.g., polystyrene-look) object. Like the size-weight illusion (SWI), this perceptual illusion occurs in the opposite direction of predictions from an optimal Bayesian inference process, which predicts that the denser-looking object should be perceived as heavier, not lighter. The presence of this class of illusions challenges the often-tacit assumption that Bayesian inference holds universal explanatory power to describe human perception across (nearly) all domains: If an entire class of perceptual illusions cannot be captured by the Bayesian framework, how could it be argued that human perception truly follows optimal inference? However, we recently showed that the SWI can be explained by an optimal hierarchical Bayesian causal inference process (Peters, Ma & Shams, 2016) in which the observer uses haptic information to arbitrate among competing hypotheses about objects’ possible density relationship. Here we extend the model to demonstrate that it can readily explain the MWI as well. That hierarchical Bayesian inference can explain both illusions strongly suggests that even puzzling percepts arise from optimal inference processes.

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Flynn, Oliver, and Arthur Shapiro. "A note concerning the relationship between the Adelson’s Argyle illusion and Cornsweet edges." Psihologija 47, no. 3 (2014): 353–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/psi1403353f.

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Adelson?s Argyle illusion and the Craik-O?Brien-Cornsweet illusion are two noteworthy brightness illusions. In the Argyle illusion two identical gray areas are perceived to have radically different brightness levels when they are surrounded by a pattern similar to an argyle clothing design. The Craik-O?Brien-Cornsweet (C-O-C) illusion shows two identical gray areas appear different brightness when they are separated by a ?Cornsweet edge.? The C-O-C illusion is remarkable for the large distances over which the effect holds even though the Cornsweet edge is relatively narrow. Here we draw a connection between these two illusions by extending the columns of the Argyle illusion to produce what we refer to as long range Argyles (LoRAs). We show that LoRAs have many similar properties to Cornsweet edges and they are capable of producing brightness effects over a large spatial range. It therefore seems that part of the strength of the Argyle illusion arises from a combination of standard simultaneous brightness effects and edge effects like those produced by the C-O-C illusion. Lastly, we discuss a curious difference between the effects of LoRAs and Cornsweet edges.

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49

Egeth, Marc. "Real illusion or illusory illusion: The method of Faux Illusions for verifying new illusions." Bioscience Hypotheses 1, no. 4 (2008): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bihy.2008.05.006.

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50

Roberts, James W., Nicholas Gerber, Caroline J. Wakefield, and Philip J. Simmonds. "Dissociating the Influence of Perceptual Biases and Contextual Artifacts Within Target Configurations During the Planning and Control of Visually Guided Action." Motor Control 25, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/mc.2020-0054.

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The failure of perceptual illusions to elicit corresponding biases within movement supports the view of two visual pathways separately contributing to perception and action. However, several alternative findings may contest this overarching framework. The present study aimed to examine the influence of perceptual illusions within the planning and control of aiming. To achieve this, we manipulated and measured the planning/control phases by respectively perturbing the target illusion (relative size-contrast illusion; Ebbinghaus/Titchener circles) following movement onset and detecting the spatiotemporal characteristics of the movement trajectory. The perceptual bias that was indicated by the perceived target size estimates failed to correspondingly manifest within the effective target size. While movement time (specifically, time after peak velocity) was affected by the target configuration, this outcome was not consistent with the direction of the perceptual illusions. These findings advocate an influence of the surrounding contextual information (e.g., annuli) on movement control that is independent of the direction predicted by the illusion.

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