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Статті в журналах з теми "Illegal"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 21 лютого 2023

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1

Wu, Chung-Tong, and Christine Inglis. "Illegal Immigration to Hong Kong." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 1, no. 3-4 (September 1992): 601–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719689200100310.

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Illegal migration from China is contrasted to that from Vietnam to highlight Hong Kong's unique place in such flows. Political upheavals in China, economic recessions and labor shortages in Hong Kong have caused waves of legal and illegal Chinese migration into Hong Kong which have been effectively contained through the vigilance of border patrols, police checks for identity cards, fines on employers of illegals, and cooperation from China. The increased numbers of Vietnamese boat people from 1988 led to a hardening in government and public attitudes, resulting in the reclassification of refugees as illegal migrants. The key difference in Hong Kong's effectiveness at stemming these two illegal migrant streams has been bilateral cooperation, which has been achieved with China but lacking in the case of Vietnam.

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2

Skiljan, Amela. "Are Nuclear Weapons Illegal?" Die Friedens-Warte 94, no. 3-4 (2021): 418. http://dx.doi.org/10.35998/fw-2021-0020.

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3

Zyambo, Paul, Felix K. Kalaba, Vincent R. Nyirenda, and Jacob Mwitwa. "Conceptualising Drivers of Illegal Hunting by Local Hunters Living in or Adjacent to African Protected Areas: A Scoping Review." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811204.

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Illegal hunting of wildlife by community members abutting African protected areas contributes to unsustainable use of wildlife, resulting in significant declines in wildlife populations. Contemporary intervention measures have largely been ineffective, leading to pervasive and persistent illegal hunting. Such illegal hunting of wildlife is partly exacerbated by poor understanding of what motivates people to hunt illegally. Applying a scoping review approach, this study aims at developing concepts for drivers of illegal hunting and how they influence illegal hunting behaviour by local hunters living in or adjacent to African protected areas. A total of 30 publications were included for review analysis from 1014 publications retrieved using data base searches on Google Scholar and ScienceDirect. The study identified 12 proximate and five underlying drivers, which were categorised into 10 thematic drivers of illegal hunting by local hunters. The need for survival and sustaining livelihoods was conceptualised as the key thematic driver of illegal hunting by local hunters. The study represents a novel work of conceptualising drivers of illegal hunting by local hunters with implications on the persistence of illegal hunting in Africa.

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4

Hunt, Alan. "States and Illegal Practices:States and Illegal Practices." American Anthropologist 103, no. 1 (March 2001): 251–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2001.103.1.251.

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5

Robertson, Kirsten, Lisa McNeill, James Green, and Claire Roberts. "Illegal Downloading, Ethical Concern, and Illegal Behavior." Journal of Business Ethics 108, no. 2 (October 30, 2011): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1079-3.

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6

Rahmat, Diding. "The Effectiveness of Law Enforcement on Illegal Logging Based on the Value of Justice." UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v7i1.2715.

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Forests are the lungs of the earth that contribute to environmental balance. In practice, the enforcement of environmental law through various regulations, such as Forestry Law, has brought both positive and negative impacts. This study aims to find out the regulations on illegal logging and to identify the effectiveness of law enforcement on illegal logging based on the value of justice. This study was conducted in Kuningan District Regional Government, Ciremai Mountain National Park (TNGC), Kuningan District Forestry Service, Kuningan District Court, Kuningan District Police Office, and Kuningan District Prosecutors Office. This qualitative study applied an empirical juridical or socio-legal approach in order to find data relating to law enforcement on illegal logging as well as preventive and repressive actions based on justice values carried out by law enforcement officials in Kuningan District. The results showed that Illegal logging is regulated in Law No. 41 of 1999 concerning Forestry and Law No. 18 of 2013 concerning Prevention and Eradication of Forests Destruction as well as the Supreme Court Circular No. 01 of 2008 concerning Guidelines for Handling Forestry Criminal Cases. Yet, there is no Kuningan District regulation that specifically regulates illegal logging. Further, the effectiveness of law enforcement on illegal logging in Kuningan District can be seen in terms of its legal substance, structure and culture.�Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Illegal Logging Berbasis Nilai Keadilan�Hutan merupakan paru paru dunia yang berkontribusi terhadap keseimbangan lingkungan. Penegakan hukum lingkungan melalui berbagi regulasi seperti undang undang kehutanan telah banyak memiliki nilai positif dalam prakteknya, akan tetapi juga ada nilai negatifnya Peneliti melakukan penelitian yang berjudul � Efektivitas Penegakan Hukum Illegal Logging Berbasis Nilai Keadilan (Studi Di Kabupaten Kuningan) � Lokasi penelitian dilakukan Kabupaten Kuningan yaitu pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Kuningan, TNGC,� Dinas Kehutanan Kabupaten Kuningan, Pengadilan Negeri Kuningan, Kepolisian dan Kejaksaan Negeri Kuningan. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaturan mengenai illegal logging� saat ini serta bagaimana penegakan hukum illeggal loging Kabupaten Kuningan. Metode yang dipakai oleh peneliti dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan yuridis empiris atau sosio legal dengan cara melakukan penelitian lapangan untuk mencari data mengenai penegakan hukum illeggal logging di Kabupaten Kuningan serta tindakan preventif dan represif yang dilakukan oleh aparat hukum berbasis nilai keadilan. Hasil Penelitian yaitu pengaturan Illegal logging diatur dalam Undang Undang Undang Undang No.41 Tahun 1999 Tentang Kehutanan dan Undang Undang No.18 Tahun 2013� Tentang Pencegahan dan Pemberantasan dan Perusakan Hutan sedangkan dalam peraturan lainya juga terdapat dalam Surat Edaran Mahkamah Agung No.01 Tahun 2008 Tentang Petunjuk Penanganan Perkara Tindak Pidana Kehutanan Sedangkan di Kabupaten Kuniningan belum ada perda tentang Illegal logging, Selanjutnya Efektivitas penegakan hukum illegal loging di Kabupaten Kuningan berdasarkan hasil penelitan dapat dilihat Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat

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7

Lentin, Ronit. "Illegal in Ireland, Irish Illegals: Diaspora Nation as Racial State." Irish Political Studies 22, no. 4 (December 2007): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07907180701699182.

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8

Guthrie, Robert, and Rebecca Taseff. "Dismissal and Discrimination: Illegal Workers in England and Australia." International Journal of Comparative Labour Law and Industrial Relations 24, Issue 1 (March 1, 2008): 31–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ijcl2008003.

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Abstract: This paper deals with various topical issues in relation to illegal workers. The legal rights of illegal workers have become an international concern. In this paper two common law countries are examined. The engagement of illegal workers raises a number of delicate employment law and policy issues. This article compares the attitude of the courts in England and Australia in relation to the question of the rights of workers who work contrary to immigration laws (illegal workers). In England, the courts have tended to adopt a traditional approach of not enforcing contracts which are tainted by illegality in relation to cases involving payment of wages and termination of employment. This has often meant that workers employed illegally have no rights to enforce agreements with employers who are a party to the illegal agreement. However, in relation to discrimination cases the English courts have used a number of devices to sidestep this harsh approach, and recently a number of workers who have been engaged illegally have been successful in establishing that their employer has discriminated unlawfully against them. Within the last decade in Australia the picture is even less clear with a mixture of outcomes in relation to cases by workers claiming wages when they have been working illegally. No discrimination cases have emerged in Australia, although this paper speculates that the Australian courts may be receptive to adopting the English approach.

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9

N, Kranjcic. "Unsupervised Classification for Illegal Building Monitoring." Open Access Journal of Waste Management & Xenobiotics 4, no. 1 (January 26, 2021): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajwx-16000157.

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In 2013 the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning has brought an act by which all illegally built objects must be legalized. To this date almost 75% legalization request has been solved. It is expected that by the end of 2019 all of the illegally built objects will be legalized. In order to prevent further construction of illegal objects the Ministry of Construction and Physical Planning is seeking a way to easily detect start of illegal construction. Since the Copernicus satellite images are available free of charge and with resolution of 10m it should be possible to detect mentioned objects. This paper will provide analysis of Copernicus Sentinel 2A imagery for such use based on unsupervised classification using machine learning. If such procedure results in satisfying accuracy it will be proposed model for automation of the process for monitoring the illegal building construction based on Sentinel 2A imagery.

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10

Kit Ng, Chin, Soon Nyean Cheong, Wen Wen-Jiun Yap, and Yee Loo Foo. "Outdoor Illegal Parking Detection System Using Convolutional Neural Network on Raspberry Pi." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.7 (July 4, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.7.16197.

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This paper proposes a cost-effective vision-based outdoor illegal parking detection system, iConvPark, to automatize the detection of illegally parked vehicles by providing real-time notification regarding the occurrences and locations of illegal parking cases, thereby improving effectiveness of parking rules and regulations enforcement. The iConvPark is implemented on a Raspberry Pi with the use of Convolutional Neural Network as the classifier to identify illegally parked vehicles based on live parking lot image retrieved via an IP camera. The system has been implemented at a university parking lot to detect illegal parking events. Evaluation results show that our proposed system is capable of detecting illegally parked vehicles with precision rate of 1.00 and recall rate of 0.94, implying that the detection is robust against changes in light intensity and the presence of shadow effects under different weather conditions, attributed to the superiority offered by CNN.

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11

Sidorov, V. N. "ILLEGAL RECEIPT OF UNEMPLOYMENT BENEFIT. GAPS IN THE LEGISLATION." Juridical Analytical Journal 15, no. 1 (April 10, 2020): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/1810-4088-2020-15-1-54-58.

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In the paper the problems of illegal receipt of unemployment benefit are analyzed. The author analyzes the main reasons of illegal receipt of unemployment benefit, gaps in legislation as well as proposed solutions to this problem. It raises issues of law enforcement practice to return the illegally obtained unemployment benefits.

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12

Schor, Ira. "Illegal Literacy." Journal of Basic Writing 19, no. 1 (2000): 100–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37514/jbw-j.2000.19.1.10.

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13

Jennings, Vanessa K., Bettina Friese, Ronald S. Moore, and Joel W. Grube. "Doubly Illegal." Californian Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2011): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.32398/cjhp.v9i2.1431.

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This study investigated sources of alcohol for underage drinkers. In-depth, semi-structured interviews were individually conducted with 47 youths, ages 15-18, who reported drinking within the last 12 months, to explore alcohol access. Theft was one method that some youths reported using to obtain alcohol. In addition to 9% of respondents who reported stealing alcohol from commercial outlets themselves, a total of 26% respondents reported occasions when their close friends stole alcohol. Our findings unveiled that teens had a body of knowledge that some drew upon for stealing alcohol. Youths revealed detailed knowledge about store layout, theft protection devices and store policies. In particular, respondents disclosed knowledge about which aisles have blind spots, how to remove security tops on bottles, and nochase policies. Theft of alcohol from commercial sources may be reduced by examining the weaknesses of existing theft prevention practices, and revising store policies.

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14

Ponduri, S., and S. Robinson. "Illegal jigs." British Dental Journal 200, no. 4 (February 2006): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4813278.

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15

Montgomery, James C. "Illegal Images." Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity 21, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 184–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10720162.2014.884394.

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16

Sansom, Clare. "Illegal Software." Biochemist 29, no. 2 (April 1, 2007): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bio02902041.

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17

Newell, Steven Wayne. "Illegal Heart." Religion & Public Education 16, no. 1 (January 1989): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10567224.1989.11488122.

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18

Mervartová, Jana. "Illegal employment." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 61, no. 7 (2013): 2507–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201361072507.

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Since 2007 Labour Code contains the definition of dependent work, which can be carried out only in labour-law relations. The Amendment to Labour Code from 2012 makes the definition more precise, when it stipulates essential elements of dependent work and designates the others as conditions, under which dependent work should be carried out. The Amendment to Employment Act changes the definition of illegal work. Illegal work is a performance of dependent work by natural person except for labour-law relation, or if natural person – foreigner carries out work in conflict with issued permission to employment or without this permission. Since 2012 sanctions for illegal work were increased. Labour inspection is entitled to impose sanctions, in case of foreigners it is Customs Office. For control purposes employer is obliged to have copies of documents at the workplace proving the existence of labour-law relation. Goal of controls and high fines is to limit illegal employment of citizens of Czech Republic and foreigners as well. Illegal work has unfavourable economic impact on state budget. It comes to extensive tax evasions and also to evasions within health insurance and social security. If a concluded commercial-law relation meets the attributes of dependent work, then it stands for a concealed legal relationship. Tax Office can subsequently assess an income tax to businessman. Labour-law relationship enjoys a higher legal protection than commercial-law relationship; nonetheless it is not suitable to limit liberty of contract in cases when it is not unambiguously a dependent activity.

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19

Guthrie, Robert. "Illegal Contracts." Alternative Law Journal 27, no. 3 (June 2002): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1037969x0202700303.

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20

van Dijk, Teun A. "`Illegal Aliens'." Discourse & Society 7, no. 3 (July 1996): 291–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957926596007003001.

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21

Hughes-Pollock, Kate. "Illegal practice." Australian Critical Care 7, no. 2 (June 1994): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1036-7314(94)70203-4.

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22

Leslie, M. "Illegal Formation." Science of Aging Knowledge Environment 2004, no. 16 (April 21, 2004): nf42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sageke.2004.16.nf42.

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23

lemay, eric. "Illegal Cheese." Gastronomica 9, no. 1 (2009): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2009.9.1.74.

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24

Corbitt, Terry. "Illegal software." Computer Fraud & Security Bulletin 1994, no. 1 (January 1994): 14–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0142-0496(10)80021-9.

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25

Cumming, Douglas, and Simona Zambelli. "Illegal buyouts." Journal of Banking & Finance 34, no. 2 (February 2010): 441–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2009.08.008.

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26

Russell, David, and Toby Graham. "Illegal trusts." Trusts & Trustees 22, no. 7 (July 2, 2016): 721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/tandt/ttw122.

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27

Rakic, Pasko. "Illegal Immigrations." Neuron 27, no. 3 (September 2000): 409–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)00047-7.

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28

Mohammadi, Reza, Nick Laird, and Hamid Kabir. "Illegal Immigrant." Prairie Schooner 87, no. 4 (2013): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/psg.2013.0157.

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29

Menjívar, Cecilia. "Everyday Illegal." Sociological Forum 31, no. 3 (September 2016): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/socf.12282.

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30

&NA;. "ILLEGAL DRUGS." Nursing 21, no. 11 (November 1991): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00152193-199111000-00038.

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31

Newman, James. "Illegal deposit." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 19, no. 1 (September 20, 2012): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856512456790.

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32

Caen, A. J. "Illegal sedation." British Dental Journal 212, no. 9 (May 2012): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2012.394.

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33

Goudkamp, James, and Lorenz König. "Illegal Earnings." Journal of European Tort Law 9, no. 1 (May 3, 2018): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jetl-2018-0103.

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AbstractThis article addresses the principles of tort law that govern claims in respect of lost illegal earnings. It focuses on common law jurisdictions (and the law in the United Kingdom in particular) where such claims, despite apparently being commonplace, have been largely ignored by academics. It describes the existing law and calls in aid in this regard a four-fold taxonomy of cases. The article then turns attention to how claims in respect of lost illegal earnings ought to be decided. At this juncture, the article looks to ideas emanating from German tort law, which has developed a highly sophisticated jurisprudence on the subject of illegal earnings. The German approach, stated simply, requires tort law to defer to rules in other departments of private law. If, for example, contract law would not protect an interest that a claimant has in a particular transaction by reason of the transaction being tainted with illegality, tort law will not allow a claimant indirectly to obtain the benefits of that transaction via a claim for lost illegal earnings. It is argued that the German solution holds considerable promise and merits consideration as a serious alternative to the significantly more complicated principles that the common law courts have developed, which principles currently lack any thoroughgoing rationalisation.

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34

Wettstein, Robert M. "Illegal drugs." Behavioral Sciences & the Law 9, no. 3 (1991): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2370090302.

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35

Talan, Mariya Vyacheslavovna, Ildar Rustamovich Begishev, Tatyana Gennadievna Zhukova, Diana Davlenovna Bersei, Regina Rustеmovna Musina, and Bairamkulov Asker Magometovich. "Criminal Liability for Organization of Illegal Migration." Cuestiones Políticas 39, no. 68 (March 7, 2021): 581–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.3968.37.

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The article discusses the criminal responsibility for illegally organizing migration, using a comparative documentary-based methodology. Constant changes in public life suggest the need to improve states' criminal policy in the field of establishing responsibility for organizing illegal migration, both nationally and internationally. An analysis of the provisions of international criminal law makes it possible to consider various legal approaches to the criminalization of acts in the field of migration. The document underpins the need to develop a unified approach to determining the characteristics of the crime in question, as it is transnational. It is concluded that, regardless of the different approaches of States to recognize illegal population migration, the organization of this illegal activity, in the presence of certain signs, should be recognized as a crime. At the same time, the organization of illegal migration is defined as the commission by a criminal group (association of criminal groups) of actions aimed at creating the conditions for the illegal movement of foreign nationals across the state border or their illegal presence in each country.

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36

Wicaksono, Dava Irfani. "Illegal Immigrants Between Indonesia Australia: How the Law and Policy Solving the Problems?" Digest: Journal of Jurisprudence and Legisprudence 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 91–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/digest.v2i1.48635.

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Анотація:

In the recent years, cases of illegal immigrants from Indonesia to Australia have been escalated, so Australia itself created a rule that functioned for those dark or illegal immigrants were unable to enter the Territory Australia. The rules are the policy of the rule of the country and the third policy and whether Indonesia itself is a sovereign state that has had an excellent policy in resolving cases of illegal or ilelal immigrants within its territory Own. With the methodology of the juridical approach of Normative, using primary and secondary data, studying and evaluating several principles and legal norms relating to the sovereignty of the State and illegal immigrants obtained from libraries and regulations Then in a qualitative descriptive analysis to derive conclusions. In Indonesia's policy must have been regulated through LAW No. 6 of 2011 on immigration, which is where there is a solution in the case of dark immigrants. But this is still not effective in handling the issue of illegal immigrants and is a partial where it still makes illegal immigrants or illegally victims of casualties and the absence of sanctions and deterrent effects against them. Indonesia should make the national sovereignty principle a guideline for making regulatory policies regarding illegal immigrants.

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37

Rumesten, R.S., Iza, Febrian Febrian, Helmanida Helmanida, and Agus Ngadino. "Community Participation Arrangements to Prevent Illegal Drilling." Hasanuddin Law Review 4, no. 3 (January 6, 2019): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v4i3.1291.

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Анотація:

The practice of illegal drilling does not only result in destruction for to the environment, but also result in the social gap, national losses, and people’s lives. It happens to illegal drilling conducted manually using traditional equipment and less operational standard. This illegal drilling may happen because ineffective law applied and no regulation on social participation in the Law of oil and natural gas. This research uses the normative method, the result of research is analyzed qualitatively. The research showed that the active social participation was needed in environmental law enforcement to prevent a great number of illegal drilling practice, the higher level of social participation in environmental law enforcement, and the smaller illegal drilling practice could be. Thus, there must be any act arranging for social participation in enforcing the environmental law arranged in the law No. 22 of 2001 because of those the local societies who get the direct effect of environmental destruction as a result of drilling of oil and natural gas illegally.

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38

Akmam, Noor Rashid Mir, and Siti Nursyakirah Yuslan. "INTERNATIONAL LAW OF SMUGGLING." International Journal of Law Reconstruction 3, no. 2 (September 22, 2019): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v3i2.7792.

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Smuggling is the act of carrying goods or people illegally and hidden, like out of a building, into jail, or through of border, Contrary to the law or other regulations. Smuggling encouraged various reasons. These include illegal trade, such as drugs, Immigration and illegal migration, avoid excise, Smuggling of illegal goods to prisoners, or smuggling stolen goods. Another example is the financial motive for it is not like bringing banned items past a security checkpoint (as in airfield) or removal of confidential documents from the state or government officials. Type the smuggling of goods, people and wild creatures.

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39

Lin, Jiunn-Cheng, Jun-Yen Lee, and Wan-Yu Liu. "Risk Analysis of Regions with Suspicious Illegal Logging and Their Trade Flows." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 23, 2021): 3549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063549.

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To eradicate illegally harvested wood sources in its domestic market, it is critical to conduct risk assessments on wood sourcing in regions with illegal loggings. It is not reliable to use a single indicator to analyze suspicious illegal logging. This study integrates three key global indicators: CPI (Corruption Perceptions Index), HDI (Human Development Indicator), and WGI (The Worldwide Governance Indicators) by applying the entropy weight method to establish a new risk indicator to rank suspicious illegal logging regions. This study aims to establish better risk indicators by considering more factors to assess the risks of illegal logging and its trade flow more reliably. By analyzing roundwood production, Myanmar, Congo, and Nigeria are rated high-risk. Countries such as the U.S., Germany, Canada, and Finland are rated low-risk.

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40

Lischer, Suzanne, and Oriana Gebhard. "Das illegal organisierte Glücksspiel in der Schweiz: Eine explorative Studie." SUCHT 64, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 141–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0939-5911/a000538.

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Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Die glücksspielbedingten Probleme, welche sich für die Betroffenen aus der Teilnahme an illegalen Glücksspielen ergeben, wurden bisher nur am Rande erforscht. Um einen Überblick über das Problemfeld zu gewinnen, wurde eine explorative Untersuchung durchgeführt. Methodik: Folgenden Fragestellungen wurde nachgegangen: (1) Wie wird der illegale Glücksspielmarkt aus Sicht der Betroffenen wahrgenommen? (2) Welche individuellen Gründe liegen der Teilnahme an illegalen Glücksspielen zugrunde? (3) Welche glücksspielbedingten Probleme nehmen Betroffene subjektiv wahr? (4) Wie schätzen Fachpersonen aus der Suchthilfe die glücksspielbedingten Probleme von Betroffenen ein? Mit 18 Personen, welche an illegalen Glücksspielen teilnehmen oder teilgenommen haben, wurden problemzentrierte Interviews durchgeführt. Zudem wurden 36 Fachpersonen aus der Suchthilfe schriftlich befragt. Ergebnisse: Die Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass es in der Schweiz ein leicht zugängliches illegales Glücksspielangebot gibt. Die Gründe für die Teilnahme an illegalen Glücksspielen sind vielfältig. Die Betroffenen berichten von fehlenden Jugend- und Spielschutzmaßnahmen, der Vergabe von Krediten und persönlichen Verstrickungen zwischen teilnehmenden Personen und Anbietern. Die Schilderungen decken sich mit den Einschätzungen der Fachpersonen. Schlussfolgerung: Das Ausmaß des illegalen Glücksspiels sowie die spezifischen Probleme, welche für die Betroffenen aus der Spielteilnahme resultieren, sollten in epidemiologischen Studien untersucht werden.

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41

Notoprojo, Aristo Arie, Sholahuddin Al-Fatih, and Catur WIdo Haruni. "Analisis Putusan No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN/Sit Dalam Perkara Tindak Pidana Pembalakan Liar Ditinjau Dari Aspek Keadilan." Indonesia Law Reform Journal 2, no. 2 (November 12, 2022): 206–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22219/ilrej.v2i2.22262.

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The Illegal logging is an organized illegal timber use activity. This crime is usually carried out by more than two people in a certain time for the purpose of destroying forests and selling wood products illegally. In Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit the defendant Asyiani was dropped by a criminal witness of illegal logging thanks to a special criminal offense. Where the defendant has carried out illegal logging on Perhutani's land. The problem with this research is What is the basis for the judge's consideration in Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit regarding the crime of illegal logging and How due to the law of Decision No.39/Pid.B/2015/PN.Sit about the crime of illegal logging is reviewed from the justice aspect. The research methods used are normative legal methods that use primary legal materials, secondary legal materials, tertiary legal materials and data analysis. The results of the study show less precisely the judge's consideration in the case against the defendant and the legal consequences reviewed from the aspect of pancasila justice were less appropriate because the defendant was given a probation sentence in which the criminal act of illegal logging was one special crime. The author's advice needs to be done with fair funding according to the crime committed by the defendant and this problem can be resolved by deliberation

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42

Munir, Abdul, and Risky Widarso. "Analisis Kriminologi Terhadap Penyeludupan Pakaian Bekas (Studi Kasus Wilayah Hukum Polres Indargiri Hilir)." SISI LAIN REALITA 3, no. 2 (August 28, 2019): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25299/sisilainrealita.2018.vol3(2).3716.

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This study aims to determine the factors causing people’s purchasing power against illegally used clothing in Indragiri Hilir Regency is high enough and to know the prevention effortsof illegal second-hand clothing in the community of Indragiri Hilir Regancy. Metode of this study was descriptive survey. This research is located in Legal Police Of Indragiri Hilir. Key informant in this research is Invisible Criminal Polres Indragiri Hilir and Customs. While the informants in this study are observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the factors causing people’s purchasing power againts illegally used clothing in Indragiri Hilir Regency is quite high because of the community we do not care whether the cloting bought illegally or not is important is cheap and quality and society is not shy buy or use second hand products abroad especially used illegal gear. Efforts to prevent teh circulation of illegal second-hand clothing in the community of Indragiri Hilir Regency are : preventive that is supervision through marine patrol, and repressive that is making arrest or action while pre-emptive efforts have never been done.

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43

Gafurov, Farkhod. "THE FIGHT AGAINST THE ILLEGAL EXPORT OF CURRENCY VALUES FROM THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN TO FOREIGN COUNTRIES IS AN URGENT TASK!" JOURNAL OF LAW RESEARCH 6, no. 6 (June 30, 2021): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9130-2021-6-10.

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Today, as a result of the reforms carried out in the field of currency policy liberalization in the Republic of Uzbekistan, a wide range of favorable opportunities for entrepreneurs and citizens engaged in foreign economic activity is being created. Nevertheless, there are attempts to illegally use the opportunities created by some citizens and "unclean entrepreneurs", in particular, there arecases of illegal withdrawal of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries.This situation, in turn, causes an escalation and growth of illegal withdrawal of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries. Since the fight against the illegal export of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries remains an urgent task. Based on the above, this scientific article will cover in detail the importance and relevance of the fight against the illegal export of currency values from the Republic of Uzbekistan to foreign countries, proposals for measures to prevent it. Keywords:protectionism, currency, currency values, foreign economic activity, illegal export, import, export, tariff and non-tariff regulation.

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44

Filipowska-Tuthill, Monika. "Nielegalna imigracja z perspektywy występku umożliwienia lub ułatwienia pobytu na terytorium Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej." Nowa Kodyfikacja Prawa Karnego 43 (May 16, 2017): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-5065.43.8.

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Illegal immigration from the perspective of the crime of enabling or facilitating stay on the Polish territoryThis article is devoted to the important and very current problem of immigration, from the perspective of European Union and Polish regulations. This paper analyzes the crime of enabling and facilitating the illegal stay on the Polish territory, where the perpetrator acts for personal or financial gain. The subject here is the protection of public safety and order against unauthorized aliens. Illegally staying in the Republic of Poland, foreigners create a broad spectrum of threats to the state and its citizens from administrative to illegal employment in organized crime and international terrorism.

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45

Tacconi, Luca, Krystof Obidzinski, Joyotee Smith, Subarudi, and Iman Suramenggala. "Can ‘Legalization’ of Illegal Forest Activities Reduce Illegal Logging?" Journal of Sustainable Forestry 19, no. 1-3 (November 8, 2004): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j091v19n01_07.

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46

Vinner, E. R. "Criminal Liability for Illegal Securities Transactions." Actual Problems of Russian Law 16, no. 1 (January 28, 2021): 181–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2021.122.1.181-188.

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The paper analyzes the most common typical forms of infringements and the main aspects of liability for illegal securities transactions provided for by the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and foreign countries. The author refers to such typical infringements as counterfeit of securities; counterfeit securities usage (regardless of their issuers); issue (emission) of securities carried out in prohibited ways or in violation of the requirements established by law; introduction of illegally issued securities into circulation; violation of the established order of circulation (illegal circulation) of securities; illegal use of so-called insider information. In order to define these standard forms the author analyses the national criminal legislation, as well as the criminal legislation of Azerbaijan, Belarus, Bulgaria, Germany, Holland, Georgia, Denmark, Spain, Kazakhstan, Latvia, Poland, Uzbekistan, Estonia.

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47

Lewerissa, Yanti Amelia. "Impersonating Fishermen: Illegal Fishing and the Entry of Illegal Immigrants as Transnational Crime." Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies 3, no. 02 (December 9, 2018): 273–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/jils.v3i02.27558.

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Illegal fishing carried out by foreign fishing vessels (Kapal Ikan Asing, KIA) and Indonesian fishing vessels (Kapal Ikan Indonesia, KII) in Indonesian waters also causes other crimes such as the entry of illegal immigrants to Indonesia. This writing aims to assess the relationship between illegal fishing and the entry of illegal immigrants as a form of transnational crime. The research method used is normative legal research. The sources of legal material used are primary, secondary and tertiary legal materials related to writing. The technique of collecting data through library studies and analyzed qualitatively. The results of the study show that Indonesia as the largest archipelagic country in the world with 17,504 large and small islands and a length of coastline of 81,700 km 2 makes Indonesia a country with abundant marine resource potential. For this reason, many foreign naval fleets have made Indonesian waters as the main destination for their capture fisheries. This capture fishery company has more foreign ownership, the exploitation of marine resources that we own both legally and illegally. Likewise, this also happened in the Moluccas territory. As a province of the archipelago with an ocean area of 658,295 km 2 with a coastline length of 11,000 km 2, the Maluku Sea holds abundant potential for marine wealth. Arafura Sea is one of the fisheries management areas which is often the main destination for foreign-owned fishing vessels. These fresh fish from the Moluccas are stolen and taken away in fresh condition directly to the area of origin of the perpetrators. Illegal fishing activities not only make Indonesia economically disadvantaged, but there is another problem, namely the existence of other crimes that usually follow the illegal fishing activities. One of them is the entry of illegal immigrants into Indonesian territory.

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48

Basir, Muh Askal. "UPAYA PEMERINTAH DALAM MENANGANI ILLEGAL LOGING (STUDI PADA UPTD KEHUTANAN KECAMATAN KULISUSU KABUPATEN BUTON UTARA)." Kybernan: Jurnal Studi Kepemerintahan 1, no. 2 (September 1, 2016): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.35326/kybernan.v1i2.171.

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Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi terjadinya Illegal Loging di Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara, Faktor-faktor apa yang ditimbulkan Illegal Loging terhadap kehidupan masyarakat di Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara dan Untuk mengetahui Upaya Pemerintah Dalam menangani Illegal Loging di Kecamatan Kulisusu Kabupaten Buton Utara Jenis penelitian ini merupakan Jenis penelitian kualitatif dimana Metode ini dapat juga digunakan untuk mendapatkan wawasan tentang sesuatu yang baru sedikit diketahui. Teknikanalisayangdigunakandalampenelitian ini adalah melalui tahapan sebagai berikut:(1)Melakukan telaah data,yaitu berupa penyajian hasil data secara menyeluruh, baik dari hasil wawancara maupun dokumentasi, (2) Reduksi data, (3) Penyusunan kedalam satuan-satuan,(4)Kategorisasi,(5) Pemeriksaan keabsahan data, yaitu upaya menentukan datayang masuk memenuhi syarat penelitianatau belum, sehingga kalau belum maka dapat disempurnakan, dan (6) analisa dan penafsiran data Hasil Penelitian ini adalah (1)Faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan terjadiya illegal logging yaitu Kekurangan personel aparat kehutanan yang menyebabkan lemahnya pengawasan, lemahnya payung hukum menyebabkan sangsi yang diberkan kepada pelaku illigal logging sangat ringan,ketersediaan lapangan kerja dan faktor kmiskinan warga, Keterlibatan aparat penagak hukum sehingga menyebabkan adanya main mata atau KKN diantara aparat dan palaku illegal logging (2)Dampak yang terjadi akibat illegala logging yaitu dampak terhadap lingkingan, dampak terhadap kelestarian hutan, dampak terhadap ekonomi (3) Upaya pemerintah daerah kabupaten buton utara dalam menanggulangi Illegal logging yaitu Dengan menambah jumlah personil aparat kehutanan, Membuat Pembuatan peraturan daerah sebagai payung Hukum, Pemberian izin, Menerapkan sanksi yang berat, membuka lapangan pekejaan, Memberikan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat.

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49

Krieger, T. "ON THE ASYMPTOTIC BEHAVIOR OF A DISCRETE TIME INSPECTION GAME." Mathematical Modelling and Analysis 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/1392-6292.2008.13.37-46.

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In many material processing and storing plants an inspector performs during some reference time interval, e.g. one year, a number of inspections because it can not be excluded that the plant operator acts illegally by violating agreed rules, e.g., diverts valuable material. The inspections guarantee that any illegal action is detected at the earliest inspection following the beginning of that illegal action. We assume that the inspector wants to choose the time points for his inspections such that the time which elapses between the beginning of the illegal action and its detection is minimized whereas the operator wants to start his illegal action such that the elapsed time is maximized. Therefore, this inspection problem is modelled as a zero‐sum game with strategies and payoffs as described. Depending on the concrete situation the start of the illegal action and the inspections can take place either at a finite number of time points or at every time point of a reference period. The first case can be modelled as a zero‐sum game with finite pure strategy sets while the latter one leads to a zero‐sum game with infinite pure strategy sets and discontinuous payoff kernel.

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50

Bongirwar, Vrushali. "Illegal Link Tracker." Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications 13, no. 14 (December 28, 2020): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.21786/bbrc/13.14/19.

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