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Статті в журналах з теми "IgE mediated allergy"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Białek, Sławomir, and Katarzyna Białek-Gosk. "Modern diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy – molecular diagnosis of allergies." Diagnostyka Laboratoryjna 52, no. 1 (April 18, 2016): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0008.9630.

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Анотація:

Diagnostic difficulties resulting from the imperfections of natural allergen extracts inspired to use genetic engineering techniques to produce recombinant allergens or obtaining highly purified components (component) allergen. This led to the development of modern diagnostic technique in allergy or molecular diagnostics. The basis for understanding the molecular diagnosis of allergies is to know the properties of allergens. Each allergen is composed of various proteins known. component capable of sensitizing allergen, and each component includes a plurality of epitopes that can be divided into one species-specific epitopes, and the identical amino acid structure of the epitopes derived from different species. Specific epitopes are responsible for primary sensitization, while the epitopes with similar structures are responsible for cross-reactions. Finding sensitization several epitopes is a strong indication of the occurrence of much more dangerous allergic reactions than only one epitope. In addition, molecular diagnosis of allergies allows for personalized diagnosis of allergic patients. It enables the assessment of individual risk of allergic symptoms and allows you to distinguish the original from allergy symptoms caused by cross-reactions. It should be noted, however, that the diagnosis of allergy should be based on a comprehensive evaluation of the results and their confrontation with data from the interview. The mere detection of allergen-specific IgE antibodies, even the method of molecular diagnostics, without the presence of clinical symptoms does not confirm an allergy or illness. Only goes to confirm that the body of such a person is allergic and that the symptoms of this condition may at some point reveal but not necessarily.

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2

Zhang, PeiAo, Jihui Gao, Huilian Che, Wentong Xue, and Dong Yang. "Molecular Basis of IgE-Mediated Shrimp Allergy and Heat Desensitization." Nutrients 13, no. 10 (September 27, 2021): 3397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13103397.

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Crustacean allergy, especially to shrimp, is the most predominant cause of seafood allergy. However, due to the high flexibility of immunoglobulin E (IgE), its three-dimensional structure remains unsolved, and the molecular mechanism of shrimp allergen recognition is unknown. Here a chimeric IgE was built in silico, and its variable region in the light chain was replaced with sequences derived from shrimp tropomyosin (TM)-allergic patients. A variety of allergenic peptides from the Chinese shrimp TM were built, treated with heating, and subjected to IgE binding in silico. Amino acid analysis shows that the amino acid residue conservation in shrimp TM contributes to eliciting an IgE-mediated immune response. In the shrimp-allergic IgE, Glu98 in the light chain and other critical residues that recognize allergens from shrimp are implicated in the molecular basis of IgE-mediated shrimp allergy. Heat treatment could alter the conformations of TM allergenic peptides, impact their intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and subsequently decrease the binding between these peptides and IgE. We found Glu98 as the characteristic amino acid residue in the light chain of IgE to recognize general shrimp-allergic sequences, and heat-induced conformational change generally desensitizes shrimp allergens.

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3

Cianferoni, Antonella. "Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy." Current Pediatric Reviews 16, no. 2 (July 1, 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573396315666191031103714.

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Анотація:

: Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 2% of adults in western countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising like all allergic diseases. In addition to well-recognized urticaria and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody– mediated immune responses, there is an increasing recognition of cell-mediated disorders, such as eosinophilic esophagitis and food protein–induced enterocolitis. Non-IgE-Mediated gastrointestinal food allergies are a heterogeneous group of food allergies in which there is an immune reaction against food but the primary pathogenesis is not a production of IgE and activation of mast cells and basophils. : Those diseases tend to affect mainly the gastrointestinal tract and can present as acute (FPIES) or chronic reaction, such as Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP). The role of food allergy in Non-EoE gastrointestinal Eosinophilic disorders (Non- EoE EGID) is poorly understood. : In some diseases like EoE, T cell seems to play a major role in initiating the immunological reaction against food, however, in FPIES and FPIAP, the mechanism of sensitization is not clear. : Diagnosis requires food challenges and/or endoscopies in most of the patients, as there are no validated biomarkers that can be used for monitoring or diagnosis of Non-IgE mediated food allergies. : The treatment of Non-IgE food allergy is dependent on diet (FPIES, and EoE) and/or use of drugs (i.e. steroids, PPI) in EoE and Non-EoE EGID. : Non-IgE mediated food allergies are being being investigated.

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4

Cianferoni, Antonella. "Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy." Current Pediatric Reviews 16, no. 2 (May 2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157339631566619103110371.

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Анотація:

Food allergies, defined as an immune response to food proteins, affect as many as 8% of young children and 2% of adults in western countries, and their prevalence appears to be rising like all allergic diseases. In addition to well-recognized urticaria and anaphylaxis triggered by IgE antibody– mediated immune responses, there is an increasing recognition of cell-mediated disorders, such as eosinophilic esophagitis and food protein–induced enterocolitis. Non-IgE-Mediated gastrointestinal food allergies are a heterogeneous group of food allergies in which there is an immune reaction against food but the primary pathogenesis is not a production of IgE and activation of mast cells and basophils. Those diseases tend to affect mainly the gastrointestinal tract and can present as acute (FPIES) or chronic reaction, such as Eosinophilic Esophagitis (EoE), Food Protein-Induced Allergic Proctocolitis (FPIAP). The role of food allergy in Non-EoE gastrointestinal Eosinophilic disorders (Non- EoE EGID) is poorly understood. In some diseases like EoE, T cell seems to play a major role in initiating the immunological reaction against food, however, in FPIES and FPIAP, the mechanism of sensitization is not clear. Diagnosis requires food challenges and/or endoscopies in most of the patients, as there are no validated biomarkers that can be used for monitoring or diagnosis of Non-IgE mediated food allergies. The treatment of Non-IgE food allergy is dependent on diet (FPIES, and EoE) and/or use of drugs (i.e. steroids, PPI) in EoE and Non-EoE EGID. Non-IgE mediated food allergies are being being investigated.

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5

Wei, Tianhao. "Pathological Mechanisms Underlying IgE-mediated Food Allergy." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 2 (June 22, 2022): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v2i.578.

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Анотація:

Food allergy is an immune disease triggered by abnormal immune responses against harmless antigens that enter through our gut lumen. There are two major pathways that contribute to the food allergic symptoms: IgE-mediated and non IgE-mediated. Among all food allergy cases that have already been discovered, IgE-mediated mechanisms are responsible for over 80-90% of the cases. The IgE-mediated mechanisms include epithelium damage, T helper 2 cell induction, IgE antibody production, and the final symptoms caused by the effector cells. We also discovered that there may exist a potential relationship between B cell metabolism and the IgE production, which ultimately leads to food allergy. At the same time, since more and more people now enjoy more diverse food sources, issues regarding food allergy are outbursting these years as people’s exposure to different food proteins and antigens rapidly increase. It is shown that the United States government is losing billions dollars annually to cover the lost caused by food allergy. Given the worldwide prevalence of the food allergy and the increasingly unhealthy lifestyles of many people, it is highly crucial for us to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the IgE-mediated food allergy, which is the most common and influential pathway that risks millions of lives. Therefore, this Review goes over the basic mechanisms underlying the IgE-mediated food allergy, namely how epithelium damage, T helper 2 cell induction, IgE antibody production, effector cell activation, and B cell metabolism lead to the final symptoms of food allergy.

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6

Anvari, Sara, Jennifer Miller, Chih-Yin Yeh, and Carla M. Davis. "IgE-Mediated Food Allergy." Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology 57, no. 2 (October 29, 2018): 244–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12016-018-8710-3.

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7

Calhoun, Karen H., and Minka L. Schofield. "IgE-mediated food allergy." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 18, no. 3 (June 2010): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/moo.0b013e328339530e.

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8

Satyaraj, Ebenezer, Peichuan Sun, and Scott Sherrill. "Fel d1 Blocking Antibodies: A Novel Method to Reduce IgE-Mediated Allergy to Cats." Journal of Immunology Research 2021 (June 19, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5545173.

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Fel d1 is an important allergen produced by cats that causes IgE reactions in up to 95% of cat-allergic adults. Immunotherapy to reduce human allergy to cats has demonstrated that people have the capacity to produce allergen-specific neutralizing antibodies that block IgE-mediated allergic responses. We wished to determine if “blocking” antibodies could be used to reduce the IgE binding ability of cat allergens prior to their exposure to humans. Here, we describe the characterization of Fel d1-specific antibodies. We demonstrated the efficacy of a rabbit polyclonal and an allergen-specific chicken IgY to bind to Fel d1 in cat saliva and block Fel d1-IgE binding and IgE-mediated basophil degranulation. Fel d1 blocking antibodies offer a new and exciting approach to the neutralization of cat allergens.

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9

Shreffler, Wayne G. "Pathophysiology of immunoglobulin E‐mediated food allergy." Journal of Food Allergy 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200024.

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Анотація:

The pathophysiology of immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated food allergy has been understood on a superficial level for several decades. Surveillance by dendritic cells for exogenous antigens leads to a high-affinity IgE response that arms effector cells (sensitization), such that subsequent exposures can trigger a type 1 hypersensitivity recall response. However, merely scratching the surface, whether confronting unmet needs in a clinical setting or probing the basic immunology of allergic immunity, quickly reveals the many unmet fundamental questions that lie there. This review article focused on the following such questions. Why are common allergens common? How does sensitization most often occur? How is IgE maintained over long time periods, even in the apparent absence of exposure? What distinguishes sensitization from clinical allergy? Can we stratify risk (i.e., sensitivity and severity)? What distinguishes the pathophysiology of non‐IgE-mediated allergy when so much of it seems to overlap?

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10

Pontone, Matteo, Mattia Giovannini, Simona Barni, Francesca Mori, Elisabetta Venturini, Luisa Galli, Claudia Valleriani, et al. "IgE-mediated Anisakis allergy in children." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 51, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 98–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v51i1.692.

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Anisakids are nematodes responsible for different clinical patterns in humans. The well-known human-infecting Anisakis species include members of the Anisakis simplex (AS) complex. Humans usually contract anisakiasis through ingestion of raw or undercooked seafood containing Anisakis larvae. Once Anisakis has been ingested, patients may develop disease driven directly by Anisakis larvae and/or by allergic reaction due to this nematode. The capability of inducing allergic reactions depends on the expression of specific antigens by nematodes and host factors. This study aims to resume actual knowledge about AS and Anisakiasis with regard to epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. Particular attention is paid to Anisakis allergens and their cross-reactivity on available diagnostic methods, and defining a diagnostic pathway for Anisakis allergy. Because only a few data are available in the literature about pediatric population, we focus on this group of patients specifically.

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11

Larson, Elisabeth M., Susanna M. Babasyan, and Bettina Wagner. "Peripheral IgE+ plasmablasts as a biomarker of clinical allergy onset and severity." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 49.12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.49.12.

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Анотація:

Abstract IgE-mediated allergies depend on the continuous production of allergen-specific IgE to maintain allergic sensitization. While IgE+ plasma cells are the primary source of this IgE, IgE+ plasmablasts can provide a snapshot in peripheral blood of the current response to allergen. We developed a novel approach to characterize IgE+ plasmablasts in peripheral blood and determined the relationship between allergen exposure, IgE+ plasmablasts and clinical disease. We used a unique large animal model of naturally occurring allergy, equine Culicoides hypersensitivity, which allowed all individuals to have similar timing and frequency of allergen exposure and allowed longitudinal collection of samples from the same allergic and healthy individuals over time. We found that peripheral IgE+ plasmablasts spontaneously secrete IgE, express high levels of the IgE receptor CD23 on their surface, and positively correlate with clinical disease severity. In conclusion, IgE+ plasmablasts are critical in the mechanism of allergy through IgE secretion and serve as a quantitative biomarker of allergic disease development and severity. This work was supported by the Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research at Cornell University; the USDA/NIFA [#2005-01812, #2015-67015-23072, and #2019-67015-29833]; and National Institutes of Health [#1S10RR025502 through Cornell University’s Biotechnology Resource Center].

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12

Alakhras, Nada Salem, Jaeho Shin, Scott Smith, Basar Bilgicer, and Mark H. Kaplan. "Covalent heterobivalent inhibitor effectively inhibits anaphylaxis to peanut allergen in a humanized mouse model." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2022): 49.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.49.02.

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Анотація:

Abstract Peanut-induced allergy is an IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity reaction that manifests symptoms ranging from local edema to life-threatening anaphylaxis. While there are treatments for symptoms in allergic patients resulting from allergen exposure, there are few preventive therapies other than avoidance and no allergen specific therapies. We have previously designed a covalent heterobivalent inhibitor (cHBI) that binds in an allergen-specific manner as a preventive for allergic reactions. Building on previous in vitro testing, in this report we have developed a humanized mouse model to test cHBI efficacy in vivo. Humanized mice (NSG-SCF/GM-CSF/IL-3) developed mature functional human mast cells in various tissues and developed robust anaphylactic reactions when passively sensitized with human IgE monoclonal antibodies specific for peanut allergen. We found that the allergic response is IgE dose-dependent and is mediated by human mast cells indicated by elevated tryptase serum levels and the upregulation of mast cell degranulation markers. Using the validated humanized mouse model, we showed that cHBI inhibited IgE-mediated anaphylaxis and human mast cell degranulation. We demonstrated that cHBI effectively inhibits anaphylaxis for up to 14 days, and cHBI inhibition is specific to peanut allergen. Importantly, cHBI rescued the mice from lethal anaphylactic response during oral peanut-induced anaphylaxis. These findings suggest that cHBI has the potential to be an effective preventative for peanut food allergy in patients.

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13

Jyonouchi, Harumi. "Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy." Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2008): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/187152808785748119.

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14

Cianferoni, Antonella. "Non-IgE Mediated Food Allergy." Current Pediatric Reviews 16, no. 2 (2020): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18756336mtay9mdej3.

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15

Lee, Wei-I., Melinda C. Ford, and Katrina L. Randall. "IgE-mediated allergy to remifentanil?" Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 47, no. 1 (January 2019): 98–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x18811730.

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16

Rindsjö, Erika, and Annika Scheynius. "Mechanisms of IgE-mediated allergy." Experimental Cell Research 316, no. 8 (May 2010): 1384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.02.038.

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17

Garvey, Lene Heise, Mogens Krøigaard, Lars K. Poulsen, Per Stahl Skov, Holger Mosbech, Lennart Venemalm, Fredrik Degerbeck, and Bent Husum. "IgE-mediated allergy to chlorhexidine." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 120, no. 2 (August 2007): 409–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2007.04.029.

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18

Bolhaar, S. T. H. P., M. Mulder, and C. J. W. van Ginkel. "IgE-mediated allergy to henna." Allergy 56, no. 3 (March 2001): 248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056003248.x.

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19

Nettis, E., G. Napoli, A. Ferrannini, and A. Tursi. "IgE-mediated allergy to bromelain." Allergy 56, no. 3 (March 2001): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056003257.x.

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20

Lozano-Ojalvo, Daniel, Guillaume Lezmi, Naima Cortes-Perez, and Karine Adel-Patient. "Non-IgE mediated food allergy." Drug Discovery Today: Disease Models 17-18 (2015): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ddmod.2016.09.003.

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21

Pant, Harshita, Mark A. Schembri, Peter J. Wormald, and Peter J. Macardle. "IgE-mediated fungal allergy in allergic fungal sinusitis." Laryngoscope 119, no. 6 (April 8, 2009): 1046–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/lary.20170.

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22

Varshney, Pooja, and Jacqueline A. Pongracic. "Clinical manifestations of immunoglobulin E‐mediated food allergy, including pollen‐food allergy syndrome." Journal of Food Allergy 2, no. 1 (September 1, 2020): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/jfa.2020.2.200002.

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Анотація:

Immunoglobulin E-(IgE) mediated food allergy affects people of all ages but does not have a consistent presentation and may result in various manifestations, even for an individual. The onset of symptoms is usually quite rapid, minutes to a few hours after consumption of the allergen, although exceptions exist. Cutaneous and gastrointestinal symptoms are the most common clinical manifestations; however, they are not present in all allergic reactions. Clinicians, particularly those in emergency care settings, need to be aware that the lack of cutaneous manifestations does not exclude the possibility of anaphylaxis. It is extremely unusual for food allergy reactions to present with isolated upper or lower respiratory symptoms, nor is chronic urticaria a manifestation of food allergy. Clinical manifestations of IgE-mediated food allergy range from mild to severe and, in rare cases, can be fatal. Mild, localized reactions, such as those that occur in pollen‐food allergy syndrome, occur in individuals with sensitization to pollens. A small proportion of patients with this syndrome develop anaphylaxis. Alcohol, medications (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antacids), physical exertion, increased body temperature, acute infection, and menstruation are factors that are known to augment the severity of food-induced allergic reactions.

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23

Lee, Khui Hung, Jing Guo, Yong Song, Amir Ariff, Michael O’Sullivan, Belinda Hales, Benjamin J. Mullins, and Guicheng Zhang. "Dysfunctional Gut Microbiome Networks in Childhood IgE-Mediated Food Allergy." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2079. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22042079.

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The development of food allergy has been reported to be related with the changes in the gut microbiome, however the specific microbe associated with the pathogenesis of food allergy remains elusive. This study aimed to comprehensively characterize the gut microbiome and identify individual or group gut microbes relating to food-allergy using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with network analysis. Faecal samples were collected from children with IgE-mediated food allergies (n = 33) and without food allergy (n = 27). Gut microbiome was profiled by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. OTUs obtained from 16S rRNA gene sequencing were then used to construct a co-abundance network using Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and mapped onto Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. We identified a co-abundance network module to be positively correlated with IgE-mediated food allergy and this module was characterized by a hub taxon, namely Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 (phylum Firmicutes). Functional pathway analysis of all the gut microbiome showed enrichment of methane metabolism and glycerolipid metabolism in the gut microbiome of food-allergic children and enrichment of ubiquinone and other terpenoid-quinone biosynthesis in the gut microbiome of non-food allergic children. We concluded that Ruminococcaceae UCG-002 may play determinant roles in gut microbial community structure and function leading to the development of IgE-mediated food allergy.

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24

Sipka, Sándor. "Az allergia laboratóriumi diagnosztikájának rövid hazai története, a jelen lehetőségei és a jövő perspektívája." Orvosi Hetilap 156, no. 32 (August 2015): 1275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2015.30223.

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Анотація:

Up to know the indications for the optimal applications of laboratory diagnosis of allergic diseases have become widely known. Measurements of allergy specific IgE and various tests of cell mediated immunity are included in the practice. It can be stated that measurements of total serum IgE and allergen specific IgE (kU/l and RAST classes) can be maintained further in the Hungarian practice with the expected continuous participation of all laboratories in the external quality control program (QualiCont). However, it is also apparent that regional introduction of the urgent “molecular (component) based allergy diagnostics” has become necessary for efficient allergen specific immunotherapy in Hungary. In cases of the allergen specific cell mediated immunologic reactions, allergen induced cell proliferation and cytokine release measurements are recommended. However, it is also obvious that application of these measurements in clinical practice need correct financial support from health care authorities. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(32), 1275–1280.

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25

Abrams, Elissa M., Kyla J. Hildebrand, and Edmond S. Chan. "Non-IgE-mediated food allergy: Evaluation and management." Paediatrics & Child Health 26, no. 3 (April 27, 2021): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pch/pxaa131.

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Abstract The most common types of non-IgE-mediated food allergy are food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) and food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP). FPIES presents with delayed refractory emesis, while FPIAP presents with hematochezia in otherwise healthy infants. Acute management of FPIES includes rehydration or ondansetron, or both. No acute management is required for FPIAP. Long-term management of both disorders includes avoidance of the trigger food. The prognosis for both conditions is a high rate of resolution within a few years’ time.

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26

Buyuktiryaki, Betul, Marzio Masini, Francesca Mori, Simona Barni, Giulia Liccioli, Lucrezia Sarti, Lorenzo Lodi, et al. "IgE-Mediated Fish Allergy in Children." Medicina 57, no. 1 (January 18, 2021): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010076.

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Анотація:

Fish allergy constitutes a severe problem worldwide. Its prevalence has been calculated as high as 7% in paediatric populations, and in many cases, it persists into adulthood with life-threatening signs and symptoms. The following review focuses on the epidemiology of Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated fish allergy, its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and a thorough approach to diagnosis and management in the paediatric population. The traditional approach for managing fish allergy is avoidance and rescue medication for accidental exposures. Food avoidance poses many obstacles and is not easily maintained. In the specific case of fish, food is also not the only source of allergens; aerosolisation of fish proteins when cooking is a common source of highly allergenic parvalbumin, and elimination diets cannot prevent these contacts. Novel management approaches based on immunomodulation are a promising strategy for the future of these patients.

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27

Stankovic, Ivan. "Food allergens: Hypersensitivity to food and food constituents." Veterinarski glasnik 62, no. 5-6 (2008): 341–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl0806341s.

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Анотація:

Adverse reactions to food which occur only in susceptible individuals may result from true physical hypersensitivity to components of foods or from psychological factors. Non-allergic food hypersensitivity may be due to a metabolic defect in the affected individual, while in food allergy immune mechanism is involved. Food allergy can be further subdivided into IgE-mediated food allergy and non-IgE-mediated food allergy, depending on the underlying allergic mechanism. Most cases of confirmed food allergy involve the production of IgE antibodies and a network of interactions between various cell types and chemical mediators. This type of allergic reaction is known as an IgE-mediated allergy (or a type I hypersensitivity reaction), and it produces immediate symptoms. The most severe form of IgE-mediated allergy is systematic answer known as anaphylaxis that can be fatal in the absence of adequate medical help. Other less severe allergy manifestations are symptoms like swelling, itching, redness and heat in the mouth, gut, skin or respiratory tract. Hypersensitivity to food requires special dietary treatment, but total exclusion of some foods from the diet can be very difficult, because of the wide distribution of some foodstuffs in the diet or their presence as impurities in other foods. It is very important that producers have good systems of control, traceability and labeling of possible presence of food allergens in order to help people with food allergies to conduct their restrictive diets that are in most cases their lifelong treatment.

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28

Pajno, G. B., M. Fernandez-Rivas, S. Arasi, G. Roberts, C. A. Akdis, M. Alvaro-Lozano, K. Beyer, et al. "EAACI Guidelines on allergen immunotherapy: IgE-mediated food allergy." Allergy 73, no. 4 (December 5, 2017): 799–815. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/all.13319.

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29

Saidova, Aziza, Ahuva Magder Hershkop, Marta Ponce, and Thomas Eiwegger. "Allergen-Specific T Cells in IgE-Mediated Food Allergy." Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis 66, no. 3 (December 18, 2017): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00005-017-0501-7.

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30

Xu, Qingqing, Yuan Zhang, and Luo Zhang. "Effect of perennial dust mites allergy on symptom severity of autumn allergic rhinitis in adults." Allergy and Asthma Proceedings 41, no. 5 (September 1, 2020): 363–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2500/aap.2020.41.200046.

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Background: Multiple immunoglobulin E (IgE) mediated sensitizations and/or allergies often coexist in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR). Several simultaneous allergen exposures in multiple IgE-mediated sensitizations and/or allergies may increase the allergen load and be related to disease severity. No study has verified whether positive allergen serum IgE levels and allergen categories together are associated with AR severity in adults. Objective: To investigate the effects of perennial dust mites (DMs) allergy and multiple serum sIgE-mediated autumn pollen allergy coexistence on symptom severity in adult patients with AR in autumn. Methods: In total, 153 patients with AR and with autumn pollen allergy (Artemisia argyi, ragweed, and hop) with or without DMs allergy were recruited in the autumn pollen season. Symptom severity was assessed by using the Chinese version of the visual analog scale (VAS): four rhinitis symptoms (sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal pruritus, and nasal congestion) and two ocular symptoms (ocular itching and/or grittiness and/or redness, and ocular tearing) were scored at approximately the same period. We measured allergen serum sIgE levels for the inhaled allergens. The effects of DMs allergy and multiple autumn pollen allergy coexistence on symptom severity were analyzed. Results: Neither the sum of the autumn pollen allergens categories (total number of positive autumn pollen allergens, i.e., Artemisia argyi or ragweed or hop positive: 1; Artemisia argyi and ragweed positive: 2; Artemisia argyi, ragweed, and hop positive: 3) nor serum sIgE levels( total sIgE levels of positive autumn pollen allergens) exerted any influence on the severity of nasal and ocular symptoms (p > 0.05). When the concomitant DMs allergy status was considered, the sum of the positive autumn pollen allergen categories and accumulated positive autumn pollen and DMs serum sIgE levels (total levels of serum sIgE of positive autumn pollen allergens plus the levels of serum sIgE of DMs) had no influence on patients’ symptom severity (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The coexistence of perennial DMs allergy and multiple autumn pollen allergy did not affect the severity of symptoms among adult patients with AR and with autumn pollen allergy in autumn.

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31

Ali, Abdellah H. K. "Food and Aeroallergen Sensitization in IgE -Mediated Asthma in Egypt." Open Respiratory Medicine Journal 15, no. 1 (December 31, 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874306402115010052.

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Purpose: Identifying the distribution of allergens is valuable to the effective diagnosis and treatment of allergic disease. So, our aim is to explore the sensitization of food and aeroallergens in Egyptian patients with atopic asthma. Methods: Cross-sectional study recruited 268 Egyptian patients with atopic asthma. Asthmatic patients were assessed by the enzyme allegro sorbent test (EAST) method for specific IgE to a panel of 19 common regional inhaled allergens and 15 food allergens. Results and Discussion: One hundred percent of the patients were sensitive to at least one allergen. Allergy to food allergens only was 2.9%; inhaled allergens only were 26.2% and both were70.9%. Fungi (62%) were the most frequent sensitizing aeroallergen amongst our asthmatic patients, followed by the pollen allergens (42.5%) and house dust mites (HDMs) (26%). Cows’ milk (30.5%) was the most frequent sensitizing food amongst our asthmatic patients, followed by eggs (22.4%) and fish (21.6%). Mono-sensitized patients accounted for 6.7% of all cases, while polysensitized was 93.3%. Moderate and severe asthma showed a significantly higher frequency of polysensitization compared to mild asthma. Conclusion: Fungi and cow's milk are the chief sensitizing allergens in Egyptian patients with atopic asthma. This study represents the first report of sensitization in atopic adult asthma using a large extract panel in Upper Egypt.

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32

Popielarz, Maria, and Aneta Krogulska. "The importance of component-resolved diagnostics in IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 49, no. 3 (May 1, 2021): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/aei.v49i3.74.

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Cow’s milk allergy (CMA) is an increasingly common problem among children and adults that requires the use of appropriate diagnostics to eliminate allergic reactions and prevent unnec-essary dietary regimes. The current diagnostics methods are imperfect hence new, more effective methods are still being sought. Component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) is one of them. CRD assesses sensitivity to individual allergen molecules using purified native or recombinant allergens. The present paper reviews the role of CRD in diagnosing CMA, as well as the benefits and limitations of its use, especially in predicting allergy development or acquiring immunotolerance. It examines the possibility of replacing the current gold diagnostic standard with component tests directed against specific milk proteins. In addition, CRD could be helpful in the evaluation of prognosis. However, CRD allows for improvement in clinical management, particularly of polysensitized subjects, there is still no cogent evidence that it offers more efficient CMA diagnostics than existing tests.

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Baranyi, Ulrike, Rudolf Valenta, and Thomas Wekerle. "Molecular chimerism in IgE-mediated allergy." Chimerism 4, no. 1 (January 2013): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/chim.24071.

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34

Gray, C. L., E. Goddard, S. Karabus, M. Kriel, A. C. Lang, A. I. Manjra, S. M. Risenga, A. J. Terblanche, D. A. Van der Spuy, and M. E. Levin. "Epidemiology of IgE-mediated food allergy." South African Medical Journal 105, no. 1 (November 11, 2014): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.7196/samj.9103.

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35

Pacharn, P., and P. Vichyanond. "Immunotherapy for IgE-mediated wheat allergy." Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics 13, no. 10 (October 3, 2017): 2462–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2017.1356499.

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36

Berin, M. C. "Pathogenesis of IgE-mediated food allergy." Clinical & Experimental Allergy 45, no. 10 (September 15, 2015): 1483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cea.12598.

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37

COSTA-PINTO, F. A., A. S. BASSO, L. C. DE SA-ROCHA, L. R. G. BRITTO, M. RUSSO, and J. PALERMO-NETO. "Neural Correlates of IgE-Mediated Allergy." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1088, no. 1 (November 1, 2006): 116–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1366.028.

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38

Longo, Giorgio, Irene Berti, A. Wesley Burks, Baruch Krauss, and Egidio Barbi. "IgE-mediated food allergy in children." Lancet 382, no. 9905 (November 2013): 1656–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(13)60309-8.

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39

Pite, H., S. Prates, L. M. Borrego, V. Matos, V. Loureiro, and P. Leiria-Pinto. "Resolution of IgE-mediated fish allergy." Allergologia et Immunopathologia 40, no. 3 (May 2012): 195–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2011.03.004.

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40

Nowak-Węgrzyn, Anna, Yitzhak Katz, Sam Soheil Mehr, and Sibylle Koletzko. "Non–IgE-mediated gastrointestinal food allergy." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 135, no. 5 (May 2015): 1114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2015.03.025.

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41

Brooks, Dee W. "Intervention strategies in IgE-mediated allergy." Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs 3, no. 7 (July 1994): 755–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.3.7.755.

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42

Nowak-Węgrzyn, Anna, and George Konstantinou. "Non-IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: FPIES." Current Pediatrics Reports 2, no. 2 (March 19, 2014): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40124-014-0043-y.

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43

Robison, Rachel G., Melanie M. Makhija, and Jacqueline A. Pongracic. "IgE-Mediated Food Allergy: Current Management." Current Pediatrics Reports 2, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40124-014-0046-8.

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44

Ruffner, Melanie A., and Jonathan M. Spergel. "Non–IgE-mediated food allergy syndromes." Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology 117, no. 5 (November 2016): 452–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2016.04.014.

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45

Klueber, Julia, Denise Schrama, Pedro Rodrigues, Heinrich Dickel, and Annette Kuehn. "Fish Allergy Management: From Component-Resolved Diagnosis to Unmet Diagnostic Needs." Current Treatment Options in Allergy 6, no. 4 (October 28, 2019): 322–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40521-019-00235-w.

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Abstract Purpose of review Fish is a common elicitor of IgE-mediated food allergy. Fish includes a large variety of foods, in terms of species and food processing, with marked distinction in local diets around the globe. Fish-allergic patients present with phenotypic diversity and major differences in levels of clinical cross-reactivity, features that pose an important challenge for the clinical diagnosis and management. Recent findings Parvalbumin is the major fish allergen. However, a single molecule is not sufficient but several homologs, allergens different from parvalbumin and allergen extracts, are needed for IgE-based diagnosis. Summary Parvalbumin-specific IgE are markers for clinical cross-reactions. Added value is provided by IgE typing to parvalbumin homologs from distantly related fish. IgE co-sensitization profiles (parvalbumin, enolase, aldolase) are referred as severity markers. The allergen panel seems to be not yet complete why fish extracts still play a crucial role in serum IgE analysis. Further clinical validation of a multiplex approach in molecular fish allergy diagnosis is needed for striving to avoid unnecessary food restrictions and in a further sense, improved patient care.

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46

Хоха, Р. Н., Н. С. Парамонова, Т. П. Васько, И. Е. Рачковская, О. В. Вежель, and Э. Г. Сергеюк. "Profile of Sensitization in Children with IgE-Mediated Allergy." Педиатрия. Восточная Европа, no. 4 (January 24, 2021): 535–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34883/pi.2020.8.4.005.

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Введение. Проблема аллергических заболеваний у детей является актуальной в связи с ростом этой патологии, трудностями ранней диагностики и выбора соответствующей терапии. Распространенность аллергии определяется генетическими, климатогеографическими, экологическими и другими факторами. Для повышения эффективности профилактики и лечения аллергических заболеваний у детей актуальным является знание региональных особенностей спектра сенсибилизации к аллергенам.Цель. Изучить структуру сенсибилизации у детей с IgE-опосредованной аллергией. Материалы и методы. Проведено ретроспективное исследование уровня специфических IgE-антител к пыльцевым, пищевым, эпидермальным, бытовым и грибковым аллергенам у детей в возрасте от 6 мес. до 14 лет с клиническими симптомами аллергии (респираторные, кожные, гастроинтестинальные). Забор образцов крови проведен с января по ноябрь 2019 г. Количественное определение сывороточных аллерген-специфических антител IgE проводили методом иммуноблотинга (R-Biopharm, Германия) на базе биохимической лаборатории УЗ «ДОКБ» г. Гродно.Результаты. Согласно полученным результатам в структуре сенсибилизации у детей с IgE-опосредованной аллергией ведущая роль принадлежит пищевым аллергенам (p<0,05) – 49,42% (ДИ 43,36–55,49). В группе пищевых аллергенов животного происхождения преобладает (p<0,05) частота сенсибилизации к белку яйца куриного (38,13% (32,41–44,21)) и коровьего молока (30,74% (25,41–36,64)), в группе пищевых аллергенов растительного происхождения – к белкам пшеницы (13,62 (10,92–18,38)) и лесного ореха (17,86% (11,02–24,51)). В группе ингаляционных аллергенов сенсибилизация к клещам домашней пыли установлена у 34,38% (ДИ 28,28–41,26) детей, к пыльцевым аллергенам – у 33,99% (27,82–40,76) детей, к эпидермальным аллергенам – у 26,5% (20,98–33,09) детей, к грибковым аллергенам – у 19,3% (13,04–27,56) детей.Заключение. Региональные особенности спектра сенсибилизации у детей с IgE-опосредованной аллергией необходимо учитывать при составлении программ профилактики и лечения аллергических заболеваний среди детского населения. Introduction. The problem of allergic diseases in children is relevant in connection with the growth of this pathology, the difficulties of early diagnosis, and the choice of appropriate therapy. The prevalence of allergies is determined by genetic, climatic, geographical, environmental and other factors. To increase the effectiveness of the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases in children, it is relevant to know the regional characteristics of the spectrum of sensitization to allergens.Purpose. To study the structure of sensitization in children with IgE-mediated allergies.Materials and methods. A retrospective study of the level of specific IgE antibodies to pollen, food, epidermal, domestic and fungal allergens in children at the age from 6 months up to 14 years with clinical symptoms of allergy (respiratory, skin, gastrointestinal) was carried out. Blood samples were taken from January to November 2019. Quantitative determination of serum allergen-specific IgE antibodies was carried out with the method of immunoblotting (R-Biopharm, Germany) on the base of the biochemical laboratory of the Children’s Regional Clinical Hospital in Grodno.Results. According to the results, in the structure of sensitization in children with IgE-mediated allergy, the leading role belongs to food allergens (p<0.05) – 49.42% (CI: 43.36–55.49). In the group of food allergens of animal origin, the sensitization rate to protein of chicken eggs (38.13% (32.41– 44.21)) and cow’s milk (30.74% (25.41–36, 64)) prevails (p<0.05), in the group of food allergens of plant origin – to proteins of wheat (13.62 (10.92–18.38)) and hazelnuts (17.86% (11.02–24.51)). In the group of inhaled allergens, sensitization to house dust mites was found in 34.38% (CI: 28.28–41.26) of children, to pollen allergens – in 33.99% (27.82–40.76) of children, to epidermal allergens – in 26.5% (20.98–33.09) of children, to fungal allergens – in 19.3% (13.04–27.56) of children.Conclusion. The regional characteristics of the sensitization spectrum in children with IgE-mediated allergies should be taken into account when designing programs for prevention and treatment of allergic diseases among children.

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Nikolov, G. S., Y. D. Todorova, M. H. Nikolova, R. G. Emilova, D. M. Hristova, P. J. Kostova-Shahid, and B. N. Petrunov. "Subsets of T regulatory cells in patients with IgE-mediated allergy." Journal of microbiology epidemiology immunobiology, no. 6 (December 16, 2019): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-2019-6-65-71.

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Background. It is presently known that several subsets of T-regulatory (Treg) cells, both natural and inducible maintain tolerance to environmental allergens. But the relative importance of distinct phenotypically defined Treg subsets for the clinical manifestations of IgE-mediated allergy has not been elucidated yet.The aim of the study was to investigate the phenotype and number of different Treg subpopulations from patients with IgE-mediated allergy compared with healthy non-allergic individuals.Materials and methods. A group of 20 patients with clinically manifested IgE allergy and a group of 10 healthy no allergic controls were included in the study. Peripheral blood samples were taken after informed consent. Percentage and absolute count (AC) of the following regulatory subsets: naive (CD45RO-FoxP3lo), memory (RO+FoxP3+), effector (Treg eff, RO+FoxP3hi), induced (CD39+CD134+), Thl7/Treg (CD196+FoxP3+CD4Treg); Tr1 (IL-10+FoxP3-), were determined using standard 8-parameter flow cytometry (BD FACSCanto II).Results and discussion. The share and AC of FoxP3+CD4 Treg was significantly decreased in sensitized patients as compared to controls (mean 0,6% vs. 3,3%, p<0.05 and 8,7 vs. 55 cells/μl p<0.001). In addition, a significantly decreased level of Tr1 cells was observed in the patients with allergy, 0,4% vs. 2,1 % in healthy controls (p<0,05) as well for subset of Thl7/Treg (mean 7,7% vs. 28,4% in healthy persons, p<0.01).Conclusion. The significantly decreased number of FoxP3+CD4 Treg as well as periphery induced Tr1 and Thl7/Treg cells in patients with respiratory allergy lead to dysregulation and loss of peripheral immune tolerance, which is the pathophysiological basis for development of widely spread allergic diseases like allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma.

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Kausar, Mohd Adnan, Tulika Bhardwaj, Sadaf Anwar, Fahaad Alenazi, Abrar Ali, Khalid Farhan Alshammari, Shimaa Mohammed Hasnin AboElnaga, Rajeev Singh, and Mohammad Zeeshan Najm. "In Silico Comparative Exploration of Allergens of Periplaneta Americana, Blattella Germanica and Phoenix Dactylifera for the Diagnosis of Patients Suffering from IgE-Mediated Allergic Respiratory Diseases." Molecules 27, no. 24 (December 9, 2022): 8740. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27248740.

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The burden of allergic illnesses is continuously rising, and patient diagnosis is a significant problem because of how intricately hereditary and environmental variables interact. The past three to four decades have seen an outbreak of allergies in high-income countries. According to reports on the illness, asthma affects around 300 million individuals worldwide. Identifying clinically important allergens for the accurate classification of IgE-mediated allergy respiratory disease diagnosis would be beneficial for implementing standardized allergen-associated therapy. Therefore, the current study includes an in silico analysis to identify potential IgE-mediated allergens in date palms and cockroaches. Such an immunoinformatic approach aids the prioritization of allergens with probable involvement in IgE-mediated allergic respiratory diseases. Immunoglobulin E (IgE) was used for molecular dynamic simulations, antigen–antibody docking analyses, epitope identifications, and characterizations. The potential of these allergens (Per a7, Per a 1.0102, and Bla g 1.0101) in IgE-mediated allergic respiratory diseases was explored through the evaluation of physicochemical characteristics, interaction observations, docking, and molecular dynamics simulations for drug and vaccine development.

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49

Tsarev, S. V. "Fungal allergy in clinical practice." Russian Journal of Allergy 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2009): 11–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.36691/rja866.

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Epidemiologic data on atopic diseases with fungal sensitization is summarized in the review. Basic pathogenic aspects of fungal allergen associated disorders are presented. Fungi may adversely affect human health through three processes: allergy, infection and toxicity. Allergic reactions to fungi can be immediate or delayed. The most common form of hypersensitivity to molds is immediate (or IgE-mediated) type hypersensitivity.

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50

Alakhras, Nada Salem, Jaeho Shin, Scott S. Smith, Basar Bilgicer, and Mark H. Kaplan. "Blocking of mast cell-mediated passive anaphylaxis to peanut using covalent heterobivalent inhibitor in a humanized mouse model." Journal of Immunology 204, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2020): 66.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.66.9.

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Abstract Anaphylaxis to peanut allergen is a severe hypersensitive allergic reaction characterized by life-threatening symptoms. Anaphylaxis is mediated by IgE-dependent mast cell activation that leads to the release of inflammatory mediators. In a previous report, we described the design of a covalent heterobivalent inhibitor (cHBI) that selectively forms covalent bonds with allergen specific-IgE (sIgE) on mast cells and abates allergic reactions in ex-vivo peanut challenges. Here, we utilized a humanized mouse model to recapitulate key features of anaphylaxis to peanut in humans, and we examined the efficacy of cHBI in blocking the anaphylactic reaction in this model. NSGS (NOD-scid Il2rgnull IL-3/GM-CSF/SCF) mice engrafted with human hematopoietic stem cells were treated with an allergen-specific human IgE monoclonal antibody and then challenged with a peanut allergen. We found that the peanut-challenged humanized mice can develop rapid anaphylaxis and mast cell degranulation following challenge. The anaphylactic reaction was characterized by a substantial decline of core body temperatures and upregulation of human mast cell degranulation markers. Additionally, we found that the severity of the anaphylactic reaction is hIgE dose-dependent. Most importantly, cHBI protected the mice from developing an anaphylactic reaction demonstrating the ability of cHBI to block IgE-mediated allergic reactions in the humanized mice. Overall, our results show that the humanized mouse model is a novel model to study human mast cell IgE-mediated allergic reactions and demonstrate that cHBI is an effective potential therapeutic inhibitor for food allergy.

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