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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 14 березня 2023

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1

Li, Zhi, Bin Yi Qin, Cong Hu, and Zhen Lin Zhong. "Research on Synchronization Technology Based on IEEE1588 Protocol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 310 (February 2013): 634–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.310.634.

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Анотація:
With the rapid development of network technology, Distributed test system is widely applied in the test field, and clock synchronization in the system is the key issues in distributed test system. Meanwhile, with the development of testing techniques, distributed test has higher requirement for precision of the synchronization. Since the IEEE1588 protocol promulgated, it provides a feasible way to realize the requirement. This paper firstly analyzes the basic principle of IEEE1588, and then puts forward a scheme to implement IEEE1588 by using hardware timestamp. Finally, optimizes the method of PTP (precision time protocol) synchronization adjustment and builds experimental platform to verify the effect of optimization. Experiments prove that the scheme is feasible, and the clock synchronization precision can achieve a level of sub-microsecond.
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2

Park, Sung-Won, In-Sung Kim, and Dongik Lee. "Implementation of IEEE1588 for Clock Synchronization." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 39B, no. 2 (February 28, 2014): 123–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2014.39b.2.123.

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3

Ma, Qi Yan, and Li Jun Qin. "Application Schemes of IEEE1588 Protocol in Communication Network of Electric Power Dispatching." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3669–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3669.

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Анотація:
By reviewing the application status of traditional clock synchronization methods and architectures under different protocols in a comparative way in China, this paper analyzes the application of IEEE1588 protocol in power dispatching automation and puts forward new clock synchronizing schemes in electricity dispatching communication network based on IEEE1588 protocol (or Std. IEC61588) and proposes some futuristic research fields referring to IEEE1588 protocol in power dispatching automation. New schemes have better clock synchronizing precision, featuring in low implementation cost compared with other clock synchronization schemes. At the same time, it will effectively lower system resource requirements, relieve current excessive reliance on GPS clock source, mitigate data fetching and exchange congestion. It will shed light on building domestic power dispatching networks under the PTP protocol as well as constructing smarter power grid both at home and abroad in the future. This work is supported by North China Electric Power University, Sifang & Huaneng Power System Control Co., Ltd and Zhuhai Power Electricity Supply Company in SMART SYNCHRONOUS DEVICE RESEARCH BASED ON IEC61850 AND IEEE 1588 project, which involves a wholesale research in clock synchronization of power dispatching communication networks and developed China’s first set of smart clock synchronization devices, including the clock synchronization handler CSE6000 (briefly introduced in part v) and corresponding kilomega Ethernet switch. Our research results have reached the advanced level at home, and we are applying for a patent protection accordingly.
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4

Liu, Xiao, and Changjun Li. "Research Based on IEEE1588 Frequency Compensation Algorithm." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 677 (December 10, 2019): 032042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/677/3/032042.

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5

Liu, Bao Hu, Xue Zhang, and Wen Gang Chen. "Design of Can Bus Clock Synchronous System Based on STM32." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 738–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.738.

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Анотація:
IEEE1588 Precision Clock Protocol is applied to Can Bus distributed system platform constructed of STM 32 chips to accomplish the clock synchronous system between primary and subsidiary base stations, thus ensuring the clock synchronization with the precision of millisecond.
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6

Jeon, Jong-Mok, Dong-Gil Kim, Eun-Ro Kim, and Dong-Ik Lee. "Implementing IEEE1588 based Clock Synchronization for Networked Embedded System." IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2014): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14372/iemek.2014.9.1.33.

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7

Li, Ming, Zhi Qiang Wang, Guan Hui Liang, and Qing Gao. "Research of FPGA Based LXI Bus Clock Synchronization Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 313-314 (March 2013): 1371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.313-314.1371.

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Анотація:
As to the insufficient of difficulties to achieve sub-microsecond accuracy in full software implementation of LXI bus synchronization. Studies the LXI bus synchronization triggering and advances, the design program of FPGA-based hardware-assisted to achieve IEEE1588. Which lays a good foundation for the design and implementation of the Class A and Class B instruments.
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8

Liu, Zhuo Fu, Zhong Ming Luo, Xin Wang, Wei Jiang, and Ruo Chen Jia. "Design and Implementation of Supporting IEEE1588 Industrial Ethernet Switch." Advanced Materials Research 765-767 (September 2013): 2586–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.765-767.2586.

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Анотація:
Aiming at the reliability of real-time industrial Ethernet, the L2 Industrial Ethernet switch is designed using VSC7429. With the respect of real-time capacity, it is based on the IEEE1588 standard by adding logic modules between MAC £ ̈Medium Access Control£© layer and PHY £ ̈physical£© layer to process the clock stamp. It eliminates the delay and uncertainty of the protocol stack and provides the accurate synchronous clock. In terms of reliability, dual hot backup power supplies were applied. Owing to the harsh environment of the industrial field, the EMC (Electro Magnetic Compatibility) protection design was considered. The performance of the switch was tested including packet loss rate and bit error rate. Experimental results showed it met the requirement of industrial Ethernet standard.
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9

Qin, Li Jun, and Ning Hui Guo. "A New Smart Substation Structure with Single Net and Single Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 392 (September 2013): 572–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.392.572.

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Анотація:
a new generation of single equipment and single network structure of intelligent substation is proposed in this paper on the basis of the current three layers two network smart substation, the key technology of this kind of new intelligent substation needs are also proposed in this paper, such as port mirroring, VLANs and IEEE1588. Examples of key technologies are presented,using industrial Ethernet switch, providing reference for engineering applications of new smart substation .
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10

Feng, Shuwei, Meiyi Hou, Guofang Zhu, Qi Qi, Richang Xian, Tao Jiang, Ying Zhai, and Ming Sun. "IEEE1588 Time Synchronizing System Multiplexing Industrial Ethernet of Distribution Automation." Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 02, no. 04 (2014): 252–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jpee.2014.24036.

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11

Won, Su-Yeon, and Kyo-Beum Lee. "Inverter Control of Scheme for IEEE1547-2018 Category3 in Fuel Cell Systems." Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 71, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/kiee.2022.71.1.090.

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12

Zheng, Kewang, and Lei Zhang. "One Study on IEEE1588 clock synchronization algorithm based on Kalman filter." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1738 (January 2021): 012059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1738/1/012059.

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13

Xiong, Hong Zhang, Xi Chen, Ling Teng, Qiang Gao, and Yang Wang. "Research on Key Technology of Time Synchronization Network in Electric Power System." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.332.

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Анотація:
Development of intelligent grid have increasing demands for time synchronization, high precision, large scale, high performance time synchronization system has become necessary guarantee for the normal operation of the power grid. This article introduced the composition of the time synchronization system, discusses the IEEE1588 implementation of high precision clock synchronization principle and SDH data transmission principle, analysis of the PTP protocol for transmission through the principle of the SDH E1 line, gives the networking scheme of PTP over the E1 way, which meet the precision requirement of 1 us.
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14

Sreedevi, J., G. N. Chethan, and Paila Lakshmana Rao. "Voltage Stability Analysis of IEEE118 Bus System with Wind Penetration." Power Research - A Journal of CPRI 17, no. 1 (March 11, 2022): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33686/pwj.v17i1.167355.

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15

Sun, Shu Min, Wen Juan Jiang, Yu Meng, and Yan Cheng. "The Hardware Design of Measurement System of Transmission Lines Based on Wireless Communication." Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (March 2015): 366–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.366.

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Анотація:
A set of measurement system for the testing of transmission lines, composing of wireless center station, wireless current acquisition and transmission nodes, wireless voltage acquisition and transmission node, was designed, which was based on wireless communication. The high speed wireless bridge working at 2.4GHz together with the clock synchronization module based on the IEEE1588 communicating protocol were both employed for the communication and time synchronization separately. The measurement system has data storage, waveform display, data analysis, automatic report generation and other functions. The measurement system can greatly reduced arrangement of cables, thereafter improved the test efficiency.
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16

Klinpratum, Teerapan, Chaiyachet Saivichit, Asma Elmangoush, and Thomas Magedanz. "Performance of Interworking Proxy for Interconnecting IEEE1888 Standard at ETSI M2M Platforms." Applied Mechanics and Materials 781 (August 2015): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.781.141.

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Анотація:
In the near future, many electronic devices will be equipped with internet connectivity in which they can communicate with one another. They will be also capable of being monitored and automatic controlled from remote location. As a result, IoT (Internet of Thing) architecture shall thrive in the soon future. Interoperability among various access technologies and many kind of devices become one of crucial concern for the upcoming extensive network infrastructure.
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17

Huang, Yiwen, Taihua Li, Xuewu Dai, Haowen Wang, and Yang Yang. "TS2: a realistic IEEE1588 time-synchronization simulator for mobile wireless sensor networks." SIMULATION 91, no. 2 (January 29, 2015): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0037549714564791.

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18

López, J. M., M. Ruiz, J. Borrego, G. de Arcas, E. Barrera, and J. Vega. "A versatile trigger and synchronization module with IEEE1588 capabilities and EPICS support." Fusion Engineering and Design 85, no. 3-4 (July 2010): 340–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fusengdes.2010.04.021.

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19

Ji, Zhang, Shao Hanqlao, Peng Changyong, and Du Zhi. "A new Calibration Device of Electronic Transformer based on IEEE1588 Time Synchronization Mode." Journal of International Council on Electrical Engineering 4, no. 4 (October 2014): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/22348972.2014.11011896.

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20

Ferrari, P., A. Flammini, S. Rinaldi, and E. Sisinni. "On the Seamless Interconnection of IEEE1588-Based Devices Using a PROFINET IO Infrastructure." IEEE Transactions on Industrial Informatics 6, no. 3 (August 2010): 381–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tii.2010.2051954.

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21

Shan, Feilong, Jianguo Yu, Zhifang Wang, Kaile Li, and Junguo Dong. "Research and Design of Wireless Network Time Synchronization Module Based on IEEE1588 Protocol." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1584 (July 2020): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1584/1/012032.

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22

Du, Zhi, Gang Wang, Da Hai You, Wei Hua Chen, Ke Wang, and Yang Zou. "A Novel Transmission Line Vulnerability Evaluation Method Based on Complex Network Theory." Applied Mechanics and Materials 494-495 (February 2014): 1866–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.494-495.1866.

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Анотація:
As further development on the applications of CN (complex network) theory, evaluation of transmission line vulnerability requires the consideration of physical attributes of power system, instead of simply considering its topology features, which helps to deduce more precise predictions for the stability of power system. This paper introduces a novel and efficient evaluation method based on CN theory to evaluate influence of line faults to the static stability of power system, comprehensively considering the factors of system load level, power capacity utilization rate of transmission lines and worldlet features. The method is illustrated in the IEEE118 bus system.
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23

Han, Ying, Long Hua Mu, and Wei Zhuang. "Design and Application of New Merging Unit Based on Dual CPU." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 1724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.1724.

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Анотація:
For the increasing development of smart grid and the basic requirements of smart substations for digital information, networked communication platform and standardized information sharing, it’s very necessary to do research on the merging unit, which is the important equipment in process layer of substations. In order to adapt to the development of smart substations, according to IEC61850-9-2 standards, a new merging unit based on dsPIC30F6014 and STM32F107 is designed in this paper and each function module is designed and analyzed. DsPIC is responsible for data receiving and processing and the controlling of logical state. STM32F107 is responsible for the synchronization of merging unit and Ethernet communication. Time-synchronization based on IEEE1588 precision time protocol is especially introduced in this paper.
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24

Chen, Jiongcong, Haizhu Wang, Chunchao Hu, Kai Ma, and Zexiang Cai. "Modeling of IEEE1588 on OPNET and Analysis of Asymmetric Synchronizing Error in Smart Substation." Energy and Power Engineering 05, no. 04 (2013): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/epe.2013.54b103.

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25

Saatwong, Phanumat, and Surapong Suwankawin. "An Interoperable Building Energy Management System With IEEE1888 Open Protocol for Peak-Load Shaving." IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications 1 (2020): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojia.2020.2967185.

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26

Sheu, Jia Shing, Ho Nien Shou, Wei Jun Lin, and Wen Chin Chung. "Implementation of Internet Audio Transmission System via Clock Correction." Applied Mechanics and Materials 284-287 (January 2013): 3438–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.284-287.3438.

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Анотація:
Purpose of this research wants to use a device, called Dante board, the board enabled AD converter. It digitalizes audio and transmits the audio using TCP/IP technology through cat5 cable to replace the expensive analog cable used in the past. Still, there are some problems needed to be overcome. First of all, during the analog-to-digital process, distorted audio issues are often encountered due to inconsistency of the encoder during digital sampling. In order to compensate the distortion during the conversion, frequency needs to be filtered out to compensate or attenuate. Secondly, due to delay in Internet transmission, the audio outputs by each device may not be synchronized. Therefore, each device needs to have its own clock to overcome the delay and reach the synchronized effect through clock synchronization. Also, the IEEE1588 precision time protocol (PTP) is used in clock synchronization to synchronize the audio in each device.
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27

Sangumpai, Chayanon, and Chaodit Aswakul. "Development of Real-Time Interworking between IEEE1888 and ECHONET Lite Standards for Building Energy Management System." Engineering Journal 21, no. 6 (October 31, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4186/ej.2017.21.6.1.

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28

Hulme, Ashley. "Resolving test ambiguity with IEEE1641: Part 34 in a series of tutorials on instrumentation and measurement." IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Magazine 14, no. 5 (October 2011): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mim.2011.6041378.

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29

Zhu, Bo Tao, Xiao Xiao Liu, Jun Steed Huang Huang, and Zu Jue Chen. "Implicit Encryption of Timing Packet with Statistical Side Channel Coding." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1221.

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Анотація:
This paper proposes a statistical coding methodology using covert side channel information to solve timing packet security issue, the main purpose here is to enhance the security of the timing protocol with backward compatible capability. In wireless communications, either ad-hoc military/ industrial network, or LTE/ LTE-A networks, GPS is used to provide time and location; however, the hackers often trying to spoof the signal. The alternative way of providing such signal is using protocols like IEEE1588 Precision Time Protocol (PTP); unfortunately, current timing packet is not encrypted, it can be altered by the hackers. To maintain the simplicity of such protocols, most vendors are reluctant to add encryption on top of it; nevertheless, the end customer wishes to see it. To solve this dilemma, we propose a backward compatible solution here. The basic idea is demonstrated using Matlab FFT calculation tool. The future extension using Fractional FFT is also suggested at.
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30

Fan, Chen, Yi Min Ni, Ren Hui Dou, Xin Xu, Zhi Qiang Yao, and Guo Qing Zhao. "The Improvement about the Reliability of Sampling Based on Process Bus in Smart Substation." Advanced Materials Research 1070-1072 (December 2014): 1398–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1070-1072.1398.

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Анотація:
The sampling based on process bus is not widely used in smart substation because there are still some technical problems on synchronization, the design of network architecture and sampling data receiving and processing areas. There are some researches about the problems are carried out, but they only focus on part of them and cannot give the whole solution. In order to improve the reliability of network sampling, a new system method which includes all the segments of the sampling based on process such as the synchronization of data acquisition, data transmission, network optimization and data processing are presented. In the data acquisition segment, the synchronization based on IEEE1588 is provided, In the data transmission segment, a new hardware architecture which is based on FPGA+DSP+VxWorks is described, in the segment of network optimization, the topology structure and virtual LAN are suggested. At last, the automatic resampling is proposed in the data receiving and processing segment. It will be useful to improve the reliability of sampling based on process bus in smart substation.
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31

Palepu, Suresh Babu, and Manubolu Damodar Reddy. "Binary spider monkey algorithm approach for optimal siting of the phasor measurement for power system state estimation." IAES International Journal of Artificial Intelligence (IJ-AI) 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2022): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijai.v11.i3.pp1033-1040.

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Анотація:
The phasor measurement unit (PMU) is an essential measuring device in current power systems. The advantage seems to be that the measuring system could simultaneously give voltages and currents phasor readings from widely dispersed locations in the electric power grid for state estimation and fault detection. Simulations and field experiences recommend that PMUs can reform the manner power systems are monitored and controlled. However, it is felt that expenses will limit the number of PMUs that will be put into any power system. Here, PMU placement is done using a binary spider monkey optimization (BSMO) technique that uses BSMO by simulating spider monkeys’ foraging behavior. Spider monkeys have been classified as animals with a fission-fusion social structure. Animals that follow fission-fusion social systems divide into big and tiny groups, and vice versa, in response to food shortage or availability. The method under development produced the optimum placement of PMUs while keeping the network fully observable under various contingencies. In the study published in IEEE14, IEEE24, IEEE30, IEEE39, IEEE57, and IEEE118, the proposed technique was found to reduce the number of PMUs needed.
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32

Bin Mohamad Saifuddin, Muhammad Ramadan, Thaiyal Naayagi Ramasamy, and Wesley Poh Qi Tong. "Design and Control of a DC Collection System for Modular-Based Direct Electromechanical Drive Turbines in High Voltage Direct Current Transmission." Electronics 9, no. 3 (March 16, 2020): 493. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9030493.

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Анотація:
In response to an increasing demand for offshore turbine-based technology installations, this paper proposes to design a DC collection system for multi-connected direct drive turbines. Using tidal stream farm as the testbed model, inverter design and turbine control features were modelled in compliance with high voltage ride-through capabilities that operate in isochronous mode suggested by IEEE1547-2018. The aim of the paper is twofold. Firstly, operation analyses in engaging a single-stage impedance source inverter as an AC-link busbar aggregator to pilot a parallel-connected electromechanical drive system. It uses a closed-loop voltage controller to secure voltage-active power (Volt/Watt) dynamics in correspondence with turbine’s arbitrary output voltage level. It also aspires to truncate active rectification stages at generation-side as opposed to a traditional back-to-back converter. Secondly, a proposition for a torque-controlled blade pitching system is modelled to render a close to maximum power point tracking using blade elevation and mechanical speed manipulations. The reserve active power generation aids with compensating an over-voltage crisis as a substitute for typical reactive power absorption. The proposed Testbed system was modelled in PSCAD, adopting industrial related specifications and real-time ocean current profiles for HVDC transmission operations. Analytical results have shown a positive performance index and transient responses at respective tidal steam turbine clusters that observe fault ride-through criterion despite assertive operating conditions.
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33

Hakeem, Shimaa A. Abdel, Mohamed A. Abd El-Gawad, and HyungWon Kim. "Comparative Experiments of V2X Security Protocol Based on Hash Chain Cryptography." Sensors 20, no. 19 (October 8, 2020): 5719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20195719.

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Анотація:
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is the communication technology designed to support road safety for drivers and autonomous driving. The light-weight security solution is crucial to meet the real-time needs of on-board V2X applications. However, most of the recently proposed V2X security protocols—based on the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA)—are not efficient enough to support fast processing and reduce the communication overhead between vehicles. ECDSA provides a high-security level at the cost of excessive communication and computation overhead, which motivates us to propose a light-weight message authentication and privacy preservation protocol for V2X communications. The proposed protocol achieves highly secure message authentication at a substantially lower cost by introducing a hash chain of secret keys for a Message Authentication Code (MAC). We implemented the proposed protocol using commercial V2X devices to prove its performance advantages over the standard and non-standard protocols. We constructed real V2X networks using commercial V2X devices that run our implemented protocol. Our extensive experiments with real networks demonstrate that the proposed protocol reduces the communication overhead by 6 times and computation overhead by more than 100 times compared with the IEEE1609.2 standard. Moreover, the proposed protocol reduces the communication overhead by 4 times and the computation overhead by up to 100 times compared with a non-standard security protocol, TESLA. The proposed protocol substantially reduces the average end-to-end delay to 2.5 ms, which is a 24- and 28-fold reduction, respectively, compared with the IEEE1609 and TESLA protocols.
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34

Al Hassan, Hashim, Andrew Reiman, Gregory Reed, Zhi-Hong Mao, and Brandon Grainger. "Model-Based Fault Detection of Inverter-Based Microgrids and a Mathematical Framework to Analyze and Avoid Nuisance Tripping and Blinding Scenarios." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 17, 2018): 2152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082152.

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Анотація:
Traditional protection methods such as over-current or under-voltage methods are unreliable in inverter-based microgrid applications. This is primarily due to low fault current levels because of power electronic interfaces to the distributed energy resources (DER), and IEEE1547 low-voltage-ride-through (LVRT) requirements for renewables in microgrids. However, when faults occur in a microgrid feeder, system changes occur which manipulate the internal circuit structure altering the system dynamic relationships. This observation establishes the basis for a proposed, novel, model-based, communication-free fault detection technique for inverter-based microgrids. The method can detect faults regardless of the fault current level and the microgrid mode of operation. The approach utilizes fewer measurements to avoid the use of a communication system. Protecting the microgrid without communication channels could lead to blinding (circuit breakers not tripping for faults) or nuisance tripping (tripping incorrectly). However, these events can be avoided with proper system design, specifically with appropriately sized system impedance. Thus, a major contribution of this article is the development of a mathematical framework to analyze and avoid blinding and nuisance tripping scenarios by quantifying the bounds of the proposed fault detection technique. As part of this analysis, the impedance based constraints for microgrid system feeders are included. The performance of the proposed technique is demonstrated in the MATLAB/SIMULINK (MathWorks, Natick, MA, USA) simulation environment on a representative microgrid architecture showing that the proposed technique can detect faults for a wide range of load impedances and fault impedances.
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35

Nadimi-Shahraki, Mohammad H., Ali Fatahi, Hoda Zamani, Seyedali Mirjalili, and Diego Oliva. "Hybridizing of Whale and Moth-Flame Optimization Algorithms to Solve Diverse Scales of Optimal Power Flow Problem." Electronics 11, no. 5 (March 7, 2022): 831. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11050831.

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Анотація:
The optimal power flow (OPF) is a practical problem in a power system with complex characteristics such as a large number of control parameters and also multi-modal and non-convex objective functions with inequality and nonlinear constraints. Thus, tackling the OPF problem is becoming a major priority for power engineers and researchers. Many metaheuristic algorithms with different search strategies have been developed to solve the OPF problem. Although, the majority of them suffer from stagnation, premature convergence, and local optima trapping during the optimization process, which results in producing low solution qualities, especially for real-world problems. This study is devoted to proposing an effective hybridizing of whale optimization algorithm (WOA) and a modified moth-flame optimization algorithm (MFO) named WMFO to solve the OPF problem. In the proposed WMFO, the WOA and the modified MFO cooperate to effectively discover the promising areas and provide high-quality solutions. A randomized boundary handling is used to return the solutions that have violated the permissible boundaries of search space. Moreover, a greedy selection operator is defined to assess the acceptance criteria of new solutions. Ultimately, the performance of the WMFO is scrutinized on single and multi-objective cases of different OPF problems including standard IEEE 14-bus, IEEE 30-bus, IEEE 39-bus, IEEE 57-bus, and IEEE118-bus test systems. The obtained results corroborate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the contender algorithms for solving the OPF problem.
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36

Zeng, Fancheng, Guanqiu Qi, Zhiqin Zhu, Jian Sun, Gang Hu, and Matthew Haner. "Convex Neural Networks Based Reinforcement Learning for Load Frequency Control under Denial of Service Attacks." Algorithms 15, no. 2 (January 23, 2022): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/a15020034.

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With the increase in the complexity and informatization of power grids, new challenges, such as access to a large number of distributed energy sources and cyber attacks on power grid control systems, are brought to load-frequency control. As load-frequency control methods, both aggregated distributed energy sources (ADES) and artificial intelligence techniques provide flexible solution strategies to mitigate the frequency deviation of power grids. This paper proposes a load-frequency control strategy of ADES-based reinforcement learning under the consideration of reducing the impact of denial of service (DoS) attacks. Reinforcement learning is used to evaluate the pros and cons of the proposed frequency control strategy. The entire evaluation process is realized by the approximation of convex neural networks. Convex neural networks are used to convert the nonlinear optimization problems of reinforcement learning for long-term performance into the corresponding convex optimization problems. Thus, the local optimum is avoided, the optimization process of the strategy utility function is accelerated, and the response ability of controllers is improved. The stability of power grids and the convergence of convex neural networks under the proposed frequency control strategy are studied by constructing Lyapunov functions to obtain the sufficient conditions for the steady states of ADES and the weight convergence of actor–critic networks. The article uses the IEEE14, IEEE57, and IEEE118 bus testing systems to verify the proposed strategy. Our experimental results confirm that the proposed frequency control strategy can effectively reduce the frequency deviation of power grids under DoS attacks.
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37

Ochiai, Hideya. IEICE Communications Society Magazine 6, no. 4 (2013): 302–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/bplus.6.302.

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38

ZHANG, Qiang, and Jian DING. "Design of IEEE1588 Power Precise Time Synchronization System." DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, aicae (October 22, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.12783/dtcse/aicae2019/31468.

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39

"IEEE1588 Protocol in Information Transmission of Distributed Generation System." Distributed Processing System 3, no. 4 (October 15, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.38007/dps.2022.030401.

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40

Abdalla, Aisha H., Rashid A. Saeed, Mohammad K. Hasan, Shayla Islam, and Othman O. Khalifa. "Cluster-based Multihop Synchronization Scheme for Femtocell Network." IIUM Engineering Journal 13, no. 2 (October 12, 2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v13i2.310.

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ABSTRACT: Femtocell technology has been drawing considerable attention as a cost-effective means of improving cellular coverage and capacity. It is connected to the core network through an IP backhaul and can only use timing protocols such as IEEE1588 or Network Time Protocol (NTP). Furthermore, the femtocell is installed indoor, and cannot use a GPS antenna for time synchronization. High-precision crystal oscillators can solve the timing problem, but they are often too expensive for consumer grade devices. Therefore, femtocell Base Station (fBS) synchronization is one of the principle technical trends in femtocell deployment. Since fBSand macrocell Base Station (mBS) network operates on the same frequency under a licensed spectrum, fBS network can interfere with the macrocell network. In addition, fBSs can also interfere with each other if multiple units are in close proximity. Furthermore, in a flat fBS structured network using IEEE 1588 synchronization algorithm and fBS-fBS synchronization scheme creates offset and frequency error which results inaccurate synchronization. In order to reduce offset and frequency error (skew), this paper proposed a cluster-based multihop synchronization scheme to achieve precise in fBS neighbor nodes. The proposed scheme is able to reduce the offset and skew significantly.ABSTRAK: Teknologi Femtocell telah menjadi tumpuan sebagai alat yang kos-efektif dalam memperbaiki liputan mudahalih dan kapasiti. Ia menghubungkan jaringan teras melalui IP backhaul dan hanya boleh menggunakan protokol masa seperti IEEE1588 atau Protokol Jaringan Masa (NTP). Seterusnya, femtocell dipasang di dalam, dan tidak boleh menggunakan antena GPS untuk sinkronisasi masa. Osilator Kristal yang tinggi kejituannya boleh menyelesaikan masalah masa, tetapi ianya mahal bagi gred peranti consumer. Oleh itu, sinkronisasi Stesen Asas femtocell (fBS) adalah salah satu tren teknikal prinsip dalam deployment femtocell. Memandangkan fBS dan jaringan Stesen Asas makrosel (mBS) beroperasi pada frekuensi yang sama di bawah spektrum lesen jaringan fBS boleh mengganggu jaringan makrosel. Tambahan pula, fBS juga boleh mengganggu antara satu sama lain jika unit pelbagai adalah close proximity. Tambahan lagi, bagi struktur jaringan rata fBS menggunakan algorisma sinkronisasi IEEE 1588 dan skema sinkronisasi fBS-fBS mencipta offset dan ralat frekuensi yang menyebabkan ketidaktepatansinkronisasi. Bagi mengurangkan offset dan ralat frekuensi (skew), kajian ini mencadangkan multihop berasaskan kluster skema sinkronisasi bagi mencapai kejituan dalam mod kejiranan fBS. Skema yang dicadangkan boleh mengurangkan offset dan skew dengan berkesan.KEYWORDS: femtocell base satationt (FBS); synchronization; frequency division multiple access (OFDMA); inter-cluster, intra-cluster
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41

Lv, Baoqiang, Yiwen Huang, Taihua Li, Xuewu Dai, Muxi He, Wuxiong Zhang, and Yang Yang. "Simulation and Performance Analysis of the IEEE1588 PTP with Kalman Filtering in Multi-hop Wireless Sensor Networks." Journal of Networks 9, no. 12 (December 26, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4304/jnw.9.12.3445-3453.

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42

Ramesh, S., K. Vijaya Bhaskar, K. Karunanithi, M. Ettappan, P. Chandrasekar, and S. P. Raja. "An Improved Multi Objective Mayfly Algorithm for Solving Optimal Power Flow Problem Considering Different Loading Conditions." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers, March 24, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126622501778.

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This paper presents an improved multi-objective mayfly algorithm (IMOMA) to resolve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem in a regulated power system network with different loading conditions. The OPF problem, considered a multi-objective optimization problem, comprises multiple objective functions related to economic, technical, operational and security aspects. The IMOMA algorithm has been developed by implementing the simulated binary crossover (SBX), polynomial mutation and dynamic crowding distance (DCD) operators in the original multi-objective mayfly algorithm (MOMA).The OPF problem is analyzed by considering multiple objective functions in the IEEE30-bus test system, the IEEE118-bus test system and the 62-bus Indian utility system. The hypervolume performance metric is used to compare the performance of the MOMA and IMOMA with respect to different operating scenarios. Further, loading conditions ranging between 150% and 50% of the base load are considered for the evaluation. The effectiveness of the IMOMA over the MOMA is observed from the results of the different loads. The best compromise solution is obtained from a set of pareto optimal solutions by implementing the TOPSIS method.
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