Дисертації з теми "Identification par RMN 13C"
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Palu, Doreen. "Etude de la composition chimique d’extraits d’Ilex aquifolium Linné et de Calicotome villosa (Poiret) Link de Corse par RMN du carbone-13." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Corte, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022CORT0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this work was to determine chemical composition of wild growing corsican understudied plant species, with potential biological activities. This study was realized using the computerized NMR method developed over the past thirty years by the University of Corsica “Chimie et Biomasse” group, UMR CNRS “Sciences Pour l’environnement”. Identified secondary metabolites were then undertaken to evaluate their antimicrobial properties. As part of this study, we selected on the first place commun holly (Ilex aquifolium L.). After two successive column chromatography, hexane and dichloromethane leaves crude extracts and all chromatography fractions were analyzed by 13C NMR (GC(RI) and GC-MS sometimes) to allow the identification of eleven triterpens and α- and β-amyrin esters. Among identified compounds, ursolic acid and oleanolic acid were also quantified by 1H NMR in the dichloromethane crude extract using a reliable method developped and validated (accuracy, linearity precision of measurements). Ursolic acid accounted for 55.3% of the extract, followed by oleanolic acid, 20.8%. Evaluation of previous identified compounds antimicrobial activities has been performed in collaboration with « Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire du Végétal » group (University of Corsica). Triterpen acids and chloramphenicol (reference antibiotic) displayed similar antibacterial activities against three Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bacillus cereus (MIC = 4 and 8 mg.L-1 vs. 2 and 4 mg.L-1). Moreover, dichloromethane and dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (50/50, v/v) berries extracts were submitted to successive column chromatography. Crude extracts and chromatography fractions 13C NMR spectra revealed presence of nine triterpens previously identidied, five phenolics derivatives, six monosaccharides and four lactones (menisdaurilide, aquilegiolide, dasycarponilide and 7-epi-griffonilide) were first time identified in berries holly extracts. On the second place, we determined chemical compositions of Calicotome villosa (Poir.) Link flowers and root extracts. 13C NMR analysis of dichloromethane and ethyl acetate flowers extracts and their chromatography fractions, allowed the identification of three flavonoids, five glycosyl flavonoids and four phenylpropanoids. We also studied chemical composition of a methanol root extract which has never been submitted to any chemical composition study. After successive column chromatography, eighteen compounds were identified by 13C NMR including sterols, flavonoids, a polyphenol and pterocarpans
Zink, Olivier. "Identification de l'HPP oxydase d'Arthrobacter globiformis et de la 4-HPA 1-hydroxylase de Pseudomonas acidovorans : étude du métabolisme de la tyrosine par des cellules végétales en utilisant la 13C-RMN." Grenoble 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000GRE10192.
Повний текст джерелаGasmi, Geneviève. "Developpement de nouvelles sequences d'impulsions en rmn : etude du nosiheptide (antibiotique cyclopeptidique) par rmn 1h, 13c, 15n." Reims, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REIMP204.
Повний текст джерелаCaytan, Elsa. "Détermination de la distribution intramoléculaire du 13C en abondance naturelle par RMN quantitative." Nantes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NANT2034.
Повний текст джерелаExperimental conditions for the determination of the intramolecular distribution of 13C by NMR have been studied. In the first instance, 13C bi-labelled molecules were used to evaluate the performance of analytical methods (accuracy, precision). Two strategies were then set up for reducing the duration of the analysis. The use of relaxation agents enables a reduction of the repetition delay, and polarisation transfer sequences, such as INEPT, enhance sensibility. The effects of RF pulses imperfections on the INEPT sequence have been modelled, and the INEPT sequence optimised by use of adiabatic pulses and modifications to phase cycling. The methods developed make possible the precise quantitative analysis by 13C NMR of 13C/12C isotopic ratios, which can be applied in studies of isotopic fractionation and in the authentication of natural products
Bailac, Laura. "Composés organiques fluorés : Étude par RMN multinoyaux {1H, 13C, 19F} et calculs DFT." Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES008.
Повний текст джерелаFor more than 40 years, fluorinated compounds have become increasingly important in the field of pharmaceutical, food chemistry and polymers. The knowledge of the 3D structure of those compounds can be of great importance especially in the case of molecule interaction studies. NMR is the most powerful method for the structural characterization of synthetic and natural compounds. Moreover, fluorine 19 owns remarkable magnetic properties which make it an interesting probe for the structural characterization of fluorinated organic compounds by NMR. During this project, a thorough structural study of fluorinated compounds by NMR and DFT has been realized. Recent NMR experiments, using selective pulses and encoding gradient such as the 1D Pure Shift and 2D G-SERF experiments, helped extract very accurate spectroscopic data such as chemical shifts and homo- and heteronuclear scalar coupling constants. Those spectroscopic data have been then completed by structural data such as internuclear distances and dihedral angles obtained by DFT geometry optimization of those compounds. In the second part of this work, the data obtained by NMR were used to develop a DFT computational model using a benchmark to predict, from the 3D structure, the heteronuclear coupling constants nJHF. This model also allows to determine the different contributions composing the scalar coupling. The access to each contribution's weight for a given coupling allows a better understanding of the mechanism of coupling's transmission, in particular in the case of long distance scalar couplings
Gilbert, Alexis. "Méthodologies pour l'étude du fractionnement isotopique photosynthétique et post-photosynthétique par RMN 13C isotopique." Nantes, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NANT2049.
Повний текст джерелаA methodology has been developed that makes possible the determination of the site specific carbon-13 isotopic composition of glucose, fructose and sucrose using isotopic 13C NMR. The derivatization of sugars as their acetonides is a prerequisite to accessing the desired information. Once the protocol for the derivatization was perfected, the methodology can attain a precision of 1‰ or better. Analyses of ethanols derived from sugars by fermentation show a good correlation with results obtained by the methodology developped. The ethanol molecule has also been used as a probe to show the influence of climatic parameters (temperature, sunshine, rainfall) on the intra-molecular 13C isotope distribution in sugars from grapes. Moreover, results for sugars or starch from plants having C3 or C4 metabolism show there to be an intramolecular 13C distribution characteristic of the type of carbon assimilatory pathway exploited. The hypothesis proposed here indicates that the CO2 assimilation mode is not the only factor affecting the intra-molecular 13C distribution in sugars. It appears that isomerisation steps (involving trioses phosphates or hexoses phosphates) are crucial in terms of isotopic fractionation in the sugars produced during photosynthesis. We have therefore measured the isotope effects associated with the transformation of glucose to fructose, catalysed by glucose isomerase. A clear equilibrium isotope effect is observed, which is shown to be responsible for the C-1 enrichment and the C-2 depletion of glucose, and a significant kinetic isotope effect on the C-2 of glucose is also seen during the conversion of fructose to glucose
Schahl, Adrien. "Interactions polysaccharides-lipides : étude théorique et expérimentale combinant calculs de dynamique moléculaire, calculs quantiques de spectres RMN 13C et RMN 13C à l'état solide." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOU30178.
Повний текст джерелаPolysaccharide-lipid interactions now form a vast domain of study, of particular interest to the pharmaceutical and food industries. We already know that amylose, an essentially linear polysaccharide composed of [alpha 1→4]-linked glucose moieties, can form helices around small hydrophobic molecules and lipidic chains. These helical structures are called V polymorphs and their study may allow the development of new ways to deliver bioactive compounds, or of new vaccine adjuvants. This type of interaction might also be found in other biological systems, such as in the capsule of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indeed, this external layer covering the bacillus is composed mostly of a large branched polysaccharide analogous to amylose, called alpha-glucan, but it also contains numerous lipids, such as phtiocerol dimycocerosates or trehalose dimycolates, known to be virulence factors of the mycobacterium. Demonstration of the existence of such interactions and their study may lead to a better understanding of the capsule and its biological functions. This manuscript describes a study combining theoretical and experimental methods to characterize the interactions amongst amylose complexes formed in the presence of classical and mycobacterial lipids and in systems composed of branched polysaccharides. The first part of this work describes two purely theoretical studies on amylose complexed with palmitic acid and on amylose double helices called B polymorphs. Using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and calculations of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) parameters at the Density Functional Theory (DFT) level, we were able to define the minimum number of glucose residues needed to former a stable V polymorph around a palmitic acid molecule. We could also show that the number of residues has a direct impact on the calculation of NMR parameters and that it is crucial to consider the dynamic behavior of these polymers to obtain results that fit well to experimental data. Regarding the B polymorph, we showed that it is essential/necessary to consider the periodic conditions of the system to be able to characterize two different residue positions, as has been observed experimentally. To the best of our knowledge, no V polymorph has been characterized in the presence of lipids composed of several lipidic chains. The second part of this manuscript describes several such complexes, formed in the presence of classical and mycobacterial lipids composed of 1, 2 or 4 lipidic chains, and their analysis by solid-state NMR. We elaborated a model describing the different equilibria implicated in the complexation process and could demonstrate that the primary structure of the lipids was one of the key factors. [...]
Bruguière, Antoine. "Mise au point d’une méthode d’analyse déréplicative par RMN du carbone 13." Thesis, Angers, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ANGE0085.
Повний текст джерелаExtraction and isolation of natural products can be a tedious and time-consuming work and can unfortunately lead to molecules presenting little to no interest. That is why dereplication methods have been developed : they allow the identification of molecules within a mixture, without having to separate them, by comparing their signals to those of references, gathered in databases. In this work, we try to focus on polycyclic polyprenylated acylphloroglucinols (PPAPs), molecules that could be used a therapeutic tool to understand mechanisms involved in immune and inflammatory responses. We first were able to conclude that building databases using predicted values, instead of experimental ones, gave quality results for a dereplication work. Predicted databases were thus used for the rest of the experiments. After taking a look at the different kind of published dereplication methods, we decided to develop our own program based on 13C-NMR, in order to make it more discriminating than the current methods. To do so, in addition to 13C data, DEPT (135 and 90) information were added, allowing to narrow the search by carbon type. A graphic user interface was also implemented, making the program easier to use, but also providing the user with the possibility to interact with the results. This new method was first successfully tested on a diverse range of natural products mixtures, allowing the validation of the method. In the end, the method was used on Garcinia bancana extracts, and made possible the quick identification of the PPAPs we were interested in. Molecules were purified for further biological testing
Lecachey, Baptiste. "Etudes structurales d’agrégats mixtes organolithiés par RMN multinoyaux 1H, 6Li, 13C. : Applications en additions nucléophiles énantiosélectives." Rouen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ROUES012.
Повний текст джерелаThree NMR studies of characterization of mixed aggregates in solution were conducted during this work. Complex MeLi / LiCl: The so-called “low halide” solutions of methyllithium, contain 2 to 5% molar of lithium chloride. This salt exerts a strong influence on many enantioselective processes; it was thus essential to determine how it interacts with MeLi in THF at low temperature. The single formation of trimer [(MeLi)(LiCl)2], in equilibrium with MeLi and LiCl tetramers in THF, is evidenced. This aggregation contrasts with the cubic tetramers known for MeLi / LiBr and MeLi / LiI. Complex LiCl / o-TolCH(Me)OLi: In the enantioselective condensation of MeLi on the o-tolualdehyde in the presence of a chiral lithium amide derived from a 3-aminopyrrolidine (3AP-Li), the lithium alkoxide (Al-Li) formed impounds the ligand, and thus limits the induction. The addition of lithium chloride together with the aldehyde on the complex 3AP-Li / MeLi allowed to trap the alkoxide forming a cubic aggregate incorporating one LiCl and three Al-Li. This procedure give access to a version of the 1,2 addition in which substoichiometric amount of chiral ligand (33% mol) can be used. Complexes 3AP-Li / lithium enolate: The 1,4 enantioselective nucleophilic addition of lithium enolates (En-Li) on tert-butyl crotonate in the presence of 3AP-Li led to e. E. ’s up to 76%. The complexes formed between 3AP-Li and En-Li are described here. With a 1 to 1 stoichiometry in THF, they are comparable to those formed between 3AP-Li and alkyllithium
El, Hage Maha. "Caractérisation du métabolisme cérébral chez le rat : étude par spectroscopie RMN du carbone 13." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10101.
Повний текст джерелаThis study was conducted to obtain a better knowledge of brain metabolism which is altered in many neurological diseases or by drugs with toxic effects on the central nervous system. For this purpose, we used our cellular metabolomic approach that combines enzymatic and carbon 13 NMR measurements with mathematical modeling of metabolic pathways. In the first part of this work, we characterized the metabolism of rat brain slices by using the main substrates of the brain. Our slices metabolized and oxidized these substrates at high rates during the incubation period. The second part presents a validation of our model of study by testing the effect of valproate, a widely used antiepileptic drug. We showed that valproate not only increases the accumulation of GABA and decreases that of aspartate, but also alters fluxes through several enzymes involved in brain metabolism. In the third part, we investigated the effects of guanidino compounds on cerebral metabolism; these compounds increase glucose consumption and lactate accumulation by rat brain slices. Thus, our slices are a good model for metabolic studies in vitro and our approach provides an overview of the metabolic fate of a given substrate and allows to identify the metabolic pathways involved by measuring enzymatic fluxes in the absence and the presence of a pharmacological or toxicological agents
Sarazin, Catherine. "Étude par RMN 1H et 13C de réactions enzymatiques catalysées par la cutinase de Fusarium solani, en milieu non conventionnel." Compiègne, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992COMPD555.
Повний текст джерелаDumont, Sophie. "Authentification d'arômes naturels par analyse chirale et analyse isotopique du 13C." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T225.
Повний текст джерелаPate, Franck. "Structure d'agrégats mixtes impliquant des amidures chiraux : Etude par RMN multinoyaux 1H / 6Li / 13C / 15N et calculs DFT." Phd thesis, Université de Rouen, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00158084.
Повний текст джерелаagrégats mixtes avec les alkyllithiens (3APLi : AlkLi) parfaitement caractérisés en
solution. L'étude de ces agrégats, d'une part par Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire
multinoyaux (RMN 1H/6Li/13C/15N), d'autre part par modélisation moléculaire, a permis,
au cours de cette thèse, de :
- confirmer le pliage (type azanorbornyle) de l'amidure grâce au double
marquage à l'azote 15N de l'azote intracyclique et du lithium 6Li ;
- observer et quantifier l'affinité relative des 3-APLi's pour les halogénures de
lithium LiX (X = Br, Cl). Les résultats suggèrent que la formation des
agrégats mixtes 3-APLi : LiX est favorisée, aux dépends des complexes 3-
APLi : AlkLi. ;
- évaluer le degré et la capacité d'agrégation des 3-APLi's en présence d'un
mélange d'alkylithiens (MeLi + nBuLi).
Les analyses et observations effectuées sont pour l'essentiel en accord avec les résultats
expérimentaux de synthèse asymétrique et permettent de justifier des variations d'excès
énantiomériques observées.
Barthelemy, Laurence. "Etude des ramifications dans les homopolymères et les copolymères de l'éthylène par RMN du 13C à haut champ." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066060.
Повний текст джерелаPaté, Franck. "Structure d'agrégats mixtes impliquant des amidures chiraux : Etude par RMN multinoyaux 1H/6Li/13C/15N et calculs DFT." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES017.
Повний текст джерелаChiral 3-aminopyrrolidine lithium amides (3APLi) form mixed aggregates with alkyllithium compounds (3APLi : AlkLi) that have been fully characterized in solution. A multinuclear (1H/6Li/13C/15N) low-temperature NMR study and a set of Density Functional Theory calculations were performed during this thesis showing that : lithium chelation forces the 3APLi to adopt a norbornyle-like conformation, a point fully confirmed by a double labeling experiment (15N intracyclic nitrogen and 6Li amide and methyllithium); lithium halides LiX (X = Br, Cl) tend to form very robust 3-APLi : LiX mixed complexes, it has been found that methyllithium is rapidly, totally and irreversibly chased out of the 3APLi : AlkLi mixed aggregate when a lithium halide is added to the medium; 3APLi aggregate indifferently with two different alkyllithiums as demonstrated with a MeLi and nBuLi mixture. Those analysis and observations are in good overall agreement with the most chemical observations and e. E. Variations observed at the bench level
Ouattara, Zana Adama. "Contribution de la RMN 13C à la caractérisation des huiles essentielles de cinq Annonacées acclimatées en Côte d'Ivoire." Corté, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0029.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis contributed to the characterization of five Ivoirian Anonnaceae through the chemical composition of their essential oils. For this purpose , various chromatographic and spectroscopic techniques have been used ; particularly 13C NMR , following a computerized method developed by the « Chimie et Biomasse » team, University of Corsica. First, we explicated the analytical method based on 13C NMR analysis through the study of essential oil of leaves, fruit and stem bark of Artabotrys oliganthus. (. . . /. . . )
Mazuel, Leslie. "Spectroscopie RMN, des stratégies couramment utilisées en clinique vers les techniques de demain." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014CLF1MM12/document.
Повний текст джерелаParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor troubles such as akinesia, rigidity and tremor. The loss of dopaminergic neurons from the nigro-striatal pathway will lead to biochemical changes in the putamen. Especially, works on electrophysiology, micro dialysis and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) suggests hyperactivity of the glutamatergic cortico-striatal pathway associated with glial microenvironment changes. These observations suggest a modification of the glutamate-glutamine cycle occurring between neurons and astrocytes in response to neuronal loss.In this thesis, two approaches have been developed in order to follow by MRS the metabolic changes occuring in Parkinson's disease. In particular, we want to follow the changes in glutamate-glutamine cycle inside the putamen.in a first study, a a 1H MRS approach was used to assess the metabolic changes inside the putamen of Parkinson's disease without or under dopaminergic treatment. In this study, changes in N-acetylaspartate, creatine and myo-inositol were observed in Parkinsonian patients, but no change in glutamatergic metabolism was observed. This could be due to the lack of sensitivity of the technique to differentiate glutamate and glutamine pools.Thus, we chose to use a new 13C carbon MRS approach in order to follow dynamically in vivo the glutamate-glutamine cycle inside the brain: dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). Thanks to the high sensitivity of this technique, it is now possible to follow metabolic pathways in vivo in real time. The implementation of DNP was assessed under a control group of animals. This technique offers a new promising tool for the analysis of this flow under pathologic conditions.To conclude, the MRS strategies for clinical diagnostic strategies remain, at present, poorly sensitive for the study of glutamate-glutamine cycle in vivo in humans. The development of DNP opens the door to a new approach for real-time monitoring of this cerebral metabolism Even if DNP is mainly used in preclinical studies at present, the development of new clinical systems could lead to its emergence as a new diagnostic strategy in clinical imaging
Gosselin, Isabelle. "Etude du métabolisme glucidique chez Sinorhizobium meliloti par RMN du 13C : biosynthèse des polymères, recyclage des hexoses-phophates et osmorégulation." Amiens, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AMIE0021.
Повний текст джерелаPouységu, Laurent. "Détermination structurale de sucres par RMN 29Si,13C et 31P : expériences INEPT et DEPT associées à des simulations de spectres." Bordeaux 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR10583.
Повний текст джерелаDAGANE, ISHAY. "Systeme darc-epios : elucidation structurale par rmn 13c. application du modele sous-structure/sous-spectre a la generation des structures." Paris 7, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA077265.
Повний текст джерелаCinget, Francis. "Double marquage par spins en série D-glucose : perturbation du T1 en RMN 13C et 19F par un radical nitroxyde : sonde de distances intramoléculaires." Grenoble 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990GRE10126.
Повний текст джерелаSaidi, Fadila. "RMN haute résolution solide par multiple-résonance : transfert de polarisation simple et multiple entre noyaux à fréquences de Larmor proches." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV013/document.
Повний текст джерелаDuring this work, two aspects of solid-state NMR have been investigated: i) double-resonance NMR of nuclei with close Larmor frequencies, ii) quantitative cross-polarization (CPMAS) measurements. The use of a prototype multichannel solid NMR probe (1H/19F/X/Y/Z) has allowed the development of original NMR tools for the structural characterization of fluorinated or heterogeneous materials (active principles, porous solids, polymers), in particular the triple polarization transfer (1H, 19F) -13C, double-transfer ‘en cascade’, multiple decoupling, and other 1H-19F ou 13C-27Al double-resonance experiments. The multiCP experiment has then been evaluated to get quantitative 13C and 29Si NMR spectra and to characterize materials with contrasted relaxation times. We have shown that the presence of dense proton bath was key to get quantitative data. Quantitative measurements were then obtained for pure solids (aminoacids, active principles, excipients, inorganic polymers) and mixtures. The multiCP has then been used to characterize the local structure of siliceous polymers and the nature of the proton spin system in Nafion membranes. Finally, we have studied a pharmaceutical formulation. In this heterogenous system, we have taken benefit from the contrasted relaxation times to distinguish molecules present inside or outside the surfactant. We have also characterized the interactions between the active principle and the surfactant and followed the drug release in various physiological media. The ensemble of this work provides new NMR tools for the characterization of the local structure of heterogeneous materials
Botosoa, Eliot-Patrick. "Protocoles analytiques pour l'étude de la vanilline par RMN 13C isotopique en abondance naturelle : reproductibilté méthodologique, purification, origines du fractionnement isotopique." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2020.
Повний текст джерелаIsotopic 13C NMR can measure the site by site isotopic deviation in 13C, making it possible to study the mechanism of the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin. A priori, it was necessary to developed conditions for the reliable measurement of very small deviations with sufficient precision. Hence, it was show that, during the purification of vanillin and ferulic acid by silica gel column chromatography, unexpected site-specific isotopic deviation was introduced in different fractions recovered from the eluting peak. Both normal and inverse effects occurred, indicating that each isotopomers has a characteristic elution profile due to specific interactions with the stationary/mobile phases used. Thus, insights into the causes of non-covalent isotopic fractionation in chromatography have been obtained. The technique was applied to the biotransformation of ferulic acid to vanillin by micro-organisms, Streptomyces setonii and Amycolatopsis sp. These experiments provided clear evidence supporting the prior hypothesis of a role of a ‘hydroquinone’ intermediate in the C6C3 to C6C1 chain-shortening mechanism. This conclusion was supported by theoretical calculations of the predicted isotope effects. Future developments will include studies of the role of non-covalent interactions in isotopic fractionation, notably within the context of interactions between pollutants and contaminated soils, and the development of a general method for the authentication of the origin of natural vanillin through the analysis of the site-by-site deviations in 13C determined by 13C NMR
Benamsili, Lyès. "Identification par RMN des saturations et de la dynamique des hydrocarbures dans des roches pétrolières." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00962339.
Повний текст джерелаYapi, Acafou Thierry. "Contribution de la RMN 13C à l'analyse d'huiles essentielles de cinq espèces du genre Xylopia de Côte d'Ivoire : caractérisation de nouvelles molécules." Corté, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CORT0028.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis concerned the characterization of five species of the genus Xylopia from Côte d’Ivoire through the chemical composition of the leaf , stem bark and root bark oils :X. Villosa, X. Quintasii, X. Aethiopica, X. Rubescens and X. Staudtii. There are two main objectives. Develop our knowledge on the chemical composition of the essential oils of the five investigated species, using analytical strategy based on the use of complementary techniques and adapted to the examination of a large number of samples. (. . . /. . . )
Qasemian, Leila. "Caractérisation du potentiel de dégradation de matières organiques naturelle (litière) et anthropique (HAP) par les communautés microbiennes issue du milieu littoral méditerranéen." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4794/document.
Повний текст джерелаMediterranean coastal ecosystems are subjected to various natural and anthropogenic environmental pressures which are supposed to be enhanced because of climatic changes. Little is known about microbial community functioning in such ecosystems. Our site of study is located in the Calanques of Marseille, a hot spot of biodiversity. The effect of salinity (via sea spray exposure) on microbial communities and their ability to transform organic matter in an Aleppo pine litter have been studied as well as the potential of autochthonous microorganisms to transform anthracene used as a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon model. To do so, different approaches (in situ, ex situ and in vitro experimental design) were used and we combined various methods such as enzyme activities (laccase, cellulase, phosphatase, lipase), CLPP (Biolog ECO and FF plates), respirometry (basal and induced) and litter chemical characterization (solid-state 13C NMR). Laccases were induced by anthracene in mesocosms and oxidized this compound (with anthraquinone as an intermediate). These enzymes were sequenced by LC/MS/MS to determine the fungal strains responsible for their production. We also found that enzyme activities were not strongly influenced by salinity or anthracene inputs. On the other hand, functional diversity was structured at a small-spatial scale. Moreover, functional responses of microbial communities from inland areas strongly differ from those of coastal areas regarding anthracene inputs since no laccase induction was observed in inland litter
Martin, Guy. "Métabolisme hépatique et rénal de la glutamine et de l'alanine chez le rat : étude par RMN 13C du métabolisme rénal de l'aspartate chez le cobaye." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10045.
Повний текст джерелаRigole-Guilbert, Monique. "Etude par spectroscopie RMN 13c de l'adsorption de diènes conjugués sur des catalyseurs Cu/AL2O3 : effet du cuivre et influence de la texture du support." Lille 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LIL10087.
Повний текст джерелаDEGAND, JEAN-PIERRE. "Etude de la structure chimique des reseaux issus de la polymerisation de dicyanates aromatiques. Etude de la dynamique moleculaire par rmn 13c haute resolution dans les solides." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066082.
Повний текст джерелаCrozet, Marielle. "Etudes des interactions hyperfines des 13C par RPE pulsée et RMN à haute résolution en solide sur des complexes à 4Fe et 4S, modèles de sites actifs de métalloprotéines." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10193.
Повний текст джерелаKorkut, Dursun Nizam. "Identification et caractérisation structurale du système Toxine-Antitoxine aapA1/IsoA1 de Helicobacter pylori : De l’analyse globale des systémes par bio informatique à l’étude structurale par Résonnance Magnétique Nucluéaire." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0355/document.
Повний текст джерелаToxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are present in almost all bacterial genomes. Here we report that the genome of the major human gastric pathogen, Helicobacter pylori, is hosting several copies of a new family of type I TA systems. Similarly to other type I TA systems, the toxin (AapA) is a small membrane protein whose expression is controlled by a small antisense RNA (IsoA, antitoxin) that binds to the 5’ untranslated region (UTR) of the mRNA. In addition we used the strong conservation of the mRNA folding to identify homologs of this TA system not only in other Helicobacter and Campylobacter chromosomes but also on plasmids, indicating that this new TA system might have been spread over different genomes via horizontal gene transfer.The second part of the study take account of the AapA toxin itself. We acutely determine the structure of AapA1 by liquid state NMR in membrane mimicking environment. We then probe first structural insight on atomic structural determinants of its toxicity following a mutation studies.These results reveal a particular charge pattern on the transmembrane α helix domain of AapA toxin similary to other Type I toxin. A third part of the studies is based on expression and purification of the toxin in order to determine the structure in complex membrane environment by solid state NMR. The promosisng result open the way to characterize the toxin by PISEMA experiment
Corticchiato, Marc. "Identification des principaux constituants des huiles essentielles par RMN du carbone-13 : étude de la variabilité chimique de Thymus Herba-Barona Lois." Corte, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CORT3003.
Повний текст джерелаRabehaja, Rakotondragaby Delphin Justin. "Production et analyse d'huiles essentielles de plantes aromatiques et médicinales de Madagascar. Caractérisation par RMN13C, CPG(Ir) et CPG-SM." Thesis, Corte, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CORT0005/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis study was conducted under an agreement of co-supervision between the Universities of Antananarivo (Madagascar) and Corsica (France). It contributed to the characterization of five malagasy plants through the chemical composition of their essential oils (EO). Four aromatic and medicinal plants: Cymbopogon giganteus var. madagascariensis, Tana bojeriana, Croton kimosorum and Croton sp. grow wild in the south-western region of Madagascar (Toliara) whereas the species Vepris madagascarica is widespread in the rainforest of the north-eastern region (Vohémar). The identification of components of EOs produced by hydrodistillation (Clevenger type apparatus) and by steam distillation (Alembic) has been obtained by combination of GC (RI), GC-MS and 13C NMR.Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. var. madagascariensis (A. Camus) EO or Ahibero EO of Madagascar has similar chemical composition with Cymbopogon giganteus Chiov. african species described in literature. Its chemical composition is dominated by four p-menthadienols (cis- and trans-p-mentha-1(7),8-dien-2-ol, cis- and trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol) and limonene. Moreover, four peroxides derivatives bearing the p-menthane skeleton were also identified. A monography has been proposed to Ahibero EO users.Tana bojeriana Baker EO is characterized by the predominance of -phellandrene (30.4%), carvone (22.3%), limonene (13.3%) and dill ether (7.7%). The chemical composition of this EO was very close to that of Anetum graveolens (Apiaceae family), constituents. The presence of trans-p-menth-2-en-1,6-diol and p-mentha-1(7) ,2-dien-6-ol, gives some originality to Tana bojeriana EO. It could be therefore an alternative for essential oils that are already well established on the Medicinal and Aromatic Plants market.The chemical composition of Vepris madagascarica (Baill.) H. Perrier leaf EO is characterized by a high content of (E)-anethole (78.2%). The comparative study of the chemical composition of leaves (fresh and dried) and bark trunk EOs confirmed the predominance of (E)-anethole (69.5 to 84.6%). Taking account of the restricted distribution of this aromatic plant and the need for sustainable management of this species, its potential use would be limited to leaf oil and could be a source for this compound widely used in food industry.Two species of Croton endemic from Madagascar were studied, Croton kimosorum Leandri (Zanapoly or Napoly) and Croton sp. (Andriambolamena or Riamena). Both aromatic and medicinal plants EOs are characterized by the presence of linalool (Zanapoly) and limonene (Andriambolamena). Croton kimosorum is characterized by a majority of oxygenated compounds, while the second is dominated by hydrocarbon monoterpenes. In both cases, several oxygenated sesquiterpenes are identified. Among these, the epi--bisabolol, never reported in of Croton EOs, was found for the first time in both species
Dejean, de La Batie Rémi. "Etude des mouvements moléculaires dans les polymères en masse par résonance magnétique nucléaire du 13c et simulation de Monte-Carlo." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066284.
Повний текст джерелаGuénon, René. "Vulnérabilité des sols méditerranéens aux incendies récurrents et restauration de leurs qualités chimiques et microbiologiques par des apports de composts." Phd thesis, Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00555463.
Повний текст джерелаTraboulsi, Ali. "Radiolyse gamma et lixiviation post irradiation de résines échangeuses d'Ions." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4301/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe knowledge of the behavior under irradiation and in presence of water of Ion Exchange Resins (IER) is very necessary to predict their impact on the environment during the storage phase and in a possible deep geological disposal. The IER studied are the MB400 mixed bed resin and its « pure » anionic and cationic components. The experimental strategy used in this work was based on the use of chemometric tools permitting to estimate the effect of the irradiation atmosphere, the dose rate, the absorbed dose and the leaching temperature. The gaseous and water-soluble radiolysis products were analyzed by gas Mass Spectrometry (MS) and Ion Chromatography (IC). The IER generated principally H2g, CO2g and amines for which quantities depended of the resin nature and the irradiation conditions. The analysis of solid irradiated resins was investigated by Fourier Transformed Infrared (FTIR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR) techniques. The last ones revealed structural modifications of the IER solid matrix in function of the experimental conditions. Their behavior in presence of water was studied during 143 days by characterization of the organic matter released after their post-irradiation leaching. The kinetics showed that all the water-soluble components were releasing at the first contact with water. The Total Organic Carbon (TOC) quantity released depends, according to the resin nature, either on the dose, either on the irradiation atmosphere. The dose rate has no effect on the degradation and the leaching of the MB400 resin, which behaved differently than its pure components
Scussat, Simone. "Identification des marqueurs repérables par des capteurs spectroscopiques et significatifs des étapes clefs de la cuisson de viande et poisson." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOS014.
Повний текст джерелаOne of the purposes of the Opticook project is to install spectroscopic sensors in ovens, so equipping them with non intrusive tools allowing following cooking process of meat and fish. The hypothesis on which sensors were developed was: are muscular proteins proper probes to discriminate among several cooking degrees? Thus, at the beginning of the project several tools were used to characterise effect of several cooking degrees on macroscopic properties (texture and colour) of beef, chicken and cod fillet samples. Following, calorimetry and spectroscopic techniques were used to study transformations at molecular scale. In particular, visible spectroscopy followed denaturation of haemproteins observing their evolution from oxy to met state. Colour change was observed between 50 and 75 °C. Middle infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies were used to observe evolution of fibrillar proteins which are associated with meat texture changes. One of myofibrils, myosin, was purified from chicken breast and was studied depending on temperature by fluorescence spectroscopy. Observations showed evolution of protein structure occurred around 50 °C. At microscopic scale, low field NMR (spin echo and gradient field configurations) and neutron tomography were used to observe morphology changes and juice release on beef samples according to cooking degree. 3D image analysis and NMR data showed morphology and fibre density changes at high temperature.We associated the two approaches (molecular and microscopic) in the last part of the research. So coupled measures were realised by combining neutron imaging and spectroscopy techniques during cooking process on beef slices by Opticook oven. Coupled measures allowed following morphology evolution because of fibre contractions, juice migration and colour modification as well associated to haemprotein denaturation. In conclusion, it is possible to follow cooking process of meat and fish by following several spectroscopic signatures (fluorescence and visible ones) of matrix own probes: myosin, collage and haemproteins
Abustam, Effendi. "Contribution a l'etude des caracterisations des viandes bovines par les proprietes des tissus conjonctifs." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987CLF2D195.
Повний текст джерелаGoutailler, Florent. "Polarisation dynamique nucléaire à basse température et fort champ magnétique pour des applications biomédicales en imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672305.
Повний текст джерелаPellet, Alain. "Réactivité des pyridylacétonitrile, aminonitrile et éther de cyanhydrine vis à vis de composés carbonylés α, β [alpha-béta] éthyléniques : synthèse et stéréochimie de γ [gamma] cétonitriles et de γ [gamma] cétoaldéhydes". Paris 11, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA112130.
Повний текст джерелаThis work deals with the regioselectivity of addition of alpha nitrile carbanions on unsaturated carbonyl compounds in the aim of synthesizing gamma functionalized carbonyl compounds. In the first chapter, we have shawn that the addiion of lithiated 3-pyridylacetonitrile to various enones in tetrahydrofurane, followed by protonation, leads exclusively to 1,4 adducts, the bicylcic ketones are Cis ring fused. The cis or trans stereochemistry of the 2,3-disubstituted cyclanones depends on the protonation of enolates under kinetic or thermodynamic control. The 1,2 addition of this anion on 3-methyl 2-butene 1-al is performed in tetrahydrofurane whereas 1,4 addition is observed under thermodynamic control in the presence of hexamethylphosphoramide or trifluoroboron etherate. In the second chapter, we have realized regioselective additions of lithiated and potassiated dimethylaminophenylacetonitrile and lithiated (ethoxy-ethoxy) phenylacetonitrile (latent benzoyl equivalents) on various unsaturated aldehydes. Our study centers on the influence of the nature of the reactants, solvents, cations, Lewis acids, and experimental conditions on the regio and stereoselectivities of these additions. A methodology leading to ketoaldehydes and keto allylic alcohols, usually difficult to obtain, was improved and applied to the synthesis of optically active compounds. In the third chapter, the reductive decyanation by different borohydrides was studied on an aminonitrile model with the aim of accessing to aminoaldehydes and aminoallylic alcohols. The desired free amine is accompanied by various amounts of stable amine-borane complexe according to the reducing agent. This methodology, applied to 1,4 adducts, leads to the corresponding aminoalcohols while retrocondensation occurs from the1,2 adducts
Sutour, Sylvain. "Etude de la composition chimique d'huiles essentielles et d'extraits de menthe de Corse et de Kumquats." Phd thesis, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00603340.
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