Готові списки джерел за темами / Iced deposits

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Iced deposits"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022
Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Iced deposits"

1

Pyasetska, Svitlana. "Duration of the phase of preservation and destruction in cases of deposits of iced categories of SHP (spontaneous) in the territory of Ukraine in the month of the cold period of the year during 1991–2016." Physical Geography and Geomorphology 99, no. 1-2 (2020): 62–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/phgg.2020.1-2.07.

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The article deals with the question of the duration of the preservation and destruction phase which were calculated for ice-free periods of the category of SHP and were observed on the territory of Ukraine in the month of the cold period of the year during certain periods 1991–2000, 2001-2010 and 2011-2016. It was established that the duration of the preservation phase and the destruction of ice-oily deposits in the category of SHP is very volatile and ranges from near-instant destruction after reaching a maximum diameter of several hours or several dozen hours. However, there are cases where the duration of this phase can be 4 days in a row and more than several hundred hours. The study found that for the most part during the investigated period, the glacial deposits of the SHP category were dominated by non-prolonged conservation and degradation phases, regardless of the region where the sediment was formed, and regardless of the overall duration of the sediment itself, which could be significant. In 2001–2010 and 2011–2016, unlike in the period of 1991-2000, in January and December, the number of cases of ice-ousted categories of SHP increased. Moreover, in January, especially in 2011–2016, the number of cases with a significant duration of the phase of preservation and destruction of ice deposits of the category of SHP was increased. From the above we can draw a number of conclusions, namely: – During 1991–2000, the phases of preservation and destruction of ice-clay deposits in the category of HPAs were mostly non-prolonged and ranging from several hours to several dozen hours. The most prolonged phases of preservation and destruction of deposits of iced ice of category SHHA were in cases of sediments in Lower Zirgozakh in January 1996, in March 1998 in Kropivnitsky and most often in November 1999 in Gadyach, Dolynska, Komissarivka, Mariupol, Prisheby, and also in 2000 It is in Novodnistrovsk, Separate, Lyubashevtsi, Serbs, Voznesensk, December 1997 in Loshkarivka, Kryvy Rih, Nikopol, Lyubashevtsi, Prisheb and especially in Donetsk. – In 2001–2010, the amount of ice-cream deposits in the category of SHP increased slightly. In addition, the duration of the preservation and destruction phase compared to the previous period changed slightly, taking into account the individual months. So, in January, along with the relatively long phases of preservation and destruction of ice-clay deposits of the category of SHP (up to several dozen hours), in 2010 deposits with very long phases of conservation and destruction in Debaltsevo and especially in Mysovoye were observed. In December of this period, the long phases of preservation and destruction of deposits of iced ice of category SHP were observed in 2004 in Dar’yivka, and in 2008 in Vinnitsa and Ovruch. In the remaining months, the duration of the conservation and destruction phase was overwhelmingly within a few hours, at least to several dozen golds (11–25 hours) – Unlike in the years 1991-2000 and 2001-2010, in January the number of cases of ice deposits of the category of SHP increased in the five-year period of 2011–2016. They met practically in most regions. Significantly increased cases with them, where the duration of the preservation and destruction phase was significant and exceeded the duration of 4 consecutive days. Such cases were observed in January 2013 in Rava-Ruska, Kamianets Buzka and Poltava, in January 2014 – in Rava-Ruska, Ternopil, Amvrosiyivka, Rosdilna, Mykolayiv, Ochakov, and Simferopol. In December 2012, a similar accident happened in Evpatoria.
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2

Bachler, Johannes, Johannes Giebelmann, and Thomas Loerting. "Experimental evidence for glass polymorphism in vitrified water droplets." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 30 (July 23, 2021): e2108194118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2108194118.

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The nature of amorphous ices has been debated for more than 35 years. In essence, the question is whether they are related to ice polymorphs or to liquids. The fact that amorphous ices are traditionally prepared from crystalline ice via pressure-induced amorphization has made a clear distinction tricky. In this work, we vitrify liquid droplets through cooling at ≥106 K ⋅ s−1 and pressurize the glassy deposit. We observe a first order–like densification upon pressurization and recover a high-density glass. The two glasses resemble low- and high-density amorphous ice in terms of both structure and thermal properties. Vitrified water shows all features that have been reported for amorphous ices made from crystalline ice. The only difference is that the hyperquenched and pressurized deposit shows slightly different crystallization kinetics to ice I upon heating at ambient pressure. This implies a thermodynamically continuous connection of amorphous ices with liquids, not crystals.
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3

Blake, D. F., L. Allamandola, S. Sandford, D. Hudgins, and F. Freund. "Type II Clathrate Hydrate Formation in Cometary Ice Analogs in Vacuo." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 150 (1992): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900090616.

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Clathrate Hydrates can be formed under high vacuum conditions by annealing vapor-deposited amorphous ices of the appropriate composition. When astrophysically significant H2O:CH3OH ices are deposited and annealed, Type II Clathrate Hydrates are formed which can hold up to 6 mole % large guest molecules such as methanol and 12 mole % small guest molecules such as CO2 and CO. The solid state transformation of amorphous mixed molecular ice into crystalline clathrate hydrate and its sublimation at higher temperatures may serve to explain heretofore anomalous mechanical and gas release properties observed in cometary ices and laboratory ice analog experiments.
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Hu, Yuyao, Sihua Guo, Richang Xian, Xingbo Han, Zhongyi Yang, and Ying Wu. "Flashover Performance and Process of Suspension Insulator Strings Artificially Covered with Snow." Energies 11, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 2916. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11112916.

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Snow accumulates on the surface of insulator string, causing a decrease in its electrical performance, seriously threatening the reliable operation of the power grid. Most previous studies have focused on iced insulators; however, there is a lack of research on snow-covered insulators. In this paper, to reveal the influencing mechanism that snow has on the electrical characteristics of insulator string, based on an artificial snowing test in a chamber, the effects of equivalent salt deposit density, applied voltage type, and snow thickness on the flashover performance of snow-covered insulators are analyzed, and the flashover process is investigated. The results show that the relationship between the arc flashover gradient and the equivalent salt deposit density is a power function with a negative exponent, which is similar to that of polluted and ice-covered insulator strings. For the insulator strings with the same snow accretion, the direct current (DC) arc flashover gradient is lower than the alternating current (AC) arc flashover gradient. The relationship between arc flashover gradient and snow thickness is also a power function. The formation of a dry band during the flashover of snow-covered insulator string is similar to the flashover of the polluted insulator, and the arc propagation along the surface of the snow-covered insulator is similar to the flashover of the iced insulator.
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5

Leu, Ming-Taun, and Leon F. Keyser. "Vapor-deposited water and nitric acid ices: Physical and chemical properties." International Reviews in Physical Chemistry 28, no. 1 (January 2009): 53–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01442350802617129.

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6

McNeill, V. F., A. M. Grannas, J. P. D. Abbatt, M. Ammann, P. Ariya, T. Bartels-Rausch, F. Domine, et al. "Organics in environmental ices: sources, chemistry, and impacts." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 4 (April 10, 2012): 8857–920. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-8857-2012.

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Abstract. The physical, chemical, and biological processes involving organics in ice in the environment impact a number of atmospheric and biogeochemical cycles. Organic material in snow or ice may be biological in origin, deposited from aerosols or atmospheric gases, or formed chemically in situ. In this manuscript, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the sources, properties, and chemistry of organic materials in environmental ices. Several outstanding questions remain to be resolved and fundamental data gathered before a comprehensive, accurate model of organic species in the cryosphere will be possible. For example, more information is needed regarding the quantitative impacts of chemical and biological processes, ice morphology, and snow formation on the fate of organic material in cold regions. Interdisciplinary work at the interfaces of chemistry, physics and biology is needed in order to fully characterize the nature and evolution of organics in the cryosphere and predict the effects of climate change on the Earth's carbon cycle.
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7

McNeill, V. F., A. M. Grannas, J. P. D. Abbatt, M. Ammann, P. Ariya, T. Bartels-Rausch, F. Domine, et al. "Organics in environmental ices: sources, chemistry, and impacts." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, no. 20 (October 24, 2012): 9653–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-9653-2012.

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Анотація:
Abstract. The physical, chemical, and biological processes involving organics in ice in the environment impact a number of atmospheric and biogeochemical cycles. Organic material in snow or ice may be biological in origin, deposited from aerosols or atmospheric gases, or formed chemically in situ. In this manuscript, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the sources, properties, and chemistry of organic materials in environmental ices. Several outstanding questions remain to be resolved and fundamental data gathered before an accurate model of transformations and transport of organic species in the cryosphere will be possible. For example, more information is needed regarding the quantitative impacts of chemical and biological processes, ice morphology, and snow formation on the fate of organic material in cold regions. Interdisciplinary work at the interfaces of chemistry, physics and biology is needed in order to fully characterize the nature and evolution of organics in the cryosphere and predict the effects of climate change on the Earth's carbon cycle.
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8

Wynhoff, Irma, Raldi B. Bakker, Bas Oteman, Paula Seixas Arnaldo, and Frank van Langevelde. "Phengaris (Maculinea) alconbutterflies deposit their eggs on tall plants with many large buds in the vicinity ofMyrmicaants." Insect Conservation and Diversity 8, no. 2 (November 7, 2014): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/icad.12100.

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9

Ouyed, Rachid. "Can D-D fusion contribute to Jupiter's excess heat?" Symposium - International Astronomical Union 202 (2004): 280–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900218068.

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Анотація:
We explore the highly speculative idea of Deuterium - Deuterium (D-D) fusion inside Jupiter as an internal heating source. We suggest that D could have been brought deep inside the planet by planetesimals (during the process of planet formation) and deposited through planetesimal/ices vaporization. Here, the general aspects of the model are presented.
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10

Foti, Francesco, and Luca Martinelli. "Finite element modeling of cable galloping vibrations. Part II: Application to an iced cable in 1:2 multiple internal resonance." Journal of Vibration and Control 24, no. 7 (July 20, 2016): 1322–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077546316660017.

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The aim of this paper is to validate the finite element formulations proposed in a companion paper for the study of the nonlinear dynamic behavior of cable structures. A well-known suspended cable in multiple 1:2 “internal resonance” conditions is herein considered. A uniform ice deposit, along the length of the cable, makes it prone to galloping vibrations under a steady wind flow. Different modeling strategies, relying on different assumptions regarding both the mechanical model as well as the aerodynamic response, are investigated and compared with results coming from analytical, semi-analytical and numerical models from the literature. The role of torsional and flexural stiffness terms, and of the initial undeformed configuration, is critically assessed. The results obtained show the significant effect coming from the adoption of a beam finite element formulation that includes the effect of torsional rotation in the evaluation of the aerodynamic loads.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Iced deposits"

1

Меркотан, Роман Андрійович. "Захист проводів повітряних ліній електропередавання від галопування та ожеледно-вітрових навантажень". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/23285.

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Анотація:
Магістерська дисертація складається з пояснювальної записки на 106 сторінках та графічної частини на 8 листах. В роботі наведено 46 рисунків та 13 таблиць. Робота містить такі розділи: 1. Загальні відомості щодо ожеледно-вітрових навантажень та коливань проводів ПЛ. 2. Моделювання коливань проводів ПЛ з урахуванням ожеледно-вітрових навантажень. 3. Методи та засоби захисту ПЛ від вібрації та галопування. 4. Методи та засоби захисту ПЛ від ожеледно-вітрових навантажень. Актуальність роботи: Одним з найголовніших принципів сучасної енергетики є забезпечення надійної та безперебійної роботи обладнання електроенергетичних систем і електричних мереж. Для повітряних ліній електропередавання одним з актуальних є питання їх захисту від зовнішніх впливів природного походження, таких як вітрові та ожеледно-вітрові навантаження. У зарубіжних країнах немає єдиної методики нормування розрахункових кліматичних умов для проведення їх районування за інтенсивністю ожеледоутворення, тому питання організації боротьби з різними видами відкладень на проводах ліній електропередавання на сьогоднішній день поставлене першочергово і є дуже актуальним. Для швидкого та точного вирішення цього питання необхідним є уточнення всіх існуючих знань та матеріалів щодо вітрових та ожел едно-вітрових навантажень, створення комп'ютерних моделей аналізу та прогнозування даних відкладень на проводах ліній електропередавання і створення нових методів та типів захисту ліній електропередавання від впливів природного походження Мета дисертаційної роботи: Аналіз і вивчення повного циклу виникнення ожеледних відкладень на лініях електропередавання з врахуванням впливу дії вітру, аналіз впливу та створення комп'ютерної моделі ожеледно-вітрових навантажень на проводи ліній електропередавання, запропонування методик та типів захисту ліній електропередавання від ожеледно-вітрових навантажень. Об’єкт дослідження: проводи повітряних ліній електропередавання усіх класів номінальних напруг. Предмет дослідження: процес виникнення ожеледних відкладень під дією вітру та їх вплив на проводи ліній електропередавання усіх класів номінальних напруг. Ключові слова: проводи ліній електропередавання, ожеледні відкладення, ожеледоутворення, ожеледно-вітрові навантаження, захист від ожеледно-вітрових навантажень.
The master's dissertation consists of an explanatory note on 106 pages and graphic part on 8 paper. There are 46 pictures and 13 tables. The work contains the following sections: 1. General information on ice-wind loads and fluctuations of wires. 2. Modeling of fluctuations of wires of the power lines, taking into account the ice-wind loads. 3. Methods and means of protection of the submarine from vibration and galloping. 4. Methods and means of protection of submarines from ice-wind loads. Actuality of work: One of the most important principles of modern energy is to ensure reliable and uninterrupted operation of equipment of electric power systems and electric networks. One of the most urgent issues is to protect them from external influences of natural origin, such as wind and ice-wind loads. In foreign countries there is no uniform method of normalization of the calculated climatic conditions for their zoning based on the intensity of ice-forming, so the issue of organizing the fight against various types of deposits on the lines of transmission lines has been put to the fore today and is very topical. In order to quickly and accurately resolve this issue, it is necessary to clarify all existing knowledge and materials concerning wind and ice-wind loads, to create computer models of analysis and forecasting of these deposits on wires of power transmission lines and to create new methods and types of protection of transmission lines from natural influences. The purpose of the dissertation work: Analysis and study of the full cycle of occurrence of iced deposits on transmission lines, taking into account the influence of the wind, impact analysis and the creation of a computer model of ice-wind loads on the transmission lines, offering methods and types of protection of transmission lines from ice-wind loads. Object of research: conducting of overhead transmission lines of all classes of nominal voltages. Subject of research: the process of occurrence of iced ice deposits under the influence of wind and their influence on conduction lines of electric power transmission of all classes of nominal voltages.
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2

Davies, Edward. "Neutron diffraction studies of amorphous ice and amorphous ice co-deposits." Thesis, University of Kent, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.305366.

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3

Westbrook, Owen William. "Crater ice deposits near the south pole of Mars." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53113.

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Анотація:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-60).
Layered deposits atop both Martian poles are thought to preserve a record of past climatic conditions in up to three km of water ice and dust. Just beyond the extent of these south polar layered deposits (SPLD), dozens of impact craters contain large mounds of fill material with distinct similarities to the main layered deposits. Previously identified as outliers of the main SPLD, these deposits could offer clues to the climatic history of the Martian south polar region. We extend previous studies of these features by cataloging all crater deposits found near the south pole and quantifying the physical parameters of both the deposits and their host craters. Using MOLA topography data, MOC and THEMIS imagery, and SHARAD radar sounding data, we characterize the distribution, morphology, and structure of the deposits. In addition, we examine the effect of the crater microenvironment on the formation and persistence of these deposits, exploring the relative importance of solar and eolian processes in shaping their present-day distribution and appearance. We consider the possibility that crater sand dunes may have promoted ice accumulation over time and weigh various explanations for the origins and larger climatic significance of these features.
by Own William Westbrook.
S.M.
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4

Blakey, David Mark. "Structural studies of vapour-deposited amorphous-ice and argon/amorphous-ice systems by neutron diffraction." Thesis, University of Kent, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240416.

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5

Martin, Torge. "Arctic sea ice dynamics : drifts and ridging in numerical models and observations = Arktische Meereisdynamik : Drift und Presseisrückenbildung in numerischen Modellen und Beobachtungsdaten /." kostenfrei, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=985286768.

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6

Philippe, Sylvain. "Microphysique des processus saisonniers des glaces de Mars et Pluton : suivi par télédétection hyperspectrale et étude expérimentale." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU026/document.

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Анотація:
Le cycle de condensation/sublimation du CO2 contrôle le climat martien et forme en hiver des dépôts saisonniers glacés, contaminés en glace d’eau et en poussière. L’objectif de cette thèse est de comprendre, caractériser, et si possible quantifier les différents processus microphysiques des dépôts saisonniers durant ce cycle de condensation/sublimation à l’aide de la simulation, en laboratoire, de ces processus à l’intérieur de la cellule expérimentale CarboN-IR. La condensation de glace de CO2 polycristalline sur un régolithe minéral, la modification du régime de condensation de la glace de CO2 dans la nuit polaire en présence de gaz non condensables, la stratification de glace d’eau sur la glace de CO2 lors de la sublimation des dépôts saisonniers et la remontée d’albédo de la glace polycristalline de CO2 lors de sa sublimation au printemps sont les phénomènes ayant été reproduits avec succès dans la cellule expérimentale. La condensation de glace polycristalline de CO2 sur Mars a également été observée durant sa formation, en automne, aux latitudes plus basses que la nuit polaire à l’aide des données du spectromètre OMEGA, de la sonde Mars Express. L’objet le plus lointain du système solaire à avoir été exploré, Pluton, partage de nombreux points communs avec Mars, notamment la couverture d’une partie de sa surface par des glaces (de CH4, N2 et CO pour Pluton) en équilibre avec son atmosphère. L’évolution de ces glaces peut être considérée comme analogue en termes de processus de surface les affectant : stratification des glaces en fonction de leur volatilité lors de leur sublimation où condensation à la surface, formation de glace sous forme polycristalline,... . Les données d’imagerie hyperspectrale (LEISA) fournies par la sonde New Horizons lors de son survol de Pluton en juillet 2015 ont permis la cartographie précise des espèces chimiques présentes à sa surface, ainsi que de leur état physique, étapes préliminaires à toute interprétation géologique
The condensation/sublimation cycle of CO2 controls the martian climate and, in winter, forms frozen seasonal deposits, contaminated with water ice and dust. This thesis’ objective is to unders- tand, characterize, and if possible, to quantify the different microphysical processes occuring in the seasonal deposits during this condensation/sublimation cycle, with the insight of experimental simulation of these processes inside the CarboN-IR experimental cell. The CO2 ice condensation in a polycristalline form on a mineral regolith, the modification of the CO2 ice condensation regime in the martian polar night due to the presence of non condensable gases, the stratification of water ice onto CO2 ice during the sublimation of the seasonal deposits and the increase of the albedo of CO2 slab ice during its springtime sublimation are all phenomena that have been reproduced successfully inside the experiemental cell. The CO2 slab ice condensation on the Martian surface has been observed during its formation, in autumn, at lower latitudes than polar night limit with hyperspectral imaging from the OMEGA spectrometer onboard of the Mars Express probe. Yet the farthest object explored in the solar system, Pluto, shares many similarities with Mars, parti- cularly a partial icy cover of its surface (of CH4, N2 and CO ices for Pluto) in equilibrium with its atmosphere. The evolution of these ices can be considered similar in terms of the surface pro- cesses affecting them : stratification of ices in function of their volatility during their sublimation or condensation at the surface, formation of slab ice ... The hyperspectral imagery data (LEISA), provided by the New Horizons probe during its Pluto’s flyby in july 2015, allowed to determine the accurate cartography of chemical species at the surface, along with their physical state - the preliminary steps of any geological interpretation
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Козловський, О. А., А. Е. Орлович, О. А. Kozlovskyi та A. Yu Orlovich. "Діагностування ожеледно-паморозевих відкладень на повітряних лініях сучасними засобами". Thesis, Ексклюзив-Систем, 2017. http://dspace.kntu.kr.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7526.

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Анотація:
Розглянуто друге покоління систем моніторингу стану повітряних ліній електропередавання в умовах ожеледоутворення. Режимні заходи щодо захисту повітряних ліній від ожеледно-паморозевих відкладень та зменшення втрат на корону доцільно проводити з урахуванням поточної інформації про стан повітряних ліній.The second generation of the information monitoring system of overhead powerlines in the conditions of ice formation is considered. Regular measures to protect air lines from ice-frost deposits and reduction of the coronar losses are advisable to take into account current information on the state of the air lines.
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Hyde, Robert Harry. "Growth and Characterization of Thermoelectric Ba8Ga16Ge30 Type-I Clathrate Thin-Films Deposited by Pulsed Dual-Laser Ablation." Scholar Commons, 2011. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/3162.

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The on-going interest in thermoelectric (TE) materials, in the form of bulk and films, motivates investigation of materials that exhibit low thermal conductivity and good electrical conductivity. Such materials are phonon-glass electron-crystals (PGEC), and the multi-component type-I clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge30 is in this category. This work reports the first investigation of Ba8Ga16Ge30 films grown by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). This dissertation details the in-situ growth of polycrystalline type-I clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge30 thin-films by pulsed laser ablation. Films deposited using conventional laser ablation produced films that contained a high density of particulates and exhibited weak crystallinity. In order to produce high quality, polycrystalline, particulate-free films, a dual-laser ablation process was used that combines the pulses of (UV) KrF excimer and (IR) CO2 lasers that are temporally synchronized and spatially overlapped on the target surface. The effect of the laser energy on stoichiometric removal of material and morphology of the target has been investigated. In addition, in-situ time-gated emission spectroscopy and imaging techniques were used to monitor expansion of components in the ablated plumes. Through these investigations, the growth parameters were optimized not only to significantly reduce the particulate density but also to produce large area stoichiometric films. Structure and electrical transport properties of the resultant films were also evaluated. This work provides new insight toward the in-situ growth of complex multi-component structures in thin-film form for potential TE applications.
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Terziyski, Atanas. "Experimental and modelling studies of the adsorption of acetone on ice surfaces at temperatures around 200 K." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981398014.

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Maus, Sönke. "On brine entrapment in sea ice morphological stability, microstructure and convection." Berlin Logos-Verl, 2007. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2938399&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Книги з теми "Iced deposits"

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Siebertz, Helmut. Mittelalterliche bis spatmittelalterliche Dunenbildung in Cornwall und deren Beziehung zum "Little Ice Age" in Mitteleuropa =: Blown sand deposits of high and late mediaeval age at Cornwall and the connection to the "Little Ice Age" in the middle European area. Hannover: Eiszeitalter u. Gegenwart, 1998.

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2

Ham, Nelson R. Pleistocene geology of Lincoln County, Wisconsin: A discussion of the Pleistocene materials and landforms deposited along the southern part of the Wisconsin Valley Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the last part of the Wisconsin Glaciation. Madison, Wis: University of Wisconsin-Extension, Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, 1997.

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3

J, Ruegg G. H., ed. Geology and archaeology of ice-pushed Pleistocene deposits near Wageningen (The Netherlands). [s.l: s.n.], 1991.

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4

Taillant, Jorge Daniel. Glaciers. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199367252.001.0001.

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Though not traditionally thought of as strategic natural resources, glaciers are a crucial part of our global ecosystem playing a fundamental role in the sustaining of life around the world. Comprising three quarters of the world's freshwater, they freeze in the winter and melt in the summer, supplying a steady flow of water for agriculture, livestock, industry and human consumption. The white of glacier surfaces reflect sunrays which otherwise warm our planet. Without them, many of the planet's rivers would run dry shortly after the winter snow-melt. A single mid-sized glacier in high mountain environments of places like California, Argentina, India, Kyrgyzstan, or Chile can provide an entire community with a sustained flow of drinking water for generations. On the other hand, when global temperatures rise, not only does glacier ice wither away into the oceans and cease to act as water reservoirs, but these massive ice bodies can become highly unstable and collapse into downstream environments, resulting in severe natural events like glacier tsunamis and other deadly environmental catastrophes. But despite their critical role in environmental sustainability, glaciers often exist well outside our environmental consciousness, and they are mostly unprotected from atmospheric impacts of global warming or from soot deriving from transportation emissions, or from certain types of industrial activity such as mining, which has been shown to have devastating consequences for glacier survival. Glaciers: The Politics of Ice is a scientific, cultural, and political examination of the cryosphere -- the earth's ice -- and the environmental policies that are slowly emerging to protect it. Jorge Daniel Taillant discusses the debates and negotiations behind the passage of the world's first glacier-protection law in the mid-2000s, and reveals the tension that quickly arose between industry, politicians, and environmentalists when an international mining company proposed dynamiting three glaciers to get at gold deposits underneath. The book is a quest to educate general society about the basic science behind glaciers, outlines current and future risks to their preservation, and reveals the intriguing politics behind glacier melting debates over policies and laws to protect the resource. Taillant also makes suggestions on what can be done to preserve these crucial sources of fresh water, from both a scientific and policymaking standpoint. Glaciers is a new window into one of the earth's most crucial and yet most ignored natural resources, and a call to reawaken our interest in the world's changing climate.
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Частини книг з теми "Iced deposits"

1

Mayer, Erwin, and Rudolf Pletzer. "Polymorphism in Vapor Deposited Amorphous Solid Water." In Ices in the Solar System, 81–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5418-2_6.

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2

Lyså, Astrid, and Tore O. Vorren. "Ice-Contact Deposits in Fjords From Northern Norway." In Glaciated Continental Margins, 80–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5820-6_28.

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3

Lisitzin, Alexander P. "Recent Iceberg-Rafted and Cryophilic Biogenic Deposits of Antarctica." In Sea-Ice and Iceberg Sedimentation in the Ocean, 299–314. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-55905-1_10.

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Kolesnikov, A. I., and J. C. Li. "Neutron Spectroscopy of Vapour Deposited Amorphous Ice." In Ice Physics and the Natural Environment, 305–7. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60030-2_22.

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5

Hurlbert, Stuart H., and Cecily C. Y. Chang. "The distribution, structure, and composition of freshwater ice deposits in Bolivian salt lakes." In Saline Lakes, 271–99. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3095-7_22.

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6

Melnikov, E. S., and K. A. Kondratieva. "A circumarctic map of perennially frozen deposits and ground ices (scale 1: 10 000 000)." In Permafrost Response on Economic Development, Environmental Security and Natural Resources, 61–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0684-2_5.

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7

Blakey, D. M. "A Structural Study of Vapour Deposited Amorphous Ice by Neutron Diffraction." In Hydrogen Bond Networks, 381–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-8332-9_34.

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8

MacLean, Brian. "Thick Multiple Ice-contact Deposits Adjoining the Sill at the Entrance to Hudson Strait, Canada." In Glaciated Continental Margins, 88–89. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5820-6_32.

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9

Kasimov, Vasil, and Renat Minullin. "Determining the Type of Ice Deposits on Wires of Overhead Power Lines by Locational Method." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 113–21. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86047-9_12.

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10

Josenhans, Heiner. "Glacially Overdeepened Troughs and Ice Retreat ‘Till Tongue’ Deposits in Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia, Canada." In Glaciated Continental Margins, 40–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5820-6_9.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Iced deposits"

1

Laforte, Caroline, and Jean-Louis Laforte. "Tensile, Torsional and Bending Strain at the Adhesive Rupture of an Iced Substrate." In ASME 2009 28th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2009-79458.

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In order to develop an effective deicing device using mechanical deformation of substrates, the adhesive and/or cohesive strains of ice at rupture were measured for three different modes of solicitation: tensile, twisting and bending. A total of 108 icing/deicing tests were conducted with aluminum and nylon samples covered with hard rime ice deposits 2, 5, and 10 mm thick strained at various strains rates in brittle regime at −10°C. Real time deformation was precisely monitored using a strain gage fixed to the A1 interface, and force by means of load cells and a torque-meter. Deicing strain was determined at the time of ice detachment, which corresponds to a visible, instant change in the slope of stress-strain curves. The mean values of deicing strains, ε %, measured in tensile, torsion and bending experiments are respectively, 0.037 ± 0.015%, 0.043 ± 0.023% and 0.004 ± 0.003% As for adhesion strength, the highest values were obtained in tension, 4 MPa ± 50%, and the lowest in bending, 0.014 MPa ± 36%. In torsion, the value was intermediary, at 1.26 MPa ± 67%. Measurements also showed that deicing stress and strain tended to increase with substrate roughness, whereas they decrease with increasing ice thicknesses. In summary, this work points out the effects of two major factors on ice adhesion strength, the solicitation mode and the ice thickness. Finally these results suggest that the first criteria for a mechanical deicing device has to satisfy to be effective is to have the capacity to generating a strain at around 0.04% ice/substrate interface.
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2

Mellerowicz, Boleslaw, Kris Zacny, Joey Palmowski, Benjamin Bradley, Leo Stolov, Bernice Yen, Dara Sabahi, et al. "RedWater: Extraction of Water from Mars’ Ice Deposits." In ASCEND 2021. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2021-4038.

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3

Sokolov, K. O., N. D. Prudetckii, L. L. Fedorova, and D. V. Savvin. "GPR investigation of ice-filled cracks in loose deposits." In 2018 17th International Conference on Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icgpr.2018.8441661.

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4

Griffis, Neil, Isabel P. Montañez, Nicholas D. Fedorchuk, John L. Isbell, Roland Mundil, Fernando Vesely, Luiz Weinshultz, et al. "ISOTOPES TO ICE: CONSTRAINING PROVENANCE OF GLACIAL DEPOSITS AND ICE CENTERS IN WEST-CENTRAL GONDWANA." In GSA Annual Meeting in Seattle, Washington, USA - 2017. Geological Society of America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2017am-304461.

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5

Schröder, Stefan, Thomas Strunskus, Nicolai Ababii, Oleg Lupan, Nicolae Magariu, and Franz Faupel. "New vapor deposited dielectric polymer thin films for electronic applications." In 11th International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Computing. Technical University of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52326/ic-ecco.2021/el.02.

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Initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) is a solvent-free polymer thin film deposition process which can be used to produce high quality dielectric thin films with nanoscale control and circumvents thus these problems. This work demonstrates the versatility of the iCVD process in the field of electrical applications by some new application examples of iCVD coatings.
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6

Mank, Z. D., K. A. Zacny, D. Sabahi, M. J. Buchbinder, B. C. Bradley, L. A. Stolov, J. Sparta, et al. "RedWater: A Rodwell System to Extract Water from Martian Ice Deposits." In 17th Biennial International Conference on Engineering, Science, Construction, and Operations in Challenging Environments. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784483374.045.

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7

Kanzaki, Sho, Toshiaki Shibata, Seigo Kurosaka, Yukinori Oda, and Shigeo Hashimoto. "Barrier properties of electroless deposit of Co-W-P alloy." In 2019 International Conference on Electronics Packaging (ICEP). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/icep.2019.8733487.

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8

Evgin, E., and Z. Fu. "Numerical Analysis of Soil Response to Ice Scouring." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57293.

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Icebergs and ice ridges frequently scour the surface of seabed deposits. Ice scouring can be problematic for offshore pipelines and other seabed installations. In order to reduce the risk of failure, pipelines are buried in the seabed. However, a stationary or moving ice feature could cause a significant increase in stresses and deformation in the seabed soil deposits below the contact surface between the soil and the ice, and consequently, might result in structural failure of buried pipeline. Safe burial depth for pipelines has been the subject of both experimental and numerical studies. In this paper, two and three dimensional analyses are conducted using PLAXIS and ADINA. In these analyses, geometric and material nonlinearities are considered. In order to establish the validity of the finite element calculations, the experimental results reported in the literature and the numerical results obtained in the present study are compared. The emphasis is placed on determining the importance of (1) using interface elements between different materials such as soil and ice, soil and pipelines; (2) using the soil model correctly, and (3) using a three dimensional analysis rather than a two dimensional analysis. The changes taking placed in the deformation pattern and the stress states in the seabed soils resulting from ice scouring are determined. The effects of pipeline burial depth, the shape of the ice feature, and the characteristics of seabed soils on the stresses acting on the pipeline are evaluated.
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9

Souisa, Matheus, Sisca Madonna Sapulete, and Mygelin Soplanit. "Interpretation of the potential of laterite nickel deposits using resistivity data in Amahusu Village, Ambon City, Maluku." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENT (ICEE 2021). AIP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0060185.

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10

Iyerusalimskiy, Aleksandr, George Gu, Jun Zou, John Chianis, Brajesh Kumar, and Mohamed Sayed. "A Conceptual Study of Deep-Water Arctic Floater for Year-Round Drilling and Production." In SNAME 10th International Conference and Exhibition on Performance of Ships and Structures in Ice. SNAME, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/icetech-2012-133.

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The Arctic offshore may hold the largest undiscovered oil deposits which could account for up to 25% of the world’s undiscovered hydrocarbons based on Gautier et al (2009). Access to the deepwater deposits in the Arctic Ocean presents a special challenge. In the past four decades only shallow water drilling campaigns have been executed in relatively mild ice environments and have accumulated valuable drilling experience. To drill an exploratory well at a deepwater Arctic location, a floating drilling platform is required. Floating platform design poses significant challenges given the harsh ice loading conditions and the demand on the hull and mooring system strengths. In most of the deep water Arctic regions, the winter season is characterized by the presence of first-year ice, multi-year ice, and in some areas ice islands and icebergs. Compared to the environmental loads due to waves, winds and currents, ice actions (both forces and moments) are considerably higher and are the governing loads for deepwater Arctic systems. The capability of a floater mooring system to withstand ice loads is limited as compared to gravity based structures. One of the solutions is a disconnectable system utilizing the ability to disconnect the floater from the mooring system and move off site when the ice loads are forecasted to approach the design limit. As of today, several disconnectable floating system concepts have been proposed, such as disconnectable FPSO, non ship-shaped circular FPSO, Arctic Spar and semi-rigid floater. These concepts are either intended for relatively mild Arctic ice conditions or require long durations for disconnection and re-connection. This paper presents an innovative disconnectable floating platform concept for deepwater Arctic, which can perform exploratory, development drilling and potentially year-round production in various deep water Arctic locations. This design, like many other similar concepts, by limiting the design ice loads to a pre-defined level, enables reasonable hull and mooring system configurations within existing technology limits for an environment where the environmental loading seems to approach infinity in practical terms, if unmanaged. In the event of an excessive ice feature approaching, the innovative platform can be quickly disconnected and towed away, and can then be quickly re-connected once the ice feature has passed.
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Звіти організацій з теми "Iced deposits"

1

Boulianne-Verschelden, N., V. De Bronac de Vazelhes, I. McMartin, and G. Beaudoin. Surficial geology, Amaruq deposit area, Kivalliq Region, Nunavut, NTS 66-H southeast. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329418.

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The Amaruq deposit map area is a glacial landscape dominated by till deposits (72% of map area) forming transverse ridges, hummocky moraine, or plains of varying thickness, occasionally streamlined. Glacial lake sediments cover about 18% of the map area and form thick to thin deposits covering the till. They occur predominantly in lowlands and below approximately 140 m a.s.l., which is the elevation of the highest raised beaches located in the western part of the map area. Some of the glacial lake sediments could have been deposited in a marine environment during high sea levels following deglaciation. Sand and gravel deposits occur in subglacial meltwater corridors forming terraces, esker ridges, and small hummocks, or in proglacial outwash plains. The effects of meltwater at the base of the glacier or by currents and waves in proglacial lake and/or marine basins have resulted in winnowing of fine particles, reworking of sediments, and surface boulder concentrations. Streamlined till landforms and striations indicate that ice flow was dominantly to the north-northwest. This predominant flow was locally succeeded by northwest and west-northwest ice flows as indicated by crosscutting striations. A late deglacial ice-flow direction converging towards a major esker tunnel is observed east of the Amaruq deposit.
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2

Lougheed, H. D., M. B. McClenaghan, D. Layton-Matthews, and M. I. Leybourne. Indicator minerals in fine-fraction till heavy-mineral concentrates determined by automated mineral analysis: examples from two Canadian polymetallic base-metal deposits. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328011.

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Exploration under glacial sediment cover is a necessary part of modern mineral exploration in Canada. Traditional indicator methods use visual examination to identify mineral grains in the 250 to 2000 µm fraction of till heavy-mineral concentrates (HMC). This study tests automated mineralogical methods using scanning electron microscopy to identify indicator minerals in the fine (<250 µm) HMC fraction of till. Automated mineralogy of polished grains from the fine HMC enables rapid data collection (10 000-300 000 grains/sample). Samples collected near two deposits were used to test this method: four from the upper-amphibolite facies Izok Lake volcanogenic massive-sulfide deposit, Nunavut, and five from the Sisson granite-hosted W-Mo deposit, New Brunswick. The less than 250 µm HMC fraction of till samples collected down ice of each deposit contain ore and alteration minerals typical of their deposit type. Sulfide minerals occur mainly as inclusions in oxidation-resistant minerals, including minerals previously identified in each deposit's metamorphic alteration halo, and are found to occur farther down ice than the grains identified visually in the greater than 250 µm HMC fraction. This project's workflow expands the detectable footprint for certain indicator minerals and enhances the information that can be collected from till samples.
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3

Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Mara River, Nunavut, 76-K. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329667.

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The Mara River map area consists of extensive glacially and meltwater scoured bedrock, deposits of hummocky till, fluted till blanket, and till veneer throughout the map area, glaciofluvial sediments within major river valleys, and postglacial marine sediments in coastal lowlands. The boundaries of many till deposits were eroded to bedrock by proglacial and subglacial meltwater, and locally northwest-trending corridors are defined by eskers. Glacially dammed lakes, associated with deltas between 450 m and 230 m elevation, occupied some river valleys where retreating or stagnant ice impeded drainage to the east and north. Striations and streamlined landforms indicate a north-northwestward regional ice flow in the eastern and northern regions, diverging to a west-southwestward flow in the western regions. A series of glaciomarine and marine deltas, and fine-grained sediments record the marine incursion up to 200 m elevation. Isostatic rebound caused marine regression, forming deltas between 200 m and 60 m, and raised beaches from 150 m elevation to current sea level.
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4

Dredge, L. A. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Joe Lake north, Nunavut, NTS 66-J north. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329417.

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The northwest part of the Joe Lake North map area is dominated by glaciated granitic and gneissic bedrock, and small lake basins. The remainder of the area is gently rolling terrain consisting of a major north-trending drumlin field, four esker systems, and marine deposits that lie between the drumlins. Postglacial marine deposits occupy much of the terrain in the north part of the map area. The limit of postglacial marine submergence is at about 180 m a.s.l. in the southwest, and at about 170 m elsewhere, as determined by wave-washed trimlines on drumlins, and several ice-contact deltas on eskers. Well formed beaches are rare, but drumlins have been reworked to varying degrees. Those at higher elevations in the south have been only slightly modified by postglacial seas, whereas those at lower elevations in the north are covered by a veneer of marine deposits.
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5

O'Neill, H. B., S. A. Wolfe, and C. Duchesne. Preliminary modelling of ground ice abundance in the Slave Geological Province, Northwest Territories and Nunavut. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329815.

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New infrastructure corridors within the Slave Geological Province could provide transportation, electric, and communications links to mineral-rich areas of northern Canada, and connect southern highway systems and Arctic shipping routes. Relatively little information on permafrost and ground ice is available compared to other regions, particularly in the north of the corridor. Improved knowledge of permafrost and ground ice conditions is required to inform planning and management of infrastructure. Work within the Geological Survey of Canada's (GSC) GEM-GeoNorth program includes mapping periglacial terrain features, synthesizing existing permafrost and surficial data, and modelling ground ice conditions along the Yellowknife-Grays Bay corridor. Here we present initial modelling of ground ice abundance in the region using a methodology developed for the national scale Ground ice map of Canada (GIMC), and higher resolution surficial geology mapping. The results highlight the increased estimated abundance of potentially ice-rich deposits compared to the GIMC when using more detailed surficial geology as model inputs.
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Smith, I. R., R. C. Paulen, and G W Hagedorn. Surficial geology, northeastern Cameron Hills, Northwest Territories, NTS 85-C/3, 4, 5, and 6. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328129.

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The northeastern Cameron Hills comprise a Cretaceous bedrock upland, rising >550 m above the regional boreal plains. It was inundated by the Laurentide Ice Sheet and includes much of a prominent 60 by 20 km southwest-oriented mega-scale glacial lineation field, formed in thick till. Subsequent ice flow on northeast Cameron Hills occurred north to south, and a series of lobate and ice-thrust moraines suggest glacial surging. Rotational bedrock slumps cover the eastern and northern flanks of Cameron Hills, and extensive alluvial fan deposits draining from these slopes blanket the surrounding topography. The Cameron River formed as a glacial spillway, draining southwest across the upland before turning north and draining into Tathlina Lake. An expansive raised delta and glaciolacustrine sediment cover extending up to ~295 m above sea level, south of Tathlina Lake, records impoundment of an ice-marginal lake between the northeastward-retreating Laurentide Ice Sheet and Cameron Hills.
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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Tinney Hills, Nunavut, NTS 76-J. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321821.

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The Tinney Hills map area consists primarily of glacially and meltwater scoured bedrock, discontinuous till in the southwest and central-east, and postglacial marine sediments in coastal lowlands and along river valleys inland. The boundaries of many till deposits are cut to bedrock by widespread subglacial meltwater erosion. Ridged till in particular, is often associated with eskers and other glaciofluvial sediments and meltwater erosion. Striations and streamlined till landforms indicate regional ice flow towards the north-northwest and northwest, and later crosscutting relationships recording minor variations locally. Orientation of eskers and outwash plains suggest ice recession was primarily southeastward. Small, isolated glacial lakes formed where retreating or stagnant ice temporarily blocked local drainage. Below 200 to 220 m elevation, the region was inundated by the sea during ice retreat. Glaciomarine and marine sediments consist of littoral beach and offshore sediments, winnowed till surfaces, and isolated deltas. Isostatic rebound caused marine regression, recorded by deltas and beaches at 210 to 220 m elevation, and decreasing to current sea level.
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Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Arctic Sound, Nunavut, NTS 76-N. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/321440.

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Анотація:
The Arctic Sound map area consists primarily of glacially scoured bedrock, minor till in the southwest, and postglacial marine sediments in coastal lowlands and inland along river valleys. The till deposits are cut to bedrock by subglacial meltwater corridors defined by eskers and other glaciofluvial sediments. Glacial lakes occupied the James River valley where retreating or stagnant ice blocked drainage to the east. Glaciolacustrine deltas record falling lake levels, from 310 m to 290 m and 260 m elevation. Striations and streamlined landforms indicate ice flow to the north-northwest, and later crosscutting relationships recording minor variations locally. Orientation of minor moraines, eskers, and outwash plains suggest ice recession was primarily southeastward. A series of small glaciomarine deltas following a northwest-southeast trend, and postglacial marine deltas and fine-grained sediments, reach elevations of 210 m in the northwest and 200 m in the southeast. Isostatic rebound caused marine regression, forming raised beaches from 210 m elevation to current sea level.
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9

Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Sloan River, Northwest Territories-Nunavut, NTS 86-K. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/329452.

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Анотація:
The glaciated landscape of the Sloan River map area records evidence of old southwestward ice flow, followed by younger dominant northwestward flow in northernmost areas, and westward to west-southwestward flow in central and southern regions. Glacially and meltwater-scoured bedrock dominates the map area, with various till deposits discontinuously covering northern regions. Eskers and other glaciofluvial sediments define a poorly developed meltwater system, ranging in orientation from westward to northwestward. Meltwater channels show broader ranges of paleoflow directions in topographic highs. During deglaciation, which began about 10.5 ka BP, discontinuous north-south-trending recessional moraines were formed, defining a former margin of stagnating ice. Moraines in the northeast may represent the northern extension of the Forcier Moraine. Glaciolacustrine sediments associated with glacial Lake McConnell occur in the west, up to 300 m elevation. Other unrelated, isolated glaciolacustrine deltas, including those in the Coppermine River valley, occur further east up to 425 m elevation.
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10

Kerr, D. E. Reconnaissance surficial geology, Keller Lake, Northwest Territories, NTS 95-P. Natural Resources Canada/CMSS/Information Management, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/328293.

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Анотація:
The Keller Lake map area contains three glacial terrains. First, ridged and fluted till cover the northeast region above 300 m elevation. Second, streamlined till, including mega-scale glacial lineations, and till plain with an extensive organic cover, dominate a low-lying basin in the north-central and central regions. Third, till blanket, ridged till, and undifferentiated till cover the highlands at 375 to 575 m elevation in the southeast, south, and west. A dominant regional northwestward ice flow first crossed the map area. Subsequently, an ice stream developed late during deglaciation, creating northwesterly oriented mega-scale glacial lineations in north-central regions. Late shifts in ice flow in the northeastern highlands also resulted in west-northwestward flutings superimposed on older northwestward-trending drumlinoids. Retreating remnant ice deposited minor moraines and other ridges over fluted till. In the extreme southeast, glacial Lake McConnell inundated lowlands to 275 m elevation, following retreat of southwesterly flowing ice. Meltwater corridors and glaciofluvial sediments are more prevalent in western regions and record variable flow directions.
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