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Статті в журналах з теми "Ice-wind loads"
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Krishnasamy, Samy, and S. Kulendran. "Combined wind and ice loads from historical extreme wind and ice data." Atmospheric Research 46, no. 1-2 (April 1998): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8095(97)00055-0.
Повний текст джерела
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Sun, Yu, and Xiu Li Wang. "Extreme Weather Loading Risk Model of Overhead Transmission Line." Advanced Materials Research 383-390 (November 2011): 2005–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.383-390.2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Power grid suffers tremendous economic loss in extreme ice disaster weather, suggesting that it lacks immediate precautionary system. On the basis of the standards of Q/GDW179-2008 and IEC60826-2003, the curve of transmission line design loads is built up. In view of ransom character for load-strength of transmission line, according to load-strength interference theory, a short-term wind and ice loading risk model is established, which is a time-dependent wind and ice loading model, and can be calculated unreliability probability and fault rate, showing risks about cluster fault and common fault. Furthermore, wind and ice loads are divided into five states, which show risk margin of loads. It also can provide precautionary information for operator, and can present risk measurement on time scale.
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Zhou, Li, Shifeng Ding, Ming Song, Junliang Gao, and Wei Shi. "A Simulation of Non-Simultaneous Ice Crushing Force for Wind Turbine Towers with Large Slopes." Energies 12, no. 13 (July 7, 2019): 2608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12132608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When the offshore wind energy industry attempts to develop in cold regions, ice load becomes the main technological challenge for offshore wind turbine foundation design. Dynamic ice loads acting on wind turbine foundations should be calculated in a reasonable way. The scope of this study is to present a numerical model that considers the non-simultaneous ice crushing failure acting on the vertical structure of a wind turbine’s foundation. The local ice crushing force at the contact surface between the ice sheet and structure is calculated. The boundary of the ice sheet is updated at each time step based on the indentation length of the ice sheet according to its structure. Ice loads are validated against two model tests with three different structure models developed by other researchers. The time series of the ice forces derived from the simulation and model tests are compared. The proposed numerical model can capture the main trends of ice–wind turbine foundation interaction. The simulation results agree well with measured data from the model tests in terms of maximum ice force, which is a key factor for wind turbine design. The proposed model will be helpful for assisting the initial design of wind turbine foundations in cold regions.
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Wahba, Yohanna M. F., Murty K. S. Madugula, and Gerard R. Monforton. "Limit states design of antenna towers." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 21, no. 6 (December 1, 1994): 913–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l94-097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Canadian Standard CAN/CSA-S37-M86 “Antennas, towers and antenna supporting structures” follows a quasi-limit states approach in which the member forces determined for specified loads are multiplied by a unified factor and compared with factored resistances given in CAN3-S16.1-M84. This results in designs basically the same as those resulting from a working stress design with a factor of safety of 5/3. Such structures exhibit a non-linear structural behaviour even under service loads. Thus the effect of ice accretion and direct interaction between wind and ice does not permit the load factors specified in CAN/CSA-S16.1-M89 “Limit states design of steel structures” to be directly applied to antenna supporting structures.In this study, 41 different towers (representing various heights and designed for different ice classes and wind pressures) were analyzed under specified loads and then under a set of factored loads. From the comparison of the design forces in the towers with those calculated according to the existing standard, a set of partial load factors was derived. The new load factors to be used in the 1993 edition of S37 are presented and justified. Key words: antenna towers, guyed towers, ice and wind loads, limit states design, self-supporting towers, working stress design.
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Ye, Kehua, Chun Li, Fudong Chen, Zifei Xu, Wanfu Zhang, and Junwei Zhang. "Floating Ice Load Reduction of Offshore Wind Turbines by Two Approaches." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 18, no. 10 (October 2018): 1850129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455418501298.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The offshore wind turbines (OWTs) constructed at the northern sea areas under cold climate are frequently subjected to floating ice loads. It is imperative to reduce the damage owing to the floating ice with some appropriate approaches. The purpose of this paper is to ascertain the effectiveness of the tuned mass damper (TMD) and the ice-breaking cone for reducing floating ice loads on OWTs. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory's (NREL) 5 MW OWT, which is treated as a multibody system with rigid and flexible parts, is adopted as the example model here. The multiple loads taken into consideration in the fully coupled simulation include floating ice and turbulent wind. The aerodynamic load acting on the blades is solved by the blade element momentum method based on a full-field turbulent wind farm generated by the Kaimal spectrum. The Matlock model and the Ralston model are adopted for evaluating the floating ice loads on the cylindrical and conical structures, respectively. The TMD system in the nacelle and the ice-breaking cone on the tower at the mean sea level are the two load reduction approaches of concern in this paper. A weak aeroelastic simulation of the OWT model is conducted. The solution of flexibility effectiveness depends on some accurate mode shapes by the linear modal representation. Finally, Kane's method is used for predicting the motion of the whole OWT. The relevant results reveal some positive effectiveness of the TMD system and the ice-breaking cone for reducing the floating ice load. The displacement of tower top decreases significantly with the utilization of the two approaches. The TMD system has a better performance for the side-side displacement than the fore-aft displacement. By switching the ice failure mode from crushing to bending, the ice-breaking cone reduces the floating load more effectively than the TMD system. It affects equally significantly the fore-aft and side-side displacements.
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Braun, Moritz, Alfons Dörner, Kane F. ter Veer, Tom Willems, Marc Seidel, Hayo Hendrikse, Knut V. Høyland, Claas Fischer, and Sören Ehlers. "Development of Combined Load Spectra for Offshore Structures Subjected to Wind, Wave, and Ice Loading." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020559.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Fixed offshore wind turbines continue to be developed for high latitude areas where not only wind and wave loads need to be considered but also moving sea ice. Current rules and regulations for the design of fixed offshore structures in ice-covered waters do not adequately consider the effects of ice loading and its stochastic nature on the fatigue life of the structure. Ice crushing on such structures results in ice-induced vibrations, which can be represented by loading the structure using a variable-amplitude loading (VAL) sequence. Typical offshore load spectra are developed for wave and wind loading. Thus, a combined VAL spectrum is developed for wind, wave, and ice action. To this goal, numerical models are used to simulate the dynamic ice-, wind-, and wave-structure interaction. The stress time-history at an exemplarily selected critical point in an offshore wind energy monopile support structure is extracted from the model and translated into a VAL sequence, which can then be used as a loading sequence for the fatigue assessment or fatigue testing of welded joints of offshore wind turbine support structures. This study presents the approach to determine combined load spectra and standardized time series for wind, wave, and ice action.
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Song, Ming, Wei Shi, Zhengru Ren, and Li Zhou. "Numerical Study of the Interaction between Level Ice and Wind Turbine Tower for Estimation of Ice Crushing Loads on Structure." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7120439.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this paper, the interaction between level ice and wind turbine tower is simulated by the explicit nonlinear code LS-DYNA. The isotropic elasto-plastic material model is used for the level ice, in which ice crushing failure is considered. The effects of ice mesh size and ice failure strain on ice forces are investigated. The results indicate that these parameters have a significant effect on the ice crushing loads. To validate and benchmark the numerical simulations, experimental data on level ice-wind turbine tower interactions are used. First, the failure strains of the ice models with different mesh sizes are calibrated using the measured maximum ice force from one test. Next, the calibrated ice models with different mesh sizes are applied for other tests, and the simulated results are compared to corresponding model test data. The effects of the impact speed and the size of wind turbine tower on the comparison between the simulated and measured results are studied. The comparison results show that the numerical simulations can capture the trend of the ice loads with the impact speed and the size of wind turbine tower. When a mesh size of ice model is 1.5 times the ice thickness, the simulations can give more accurate estimations in terms of maximum ice loads for all tests, i.e., good agreement between the simulated and measured results is achieved.
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Fu, Ping, and Masoud Farzaneh. "Simulation of the ice accretion process on a transmission line cable with differential twisting." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 34, no. 2 (February 1, 2007): 147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l06-109.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Cable rotation caused by ice accretion was specifically modelled and simulated for this paper. Both ice loads and wind-on-ice loads were taken into account during the modelling, and the quantity for the wind-on-ice loads was obtained by integrating air pressure and air shear along the airflow boundary. Air pressure and air shear were both evaluated through time-dependent airflow computations. Two types of overhead transmission line cables, namely, the Bersimis cable and an overhead ground wire, were examined using the new model, and a number of conclusions were drawn. The validity and reliability of the modelling methods were confirmed by comparing the simulation results with those obtained from experimental measurements.Key words: airflow computation, cable rotation, ice accretion, computer modelling, simulation.
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Alshannaq, Ammar A., Lawrence C. Bank, David W. Scott, and Russell Gentry. "A Decommissioned Wind Blade as a Second-Life Construction Material for a Transmission Pole." Construction Materials 1, no. 2 (July 7, 2021): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/constrmater1020007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper demonstrates the concept of adaptive repurposing of a portion of a decommissioned Clipper C96 wind turbine blade as a pole in a power transmission line application. The current research program is aimed at creating a path towards sustainable repurposing of wind turbine blades after they are removed from service. The present work includes modelling and analysis of expected load cases as prescribed in ASCE 74 and NESC using simplified boundary conditions for tangent pole applications. Load cases involving extreme wind, concurrent ice and wind, extreme ice, differential ice, broken conductor, and broken shield have been analyzed and governing load cases for bending, shear, and torsion have been examined. Relative stiffnesses of different parts forming the wind blade’s cross section (i.e., shell, web, and spar cap) are determined. The corresponding stresses associated with each part under the governing loads are compared to allowable strength values which are determined from composite laminate theory and modelling of the known laminate structure of the E-Glass FRP material. Stresses and deflections obtained are compared with governing reliability-based design criteria and code requirements. The results of the structural analysis indicate that the wind blade can resist the expected loads with reasonable safety factors and that the expected deflections are within permissible limits. Recommendations are provided for detailing and modification of the wind blade for a power pole application in which crossarm and davit connections are highlighted, and foundation details are emphasized.
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Krishnasamy, S. Samy G., and M. Tabatabai. "Wind loads on bare and ice-covered overhead conductors." Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics 36 (January 1990): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6105(90)90302-s.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Ice-wind loads"
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Wells, Eric M. "An Assessment of Surface Ice Sheet Loads and Their Effects on an Offshore Wind Turbine Structure." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1345214125.
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Меркотан, Роман Андрійович. "Захист проводів повітряних ліній електропередавання від галопування та ожеледно-вітрових навантажень". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/23285.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Магістерська дисертація складається з пояснювальної записки на 106 сторінках та графічної частини на 8 листах. В роботі наведено 46 рисунків та 13 таблиць. Робота містить такі розділи: 1. Загальні відомості щодо ожеледно-вітрових навантажень та коливань проводів ПЛ. 2. Моделювання коливань проводів ПЛ з урахуванням ожеледно-вітрових навантажень. 3. Методи та засоби захисту ПЛ від вібрації та галопування. 4. Методи та засоби захисту ПЛ від ожеледно-вітрових навантажень. Актуальність роботи: Одним з найголовніших принципів сучасної енергетики є забезпечення надійної та безперебійної роботи обладнання електроенергетичних систем і електричних мереж. Для повітряних ліній електропередавання одним з актуальних є питання їх захисту від зовнішніх впливів природного походження, таких як вітрові та ожеледно-вітрові навантаження. У зарубіжних країнах немає єдиної методики нормування розрахункових кліматичних умов для проведення їх районування за інтенсивністю ожеледоутворення, тому питання організації боротьби з різними видами відкладень на проводах ліній електропередавання на сьогоднішній день поставлене першочергово і є дуже актуальним. Для швидкого та точного вирішення цього питання необхідним є уточнення всіх існуючих знань та матеріалів щодо вітрових та ожел едно-вітрових навантажень, створення комп'ютерних моделей аналізу та прогнозування даних відкладень на проводах ліній електропередавання і створення нових методів та типів захисту ліній електропередавання від впливів природного походження Мета дисертаційної роботи: Аналіз і вивчення повного циклу виникнення ожеледних відкладень на лініях електропередавання з врахуванням впливу дії вітру, аналіз впливу та створення комп'ютерної моделі ожеледно-вітрових навантажень на проводи ліній електропередавання, запропонування методик та типів захисту ліній електропередавання від ожеледно-вітрових навантажень. Об’єкт дослідження: проводи повітряних ліній електропередавання усіх класів номінальних напруг. Предмет дослідження: процес виникнення ожеледних відкладень під дією вітру та їх вплив на проводи ліній електропередавання усіх класів номінальних напруг. Ключові слова: проводи ліній електропередавання, ожеледні відкладення, ожеледоутворення, ожеледно-вітрові навантаження, захист від ожеледно-вітрових навантажень.The master's dissertation consists of an explanatory note on 106 pages and graphic part on 8 paper. There are 46 pictures and 13 tables. The work contains the following sections: 1. General information on ice-wind loads and fluctuations of wires. 2. Modeling of fluctuations of wires of the power lines, taking into account the ice-wind loads. 3. Methods and means of protection of the submarine from vibration and galloping. 4. Methods and means of protection of submarines from ice-wind loads. Actuality of work: One of the most important principles of modern energy is to ensure reliable and uninterrupted operation of equipment of electric power systems and electric networks. One of the most urgent issues is to protect them from external influences of natural origin, such as wind and ice-wind loads. In foreign countries there is no uniform method of normalization of the calculated climatic conditions for their zoning based on the intensity of ice-forming, so the issue of organizing the fight against various types of deposits on the lines of transmission lines has been put to the fore today and is very topical. In order to quickly and accurately resolve this issue, it is necessary to clarify all existing knowledge and materials concerning wind and ice-wind loads, to create computer models of analysis and forecasting of these deposits on wires of power transmission lines and to create new methods and types of protection of transmission lines from natural influences. The purpose of the dissertation work: Analysis and study of the full cycle of occurrence of iced deposits on transmission lines, taking into account the influence of the wind, impact analysis and the creation of a computer model of ice-wind loads on the transmission lines, offering methods and types of protection of transmission lines from ice-wind loads. Object of research: conducting of overhead transmission lines of all classes of nominal voltages. Subject of research: the process of occurrence of iced ice deposits under the influence of wind and their influence on conduction lines of electric power transmission of all classes of nominal voltages.
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Hao, Nguyen Anh. "Parallel lamella dome under wind and snow loads." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/101117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A well structured computer program has been developed to perform geometrically nonlinear finite element analysis of space trusses and to study the sensitivity of parallel lamella dome under wind and snow loads. The modified Riks/Wempner method is used to perform the prebuckling and postbuckling analysis. The European Convention for Constructional Steelwork (ECCS code) is used as the code of practice for design wind pressures on domes.
Failures of domes have occurred during snow storms and have attributed to heavy local snow concentrations. Most codes of practice do not provide design wind and snow loads for domes, and a few international codes do show significant differences in the distributions of design wind pressure for domes. Moreover, current design practices for domes do not reflect the possibility of heavy local snow concentrations. Since wind load data is widely varied among the codes, and specific information on local snow concentrations is not available, the study of the behavior of a full-size lamella dome under different wind pressures and various snow distributions will be carried out with the finite element analysis, and critical load combinations will be obtained with the aid of stability boundary. The proposed study is expected to provide guidelines for the determination of critical wind and snow load conditions.M.S.
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Uherek, Jan. "Statická a dynamická analýzy ocelové konstrukce." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2020. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-409745.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The thesis deals with a description and a static and dynamic analysis for an existing construction of lookout tower. The steel watchtower is located in Město Albrechtice and is made up of two lattice towers connected by a bridge. Main point was to create calculation models for the purpose of dynamic and static analysis, in the software SCIA Engineer 19.1, which is based on the principle of finite element method. Attention was paid to load created by winds according to Eurocode 1 and Eurocode 3, glaze and rime ice load and dynamic coefficient calculation. The thesis also includes an assesment of selected parts of the construction according to Eurocodes.
Частини книг з теми "Ice-wind loads"
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Van Der Tempel, J., N. F. B. Diepeveen, W. E. De Vries, and D. Cerda Salzmann. "Offshore environmental loads and wind turbine design: impact of wind, wave, currents and ice." In Wind Energy Systems, 463–78. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1533/9780857090638.4.463.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ice-wind loads"
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King, Tony, Freeman Ralph, Mark Fuglem, Paul Stuckey, Jan Thijssen, Ian Turnbull, Yujian Huang, et al. "Ice Risk Analysis for Floating Wind Turbines, Offshore Newfoundland and Labrador." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31716-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The move to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the offshore hydrocarbons production industry has resulted in a growing interest in the possibility of using offshore wind to reduce on-platform power generation. While some offshore areas are progressing towards or planning for the use of offshore wind to electrify hydrocarbon producing platforms, they do not have the challenges associated with Newfoundland & Labrador's offshore environment.This region is prone to incursions by icebergs and pack ice, which would present a risk to offshore wind turbines. Analysis approachesto assess these risks, along with preliminary results, are presented herefor floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT). An area of interest (AOI), covering 45°N to 51°N and 45°W to 51°W, was defined covering all development licenses on the Grand Banks, Flemish Pass and Orphan Basin. Iceberg and pack ice contact rates and loads were calculated using data from the Nalcor NESS Metocean database, Canadian Ice Service (CIS) ice charts and satellite imagery. Ice loads corresponding to 50-year return periods levels were assessed, with and without ice management, giving a basis for determining whether ice management and/or disconnection capabilities are required. The frequency and severity of atmospheric icing of turbines was also modelled using available data and models.
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King, Tony, Freeman Ralph, Mark Fuglem, Paul Stuckey, Jan Thijssen, Ian Turnbull, Yujian Huang, et al. "Ice Risk Analysis for Floating Wind Turbines, Offshore Newfoundland and Labrador." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31716-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The move to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the offshore hydrocarbons production industry has resulted in a growing interest in the possibility of using offshore wind to reduce on-platform power generation. While some offshore areas are progressing towards or planning for the use of offshore wind to electrify hydrocarbon producing platforms, they do not have the challenges associated with Newfoundland & Labrador's offshore environment.This region is prone to incursions by icebergs and pack ice, which would present a risk to offshore wind turbines. Analysis approachesto assess these risks, along with preliminary results, are presented herefor floating offshore wind turbines (FOWT). An area of interest (AOI), covering 45°N to 51°N and 45°W to 51°W, was defined covering all development licenses on the Grand Banks, Flemish Pass and Orphan Basin. Iceberg and pack ice contact rates and loads were calculated using data from the Nalcor NESS Metocean database, Canadian Ice Service (CIS) ice charts and satellite imagery. Ice loads corresponding to 50-year return periods levels were assessed, with and without ice management, giving a basis for determining whether ice management and/or disconnection capabilities are required. The frequency and severity of atmospheric icing of turbines was also modelled using available data and models.
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Hendrikse, Hayo, Frank W. Renting, and Andrei V. Metrikine. "Analysis of the Fatigue Life of Offshore Wind Turbine Generators Under Combined Ice- and Aerodynamic Loading." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23884.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A modelled wind turbine generator subjected to combined ice- and aerodynamic loading is analyzed with the focus on its fatigue lifetime. A comparison is made between the prediction of a combined analysis, taking both ice- and wind loads into account simultaneously, and a superposition analysis, computing the response of the structure as a result of ice and wind loading separately. The accumulated fatigue damage is computed considering different descriptions of the ice load. Prescribed ice load curves from current design standards, as well as phenomenological models for the prediction of dynamic ice-structure interaction are employed. Results show that the superposition method underpredicts the accumulated fatigue damage in the range of frequency lock-in, but only when phenomenological models, which are more advanced than those recommended by the design standards, are used to model the ice load. Furthermore the predicted fatigue damage computed using the design standards for the description of the ice load is found to be much larger than that resulting from the application of the phenomenological models. It is concluded that the combined analysis is desired when phenomenological models are applied. Furthermore, improvement of the predictive capabilities of such models might ultimately lead to a reduction of the predicted fatigue damage accumulation of the combined ice- and aerodynamic load case, as compared to the current prescribed methods in standards.
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Jinlin, Hou, and Shao Weidong. "Structural Optimization for the Ice-Resistance Platform in Bohai Bay." In ASME 2014 33rd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2014-23607.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bohai Bay is a major offshore oil and gas production area in China, a number of oil and gas fields are located there. The offshore facilities in this area are subject to ice loads in the winter, and the ice loads on the platform are one of the major concerns in the structural design in this area. The loads include ice impact, ice-induced-vibration and floating ice influence to the offshore operations. Compared to the loads combination of wind, wave and current, the ice load may be the governing loading condition in the structural design. The ice induced vibration to the production facilities and the living quarters may also seriously affect safety and the health of the operating personnel. This paper briefly introduces the development history of the ice-resistance platform design in Bohai Bay, and based on previous experience, the ice loads calculation method, the structure configuration of primary steel, the appurtenance arrangement and the conical structure at ice abrasive zones are discussed to optimize the ice-resistance capability. The material selection and different vibration mitigation methods are also discussed in this paper. Although significant progress has been made on the ice-resistance platform design, the problems still remain such as the floating ice accumulation around well slots. Further study on ice-induced vibration is necessary. This paper summarizes the main issues and challenges in the ice-resistance platforms and proposes the key points for future development. This paper also provides helpful references to the design and optimization of the offshore platform in an ice active environment.
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Marshall, Nugent, Hemeon, and Haldar. "Applying MATLAB and C to monitor wind and ice loads on a test transmission line." In Proceedings of Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering CCECE-94. IEEE, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccece.1994.405637.
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Zhao, Xinze, Zhicheng Fu, Meiyun Zhao, Lei Wang, and Yang Wu. "Mechanics Analysis of 110kV Suspension-Type Composite Insulators in Ice Coating and Wind Loads Conditions." In 2015 International Symposium on Material, Energy and Environment Engineering. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ism3e-15.2015.53.
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Gill, Alistair E., and Ramsay Fraser. "Challenges in the Design of an Offshore Wind Turbine Foundation for Arctic Conditions." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28307.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
NEG Micon’s Yttre Stengrund Offshore Wind Turbines in the Kalmarsund, Sweden, are supported on unique foundations designed by AMEC. The chosen foundation comprised a steel monopile secured into a rock socket drilled out beneath a deep layer of overlying soil. Sea-ice loading and fatigue governed the design. To minimise the sea-ice loads the foundation was fitted with an ice protection shield. In order to achieve the required fatigue life, time domain simulations were conducted to determine the response of the turbine to combined wind and wave action. Details of the fatigue analyses and methods used to calculate the sea-ice loading are presented herein.
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Mintu, Shafiul, and David Molyneux. "Experimental Study of Combined Wave and Ice Loads on a Fixed Offshore Structure." In ASME 2021 40th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2021-66442.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Ice floes in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) are exposed to wind, wave, and current forces which greatly influence the dynamics of the ice floes. ISO 19906 recommends considering combined wave and ice actions while designing offshore structures for arctic and cold regions. Few studies have focused on ice-structure interactions in waves. There are not many tools available to estimate these combined loads on structures. A numerical tool “SAMICE” has been developed to simulate the hydrodynamics of wave-ice interactions, but there exists a lack of data for a realistic MIZ under wave actions for validation studies of the numerical code. To address this gap and to investigate the hydrodynamics of ice floes under waves, a set of experiments was conducted at the wave tank of Ocean Engineering Research Center (OERC) of Memorial University of Newfoundland. A six-component dynamometer was used to measure the loads on a model scale aluminum cylindrical gravity-based offshore structure. Loads were measured for five regular waves of various steepness in combination with three current speeds. Two ice concentrations with various floe sizes of random shapes were prepared from polypropylene sheets to represent the MIZ. Most of the tests were repeated three times and a statistical approach was used to analyze the loads. The preliminary analysis shows that the average wave-ice loads may be determined by ISO guidelines, but the predictions of impulse loads from individual wave-driven ice floes are very uncertain.
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Murray, John, and Chunqun Ji. "Spar Technology for Arctic Region Challenges." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67415.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Arctic deepwater regions present special criteria for platform designs. These criteria include the ability to resist local and global loads from ice in addition to the loads conveyed by waves, wind and current. In some cases, a platform has to be moved to avoid contact with ice. This paper addresses the technical feasibility of a Spar design that can be disconnected from its mooring and riser system and towed out of the path of an encroaching iceberg. The paper also examines motions of the hull and load in the mooring lines in extreme loading conditions. The hull and mooring are sized for 100-year hurricane conditions in the North Atlantic region. Estimates of pack ice loading are compared to the responses and results show that the maximum mooring loads are governed by 100-year hurricane conditions and not the ice conditions. The paper presents conceptual design for quick release mooring and riser systems and preliminary dimension analyses of various components are provided.
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Ziemer, Gesa, Karl-Ulrich Evers, and Christian Voosen. "Influence of Structural Compliance and Slope Angle on Ice Loads and Dynamic Response of Conical Structures." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-41769.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Model tests in ice have been conducted at the Large Ice Basin of HSVA with cylindrical and conical, compliant structures exposed to drifting level ice to investigate the influence of slope and compliance on the ice load and its breaking frequency. Main goal of the test campaign was to study the importance of structural feedback during ice-cone interaction. This is a major issue e.g. for numerical simulation of offshore structures during design phase. Four shapes were tested: 50°, 60°, 80° and 90° slope angle. The cylinder was tested in order to define the worst case scenario regarding magnitude of ice load and severity of ice-induced vibrations. Stiffness and natural frequency of the structure were chosen similar to typical values for offshore wind turbine support structures. All shapes were tested both in a compliant and fixed configuration. The breaking frequency was found to be more pronounced for the lower slope angles where the ice failed in flexural failure only, while a transition to crushing failure as observed on a cylindrical structure takes place at 80° cone angle already. This results in significantly higher ice loads on the 80° cone than on those with lower angles, but a reduced risk of severe ice-structure interaction due to the unsteady nature of the mixed mode breaking process. Although the breaking frequency is rather constant e.g. during ice impact on the 60° cone, it was not possible during the model tests to match the ice drift speed and the dynamics of the structure in a way that causes resonance. However, model test results prove that there is a risk of conical structures with low natural frequencies and low stiffness in ice plane being excited by periodic ice failure in their natural frequency, thus response amplification may take place and pose a risk to the structural integrity of conical offshore structures exposed to sea ice. This paper presents the model test setup, analysis of the results, and general findings.