Статті в журналах: "Hypothetical case"

1

FURMAN, JOSEPH M. "A Hypothetical Case Workup for Vertigo." Neurology Today 8, no. 11 (June 2008): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.nt.0000324687.95983.52.

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2

Davis, Peter. "A Hypothetical Case of Compassionate Supply." Health Care Analysis 4, no. 3 (August 1996): 220–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1042(199608)4:3<220::aid-hca1188>3.0.co;2-t.

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3

Bobzien, Susanne. "Wholly Hypothetical Syllogisms." Phronesis 45, no. 2 (2000): 87–137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852800510144.

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AbstractIn antiquity we encounter a distinction of two types of hypothetical syllogisms. One type are the 'mixed hypothetical syllogisms'. The other type is the one to which the present paper is devoted. These arguments went by the name of 'wholly hypothetical syllogisms'. They were thought to make up a self-contained system of valid arguments. Their paradigm case consists of two conditionals as premisses, and a third as conclusion. Their presentation, either schematically or by example, varies in different authors. For instance, we find 'If (it is) A, (it is) B; if (it is) B, (it is) C; therefore, if (it is) A, (it is) C'. The main contentious point about these arguments is what the ancients thought their logical form was. Are A, B, C schematic letters for terms or propositions? Is 'is', where it occurs, predicative, existential, or veridical? That is, should 'Α στι' be translated as 'it is an A', 'A exists', 'As exist' or 'It is true/the case that A'? If A, B, C are term letters, and 'is' is predicative, are the conditionals quanti ed propositions or do they contain designators? If one cannot answer these questions, one can hardly claim to know what sort of arguments the wholly hypothetical syllogisms were. In fact, all the above-mentioned possibilities have been taken to describe them correctly. In this paper I argue that it would be mistaken to assume that in antiquity there was one prevalent understanding of the logical form of these arguments even if the ancients thought they were all talking about the same kind of argument. Rather, there was a complex development in their understanding, starting from a term-logical conception and leading to a propositional-logical one. I trace this development from Aristotle to Philoponus and set out the deductive system on which the logic of the wholly hypothetical syllogisms was grounded.

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4

Ash, J. S., J. G. Anderson, P. N. Gorman, R. D. Zielstorff, N. Norcross, J. Pettit, and P. Yao. "Managing Change: Analysis of a Hypothetical Case." Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 7, no. 2 (March 1, 2000): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jamia.2000.0070125.

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5

Boomer, Lyman W., Tim S. Hartshorne, and C. Stuart Robertshaw. "Confidentiality and Student Records: A Hypothetical Case." Preventing School Failure: Alternative Education for Children and Youth 39, no. 2 (January 1995): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1045988x.1995.9944621.

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6

Beck, William W. "Hypothetical Case History Related to Professional Liability Loss." Journal of Management in Engineering 6, no. 2 (April 1990): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)9742-597x(1990)6:2(203).

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7

Rahayu, N. A., and A. Wijaya. "Hypothetical Learning Trajectory: A Case of Statistical Thinking." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1097 (September 2018): 012109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1097/1/012109.

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8

Paul, Justin. "Strategising Future 'banks': Hypothetical Model." Ushus - Journal of Business Management 4, no. 1 (January 10, 2005): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12725/ujbm.5.4.

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The banking sector is going through a phase of consolidation and restructuring in India. 'Survival of the Fittest' has become a reality in the case of public sector commercial banks, with the opening up of new branches in all districts by new generation banks such as ICICI and HDFC and the Customer Relationship Management (CRM) practices implemented by private and foreign banks.

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9

Yen, Tran Thai, Pham Phuong Nam, and Phan Thi Thanh Bình. "Managing land complaints when the State acquires land: A case study in Bac Ninh city, Vietnam." Management Science Letters 13, no. 2 (2023): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2022.11.004.

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The study's major purpose is to determine the factors that affect the settlement of land complaints and propose some policy implications to improve the settlement of land complaints. Experts are asked about the factors that may affect and their impact rates on the settlement of land complaints when the State acquires land. The proposed research model has 5 hypothetical latent variables and 17 hypothetical observed variables. As a result of the model being tested by SPSS 20.0 software, all hypothetical latent variables and hypothetical observed variables satisfy the test criteria. The impact rates of the hypothetical latent variables range from 9.19% to 36.15%. The group of implementing complaint settlement factors has the strongest influence, and the group of legal factors has the weakest influence. Policy proposals include improving settlement procedures and land databases, strengthening facilities and personnel, and perfecting the legal provisions for complaint resolution.

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10

Sade, Robert M. "Witnessing death, preserving life: an ethical dilemma (hypothetical case)." Annals of Thoracic Surgery 74, no. 5 (November 2002): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0003-4975(02)04100-0.

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11

Crutchfield, Philip. "International insolvency: A hypothetical case study under Australian law." International Insolvency Review 5, no. 1 (1996): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iir.3940050103.

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12

Selan, Jurij. "Exploring the Method of Hypothetical Artwork Modelling: Case of the Primary Colours Fallacy." Leonardo 43, no. 3 (June 2010): 314–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/leon.2010.43.3.314.

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The author explores the explicatory powers of the method of hypothetical artwork modelling on the problematic taken from colour theory. While constructing two hypothetical artwork models, the author tries to show that the painters' fallacy concerning primary colours is not necessarily a fallacy at all.

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13

Szczyrbak, Magdalena. "The whole truth? Hypothetical questions and the (de)construction of knowledge in expert witness cross-examination." Studia Linguistica Universitatis Iagellonicae Cracoviensis 140, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 67–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20834624sl.23.004.17264.

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This paper examines the relation between hypotheticals and epistemic stance in jury trials, and it reveals how hypothetically framed questions (HQs) are used in cross- examination to construct “the admissible truth” (Gutheil et al. 2003) which is then turned into evidence. It looks at a selection of interactional exchanges identified in the transcripts and video recordings which document two days of expert witness cross- examination in two high-profile criminal cases. In the study, two approaches to data analysis were combined: a bottom-up approach focusing on markers of HQs offering “points of entry” into discourse through a corpus-assisted analysis and a top-down approach looking at cross-examination as a complex communicative event, providing a more holistic view of the interactional context in which HQs are used. The paper explains the role which such questions play in the positioning of opposing knowledge claims, as well as discusses the effect they create in hostile interaction with expert witnesses. As is revealed, HQs are used to elicit the witness’s assessments of alternative scenarios of past events and causal links involving the facts of the case; to elicit the witness’s assessments of general hypothetical scenarios not involving the facts of the case, or to undermine the validity of the witness’s method of analysis. In sum, the paper explains how the use of HQs aids cross-examining attorneys in deconstructing unfavourable testimony and constructing the “legal truth” which supports their narrative.

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14

Seale, Jane, Crissi Gallagher, and Jani Grisbrooke. "Fieldwork Educator Training: Design and Evaluation of an Educational Package." British Journal of Occupational Therapy 59, no. 11 (November 1996): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030802269605901111.

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This article describes and evaluates an educational package consisting of five hypothetical case studies. The case studies were designed by the School of Occupational Therapy and Physiotherapy, University of Southampton, and used during briefing sessions with fieldwork educators in order to introduce the fieldwork assessment form and discuss grading issues. A questionnaire survey of 70 fieldwork educators who had attended a briefing session and used the five hypothetical case studies revealed that, generally, the fieldwork educators found the briefing session, including the grading exercise with the case studies, useful. The fieldwork educators indicated a commitment to the principles of being reliable assessors but felt that certain areas needed more consideration, such as the implications of giving grades to real as opposed to hypothetical students. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to literature regarding assessment issues and fieldwork educator training.

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15

Levick, D., R. Schreiber, and J. Graham. "AMDIS Case Conference." Applied Clinical Informatics 01, no. 01 (2010): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/aci-2010-03-cr-0021.

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SummaryClinical decision support that provides enhanced patient safety at the point of care frequently encounters significant pushback from clinicians who find the process intrusive or time-consuming. We present a hypothetical medical center’s dilemma about its allergy alerting system and discuss similar problems faced by real hospitals. We then share some lessons learned and best practices for institutions who wish to implement these tools themselves.

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16

Moustakidis, Charalampos, Alkiviadis Kanakis-Pegios, Vlassios Petousis, Martin Veselsky, and Jozef Leja. "Constraining the hypothetical X17 boson from compact objects observations." HNPS Advances in Nuclear Physics 30 (July 31, 2024): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hnpsanp.6260.

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We investigate the hypothetical X17 boson on neutron stars and Quark Stars (QSs) using various hadronic Equation of States (EoSs) with phenomenological or microscopic origin. Our aim is to set realistic constraints on its coupling constant and the mass scaling, with respect to causality and various possible upper mass limits and the dimensionless tidal deformability Λ1.4. In particular, we pay special attention on two main phenomenological parameters of the X17, the one is related to the coupling constant g that it has with hadrons or quarks and the other with the in-medium effects through the regulator C. Both are very crucial concerning the contribution on the total energy density and pressure.In the case of considering the X17 as a carrier of nuclear force in Relativistic Mean Field (RMF) theory, an admixture into vector boson segment was constrained by 20% and 30%.In our investigation, we came to the general conclusion that the effect of the hypothetical X17 both on neutron and QSs constrained mainly by the causality limit, which is a specific property of each EoS, and it depends on the interplay between the two main parameters, the interaction coupling g and the in-medium effects regulator C. These effects are more pronounced in the case of QSs concerning all the bulk properties.

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17

Buist, Anne. "Heresy, Hormones and Husbands: A Hypothetical Case of Postpartum Depression." Australasian Psychiatry 2, no. 4 (August 1994): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10398569409079272.

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18

Hamilton, Douglas R., Paul B. McBeth, Michael R. Greene, Andrew W. Kirkpatrick, and Chad G. Ball. "Hypothetical Case of Pancreatitis During a Long Duration Lunar Mission." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 90, no. 6 (June 1, 2019): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5259.2019.

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19

Pittman, Jeffrey. "CONSUMER ELECTRONICS V. JONES & DIAMOND: A HYPOTHETICAL CASE STUDY." Journal of Legal Studies Education 20, no. 1 (December 2002): 117–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1722.2002.tb00096.x.

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20

Landry, Robert J. "Ethical Considerations in Filing Personal Bankruptcy: A Hypothetical Case Study." Journal of Legal Studies Education 29, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 59–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-1722.2011.01099.x.

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21

Wolford, Rodney. "Intervention research in construction: A hypothetical case study of painters." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 29, no. 4 (April 1996): 431–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199604)29:4<431::aid-ajim32>3.0.co;2-0.

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22

Kimura, Haruhiko, Tadanobu Misawa, Koji Abe, and Yasuhiro Ogoshi. "A Speedup Algorithm for Repetition of Hypothetical Reasoning." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 10, no. 2 (March 20, 2006): 207–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2006.p0207.

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This paper presents performance evaluations of a speedup method for hypothetical reasoning to a first-order predicate logic knowledge base in the case when reasoning is executed repeatedly replacing hypothetical knowledge and keeping background knowledge and the goal intact. The proposed method consists of substituting hypotheses for predicate knowledge which has recursive structures, deriving bit patterns of solutions from background knowledge and the goal in advance when all the hypotheses are true, and finding actual solutions from inclusion relation with bit patterns of hypothetical knowledge.

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23

Apollonio, Fabrizio Ivan, Federico Fallavollita, Riccardo Foschi, and Rosa Smurra. "Multi-Feature Uncertainty Analysis for Urban-Scale Hypothetical 3D Reconstructions: Piazza delle Erbe Case Study." Heritage 7, no. 1 (January 19, 2024): 476–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage7010023.

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For the hypothetical reconstruction of architectural heritage, there are still no scientific standards of reference concerning their sharing and documentation. Recent international initiatives established the basis to address this problem; however, still, much work needs to be done in order to systematise good practices for the process of reconstruction and its dissemination. This contribution aims to take a step forward in the analysis and visualisation of uncertainty. Some authors have suggested various approaches to visualise uncertainty for single buildings; however, case studies at the urban scale are rarely investigated. This research proposes an improved source-based multi-feature approach aimed at analysing and visualising (through false-colour shading) the uncertainty of hypothetical 3D digital models of urban areas. The assessment of uncertainty is also quantified qualitatively by using newly defined formulas which calculate the average uncertainty weighted on the volume of the 3D model. This methodology aims to improve the objectiveness, unambiguity, transparency, reusability, and readability of hypothetical reconstructive 3D models, and its use is exemplified in the case study of the hypothetical reconstruction of Piazza delle Erbe in Verona, a project presented in the form of a docufilm at EXPO 2015 in Milan.

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24

Brzozowicz, Magdalena, and Michał Krawczyk. "Anchors on prices of consumer goods only hold when decisions are hypothetical." PLOS ONE 17, no. 1 (January 5, 2022): e0262130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262130.

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We elicit willingness to pay for different types of consumption goods, systematically manipulating irrelevant anchors (high vs. low) and incentives to provide true valuations (hypothetical questions vs. Becker-DeGroot-Marschak mechanism). On top of a strong hypothetical bias, we find that anchors only make a substantial, significant difference in the case of hypothetical data, the first experiments to directly document such an interaction. This finding suggests that hypothetical market research methods may deliver lower quality data. Moreover, it contributes to the discussion examining the mechanism underlying the anchoring effect, suggesting it could partly be caused by insufficient conscious effort to drift away from the anchor.

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25

Selan, Jurij. "Hypothetical Art and Art Education: The Educational Role of the Method of Hypothetical Artwork Modelling." Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal 1, no. 2 (January 18, 2018): 59–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.427.

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A hypothetical artwork is an artwork that exists only as a fictional creation of an art theorist. The explicatory powers of such hypothetical artworks are mainly used by an art theorist to reflect on an art theoretical issue under consideration. Such an artwork has an intriguing and paradoxical nature. On the one hand, it is only fictitious, but, on the other hand, it tries to function as a real token, persuading the reader to trust it as if it were a real artwork. Even though this kind of argumentation can be deceiving, as it presents a statement of real art on the basis of fiction, it has some important explicatory abilities that can be put to good usein the art educational process. In this case, the construction of the hypothetical artwork is handled as the construction of a theoretical model. The author calls such theoretical construction the method of hypothetical artwork modelling, and its result the hypothetical artwork model. Such a hypothetical artwork model can be usefully employed when one wishesto encourage the student to become fictionally involved in the process of creation of an artwork, thus giving him or her more personal experience of problems that accompany the process of creating a real artwork. When such hypothetical experience is gained, the student can more efficiently learn about the considered art issue. In the paper, the authordemonstrates how the explicatory powers of the method of hypothetical artwork modelling can be put into educational practice regarding an issue taken from colour theory (i.e., the primary colours fallacy).

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26

Batllo, V. "Hypothetical evolutions of short-period comets." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 172 (1996): 213–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900127391.

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The hypothetical model of capture I consider is as follows: a comet with an initial conic orbit, meets close to one of its vertices an outer planet and generates one or several little comets (crossing of the Roche limit) with an elliptic orbit. This initial vertex always remains one of the vertices of the captured orbit by the Solar System. Even if there is a discontinuity of all the orbital elements during a very short time of the capture, I assume that the orbital plane is unchanged during the capture, as indeed was the case for Brooks 2 in 1886 (see Belyaev et al., 1986) or will be for Gehrels 3 in 2300 (see Carusi et al., 1985). After this first decisive step, the “new” comets may be subject to some other captures by jovian planets during their evolution with the same scenario. All these hypotheses allow to find particular numerical results for 142 comets whose current orbital elements were found in the Marsden catalog or given by P. Rocher, but I shall only give several examples in the following section.

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27

McManus, John L. "Student Composed Case Study in Adolescent Psychology." Teaching of Psychology 13, no. 2 (April 1986): 92–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1302_14.

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A variation of the case study method is described. Students in Adolescent Psychology composed hypothetical cases, proposed solutions to problems, and surveyed other groups regarding case dilemmas and adolescent issues. The method appeared to help students integrate concepts covered in the course and to increase students' motivation.

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28

Buckman, Christopher C. "The Realistic Angel: Realism as Hypothetical Verity." Aesthetic Investigations 1, no. 1 (July 16, 2015): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58519/aesthinv.v1i1.12005.

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My main objective in this paper is to formulate a view of pictorial realism I call ‘hypothetical verity’. It owes much to John Kulvicki but diverges from his view in an important respect: rather than thinking that realistic pictures are true to our conceptions of things, I hold that they are true to what things would be like if they existed. In addition, I agree with Dominic Lopes that different realisms reflect different aspects of reality, but restate the case without recourse to symbol systems. Together, the twin principles of hypothetical verity and aspectival absolutism constitute a theory of realism able to account for realistic fictional entities, the problem of revelatory realism and images that teach new information.

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29

Muñoz, Estefanía, Manoel P. Cordão Neto, and Andrés Ochoa. "Effects of Spatial Variability on Slope Reliability: A Hypothetical Case Study." Soils and Rocks 41, no. 3 (December 24, 2018): 381–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.28927/sr.413381.

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30

Spinney, Franklin C. "Defense Time Bomb: F-22/JSF Case Study Hypothetical Escape Option." Challenge 39, no. 4 (July 1996): 23–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/05775132.1996.11471911.

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31

Balleste, Roy. "A Hypothetical Case Study: Creating AI Assistants in the Law Library." Legal Reference Services Quarterly 26, no. 1-2 (December 20, 2007): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j113v26n01_04.

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32

Gibson, T. M., and W. J. Coker. "Medical Confidentiality And Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: A Hypothetical Case." Journal of the Royal Army Medical Corps 149, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jramc-149-04-05.

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33

Buiting, H. M., A. van der Heide, B. D. Onwuteaka-Philipsen, M. L. Rurup, J. A. C. Rietjens, G. Borsboom, P. J. van der Maas, and J. J. M. van Delden. "Physicians' labelling of end-of-life practices: a hypothetical case study." Journal of Medical Ethics 36, no. 1 (December 21, 2009): 24–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2009.030155.

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34

Hioki, Kazuki, Shion Hotta, and Takashi Iba. "Factors that enable breakthroughs in tennis: A case study of elite college tennis players in Japan." ITF Coaching & Sport Science Review 32, no. 92 (May 6, 2024): 30–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.52383/itfcoaching.v33i92.512.

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In the world of sports, the phenomenon of a dramatic improvement in competition results at some point is called a “breakthrough.” In this study, “breakthrough” is defined as “a dramatic improvement in competition results at some point,” and the purpose of this study is to reveal hypothetical findings on the factors that enable “breakthroughs” in tennis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight Japanese college tennis players who had experienced a “breakthrough” in the past, and who had records of being in the top 8 or above in national championships. The interview content was transcribed and used to conduct a qualitative analysis. As a result, the following three hypothetical findings were revealed: “maintaining high motivation,” “continuous growth,” and “high performance during games” are important for enabling “breakthroughs” in tennis. Those hypothetical findings will be useful information for athletes who are aiming for “breakthroughs” and for coaches who support them.

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Lim, Hui-Been, Si-Hyun Park, Hyong-Jin Hong, Ji-Yun Jeong, Hee-Seok Kim, and Cheol-Min Lee. "Acute and chronic health risk assessment for inhalation and ingestion exposure in acrylic acid leak accidents." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 29, no. 18 (December 2, 2021): 26648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17293-w.

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AbstractWe established a hypothetical acrylic acid leak accident scenario, conducted a health risk assessment of local residents, and compared an actual accident case to the hypothetical scenario. The exposed subjects were divided into four age groups, and a noncarcinogenic health risk assessment was conducted for inhalation and soil ingestion. In the hypothetical scenario, 40 tons of acrylic acid was leaked in Ulsan for 1 h from midnight on January 1, 2017. In the actual accident case, 3 L of acrylic acid was leaked in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi Province, for 1 h from 11:00 am on March 5, 2020. The environmental concentration of acrylic acid was calculated using the dynamic multimedia environmental model. Noncarcinogenic assessment of the hypothetical scenario showed the hazard quotient exceeded 1 across all age groups, suggesting that a health risk is likely to occur due to inhalation exposure to acrylic acid resulting from a chemical accident. In addition, Hazardacute exceeded 1 until 2 h after the accident under the hypothetical scenario, indicating the likelihood of a health risk. Thus, we propose a methodology that can assess changing concentrations in a hazardous chemical leak from a chemical accident based on the time, place, the chemical’s behaviors in different environmental media, and the health risk posed by the exposure of the chemical to local residents in the area affected by the accident.

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36

Jin, Meilan, Yuxian Juan, Youngjoon Choi, and Choong-Ki Lee. "Estimating the Preservation Value of World Heritage Site Using Contingent Valuation Method: The Case of the Li River, China." Sustainability 11, no. 4 (February 20, 2019): 1100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11041100.

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World Heritage Sites (WHSs) play an important role in sustaining community identity and enhancing local economic development through tourism. Although the Li River was designated as a WHS in 2014, severe damage to its ecosystem and environmental problems have been reported in recent years. Thus, the purpose of this study is to estimate residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the preservation of the Li River using a contingent valuation method. Moreover, a two-stage approach using hypothetical and real setting scenarios was utilized to reduce a hypothetical bias and overvaluation. Logit models were used to estimate the preservation value and compare factors influencing WTP between the hypothetical and real scenarios. The results of this study support the usefulness of a two-stage approach to avoid hypothetical bias and estimate a realistic preservation value. In the real setting scenario, WTP was 144.66–163.90 Yuan (USD 20.83–23.60) per capita per year, and the aggregate value was 721–818 million Yuan (USD 104–118 million) depending on mean WTP and truncated WTP. The study findings provide useful implication to support government’s fund and sustainable efforts to preserve the Li River.

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37

Modha, Bhaven. "Leadership and management culture within dental practice: a case study." Leadership in Health Services 33, no. 4 (September 18, 2020): 417–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lhs-04-2020-0018.

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Purpose This case study aims to explore how leadership and management applies to a hypothetical scenario, focussing on a dental practice. As a teaching exercise, it may enable dentists and allied workers to reflect on the leadership and management styles used within their workplaces, and on their own abilities. Design/methodology/approach The hypothetical scenario considers a dental practice, its organisational structure, and leadership and management practices. The contemporary leadership and management theories of transformational leadership and contingency management are next discussed. These are then compared with the practices used in the dental practice. The case study concludes with recommendations. Findings The hypothetical scenario reveals that bureaucratic and transactional leadership and management culture exists within the dental practice, which may be attributable to many factors. The case study suggests that no single manner of leadership and management is completely correct or greater than another. There may be a need for bureaucratic, transactional, transformational, contingency and other approaches, and only if they shall be used in the best interests of the workforce and workplace. Originality/value Many dental practice workers may be oblivious to their own leadership and management techniques, and thus, the resultant impact on teammates. Negative approaches may contribute towards poor morale and a high turnover of staff. To become more skilful at applying certain approaches to given situations, dentists and allied workers may well need to pursue continuing professional development training in leadership and management.

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Chernova, Daria. "Figurative use of past tense in Russian: a case study." Poljarnyj vestnik 13 (January 1, 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/6.1264.

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This article discusses past tense verbs in collocations with the future tense adverbial завтра ‘tomorrow'. It is shown that the past tense grammeme can express habitual, hypothetical and conditional meanings that are related through metonymy.

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Bonnie, Richard J. "Should a Personality Disorder Qualify as a Mental Disease in Insanity Adjudication?" Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 38, no. 4 (2010): 760–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2010.00529.x.

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In his accompanying article, Dr. Kinscherff has convincingly demonstrated why a categorical exclusion of personality disorders from the definition of “mental disease” in insanity defense adjudication is arbitrary, both conceptually and clinically. He explains his position in the context of a vignette involving a hypothetical defendant, Wilhelmina Sykes, charged with ramming her car into another car obstructing her path, causing serious injury to its driver. Dr. Kinscherff correctly points out that the determinative issue in applying the insanity defense in any case, including the hypothetical case involving Ms. Sykes, is whether the defendant experienced a legally relevant functional impairment at the time of the offense. In many states — and in the hypothetical jurisdiction in which Ms. Sykes is being prosecuted — the relevant functional impairments are those that could have affected her ability “to appreciate the wrongfulness of her conduct” or “to conform her conduct to the requirements of the law.

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Gatt, Jurgen R. "The Hypothetical Witness in Gorgias and Antiphon." Sapiens ubique civis 2 (December 15, 2021): 45–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.14232/suc.2021.2.45-68.

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The paper below focuses on the shadowy figure of the hypothetical witness found in two mock-forensic works of the late 5th century: Gorgias’ Defence of Palamedes and Antiphon’s First Tetralogy. I argue that these witnesses, who only exist within the εἰκός arguments found in these speeches, are consistently characterized in impersonal ways, as individuals with knowledge pertinent to the resolution of the case. The issue of their will is also broached, particularly in last rebuttal speech of the First Tetralogy. Though such witnesses, being logical figments, could never appear in court, their characterization sheds important light on the ancient Greek notion of ‘witnessing’. Indeed, the very ability of Gorgias and Antiphon to deploy such arguments shows that witnessing was, at least in this cases, not thought to be tied to the witness’s prestige or character which remain entirely undefined. Rather, their characterization of a ‘witness’ as an individual who knows and who is motivated to testify implies that these were the features thought to fundamental to witnesses, whether real or fictive.

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Sedat, J., Y. Chau, A. Dunac, N. Gomez, L. Suissa, and M. H. Mahagne. "Multiple Cerebral Aneurysms Caused by Cardiac Myxoma." Interventional Neuroradiology 13, no. 2 (June 2007): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/159101990701300209.

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A case of multiple cerebral aneurysms caused by left atrial myxoma is reported. We present the details of this case and discuss the hypothetical pathogenesis, radiological aspects and treatment of these neoplastic aneurysms.

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42

Akbarshahi, Hamid, Zainab Ahmadi, David C. Currow, Jacob Sandberg, Zac Vandersman, Aaron Shanon-Honson, and Magnus Ekström. "No gender-related bias in COPD diagnosis and treatment in Sweden: a randomised, controlled, case-based trial." ERJ Open Research 6, no. 4 (October 2020): 00342–2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00342-2020.

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IntroductionCOPD is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The prevalence, morbidity and mortality of COPD among females have increased. Previous studies indicate a possible gender bias in the diagnosis and management of COPD. The present study aims to determine if there is gender bias in the management of COPD in Sweden.MethodsThis was a double-blind, randomised (1:1), controlled, parallel-group, web-based trial using the hypothetical case scenario of a former smoker (40 pack-years and quit smoking 3 years ago) who was male or female. The participants were blind to the randomisation and the purpose of the trial. The case progressively revealed more information with associated questions on how the physician would manage the patient. Study participants chose from a list of tests and treatments at each step of the case scenario.ResultsIn total, 134 physicians were randomised to a male (n=62) or a female (n=72) case. There was no difference in initial diagnosis (61 (98%) male cases and 70 (97%) female cases diagnosed with COPD) and planned diagnostic procedures between the male and female cases. Spirometry was chosen by all the physicians as one of the requested diagnostic tests. The management of the hypothetical COPD case did not differ by sex of the responding physician.ConclusionIn Sweden, diagnosis and management of a hypothetical patient with COPD did not differ by the gender of the patient or physician.

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Sussman, Matthew, Jennifer Benner, Tendai Mugwagwa, Jackie Lee, Sheng-Tzu Hung, Ya-Min Yang, and Yixi Chen. "Clinical Benefits of Sustained Oral Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Use for the Outpatient Treatment of COVID-19: Findings from the Taiwanese Health Authority Perspective Using a Decision Tree Modeling Approach." Journal of Market Access & Health Policy 12, no. 4 (November 12, 2024): 326–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmahp12040026.

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Despite the observed clinical benefits of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (NMV/r), it is uncertain whether Taiwan will continue covering NMV/r for high-risk individuals with mild-to-moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This analysis assessed the impact of sustained utilization of NMV/r on COVID-19-associated healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) and mortality from the Taiwanese health authority perspective (THAP). A decision tree model estimated the incremental number of clinical events associated with NMV/r utilization over a 30-day period. Model results compared (1) a base case using current rates of NMV/r from the THAP, and (2) a hypothetical scenario assuming the current supply of NMV/r is not extended in Taiwan. NMV/r utilization rates included 80% and 0% in the base case and hypothetical scenario, respectively. Outcomes included the number of hospitalizations involving a general ward (GW) stay, intensive care unit (ICU) stay, and mechanical ventilation (MV) use, as well as the number of bed days, symptom days, and hospitalization deaths. Based on epidemiologic data, 150,255 patients with COVID-19 were eligible for treatment from the THAP. In the hypothetical scenario, HCRU increased by 175% compared to the base case, including increases in hospitalizations involving GW, ICU, and MV use (differences: 2067; 623; 591, respectively), bed days (difference: 51,521), symptom days (difference: 51,714), and deaths (difference: 480). Findings indicate that sustained utilization of NMV/r from the THAP reduces the clinical burden of mild-to-moderate COVID-19 through the reduced incidence of COVID-19-related HCRU and deaths.

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Soller, J. A., M. H. Nellor, C. J. Cruz, and E. McDonald. "Human health risk associated with direct potable reuse – evaluation through quantitative relative risk assessment case studies." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 1, no. 5 (2015): 679–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ew00038f.

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McKenna, John. "Single-Case Design: A Promising Tool for Improvement Science." Impacting Education: Journal on Transforming Professional Practice 7, no. 3 (August 12, 2022): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/ie.2022.260.

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This article provides an overview of single-case research design and how it can be used in concert with Improvement Science. Hypothetical examples of using single-case design to inform improvement efforts are provided, as is a discussion of connections between this methodology and Improvement Science. Resources for further study are also provided.

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Duru, Okechukwu Athanasius. "Mbanmiri v. Bum Oil Co.: A Hypothetical Case of International Environmental Torts." CUNY Law Review 1, no. 1 (1996): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.31641/clr010105.

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Pronello, Cristina, and Valentina Rappazzo. "Road pricing: How people perceive a hypothetical introduction. The case of Lyon." Transport Policy 36 (November 2014): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2014.08.005.

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Chaitanya, I. Krishna, Balaji K.V.G.D, Pavan Kumar M, and Sudeepthi B. "Effect of Building Aspect Ratio on Blast Response: A Hypothetical Case Study." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 70, no. 11 (October 30, 2022): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v70i11p205.

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Stewart, Gordon. "The Privacy Act 1993 and university disciplinary proceedings: A hypothetical case study?" Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 24, no. 3 (November 1, 1994): 235–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v24i3.6232.

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Since the passage of the Privacy Act 1993, a number of concerns has been raised regarding its application to university practices. That concern was illustrated, for example, by the cessation in 1993 of the publication of Victoria University examination results in daily newspapers, and by the redrafting of the University's enrolment forms to accommodate the perceived effect of the legislation. In the same year, the Academic Registrar at Victoria University asked whether the Act might be applicable to university disciplinary proceedings, and if so, could it impede them? This article addresses those two questions.

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Liao, Zhenliang, Yanhui Liu, and Zuxin Xu. "OIL SPILL RESPONSE AND PREPAREDNESS SYSTEM BASED ON CASE - BASED REASONING - DEMONSTRATED USING A HYPOTHETICAL CASE." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 12, no. 12 (2013): 2489–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2013.302.

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