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Дисертації з теми "Hypoplastic heart syndromes"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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1

Salih, Caner. "The ventricular ultrastructure in hypoplastic left heart syndrome." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417242.

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2

Phillips, Helen M. "Molecular genetic investigation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246638.

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3

Perez, Ramirez Leilanie. "Lymphopenia in infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1439305259.

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4

Renforth, Glenn Lee. "A molecular genetic investigation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.431956.

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5

Bellsham-Revell, Hannah. "Pathophysiology of the systemic right ventricle in hypoplastic left heart syndrome." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/pathophysiology-of-the-systemic-right-ventricle-in-hypoplastic-left-heart-syndrome(62ed8eec-549c-4e58-88c7-60a2a959f7e6).html.

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Background: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) describes a spectrum of underdevelopment of the left heart, rendering it incapable of supporting the systemic circulation. Improved results from Norwood palliation mean more children are surviving into later childhood. The assessment of right ventricular (RV) function is an important prognostic factor, but is complicated by wide heterogeneity and complex geometry. Novel MRI and echocardiographic techniques are non-invasive and may offer insight into the pathophysiology of the systemic RV. Methods: Current methods for assessing the RV were reviewed. MRI and echocardiography were used and compared prospectively in HLHS patients to investigate RV performance and changes in ventricular volumetry across the palliative stages. The novel approach of pre-Fontan assessment using MRI and central venous pressure (CVP) measurement alone was compared to the current literature. Results: Echocardiographic subjective assessment of RV function in HLHS had little concordance with MRI ejection fraction, showing the limitation of using this method alone. MRI demonstrated significant RV volume unloading after hemi- Fontan, with a shift of the Starling curve suggesting improved contractility. The novel pre-Fontan assessment showed no difference in outcomes from the published literature. Tissue Doppler time intervals were significantly different in HLHS patients compared to normal hearts. Differences were also seen in tissue Doppler indices and speckle tracking derived strain between those with a significant residual left ventricle and those without Conclusions: Novel MRI and echocardiographic techniques give unique and reproducible insights into the morphologic and functional development of the systemic RV across the stages of surgical palliation. Important differences between the morphological subtypes were also noted. Based on this MD thesis, reliable, easy to use, reproducible and non-invasive screening tools have been established, validated and used for longitudinal follow-up. These techniques may also lead to improved follow-up: predicting, or possibly preventing systemic RV failure.

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6

Cheatham, Sharon Laneau. "Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Infants with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome after Hybrid Stage I Palliation." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1354649654.

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7

Crawford, Daniel. "Outcomes for the Hybrid Approach to First State Treatment of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/627198.

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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
BACKGROUND & SIGNIFICANCE Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a congenital condition that involves hypoplasia or atresia of left heart structures. Treatment requires three separate interventions, and the “hybrid” procedure is a less invasive alternative to the initial open-heart operation. This approach has become favorable for certain patients in recent years, but there is a need to better understand the outcomes and the factors that influence the outcomes for hybrid Stage 1 palliation of HLHS.

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8

Trippenbach, Teresa Aniela. "Small hearts - grand matters. The ethics of neonatal treatment with unknown long-term outcome : the case of hypoplastic left heart syndrone." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29405.

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Ethical decisions about medical care of infants is based on the by proxy evaluation of the infants' best interests. Since parents and physicians may have different points of reference, conflicts may arise during the decision-making process. The decision about the infant's well being becomes even more complex when high risk treatment with an uncertain long-term outcome is considered. Surgical palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is an example of such a treatment. I use this example in my discussion on the relevant ethical issues and possible roots of conflicts between the decision-makers.
I argue that as long as long-term survival rates are variable, and the survivors' quality of life remains uncertain, palliative surgery for HLHS should not be obligatory. Rather, the parents should be informed not only about the existing treatments but also about the non-treatment option, and what each option may imply for the infant, parents and the family.

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9

Vorisek, Carina [Verfasser]. "Targeting endocardial fibroelastosis in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome : a cell culture model / Carina Vorisek." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1156851327/34.

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10

Pandurangi, Sindhu. "Comparison of Postoperative Respiratory Function in Neonates with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Following First Stage Palliation." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/603659.

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A Thesis submitted to The University of Arizona College of Medicine - Phoenix in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Medicine.
Purpose Available surgical procedures in the first stage of the palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) are currently the Norwood procedure with Blalock‐Taussing (BT) shunt, Norwood with a Sano shunt (5.0 mm right ventricular‐pulmonary artery conduit), or a hybrid procedure combining surgical pulmonary artery band placement and catheter‐based closure of the ductus arteriosus. Following any of the three procedures, it is necessary for patients to be mechanically ventilated for a period of time; however, little is known about the differences in pulmonary function and outcome among the three groups. Methods We conducted a retrospective chart review of 14 neonates who underwent stage 1 palliation for HLHS, by hybrid procedure or Norwood procedure with BT or Sano shunts, at Phoenix Children’s Hospital from September 2013‐December 2014. Demographic, hemodynamic, and outcome information was collected. Heart rate, respiratory rate, mean arterial pressure, end tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2), cerebral and renal somatic oximetry, mean airway pressure, ratio of partial pressure of arterial oxygen to inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2), dead space fraction (Vd/Vt), and dynamic compliance were measured preoperatively, postoperatively, and at multiple time points from 6 to 120 hours postoperatively. Respiratory data was collected using the NM3 monitor (Philips Respironics, Pittsburgh, PA). Outcome measures collected included maximum postoperative lactate, time to extubation, hospital length of stay, and mortality. Results Of the 14 patients, 7 received the Norwood with BT shunt, 5 received the Sano shunt, and 2 received the hybrid procedure. Through linear regression analysis of groups stratified by shunt size, we found that the Vd/Vt ratios of the Sano and 3.0 mm BT shunt groups were higher at earlier times points, but became indistinguishable by 48 hours postoperatively (p=0.02). Linear regression of the 3 surgical groups comparing Vd/Vt across all times points did not show any significant differences (p = 0.79). Linear regression of dynamic compliance among the three groups across all time points also was not significant (p = 0.72). No significant difference was observed in dynamic compliance across all time points when groups were stratified by shunt size (p = 0.33). Examining differences between BT and Sano groups at each time point from 0‐ 120 hours postoperatively using Mann Whitney U analysis did not reveal significance. Analysis of outcomes of length of mechanical ventilation (p=0.61), hospital length of stay (p =0.99), and mortality (p>0.99) also did not differ significantly among the 3 surgical groups. Conclusion Our study identified that the 3.0 mm BT and Sano shunt group had higher Vd/Vt ratios throughout the first 48 postoperative hours. No other differences were found in Vd/Vt or dynamic compliance when surgical groups or shunt sizes were compared. Despite the early differences noted, lack of differences in outcome measures suggests that these early differences have little influence on prognosis.

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11

Young, Andrew G. "Patient-specific mathematical modelling of the hybrid procedure in the treatment of hypoplastic left heart syndrome." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2014. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=23306.

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Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome (HLHS) is a rare congenital heart disease characterised by the underdevelopment of the left sided structures of the heart, compromising systemic blood supply. The Hybrid Procedure is a palliative repair that delays cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and allows the opportunity for left ventricular growth and biventricular repair. The ductus arteriosus is stented open via catheter, which allows the right ventricle to supply the systemic circulation. In order to balance the pulmonary-systemic flow ratio, branch pulmonary arterial bands are surgically placed. Currently, banding (and stent) dimensions are based on surgical experience, intuition and limited Doppler measurements. In mathematically modelling the Hybrid Procedure, it is possible to optimise the dimensions based on haemodynamic and ventricular data. These simulated results are often difficult and invasive to measure clinically. Due to the broad spectrum of abnormalities observed in HLHS, creating patient-specific models is an area for development. Therefore a thorough investigation of routinely collected clinical data was undertaken, assessing the potential collaboration between biomedical engineering and clinical protocols. A lumped circulation model of the post-Hybrid circulation was produced and clinically validated following novel investigation. An external band diameter of 3 mm was optimal, with 3.5 mm appropriate for larger patients. A patient-specific three-dimensional geometry was constructed and virtual surgery performed for a range of band diameters for steady state analysis. Boundary conditions were determined using matching patient-specific and literature data. This model was coupled to the lumped circulation model in a multiscale model. This highlighted the conflict of definition between internal and external diameter band dimensions. It was shown that the 2 mm internal band diameter was optimal. Regarding patient-specificity, it was demonstrated that current clinical practices are not conducive to mathematical modelling with many steps required in the processing of data. The quality of the data is suboptimal and will require multidisciplinary cooperation for future improvement. Due to the incompleteness of the data sets and the inconsistent data collection, full patient-specificity and predictive modelling was not achieved.

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12

Niehaus, Justin. "Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics to Evaluate Energy Loss in Three Palliative Strategies of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1291053684.

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13

Drabkin, Anne [Verfasser]. "Cognitive and Psychomotor Development After Operative Treatment of Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome Using Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest / Anne Drabkin." Kiel : Universitätsbibliothek Kiel, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1023249537/34.

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14

Laue, Svenja [Verfasser], Karl-Ludwig [Akademischer Betreuer] Laugwitz, Wolfgang [Gutachter] Wurst, and Karl-Ludwig [Gutachter] Laugwitz. "Patient-specific iPSC-based models of hypoplastic left heart syndrome / Svenja Laue ; Gutachter: Wolfgang Wurst, Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz ; Betreuer: Karl-Ludwig Laugwitz." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1180602080/34.

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Cervenak, Juraj [Verfasser], Rüdiger [Akademischer Betreuer] Lange, Peter [Gutachter] Ewert, and Rüdiger [Gutachter] Lange. "Risk factors for mortality after the Norwood procedure in hypoplastic left heart syndrome / Juraj Cervenak ; Gutachter: Peter Ewert, Rüdiger Lange ; Betreuer: Rüdiger Lange." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1192441842/34.

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Abuchaim, Décio Cavalet-Soares. "Análise histomorfológica de corações com atresia e estenose mitral na síndrome do coração esquerdo hipoplásico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5156/tde-05112013-144806/.

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Introdução: A Síndrome do Coração Esquerdo Hipoplásico (SCEH) compreende um espectro de malformações estruturais cardíacas caracterizadas por um hipodesenvolvimento significativo do complexo coração esquerdo-aorta, que apesar da evolução do tratamento, continua sendo um desafio. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar diferenças morfológicas e histológicas em corações com atresia e estenose mitral na SCEH. Métodos: Estudo de 33 corações com SCEH e nove corações normais (controle), divididos em dois grupos, atresia mitral (AM) e estenose mitral (EM), obtidos em necrópsia e submetidos a análise morfológica dos segmentos da aorta, características da valva mitral e tricúspide, septo inter atrial, miocárdio, cavidades ventriculares e análise histológica com as colorações e hematoxilina/eosina e picro-sírius. Resultados: Observamos nove espécimes com Atresia Mitral e Atresia Aórtica (AMAA), 27,2%; treze com Atresia Mitral e Estenose Aórtica (AMEA), 39,3% e onze com Estenose Mitral e Estenose Aórtica (EMEA) 33,3%. Encontramos associação significativa de predominância de coronárias tortuosas no grupo EM (?2= 4,911; P=0,027) e a dominância coronariana esquerda está em 75% dos casos de EM, com diferença significativa entre os dois grupos (?2=9,298; P=0,01). No grupo AM encontramos correlação significativa entre aorta descendente e arco aórtico (r =0,692; P=0,039) e entre aorta descendente e istmo aórtico (r=0,796; P=0,010).No grupo EM, há correlação significativa entre as variáveis: Anel mitral e comprimento via de entrada de ventrículo direito (r=0,523; P=0,045); Anel mitral e istmo aórtico (r=0,692; P=0,003); ventrículo esquerdo cavidade e aorta ascendente (r=0,643; P=0,010); Arco aórtico e istmo aórtico (r=0,678; P=0,001); Aorta ascendente e arco aórtico (r=0,444; P = 0,044). Não existe diferença significativa no tamanho dos miócitos (coloração HE) entre o grupo AMAA e o grupo EMAA/EMEA (P=0,427), porém existe diferença significativa entre AMAA e controle (P=0,011) e entre EMAA/EMEA e controle (P=0,023). O percentual de colágeno (coloração de picro-sírius) é significantemente diferente entre os três grupos (P=0,0001) e o grupo AM é o que contém maior percentual de colágeno. Conclusões: 1. Na SCEH os corações com EM apresentam significativamente coronárias tortuosas e dominância coronariana esquerda em comparação com AM; 2. No grupo AM encontramos correlação significativa entre o diâmetro da aorta descendente e arco aórtico e entre aorta descendente e istmo aórtico; 3. No grupo EM, há correlação significativa entre as seguintes variáveis: anel mitral e comprimento via de entrada do ventrículo direito, anel mitral e istmo aórtico, cavidade do ventrículo esquerdo e aorta ascendente, arco aórtico e istmo aórtico e arco aórtico e aorta ascendente; 4. Há hipertrofia dos miócitos nos espécimes com AM e EM em comparação com o grupo controle; 5. Na SCEH o percentual de colágeno é superior ao grupo controle; 6. O grupo AM tem maior percentual de colágeno que o grupo EM
Introduction: Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) comprises a spectrum of cardiac malformations characterized by a significant underdevelopment of the left heart-aorta complex, which remains a challenge despite the progress of treatment. The objective of this work is to identify morphological and histological differences in hearts with atresia and mitral stenosis with HLHS. Methods: 33 hearts with HLHS divided into two groups, mitral atresia (AM) and mitral stenosis (MS) and nine normal hearts (control),obtained at autopsy, submitted to morphological analysis of aortic segments, mitral and tricuspid valves, atrial septum, infarction, and ventricular cavities and histological study with Hematoxylin/eosin and picro sírius stain. Results: There were nine specimens with aortic atresia and mitral atresia (AMAA), 27.2%; thirteen with atresia Mitral and Aortic Stenosis (AMEA), 39.3% and eleven with Mitral Stenosis and Aortic Stenosis (EMEA) 33.3%. There is a significant association of prevalence of coronary tortuous in the MS group (x2 = 4.911, P=0.027) and left coronary dominance in 75% of cases of MS, with a significant difference between the two groups (x2 2 = 9.298, P=0,01). In the AM group we found a significant correlation between the descending aorta and aortic arch (r=0.692, P=0.039) and between the descending aorta and aortic isthmus (r =0.796, P=0.01). In the MS group there was a significant correlation between variables: mitral ring and length inlet right ventricle (r= 0.523, P=0.045), mitral and aortic isthmus (r=0.692, P=0.003), left ventricular cavity and ascending aorta (r=0.643, P=0.01); Aortic arch and aortic isthmus (r=0.678, P=0.001), ascending aorta and aortic arch (r=0.444, P=0.044).There is no significant difference in the size of myocites (HE staining) between the group and the group AMAA EMAA / EMEA (P = 0.427), but we found significant difference between AMAA and control (P = 0.011) and between EMAA / EMEA and control (P=0.023). The percentage of collagen (picrosirius staining) is different between the three groups (P=0.0001) and AM is the group that contains a higher percentage of collagen. Conclusions: 1. In HLHS hearts with MS present significant tortuous coronary and left coronary dominance compared with AM; 2. In the AM group there is a significant correlation between the diameter of the descending aorta and aortic arch and descending aorta and across the aortic isthmus; 3. In the MS group, there was significant correlation between the following variables: length and mitral inflow tract, mitral and aortic isthmus, left ventricular cavity and the ascending aorta, aortic arch and isthmus aorta and aortic arch and ascending aorta; 4. There is myocite hypertrophy in specimens with AM and EM compared with control; 5. In the HSLS collagen percentage is higher than control; 6. The AM group has a higher percentage of collagen than the EM group

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Alnour, Fouzi [Verfasser], Elisabeth [Akademischer Betreuer] Zeisberg, Steven [Akademischer Betreuer] Johnsen та Margarete [Akademischer Betreuer] Schӧn. "‘Knockout-first’ mouse model as a biological tool to study the role of KIAA0182 gene in hypoplastic left heart syndrome / Fouzi Alnour. Betreuer: Elisabeth Zeisberg. Gutachter: Steven Johnsen ; Margarete Schӧn". Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1094077143/34.

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18

Liu, Xiaopeng [Verfasser], Elisabeth [Akademischer Betreuer] Zeisberg, Kao Mei [Gutachter] Guan, and Frauke [Gutachter] Alves. "Induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) as a model to study functional contribution of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in HLHS / Xiaopeng Liu ; Gutachter: Kao Mei Guan, Frauke Alves ; Betreuer: Elisabeth Zeisberg." Göttingen : Niedersächsische Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Göttingen, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1120702135/34.

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Rozzi, Giacomo. "VIDEO KINEMATIC EVALUATION OF THE HEART (VI.KI.E.): AN IDEA, A PROJECT, A REALITY." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/1017185.

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Introduction: The technological development of the last 20 years pledges the intensity of efforts for implementing novel imaging contactless modalities that accelerate the translation from the research bench to the patient bedside, especially in the cardiac field. In this work, a novel intraoperative cardiac imaging approach, named Video Kinematic Evaluation (Vi.Ki.E.), is presented and explained in detail. This technology is able to monitor, contactless, the cardiac mechanics and deformation in-situ during heart surgery. Cardiac kinematics have been deeply evaluated ranging from the experimental animal approach to the human myocardial pathologies in both left and right ventricles. Methods: Vi.Ki.E. can be defined “as simple as innovative”. It only consists of a high-speed camera placed upon an exposed beating heart in-situ to record cardiac cycles. Afterwards a tracker software is used on the recorded video to follow the epicardial tissue movements. This tracker provides information about trajectories of the epicardium and, thanks to a custom-made algorithm, the technology supplies heart mechanical information such as: Force of contraction or cardiac fatigue, Energy expenditure, Contraction velocity, displacement of the marker and epicardial torsion. This approach has been tested on 21 rats (9 ischemia/reperfusion and/or for validation, 12 for the gender difference study) and on 37 patients who underwent different surgery between 2015 and 2019. In detail 10 patients underwent Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, 12 underwent Valve Replacement after Tetralogy of Fallot correction surgery, 6 implanted a Left Ventricular Assist Device (1 is moved in the case study section), 6 patients with Hypoplastic Heart Syndrome underwent GLENN or FONTAN surgery, 2 patients underwent Heart Transplantation and finally 1 patient underwent double valve replacement (this patient is moved into case study section). Results: The patients’ results demonstrated that the Vi.Ki.E. technology was able to discriminate, with statistic potency, the kinematic differences before and after the surgery in real-time, suggesting possible clinical implications in the treatment of the patients before the chest closure and/or in the intensive care unit. As it concerns the experimental animals, the results are the basics of the validation technology. Some of them were used as accepted model in comparison with the Vi.Ki.E. results on patients. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study has shown that Vi.Ki.E. is a safe and contactless technology with promising possible clinical application. The ease in the evaluation and the algorithm-based approach makes Video Kinematic Evaluation a widespread technique from cellular level to human cases covering the entire experimental field with in-vivo evaluation and possibly Langendorff/Working Heart approaches.

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Wu, Vivian. "Recruitment, single ventricular palliation, and complex biventricular repair for patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome." Thesis, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/36723.

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BACKGROUND: Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome is a congenital birth defect that is defined by underdevelopment of the left heart during pregnancy. This is especially dangerous as the left heart holds the systemic flow of blood- the oxygenated blood. Not enough oxygen throughout the whole body causes cyanosis, which symptoms include bluish discoloration of the skin or mucous membrane due to low oxygen saturation. Single Ventricle Palliation followed by Biventricular Conversion is the most common surgical procedural pathway to correct this defect. The goal is to convert from a single ventricle circulation during single ventricle palliation to biventricular circulation via biventricular conversion, which is the normal heart anatomy. Single Ventricle Pallation consists of three stages: Stage 1 Norwood Procedure, Bidirectional Glenn, and Fontan. Biventricular Conversion can be performed after any of the three stages. In addition, further compromise of the left ventricle includes other factors such as a thickening of fibroblast-like cells on the endocardial layer called endocardial fibroelastosis. Therefore, additional surgical procedures, also known as recruitment procedures, combat these problems. It is critical to find a correlation between a specific procedure and post surgery success in left ventricle growth and function for these patients. OBJECTIVES: Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome at Boston Children’s Hospital have undergone single ventricle palliation with some patients proceeding to biventricular conversion. This study aimed to study the palliation stages individually and recruitment procedures (specifically endocardial fibroelastosis resection) on the effect of left ventricle growth. METHODS: Patients with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome were studied retrospectively (before 2014) and prospectively (after 2014 until December 1, 2018). Single Ventricle Palliation and Biventricular Conversion were analyzed via descriptional analysis with evidence of left ventricular growth measured by left ventricular end diastolic volume and respective z-scores. Z-scores were used to standardize end diastolic volume values across variability in age, weight, and height. RESULTS: A total of 55 patients underwent single ventricle palliation and 39 ended with biventricular circulation via biventricular conversion. Overall, there was a 9.29 ml increase in end diastolic volume between Bidirectional Glenn and Fontan and a 0.795 increase in end diastolic volume z-score between Fontan and Biventricular Conversion. Next, those who did not have recruitment procedures experienced a 135.6%, 48.8%, and 0% growth at Stage 1, Bidirectional Glenn, and Fontan, respectively, before directly proceeding to biventricular conversion. Those with recruitment experienced a 44.5%, 90.4%, and 83.0% growth at Stage 1, Bidirectional Glenn, and Fontan, respectively, before directly proceeding to biventricular conversion. Finally, there was a 50.2% and 62.3% in left ventricular growth at Bidirectional Glenn and Fontan, respectively, after endocardial fibroelastosis resection compared to only a 6.9% growth at Stage 1. CONCLUSION: Bidirectional Glenn was the most effective palliation stage for left ventricular growth. Recruitment in patients at this stage was associated with growth that exceeds those who did not have recruitment. This stage also best demonstrates the ability and success of growing a small ventricle to be adequate for biventricular conversion. Left ventricular growth at Fontan circulation holds promising results that are a point of interest for more studies. Endocardial Fibroelastosis resection is more effective on left ventricular growth at Bidirectional Glenn and Fontan compared to Stage 1.

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Lopez, Maria Celia Raquel. "Biventricular repair of hypoplastic left heart syndrome: Hemodynamic effects of intraventricular balloon pumping in neonatal piglets." 2007. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=788872&T=F.

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Lum, Sandy. "Bi-ventricular repair for hypoplastic left heart syndrome: The control requirements of an intraventricular balloon pump /." 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1257778421&sid=8&Fmt=2&clientId=12520&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Alnour, Fouzi. "‘Knockout-first’ mouse model as a biological tool to study the role of KIAA0182 gene in hypoplastic left heart syndrome." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0028-86F2-B.

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杉浦, 純也, and Junya Sugiura. "Effects of tricuspid valve surgery on tricuspid regurgitation in patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome: a non-randomized series comparing surgical and non-surgical cases." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/20408.

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Liu, Xiaopeng. "Induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) as a model to study functional contribution of endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in HLHS." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7CC4-9.

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