Статті в журналах: "Hyper-accumulation"

1

Padmavathiamma, Prabha K., and Loretta Y. Li. "Phytoremediation Technology: Hyper-accumulation Metals in Plants." Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 184, no. 1-4 (May 22, 2007): 105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11270-007-9401-5.

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2

Liang, Le, Ran Zhang, Yan Zhao, Ying Zhu, Qiaoman Ao, and Yi Tang. "Effects of hyperaccumulator plant straw on biomass and cadmium accumulation of lettuce." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 07005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913607005.

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To study the effects of hyper-accumulator plant straw on the biomass and cadmium (Cd) accumulation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa), the pot experiments were conducted to study the effects of straw application of three hyper-accumulator plants (Solanum nigrum, Bidens pilosa and Galinsoga parviflora) on the biomass and Cd accumulation of lettuce under Cd stress. The results show that: compared with no straw application, the biomass of lettuce was increased after applying three kinds of hyper-accumulator plant straw: S. nigrum, B. pilosa and G. parviflora, Cd content in the above ground part of lettuce was increased by 4.46%, 1.20% and 0.63% respectively, compared with that of non-application, and Cd content in the root of lettuce was decreased. The application of three kinds of hyperaccumulator plant straw promoted the growth of lettuce and increased Cd uptake by lettuce of aerial part.

3

Hussain, Jamshaid, Wajeeha Saeed, Tatheer Alam Naqvi, Mohammad Maroof Shah, Raza Ahmad, Amjad Hassan, and Qaisar Mahmood. "Dietary Toxicity of Lead and Hyper-Accumulation in Petroselinum crispum." Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering 40, no. 7 (November 28, 2014): 1819–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-014-1526-4.

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4

Wei, Feng, Zhu Yan, Tian Yongchao, Cao Weixing, Yao Xia, and Li Yingxue. "Monitoring leaf nitrogen accumulation in wheat with hyper-spectral remote sensing." Acta Ecologica Sinica 28, no. 1 (January 2008): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1872-2032(08)60018-9.

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5

Wang, Yuyi, Rongzhi Tan, Chyandeng Jan, and Bing Tian. "Gravel accumulation in deposits of viscous debris flows with hyper-concentration." Journal of Mountain Science 6, no. 1 (February 13, 2009): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-009-0120-9.

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6

Meroni, Marica, Paola Dongiovanni, Miriam Longo, Fabrizia Carli, Guido Baselli, Raffaela Rametta, Serena Pelusi, et al. "Mboat7 down-regulation by hyper-insulinemia induces fat accumulation in hepatocytes." EBioMedicine 52 (February 2020): 102658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102658.

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7

Sengupta, Soumya, Gargee Bhattacharya, Subhasmita Mohanty, Shubham K. Shaw, Gajendra M. Jogdand, Rohila Jha, Prakash K. Barik, Jyoti R. Parida, and Satish Devadas. "IL-21, Inflammatory Cytokines and Hyperpolarized CD8+ T Cells Are Central Players in Lupus Immune Pathology." Antioxidants 12, no. 1 (January 12, 2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010181.

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Systemic lupus erythematous (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, broadly characterized by systemic inflammation along with heterogeneous clinical manifestations, severe morbidity, moribund organ failure and eventual mortality. In our study, SLE patients displayed a higher percentage of activated, inflamed and hyper-polarized CD8+ T cells, dysregulated CD8+ T cell differentiation, significantly elevated serum inflammatory cytokines and higher accumulation of cellular ROS when compared to healthy controls. Importantly, these hyper-inflammatory/hyper-polarized CD8+ T cells responded better to an antioxidant than to an oxidant. Terminally differentiated Tc1 cells also showed plasticity upon oxidant/antioxidant treatment, but that was in contrast to the SLE CD8+ T cell response. Our studies suggest that the differential phenotype and redox response of SLE CD8+ T cells and Tc1 cells could be attributed to their cytokine environs during their respective differentiation and eventual activation environs. The polarization of Tc1 cells with IL-21 drove hyper-cytotoxicity without hyper-polarisation suggesting that the SLE inflammatory cytokine environment could drive the extreme aberrancy in SLE CD8+ T cells.

8

YAMAZAKI, H., K. ISHII, S. MATSUYAMA, A. TERAKAWA, Y. KIKUCHI, Y. KAWAMURA, K. FUJIKI, et al. "PIXE STUDY ON ARSENIC ACCUMULATION BY A FERN (PTERIS VITTATA)." International Journal of PIXE 20, no. 03n04 (January 2010): 119–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012908351000204x.

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Pteris vittata is a fern reported to be an arsenic hyper-accumulator. To develop the practical application of the fern to a phytoremediation technique, it is necessary to explicate the effective accumulation mechanism. In this study, the arsenic distribution and the elemental correlation in the cellular level were examined in the fronds supplied with arsenate and arsenite separately via xylem vessel using an in-air micro-PIXE system at Tohoku University. The difference in transportation rate between arsenate and arsenite as well as the translocation of elements necessary for plant metabolism was revealed in different tissues of the fronds accumulating arsenic in high concentration. Hence, the in-air micro-PIXE analysis is an effective measure for undertaking phytoremediation research of hyper-accumulator plants.

9

Chukkapalli, Vineela, Kristi L. Berger, Sean M. Kelly, Meryl Thomas, Alexander Deiters, and Glenn Randall. "Daclatasvir inhibits hepatitis C virus NS5A motility and hyper-accumulation of phosphoinositides." Virology 476 (February 2015): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2014.12.018.

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10

Petelenz-Kurdziel, Elzbieta, Clemens Kuehn, Bodil Nordlander, Dagmara Klein, Kuk-Ki Hong, Therese Jacobson, Peter Dahl, et al. "Quantitative Analysis of Glycerol Accumulation, Glycolysis and Growth under Hyper Osmotic Stress." PLoS Computational Biology 9, no. 6 (June 6, 2013): e1003084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1003084.

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11

Tjahjono, Agus Eko, Yachiyo Hayama, Toshihide Kakizono, Yoshio Terada, Naomichi Nishio, and Shiro Nagai. "Hyper-accumulation of astaxanthin in a green algaHaematococcus pluvialis at elevated temperatures." Biotechnology Letters 16, no. 2 (February 1994): 133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01021659.

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12

Lanzillotta, Chiara, Ilaria Zuliani, Chirag Vasavda, Solomon H. Snyder, Bindu D. Paul, Marzia Perluigi, Fabio Di Domenico, and Eugenio Barone. "BVR-A Deficiency Leads to Autophagy Impairment through the Dysregulation of AMPK/mTOR Axis in the Brain—Implications for Neurodegeneration." Antioxidants 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9080671.

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Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) impairment is associated with increased accumulation of oxidatively-damaged proteins along with the impairment of autophagy in the brain during neurodegenerative disorders. Reduced autophagy inhibits the clearance of misfolded proteins, which then form neurotoxic aggregates promoting neuronal death. The aim of our study was to clarify the role for BVR-A in the regulation of the mTOR/autophagy axis by evaluating age-associated changes (2, 6 and 11 months) in cerebral cortex samples collected from BVR-A knock-out (BVR-A−/−) and wild-type (WT) mice. Our results show that BVR-A deficiency leads to the accumulation of oxidatively-damaged proteins along with mTOR hyper-activation in the cortex. This process starts in juvenile mice and persists with aging. mTOR hyper-activation is associated with the impairment of autophagy as highlighted by reduced levels of Beclin-1, LC3β, LC3II/I ratio, Atg5–Atg12 complex and Atg7 in the cortex of BVR-A−/− mice. Furthermore, we have identified the dysregulation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) as a critical event driving mTOR hyper-activation in the absence of BVR-A. Overall, our results suggest that BVR-A is a new player in the regulation of autophagy, which may be targeted to arrive at novel therapeutics for diseases involving impaired autophagy.

13

Abubakari, Farida, Philip Nti Nkrumah, Peter D. Erskine, Gillian K. Brown, Denise R. Fernando, Guillaume Echevarria, and Antony van der Ent. "Manganese (hyper)accumulation within Australian Denhamia (Celastraceae): an assessment of the trait and manganese accumulation under controlled conditions." Plant and Soil 463, no. 1-2 (March 13, 2021): 205–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-021-04833-z.

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14

Marinelli, Maurizio. "Tianjin's Worldly Ambitions: From Hyper-Colonial Space to ‘Business Park’." Open House International 34, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 26–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2009-b0004.

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Between 1860 and 1945, the Chinese port city of Tianjin was the site of up to nine foreign-controlled concessions, functioning side by side. Rogaski defined it as a ‘hyper-colony’, a term which reflects Tianjin's socio-political intricacies and the multiple colonial discourses of power and space. This essay focuses on the transformation of the Tianjin cityscape during the last 150 years, and aims at connecting the hyper-colonial socio-spatial forms with the processes of post-colonial identity construction. Tianjin is currently undergoing a massive renovation program: its transmogrifying cityscape unveils multiple layers of ‘globalizing’ spatialities and temporalities, throwing into relief processes of power and capital accumulation, which operate via the urban regeneration's experiment. This study uses an ‘interconnected history’ approach and traces the interweaving ‘worlding’ nodes of today's Tianjin back to the global connections established in the city during the hyper-colonial period. What emerges is Tianjin's simultaneous tendency towards ‘world-class-ness’ and ‘China-class-ness’.

15

Shangguan, Songtao, Xiaolan Qiu, and Kun Fu. "Research on A Special Hyper-Pixel for SAR Radiometric Monitoring." Remote Sensing 15, no. 8 (April 20, 2023): 2175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15082175.

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The objects presented in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images are the products of the joint actions of ground objects and SAR sensors in specific geospatial contexts. With the accumulation of massive time-domain SAR data, scholars have the opportunity to better understand ground-object targets and sensor systems, providing some useful feedback for SAR-data processing. Aiming at normalized and low-cost SAR radiometric monitoring, this paper proposes a new hyper-pixel concept for handling multi-pixel ensembles of semantic ground targets. The special hyper-pixel in this study refers to low-rise single-family residential areas, and its radiation reference is highly stable in the time domain when the other dimensions are fixed. The stability of its radiometric data can reach the level of 0.3 dB (1σ), as verified by the multi-temporal data from Sentinel-1. A comparison with tropical-rainforest data verified its availability for SAR radiometric monitoring, and possible radiation variations and radiation-intensity shifts in the Sentinel-1B SAR products ere experimentally monitored. In this paper, the effects of seasonal climate and of the relative geometrical states observed on the intensity of the hyper-pixel’s radiation are investigated. This paper proposes a novel hyper-pixel concept for processing and interpreting SAR-image data. The proposed residential hyper-pixel is shown to be useful in multi-temporal-data observations for normalized radiometric monitoring and has the potential to be used for cross-calibration, in addition to other applications.

16

Sousa, Tânia, Rita Branco, Ana Paula Piedade, and Paula V. Morais. "Hyper Accumulation of Arsenic in Mutants of Ochrobactrum tritici Silenced for Arsenite Efflux Pumps." PLOS ONE 10, no. 7 (July 1, 2015): e0131317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0131317.

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17

Vonlanthen, Sofie, David Dauvillée, and Saul Purton. "Evaluation of novel starch-deficient mutants of Chlorella sorokiniana for hyper-accumulation of lipids." Algal Research 12 (November 2015): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.algal.2015.08.008.

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18

Ma, Yuhan, Srinivasan Balamurugan, Wasiqi Yuan, Fan Yang, Caiguo Tang, Hao Hu, Huilan Zhang, et al. "Quercetin potentiates the concurrent hyper-accumulation of cellular biomass and lipids in Chlorella vulgaris." Bioresource Technology 269 (December 2018): 434–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2018.07.151.

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19

Saa-Aondo, M., A. Asose, K. M. Kalu, J. M. Yelwa, S. Abdullahi, E. K. Chinedu, and J. A. Ndahi. "Efficiencies of Heavy Metal Hyper-accumulation Plants as Potential Land Remediators for Heavy Metal Polluted Soils." Asian Journal of Current Research 9, no. 1 (February 3, 2024): 60–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.56557/ajocr/2024/v9i18525.

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The purpose of this study was to determine which hyper accumulator plant is more efficient for phytoremediation of heavy metals in a heavy metal polluted soil. The plants used were Sunflower (Helianthus annuus), Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis), Guinea grass (Panicum maximum), Bahama grass (Cynodon dactylon), and Vertiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanioides). Heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Ag and Hg were impregnated in the soil samples and analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The plants were planted in the heavy metal polluted soil and harvested after 75 days to determine the percentage concentration of the heavy metals in the root and shoot of the plants. The result showed that heavy metals were hyper-accumulated in the roots and shoots of the plants at the end of the investigation. The heavy metals with a percentage concentration above 50 % can be used as a phytoremediator of that particular metal in a polluted soil. It was discovered that the best hyperaccumulator plants for Pb is the Sunflower, for Zn and Cd is the Bahama grass, for Cu and Ag is the Vertiver grass whilst, for Hg is the Guinea grass.

20

Yeats, Trevor H., Hagit Sorek, David E. Wemmer, and Chris R. Somerville. "Cellulose Deficiency Is Enhanced on Hyper Accumulation of Sucrose by a H+-Coupled Sucrose Symporter." Plant Physiology 171, no. 1 (March 24, 2016): 110–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.16.00302.

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21

Takeuchi, Ikuo. "Hyper-accumulation of 123I-iodoamphetamine in the infarcted area during subacute phase of ischemic stroke." Nosotchu 13, no. 5 (1991): 352–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3995/jstroke.13.352.

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22

Minichino, Danielle E., and Edward Behrens. "Hyper MAPK/ERK signaling in DCs causes increased LPS-induced TNFa at the post-transcriptional level." Journal of Immunology 206, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2021): 64.14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.64.14.

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Abstract Background: Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis (LCH) is an inflammatory disease driven by abnormal dendritic cells (DCs) with hyper-MAPK/ERK signaling, usually due to Braf-V600E mutation. Since DCs are poised with Toll like Receptors (TLRs), which utilize MAPK/ERK signaling to incite an immune response, we hypothesize that LCH cells have a hyper-TLR response. Methods: We use an animal model of LCH (CD11c-Cre:BRAFV600E-flox; which expresses Braf-V600E in DCs) to measure serum TNFa and tnfa transcripts in CD11c+ splenocytes after LPS injection. Cultured BMDCs were pre-treated with/without a V600E-inhibitor before LPS stimulation. We measured intracellular TNFa, secretion and reuptake of TNFa, tnfa transcripts, NFkB signaling, TNFa degradation, and TACE activity. Results: LCH mice have increased LPS-induced circulating TNFa compared to WT. LCH-BMDCs have reversible LPS-induced increase in TNFa secretion and intracellular accumulation, but decreased tnfa and tlr4 transcripts and NFkB signaling compared to WT. There is no difference in TACE activity, TNFa reuptake, or protein degradation. Conclusions: Hyper-MAPK/ERK signaling in DCs causes a hyper LPS-induced TNFa response, despite diminished LPS signaling. Increased intracellular TNFa indicates a cell intrinsic, post-transcriptional mechanism. Current experiments are analyzing translation of TNFa, which is implicated by MAPK/ERK signaling. These data indicate novel effects of Braf-V600E on LPS-induced TNFa production, and current studies are investigating whether this is a more global phenomenon.

23

Israël Prince, Massembo, Mankessi François, Shaolong Sun, and Xiao Lin Fan. "Effects of alkaline fertilizer and rice cultivation (Oryza sativa L.) on remediation of soils polluted with cadmium (Cd)." Journal of Applied Biosciences 157 (October 31, 2021): 16182–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.157.4.

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Objective: The objective of this study was to develop a simple and feasible methodology which makes possible restoration of soils polluted by cadmium using two types of fertilizers (alkaline and conventional), and the technique of phytoremediation (low rice variety, and hyper accumulator of cadmium). Methodology and results: Its application mode was experimented at Guangdong Provincial Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Fertilizer Engineering Technology in Guangzhou, republic of china. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with an average daytime temperature of 25.5°C, in the city of Guangzhou (China). Polyethylene pots with an inner diameter of 25 cm and a height of 25 cm were each filled with 5 kg of air-dried soil and passed through a 1cmx1cm mesh of a sieve. Four factors were studied, soil contamination level (soil contaminated with Cd, soil with low Cd contamination), pH of the fertilizer (high, pH = 9.5, normal pH 5.8), dosage of the fertilizer applied (low level, medium level, high level) and low Cd accumulating rice variety (Xiangwanxian 12) and hyper Cd accumulating rice (Yuzhenxiang). Soil samples taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm were delivered to the laboratory for analyses. Results obtained showed that the soil pH was higher with the treatment of alkaline fertilizer compared to that of normal fertilizer. The pH in the soil contaminated with Cd was 5.80 (alkaline fertilizer applied), higher than that of 5.74 (normal fertilizer applied), alkaline fertilizer improve pH soil, cure Cd pollution, bring to rice specific nutrients, at specific moment that rice need to growth and achieve the effect of inhibiting soil pollution, more in hyper accumulation rice than that low accumulation one. Conclusion and application of results: The results should be helpful in determining appropriate amounts of alkaline fertilizer rice farmers should use to return farm land to productive food crop use, beyond that it was thought cane would be helpful in cadmium uptake from soil. Some rice farmers were reluctant to follow this transition and insisted on growing their rice for survival, alkaline fertilizers can better stop soil pollution and increase the soil pH value. The application of alkaline fertilizer achieves the effect of "controlling Cd pollution with fertilizer". Key words: alkaline fertilizer, pH, Cd, normal pH fertilizer, accumulation

24

Johnson, Scott N., Rebecca K. Vandegeer, Justin O. Borevitz, Susan E. Hartley, David T. Tissue, and Casey R. Hall. "Climatic Drivers of Silicon Accumulation in a Model Grass Operate in Low- but Not High-Silicon Soils." Plants 12, no. 5 (February 22, 2023): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12050995.

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Grasses are hyper-accumulators of silicon (Si), which is known to alleviate diverse environmental stresses, prompting speculation that Si accumulation evolved in response to unfavourable climatic conditions, including seasonally arid environments. We conducted a common garden experiment using 57 accessions of the model grass Brachypodium distachyon, sourced from different Mediterranean locations, to test relationships between Si accumulation and 19 bioclimatic variables. Plants were grown in soil with either low or high (Si supplemented) levels of bioavailable Si. Si accumulation was negatively correlated with temperature variables (annual mean diurnal temperature range, temperature seasonality, annual temperature range) and precipitation seasonality. Si accumulation was positively correlated with precipitation variables (annual precipitation, precipitation of the driest month and quarter, and precipitation of the warmest quarter). These relationships, however, were only observed in low-Si soils and not in Si-supplemented soils. Our hypothesis that accessions of B. distachyon from seasonally arid conditions have higher Si accumulation was not supported. On the contrary, higher temperatures and lower precipitation regimes were associated with lower Si accumulation. These relationships were decoupled in high-Si soils. These exploratory results suggest that geographical origin and prevailing climatic conditions may play a role in predicting patterns of Si accumulation in grasses.

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Cohen, Zoya, Yair Maimon, Noah Samuels, Hadar Brand, Aaron Sulkes, Baruch Brenner, and Raanan Berger. "Strong Synergic Growth Inhibition and Death Induction of Cancer Cells by Astragalus membranaceus and Vaccaria hispanica Extract." Cancers 14, no. 23 (November 26, 2022): 5833. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235833.

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We present here a new, classification-based screening method for anti-cancer botanical combinations. Using this method, we discovered that the combination of Astragalus membranaceus and Vaccaria hispanica (AV) has strong synergic anti-proliferative and killing effects on cancer cells. We showed that AV induces the hyper activation of proliferation and survival pathways (Akt and ERK1/2) and strongly downregulates the cell cycle control proteins p21 and p27. Moreover, FACS analyses revealed that AV induces accumulation of cells in G2/M phase, supported by accumulation of cyclin A. Taken together, our results suggest that AV interferes with the cell cycle in cancer cells, leading to accumulation in G2/M and apoptosis. Further studies are needed to validate the generalizability of the anti-cancer effect of the AV combination, to fully understand its mechanism of action and to evaluate its potential as a new anti-cancer treatment.

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Jost, Philipp J., Monica Yabal, Heiko Adler, Nathalie Knies, Christina Groß, Rune Busk Damgaard, Hirokazu Kanegane, et al. "A Mouse Model for XLP-2 Disease Uncovers a Critical Function for IL-1beta and TNF in Driving Hyper-Inflammation." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.1403.1403.

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Abstract The hyper-inflammatory syndrome X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 2 (XLP-2) is defined by mutations in BIRC4 (XIAP). XLP-2 is often diagnosed in paediatric patients and is characterized by hyper-inflammation triggered by common viral infections. Symptoms include splenomegaly, HLH, fevers, and chronic haemorrhagic colitis among others. Recent work has also shown that mutations in BIRC4 predispose to the development of early-onset IBD, which is not necessarily associated with symptoms of systemic hyper-inflammation. Symptoms of XLP-2 are mostly attributed to the aberrant activation of macrophages and dendritic cells (DC) and the subsequent accumulation of activated T-lymphocytes. We have characterized the inflammatory response of mice deficient for BIRC4 (XIAP) to viral infections with the murine herpes virus 68 (MHV-68) as the closest murine model for human EBV-driven mononucleosis. Xiap-/- mice were capable of clearing the virus normally during early infection (day 6, 16), but failed to do so during the course of the infection measured as elevated viral genomic loads during late (day 43) and very late (day 84) latency. Xiap-/- mice responded to intranasal application of the virus with systemic hyper-inflammation exemplified by elevated IL-1beta levels, splenomegaly and increased activation of peripheral T lymphocytes such as CD4+ effector T cells, regulatory T cells (Treg), and IFNg+ T cells. In previous work, we have shown that TNF is critically required to drive the hyper-inflammatory phenotype of macrophages and dendritic cells of XIAP-deficient mice. Indeed, genetic deletion of TNF in vivo or, alternatively, anti-TNF treatment in vivo using Eternacept (Enbrel) ameliorated the symptoms of XIAP-deficient mice in response to viral infection. Elevated IL-1beta levels were also observed in human peripheral blood-derived monocytes from XLP-2 patients (7 patients from 5 different families) when compared to healthy controls. In conclusion, this data supports the notion that anti-TNF treatment might be able to ameliorate the hyper-inflammatory responses in XLP-2 patients, when used early during an infection. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Liu, Cheng, Shiguang Shao, Lei Zhang, Yiheng Du, Kaining Chen, Chengxin Fan, and Yang Yu. "Sulfur Development in the Water-Sediment System of the Algae Accumulation Embay Area in Lake Taihu." Water 11, no. 9 (August 31, 2019): 1817. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091817.

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Sulfur development in water-sediment systems is closely related to eutrophication and harmful algae blooms (HABs). However, the development of sulfur in water-sediment systems during heavy algae accumulation still remains unclear, especially in hyper-eutrophic shallow lakes. In this study, a quarterly field investigation was carried out for a year in the algae accumulated embay area of Lake Taihu, accompanied by a short-term laboratory experiment on algae accumulation. The results show that hydrogen sulfide and methanethiol dominated the volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) in the water during non-accumulation seasons, whereas the concentrations of dimethyl sulfides increased during heavy algae accumulation, both in the field and the laboratory. An increase in the acid volatile sulfide (AVS) in the surface sediments was also discovered together with the increase in dimethyl sulfides. The depletion of oxygen in the overlying water and sediment–water interface during the heavy algae accumulation and decomposition was found to be closely related to both the increase in VSCs in the overlying water and increase in AVS in the sediment. The increased concentrations of these reductive sulfocompounds might aggravate the eutrophication and HABs and should be given more consideration in future eutrophication control plans for lakes.

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Sávio-Silva, Christian, Poliana E. Soinski-Sousa, Antônio Simplício-Filho, Rosana M. C. Bastos, Stephany Beyerstedt, and Érika Bevilaqua Rangel. "Therapeutic Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in a Pre-Clinical Model of Diabetic Kidney Disease and Obesity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22041546.

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Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a worldwide microvascular complication of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). From several pathological mechanisms involved in T2DM-DKD, we focused on mitochondria damage induced by hyperglycemia-driven reactive species oxygen (ROS) accumulation and verified whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, autophagy modulation, and pro-mitochondria homeostasis therapeutic potential curtailed T2DM-DKD progression. For that purpose, we grew immortalized glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in hyper glucose media containing hydrogen peroxide. MSCs prevented these cells from apoptosis-induced cell death, ROS accumulation, and mitochondria membrane potential impairment. Additionally, MSCs recovered GMCs’ biogenesis and mitophagy-related gene expression that were downregulated by stress media. In BTBRob/ob mice, a robust model of T2DM-DKD and obesity, MSC therapy (1 × 106 cells, two doses 4-weeks apart, intra-peritoneal route) led to functional and structural kidney improvement in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, MSC-treated animals exhibited lower levels of urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, less mesangial expansion, higher number of podocytes, up-regulation of mitochondria-related survival genes, a decrease in autophagy hyper-activation, and a potential decrease in cleaved-caspase 3 expression. Collectively, these novel findings have important implications for the advancement of cell therapy and provide insights into cellular and molecular mechanisms of MSC-based therapy in T2DM-DKD setting.

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Qi, Weijun, Xinyue Liu, Lianghe Lv, Shuang Cui, Jianyu Jiang, Jing Jiang, and Ziyue Zhu. "Advances in Bioremediation of Agricultural Soil Contamination." E3S Web of Conferences 406 (2023): 01022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202340601022.

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With the rapid advancement of industrialization and agricultural intensification, the issue of farmland pollution has garnered significant attention. This paper introduces the sources and hazards of farmland pollution, along with the types, principles, and technical advantages of bioremediation. Additionally, it makes a brief prediction of future farmland restoration efforts. Research indicates that the primary sources of farmland pollution currently include four factors: the natural environment, atmospheric deposition, irrigation water, and agricultural production activities. There are two primary methods of remediation for farmland contamination: phytoremediation and microbial remediation. Phytoremediation is mainly used in heavy metal pollution treatment and can be divided into hyper-accumulation plants and low-accumulation crops based on the remediation method. Microbial remediation, meanwhile, is primarily utilized to remediate organic pollution and assist phytoremediation.

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Matioli, Maria Niures P. S., and Ricardo Nitrini. "Mechanisms linking brain insulin resistance to Alzheimer's disease." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 9, no. 2 (June 2015): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642015dn92000003.

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Several studies have indicated that Diabetes Mellitus (DM) can increase the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease (AD). This review briefly describes current concepts in mechanisms linking DM and insulin resistance/deficiency to AD. Insulin/insulin-like growth factor (IGF) resistance can contribute to neurodegeneration by several mechanisms which involve: energy and metabolism deficits, impairment of Glucose transporter-4 function, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, accumulation of AGEs, ROS and RNS with increased production of neuro-inflammation and activation of pro-apoptosis cascade. Impairment in insulin receptor function and increased expression and activation of insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) have also been described. These processes compromise neuronal and glial function, with a reduction in neurotransmitter homeostasis. Insulin/IGF resistance causes the accumulation of AβPP-Aβ oligomeric fibrils or insoluble larger aggregated fibrils in the form of plaques that are neurotoxic. Additionally, there is production and accumulation of hyper-phosphorylated insoluble fibrillar tau which can exacerbate cytoskeletal collapse and synaptic disconnection.

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Ali Esmail Al-Snafi. "Medicinal plants with cholinesterase inhibitory activity and their applications." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 235–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.1.0154.

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Cholinesterase catalyzes the hydrolysis of acetylcholine in the synapse, into choline and acetic acid, a reaction necessary to return the cholinergic neuron in the central and peripheral nervous systems, to the resting potential after activation. The cholinesterase enzyme inactivation, or inhibition induced by various inhibitors, leads to accumulation of acetylcholine, and subsequent hyper-stimulation of nicotinic and muscarinic receptors. Hence, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, are applied as relevant drugs and toxins. The current review highlighted the medicinal plants with cholinesterase inhibitory effects.

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Huang, Ping, Guangwei Chen, Weifeng Jin, Kunjun Mao, Haitong Wan, and Yu He. "Molecular Mechanisms of Parthanatos and Its Role in Diverse Diseases." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 13 (June 30, 2022): 7292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23137292.

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Differential evolution of apoptosis, programmed necrosis, and autophagy, parthanatos is a form of cell death mediated by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1), which is caused by DNA damage. PARP1 hyper-activation stimulates apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) nucleus translocation, and accelerates nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) depletion, leading to DNA fragmentation. The mechanisms of parthanatos mainly include DNA damage, PARP1 hyper-activation, PAR accumulation, NAD+ and ATP depletion, and AIF nucleus translocation. Now, it is reported that parthanatos widely exists in different diseases (tumors, retinal diseases, neurological diseases, diabetes, renal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, ischemia-reperfusion injury...). Excessive or defective parthanatos contributes to pathological cell damage; therefore, parthanatos is critical in the therapy and prevention of many diseases. In this work, the hallmarks and molecular mechanisms of parthanatos and its related disorders are summarized. The questions raised by the recent findings are also presented. Further understanding of parthanatos will provide a new treatment option for associated conditions.

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Kodani, Samuel, Samson Mutengwa, Sheliter Mutandwa, Dr Claid Mujaju, and Dr Dumisani Kutywayo. "Heavy Metal Accumulation Trends for Tsunga, Tomatoes and Rape in Soils from Two Provinces of Zimbabwe." Middle East Research Journal of Agriculture and Food Science 4, no. 03 (June 22, 2024): 109–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/merjafs.2024.v04i03.003.

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Tomatoes, tsunga (mustard) and rape were sampled from Mashonaland East and Central provinces of Zimbabwe. Aim was to assess hyper accumulative tendency of these towards heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, and Pb). Most of these heavy metals were noted to be of anthropogenic origin. Co, Mn and Cr were noted to be naturally inherent in Mushimbo, Mutoko soils. Heavy metal levels in irrigation water were within internationally acceptable ranges according to ATSDR. There was no direct reflection of level dependency between the water and plants studied. Bioaccumulation of cadmium and lead levels occurred in all vegetables despite low levels in the soil environment. High heavy metal levels in arable land as compared to virgin land proves contamination at play and also the anthropogenic origin. It was concluded that different vegetables accrue different heavy metals at different rates under the same environment. It was recommended to do more investigations on factors that determine absorption and hyper accumulation tendency of heavy metals in plants. This data could be used as a basis for recommending what crops to grow and in specific areas hence promote food safety in addition to food security for the nation.

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YOSHIHARA, TOSHIHIRO, NOBUO SUZUI, SATOMI ISHII, MAYU KITAZAKI, HARUAKI YAMAZAKI, KAZUYOSHI KITAZAKI, NAOKI KAWACHI, et al. "A kinetic analysis of cadmium accumulation in a Cd hyper-accumulator fern,Athyrium yokoscenseand tobacco plants." Plant, Cell & Environment 37, no. 5 (November 8, 2013): 1086–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/pce.12217.

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Kumar De, Arnab, Arijit Ghosh, Debabrata Dolui, Indraneel Saha, and Malay Kumar Adak. "2,4-D Hyper Accumulation Induced Cellular Responses of Azolla pinnata R. Br. to Sustain Herbicidal Stress." Phyton 89, no. 4 (2020): 999–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.32604/phyton.2020.010828.

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CHEN, Tongbin. "Effect of phosphorus on arsenic accumulation in As-hyper- accumulator Pteris vittata L. and its implication." Chinese Science Bulletin 47, no. 22 (2002): 1876. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/02tb9410.

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Carmean, Christopher M., Alexandria M. Bobe, Justin C. Yu, Paul A. Volden, and Matthew J. Brady. "Refeeding-Induced Brown Adipose Tissue Glycogen Hyper-Accumulation in Mice Is Mediated by Insulin and Catecholamines." PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (July 4, 2013): e67807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0067807.

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YANG, Chuen-Mao, Chin-Sung CHIEN, Chuan-Chwan WANG, Yan-Mei HSU, Chi-Tso CHIU, Chih-Chung LIN, Shue-Fen LUO та Li-Der HSIAO. "Interleukin-1β enhances bradykinin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis and Ca2+ mobilization in canine tracheal smooth-muscle cells: involvement of the Ras/Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase (MEK)/MAPK pathway". Biochemical Journal 354, № 2 (22 лютого 2001): 439–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3540439.

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Elevated levels of several cytokines including interleukin-1β (IL-1β) have been detected in airway fluid of asthmatic patients. Inhalation of IL-1β induced a bronchial hyper-reactivity to contractile agonists. However, the implication of IL-1β in the pathogenesis of bronchial hyper-reactivity is not completely understood. Therefore, we investigated the effect of IL-1β on bradykinin (BK)-induced inositol phosphate [Ins(X)P] accumulation and Ca2+ mobilization, and up-regulation of BK receptor density in canine cultured tracheal smooth-muscle cells (TSMCs). Treatment of TSMCs with IL-1β potentiated BK-induced Ins(X)P accumulation and Ca2+ mobilization. However, there was no effect on the Ins(X)P response induced by endothelin-1, 5-hydroxytryptamine or carbachol. Treatment with platelet-derived growth factor B-chain homodimer (PDGF-BB) also enhanced the BK-induced Ins(X)P response. These enhancements by IL-1β and PDGF-BB might be due to an up-regulation of BK B2 receptor density (Bmax), since [3H]BK binding to TSMCs was inhibited by the B2-selective agonist and antagonist, BK and Hoe 140, but not by B1-selective reagents. The enhancing effects of IL-1β and PDGF-BB on Ins(X)P accumulation, Ca2+ mobilization and Bmax were attenuated by PD98059 [an inhibitor of activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase, MEK] and cycloheximide (an inhibitor of protein synthesis), suggesting that IL-1β may share a common signalling pathway with PDGF-BB via protein synthesis. Furthermore, overexpression of dominant negative mutants, H-Ras-15A and Raf-N4, significantly suppressed the up-regulation of BK receptors induced by IL-1β, indicating that Ras and Raf may be required for activation of these kinases. These results suggest that the augmentation of BK-induced responses produced by IL-1β might be, at least in part, mediated through activation of the Ras/Raf/MEK/MAPK pathway in TSMCs.

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Nie, Changliang, Liqun Jiang, Qingjie Hou, Zhigang Yang, Ze Yu, and Haiyan Pei. "Heuristic Optimization of Culture Conditions for Stimulating Hyper-Accumulation of Biomass and Lipid in Golenkinia SDEC-16." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 21, 2020): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040964.

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Overproduction of biomass and hyper-accumulation of lipids endow microalgae with promising characteristics to realize the cost-effective potential of advanced bioenergy. This study sought to heuristically optimize the culture conditions on a rarely reported Golenkinia sp. The results indicate that Golenkinia SDEC-16 can withstand the strong light intensity and grow in a modified BG11 medium. The optimal culture conditions for the favorable tradeoff between biomass and lipid accumulation were suggested as follows, 25,000 lux of light intensity, 9 mM of initial nitrogen concentration, and 20 mM of initial sodium chloride concentration. Under these conditions, the biomass concentration and productivity reached 6.65 g/L and 545 mg/L/d, and the synchronous lipid content and productivity reached 54.38% and 296.39 mg/L/d. Hypersalinity significantly promoted lipid contents at the cost of biomass and resulted in an increase of cell size but loss of spines of Golenkinia SDEC-16. The results shed new light on optimizing biomass and lipid productivity.

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Kotova, М. М., Т. О. Kolesnikova, and A. V. Kalueff. "Modeling Taupathies in Zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>)." Российский физиологический журнал им И М Сеченова 109, no. 11 (November 1, 2023): 1547–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0869813923110067.

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Taupathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases characterized by the accumulation of tau-protein in the brain, causing clinical dementia. Tau protein stabilizes microtubules and regulates axonal transport, however, when hyper-phosphorylated, aggregates in the brain. Taupaties can be divided into primary and secondary (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease). Experimental animal models models are an important tool to study taupathies. Here, we discuss molecular mechanisms of taupathies and their existing experimental models in both rodents and novel alternative organisms, zebrafish (Danio rerio), as well as future novel directions of research in this field.

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Davamani, V., E. Parameswari, S. Arulmani, P. Doraisamy, J. S. Kennedy, and M. Maheswari. "Evaluation of localization of lead and nickel in plant cells of Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. absorbed from mine spoil waste." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 8, no. 3 (September 1, 2016): 1611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v8i3.1009.

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A detailed survey was undertaken in the sewage water contaminated areas of Coimbatore to select the natural hyper accumulators to rehabilitate the contaminated mine spoils. From this experiment the Pb and Ni accumulators, Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. were selected for further studies towards remediating the metal contaminated mine spoils. Microtomy of root, stem and leaf of Amaranthus sp. and Brassica sp. showed that the colour development in the plant species is evidence for accumulation of metals in different parts of plants and also tolerance mechanism employed by plant species under metal stress condition. The accumulation of heavy metals from soil to plant did not follow any particular pattern and varied with respect to metals, species and plant parts. However, the maximum Pb localization took place in root portion than in aerial parts. But the Ni accumulation was almost equal or higher in aerial parts (leaf and stem) compared to roots. This study revealed that the Amaranthus sp and Brassica sp stored lead and nickel in roots, leaves and stems. The roots showed more localization of metals followed by leaves and stems.

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Owino, Willis Omondi, Ryohei Nakano, Yasutaka Kubo, and Akitsugu Inaba. "Differential Regulation of Genes Encoding Ethylene Biosynthesis Enzymes and Ethylene Response Sensor Ortholog during Ripening and in Response to Wounding in Avocados." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 127, no. 4 (July 2002): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.127.4.520.

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We investigated the differential regulation of two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS) genes, one 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO) gene and one ethylene response sensor (ERS1) ortholog during ripening and in response to wounding in avocados (Persea americana Mill. `Bacon'). The 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) content, ACS activity and detectable expression of PA-ACS1 mRNA increased and reached a maximum prior to the climacteric peak, whereas ACO activity and the PA-ACO mRNA levels increased markedly only at the upsurge of ripening ethylene. A basal level of PA-ERS1 transcript was detected as from harvest, however, PA-ERS1 transcript was hyper-induced at the climacteric peak of ethylene production. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) application at thepreclimacteric and the onset of climacteric stages inhibited the ACS and ACO activities, the transcription of PA-ACS1 and suppressed PA-ACO and PA-ERS1 mRNAs to trace levels. Discontinuation of 1-MCP treatment led to super-induction of PA-ACS1, PA-ACO, and PA-ERS1 transcripts. Wound induced ethylene biosynthesis and wound-induced PA-ACS2 mRNA accumulation were enhanced by 1-MCP, whereas wound-induced PA-ACO mRNA accumulation was unaffected by 1-MCP. These results indicate positive feedback regulation of the PA-ACS1 gene and negative feedback regulation of the PA-ACS2 gene by ethylene, while PA-ACO exhibits positive feedback regulation by ethylene and is also induced by wounding. The hyper-induction of PA-ERS1 mRNA at relatively high concentrations of ethylene may be a mechanism of avocados to regulate the ethylene responsiveness of the tissues by dissipation of the gas.

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Zhang, Ying, Qi Chen, He Zhang, Qiang Wang, Rong Li, Yaping Jin, Haibin Wang, Tonghui Ma, Jie Qiao, and Enkui Duan. "Aquaporin-dependent excessive intrauterine fluid accumulation is a major contributor in hyper-estrogen induced aberrant embryo implantation." Cell Research 25, no. 1 (October 24, 2014): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/cr.2014.139.

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Karalija, Erna, Alisa Selović, Sabina Dahija, Arnela Demir, Jelena Samardžić, Ondřej Vrobel, Sanja Ćavar Zeljković, and Adisa Parić. "Use of seed priming to improve Cd accumulation and tolerance in Silene sendtneri, novel Cd hyper-accumulator." Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 210 (March 2021): 111882. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111882.

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Yoshikawa, Tetsuya, Teruo Susumu, Yuki Akiyoshi, Koichiro Fukuzaki, Ryoichi Nagata, Yasukatsu Izumi, Yasuhiro Wada, Yasuyoshi Watanabe, Hiroshi Iwao, and Go Kito. "Effect of edaravone on hyper-accumulation around the lesion by 18F-FDG PET in primate thromboembolic stroke." Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism 25, no. 1_suppl (August 2005): S528. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9591524.0528.

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Mišljenović, Tomica, Slobodan Jovanović, Nevena Mihailović, Boško Gajić, Gordana Tomović, Alan J. M. Baker, Guillaume Echevarria, and Ksenija Jakovljević. "Natural variation of nickel, zinc and cadmium (hyper)accumulation in facultative serpentinophytes Noccaea kovatsii and N. praecox." Plant and Soil 447, no. 1-2 (December 19, 2019): 475–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11104-019-04402-5.

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Wu, Yuze, Guojun Wei, and Ningning Zhao. "Restriction of Manganese Intake Prevents the Onset of Brain Manganese Overload in Zip14−/− Mice." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 6773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22136773.

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As a newly identified manganese transport protein, ZIP14 is highly expressed in the small intestine and liver, which are the two principal organs involved in regulating systemic manganese homeostasis. Loss of ZIP14 function leads to manganese overload in both humans and mice. Excess manganese in the body primarily affects the central nervous system, resulting in irreversible neurological disorders. Therefore, to prevent the onset of brain manganese accumulation becomes critical. In this study, we used Zip14−/− mice as a model for ZIP14 deficiency and discovered that these mice were born without manganese loading in the brain, but started to hyper-accumulate manganese within 3 weeks after birth. We demonstrated that decreasing manganese intake in Zip14−/− mice was effective in preventing manganese overload that typically occurs in these animals. Our results provide important insight into future studies that are targeted to reduce the onset of manganese accumulation associated with ZIP14 dysfunction in humans.

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Wang, Qin-Qing, Jia Lin, Qian-Zhi Zhou, Juan Peng, Qi Zhang, and Jiang-Hai Wang. "Hyper-Production of Pullulan by a Novel Fungus of Aureobasidium melanogenum ZH27 through Batch Fermentation." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 25, no. 1 (December 25, 2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms25010319.

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Pullulan, which is a microbial exopolysaccharide, has found widespread applications in foods, biomedicines, and cosmetics. Despite its versatility, most wild-type strains tend to yield low levels of pullulan production, and their mutants present genetic instability, achieving a limited increase in pullulan production. Therefore, mining new wild strains with robust pullulan-producing abilities remains an urgent concern. In this study, we found a novel strain, namely, Aureobasidium melanogenum ZH27, that had a remarkable pullulan-producing capacity and optimized its cultivation conditions using the one-factor-at-a-time method. To elucidate the reasons that drove the hyper-production of pullulan, we scrutinized changes in cell morphology and gene expressions. The results reveal that strain ZH27 achieved 115.4 ± 1.82 g/L pullulan with a productivity of 0.87 g/L/h during batch fermentation within 132 h under the optimized condition (OC). This pullulan titer increased by 105% compared with the initial condition (IC). Intriguingly, under the OC, swollen cells featuring 1–2 large vacuoles predominated during a rapid pullulan accumulation, while these swollen cells with one large vacuole and several smaller ones were prevalent under the IC. Moreover, the expressions of genes associated with pullulan accumulation and by-product synthesis were almost all upregulated. These findings suggest that swollen cells and large vacuoles may play pivotal roles in the high level of pullulan production, and the accumulation of by-products also potentially contributes to pullulan synthesis. This study provides a novel and promising candidate for industrial pullulan production.

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Ikezoe, Toru, Takahiro Shoji, Jia Guo, Fanru Shen, Hong S. Lu, Alan Daugherty, Masao Nunokawa, et al. "No Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on Elastase-Induced Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Progression." Biomolecules 11, no. 10 (September 30, 2021): 1434. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101434.

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Objective: Epidemiological studies link hyperlipidemia with increased risk for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs). However, the influence of lipid-lowering drugs statins on prevalence and progression of clinical and experimental AAAs varies between reports, engendering controversy on the association of hyperlipidemia with AAA disease. This study investigated the impact of hypercholesterolemia on elastase-induced experimental AAAs in mice. Methods: Both spontaneous (targeted deletion of apolipoprotein E) and induced mouse hypercholesterolemia models were employed. In male wild type (WT) C57BL/6J mice, hypercholesterolemia was induced via intraperitoneal injection of an adeno-associated virus (AAV) encoding a gain-of-function proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 mutation (PCSK9) followed by the administration of a high-fat diet (HFD) (PCSK9+HFD) for two weeks. As normocholesterolemic controls for PCSK9+HFD mice, WT mice were infected with PCSK9 AAV and fed normal chow, or injected with phosphate-buffered saline alone and fed HFD chow. AAAs were induced in all mice by intra-aortic infusion of porcine pancreatic elastase and assessed by ultrasonography and histopathology. Results: In spontaneous hyper- and normo-cholesterolemic male mice, the aortic diameter enlarged at a constant rate from day 3 through day 14 following elastase infusion. AAAs, defined as a more than 50% diameter increase over baseline measurements, formed in all mice. AAA progression was more pronounced in male mice, with or without spontaneous hyperlipidemia. The extent of elastin degradation and smooth muscle cell depletion were similar in spontaneous hyper- (score 3.5 for elastin and 4.0 for smooth muscle) and normo- (both scores 4.0) cholesterolemic male mice. Aortic mural macrophage accumulation was also equivalent between the two groups. No differences were observed in aortic accumulation of CD4+ or CD8+ T cells, B cells, or mural angiogenesis between male spontaneous hyper- and normocholesterolemic mice. Similarly, no influence of spontaneous hypercholesterolemia on characteristic aneurysmal histopathology was noted in female mice. In confirmatory experiments, induced hypercholesterolemia also exerted no appreciable effect on AAA progression and histopathologies. Conclusion: This study demonstrated no recognizable impact of hypercholesterolemia on elastase-induced experimental AAA progression in both spontaneous and induced hypercholesterolemia mouse models. These results add further uncertainty to the controversy surrounding the efficacy of statin therapy in clinical AAA disease.

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Housh, Alexandra Bauer, Mary Benoit, Stacy L. Wilder, Stephanie Scott, Garren Powell, Michael J. Schueller, and Richard A. Ferrieri. "Plant-Growth-Promoting Bacteria Can Impact Zinc Uptake in Zea mays: An Examination of the Mechanisms of Action Using Functional Mutants of Azospirillum brasilense." Microorganisms 9, no. 5 (May 6, 2021): 1002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9051002.

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Among the PGPB, the genus Azospirillum—with an emphasis on A. brasilense—is likely the most studied microorganism for mitigation of plant stress. Here, we report the investigation of functional mutants HM053, ipdC and FP10 of A. brasilense to understand how the biological functions of these microorganisms can affect host Zn uptake. HM053 is a Nif+ constitutively expressed strain that hyper-fixes N2 and produces high levels of the plant’s relevant hormone auxin. FP10 is a Nif- strain deficient in N2-fixation. ipdC is a strain that is deficient in auxin production but fixes N2. Zn uptake was measured in laboratory-based studies of 3-week-old plants using radioactive 65Zn2+ (t½ 244 days). Principal Component Analysis was applied to draw out correlations between microbial functions and host 65Zn2+ accumulation. Additionally, statistical correlations were made to our prior data on plant uptake of radioactive 59Fe3+ and 59Fe2+. These correlations showed that low microbial auxin-producing capacity resulted in the greatest accumulation of 65Zn. Just the opposite effect was noted for 59Fe where high microbial auxin-producing capacity resulted in the greatest accumulation of that tracer.

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