Готові списки джерел за темами / Hydrostatical support

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Hydrostatical support"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 30 травня 2022

Оновлено: 31 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Hydrostatical support"

Mao, Jun, Shuang Liu, and Zhen Ni Zu. "Study on the Hydrostatic Support of Internal Gear Pumps Based on FLUENT." Applied Mechanics and Materials 127 (October 2011): 516–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.127.516.

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A kind of hydrostatic support method was developed based on the analysis of the failure of internal gear pumps’ agglutination in this paper. The changing cycle of pressure on the internal gear was analyzed, and the grid model was built. The distribution of pressure on the inner wall of internal gear in different positions was simulated as well as the direction and magnitude by the FLUENT software. The angle range of the hydrostatic support’s channel on the inner wall of pump body was determined according to the above analysis and the force generated after making hydrostatic support’s channel was compared with the one of no hydrostatic support’s channel. The result of the numerical simulation and prototype experiment shows that the agglutination failure of inner mesh gear pumps can be avoided by hydrostatic support method.

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Taylor, J. R. A. "Switching Skeletons: Hydrostatic Support in Molting Crabs." Science 301, no. 5630 (July 11, 2003): 209–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1085987.

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Eckert, D., V. Ghirardini, S. Ettori, E. Rasia, V. Biffi, E. Pointecouteau, M. Rossetti, et al. "Non-thermal pressure support in X-COP galaxy clusters." Astronomy & Astrophysics 621 (January 2019): A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833324.

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Galaxy clusters are the endpoints of structure formation and are continuously growing through the merging and accretion of smaller structures. Numerical simulations predict that a fraction of their energy content is not yet thermalized, mainly in the form of kinetic motions (turbulence, bulk motions). Measuring the level of non-thermal pressure support is necessary to understand the processes leading to the virialization of the gas within the potential well of the main halo and to calibrate the biases in hydrostatic mass estimates. We present high-quality measurements of hydrostatic masses and intracluster gas fraction out to the virial radius for a sample of 13 nearby clusters with available XMM-Newton and Planck data. We compare our hydrostatic gas fractions with the expected universal gas fraction to constrain the level of non-thermal pressure support. We find that hydrostatic masses require little correction and infer a median non-thermal pressure fraction of ∼6% and ∼10% at R500 and R200, respectively. Our values are lower than the expectations of hydrodynamical simulations, possibly implying a faster thermalization of the gas. If instead we use the mass calibration adopted by the Planck team, we find that the gas fraction of massive local systems implies a mass bias 1 − b = 0.85 ± 0.05 for Sunyaev–Zeldovich-derived masses, with some evidence for a mass-dependent bias. Conversely, the high bias required to match Planck cosmic microwave background and cluster count cosmology is excluded by the data at high significance, unless the most massive halos are missing a substantial fraction of their baryons.

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van Parijs, Vincent, Joep Nijssen, and Ron van Ostayen. "Whiffletree based supports for self-adjustable hydrostatic bearings." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 12 (December 2021): 168781402110555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211055573.

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Hydrostatic bearings are superior in terms of their friction and load carrying characteristics when compared to contact based bearings, but non-usable in applications with non-constant curvature counter surfaces. A possible solution to this limitation is the introduction of deformable hydrostatic bearings components that cope with these required deformations. To reduce the required deformation of a single bearing pad, multiple pads can be connected through a so-called whiffletree support system. In this work, a symmetric whiffletree based hydrostatic bearing embodiment is introduced. A 2D quasi-static model is introduced that allows for determining the kinetostatic and path following properties of such a type of bearing. Design considerations are given regarding the joint rotational-, normal-, and shear stiffness of each individual joint, as well as basic bearing layout. The potential of a whiffletree suspended bearing is presented through the use of a case study.

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Strok, L. V., V. S. Sekatsky, N. V. Merzlikina, Yu A. Pikalov, and I. A. Kaposhko. "Hydrostatic supports in test and measuring equipment." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 862 (May 28, 2020): 032110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/862/3/032110.

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Lawry, J. "A Hydrostatic Michell Framework Supports Frog Lungs." Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 61, no. 4 (July 1999): 683–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/bulm.1999.0104.

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Song, Yan Ming, and Yang Yang. "Hydrostatic Support Design of Cooling Copper Roller with Inner Pressure Feedback in Forming Amorphous Ribbon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 364 (August 2013): 46–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.364.46.

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Cooling copper roller is the key technology and equipment to amorphous ribbon forming. Rolling bearing support is difficult to obtain high rotation accuracy. A new inner pressure feedback hydrostatic journal bearing is proposed with different recess area. The load capacity and film stiffness mathematical model of hydrostatic journal bearing are established. The Inner pressure feedback hydrostatic journal bearing with different recess area at the diameter of 200mm is designed and manufactured for amorphous ribbon cooling copper roller support structure. The operation tests demonstrate that the rotation accuracy of the cooling copper roller shaft is less than 2μm, which in accordance with the requirements of amorphous ribbon production process.

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Morrissey, George R., and Michael C. Stone. "Diving Support Vessel Concept Design." Marine Technology and SNAME News 34, no. 02 (April 1, 1997): 148–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mt1.1997.34.2.148.

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This paper describes the preliminary process for designing a 250 ft dynamically positioned, Diving Support Vessel. This is to serve the offshore oil industry as a platform for underwater intervention. Enlisting the use of the latest technological advances, the vessel will support both remotely operated vehicles and human divers. We will trace the development of this design with a well-defined agenda. Beginning with an analysis of the existing fleet, a practical hull form is created, which leads to solid estimations for hydrostatics, stability, resistance, powering and preliminary arrangements. We will also discuss the steps that will follow over the next several months.

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Palash, A., V. Piddubny, and L. Golovkinа. "Technical support of aerobic fermentation processes." Technological Complexes 16 (December 5, 2019): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.36910/2312-0584-16-2019-002.

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The article shows that aerobic fermentation of sugar-containing media requires the presence of dissolved oxygen in them. In most cases, the latter condition is fulfilled by the introduction and dispersion in the liquid phase of the air, which is compressed to levels corresponding to hydrostatic pressures with some exaggeration. The formation of the dispersed gas phase is accompanied by the interaction of the inlet air and the liquid phase, the efficiency of which is determined by the formed contact surface. The study presents generalizations that relate to the dynamics of biomass growth and correlate with the amount of oxygen introduced into the system. It is important that oxygen refers to gases with limited solubility, and therefore the hydrodynamic state and the interfacial surface are among the factors of intensification of mass transfer processes. It is also shown that the nominal estimation of the hydrodynamic state of gas-liquid media should begin with an assessment of the aeration intensity and it is proposed to take the reduced gas phase velocity as the ratio of the volume air flow to the cross-sectional area of the apparatus. Turning to the indicator of the reduced speed negates the influence of geometrical parameters in the form of the ratio of height and diameter. The results of the process and the efficiency of the equipment used are determined by the performance indicators in the form of concentrations of microorganisms and the output rate of the input power supply. The combination of these requirements leads to the need to combine the maximum achievable concentrations of dissolved oxygen and the minimum concentrations of sugars. The features of the double influence of ambient temperatures in the manifestations of the optimal for microorganisms and for the solubility of gases in accordance with Henry's law are shown, the values of Henry constants are given. The list of factors of influence includes such physical parameters of the environment as viscosity, surface tension, osmotic pressure, hydrostatic pressure, temperature. It is determined that the presence of dissolved nitrogen has an influence on the hydrodynamics of gas-liquid media due to changes in hydrostatic pressure in the circulation circuits.

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Han, Gui Hua, Ya Ping Wang, Yan Chun Zhong, Jun Peng Shao, Xiao Dong Yu, and Yan Qin Zhang. "Hardware-in-Loop Simulation on Hydrostatic Journal Support Pose." Applied Mechanics and Materials 44-47 (December 2010): 697–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.44-47.697.

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A scheme of improving performance of hydrostatic journal support was presented, that is, control journal support pose by controlling flow of four controllable chambers and Coupling various oil film thickness, to assure journal support expected pose; Chamber flow can be regulated by electro hydraulic servo valve-control variable pump according to the surface roughness, load, cutting force, and thermal results of journal support. The mathematical model of the controllable chambers flow, servo variable mechanism and controller were built; the pose control model was established, which contain the kinematics positive and negative solution and control strategy of hydraulic cylinder position feedback; Hardware-in-loop simulation experiment was carried on the electro hydraulic servo test bench by mean of the non-linear relation of film thickness and the hydraulic cylinder displacement. Simulation and Hardware-in-loop simulation experiment results show that the controllable journal support exhibit high oil film rigidity can stably and quickly track the expected goal and can be broadly applied in high precision heavy horizontal machine tool.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Hydrostatical support"

Taylor, Jennifer Rebecca Amy Kier William McKee. "Hydrostatic skeletons in the Crustacea support during molting in an aquatic and a terrestrial crab /." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,740.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2007.
Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 18, 2007). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Biology." Discipline: Biology; Department/School: Biology.

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Марцинковский, В. С., В. И. Юрко, Ю. С. Филоненко, В`ячеслав Борисович Тарельник, Вячеслав Борисович Тарельник та Viacheslav Borysovych Tarelnyk. "Проектирование радиальных подшипников скольжения с вкладышами на гидростатическом подвесе". Thesis, Издательство СумГУ, 2011. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21576.

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Разработана конструкция радиального подшипника скольжения с самоустанавливающимися вкладышами на гидростатическом подвесе, позволяющая устранить недостатки традиционных подшипников скольжения. Описаны этапы совершенствования конструкции и технологии изготовления подшипников, приведены сравнительные эксплуатационные характеристики. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21576
Hydrostatically supported tilting pad journal bearing design, eliminating defects of conventional journal bearings, is developed. Stages of the bearing design and manufacturing improving are described, comparative operating characteristics are given. При цитировании документа, используйте ссылку http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/21576

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Moravcová, Eva. "Projekt bytového domu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225375.

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This is a residential house in Brno. The supporting structure is reinforced concrete. The building has one basement and six floors. Vertical load-bearing structures are made up of reinforced concrete columns and walls. Horizontal load-bearing structures are formed by slabs (bearing in both directions). The staircase is concrete slab. Foundation is on piles. Infill vertical structures are brick. In the fifth floor pool is located.

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Guler, Erdogan. "A Methodology For Lining Design Of Circular Mine Shafts In Different Rock Masses." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615662/index.pdf.

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The objective of this thesis is to predict lining thickness inside circular mine shafts. A numerical study with different rock mass strengths and different in-situ non-hydrostatic stresses are carried out in 2D shaft section models to predict pressures that develop on lining support. An iterative process of applying support pressure until observing no failure zone around shaft is used to simulate lining support pressure for each individual model. Later, regression and fuzzy logic analyses are carried out to find a pressure equation for all of the models. Finally, the pressure equation derived is used in elastic &ldquo
thick-walled cylinder&rdquo
equation to calculate the lining thickness required to prevent the development of a failure zone around shafts. At the end of this research, a computer program &ldquo
Shaft 2D&rdquo
is developed to simplify the lining thickness calculation process.

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Вербовецька, Мар`Яна Валентинівна. "Покращення параметрів обробки на токарних верстатах з шпиндельними вузлами на гідростатичних опорах". Thesis, Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя, 2017. http://elartu.tntu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/19130.

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Вербовецька М.В. Покращення параметрів обробки на токарних верстатах з шпиндельними вузлами на гідростатичних опорах. 8.05050301 «Металорізальні верстати та системи» – Тернопільський національний технічний університет імені Івана Пулюя. – Тернопіль, 2017.
В роботі проведено конструювання шпиндельних вузлів токарних верстатів та розрахунок гідростатичних опор з контролем пружних і теплових деформацій на основі розв’язку задач гідродинаміки, теорії пружності й теплового балансу.
Робота складається з розрахунково-пояснювальної записки та графічної частини. Розрахунково-пояснювальна записка складається з вступу, 8 розділів, висновків, переліку посилань та додатків. Обсяг роботи: розрахунково-пояснювальна записка – 144 арк. формату А4, графічна частина – 10 аркушів формату А1

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Staub, Déborah. "Étude du comportement mécanique à rupture des alumines de forte porosité : Application aux supports de catalyseurs d'hydrotraitement des résidus." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ISAL0089/document.

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La présente étude porte sur le comportement mécanique de deux types de supports de catalyseurs utilisés industriellement en hydrotraitement des résidus. Ces supports extrudés, fabriqués par IFPEN, sont constitués d’alumine de transition γ avec un taux de porosité proche de 70%. La porosité du premier matériau est uniquement constituée de mésopores (< 50 nm). La porosité du second matériau est constituée de mésopores et de macropores (jusqu’à 20 µm). Les niveaux de sollicitation en service étant très peu connus, cette étude s’attache à décrire de manière précise et exhaustive le comportement mécanique de ces supports sous une large gamme de sollicitations, et à identifier les différents mécanismes de ruine possibles. L’objectif final est de mieux comprendre les relations entre les paramètres microstructuraux et les propriétés mécaniques afin d’identifier des leviers d’amélioration de la tenue mécanique des supports. Dans un premier temps, une méthodologie adaptée de caractérisation mécanique est établie. Le comportement des supports est étudié d’une part en traction, à l’aide d’essais de flexion trois points et d’écrasement diamétral, et d’autre part, en compression sous différents taux de triaxialité, à l’aide d’essais de compression uniaxiale et hydrostatique et d’essais de micro-indentation sphérique. Les différents mécanismes responsables de la ruine des supports sont identifiés au moyen de techniques d’imagerie telles que la microscopie électronique à balayage et la micro-tomographie à rayons X. En traction, le comportement est fragile avec l’amorçage de la rupture sur un défaut critique. En compression, une transition fragile / quasi-plastique du comportement est observée avec l’augmentation du taux de confinement. Cette quasi-plasticité s’exprime en particulier à travers un phénomène de densification de la macroporosité. Dans un deuxième temps, un critère de rupture est identifié pour chaque type de matériau en vue de représenter sur une même surface de charge les différents types de comportement et phénomènes physiques observés. Cette identification est réalisée en couplant les essais d’indentation sphérique à une analyse numérique. Des critères faisant intervenir la pression hydrostatique permettent de rendre compte de la forte dissymétrie du comportement des matériaux en traction et en compression. Enfin, dans un souci de se rapprocher des sollicitations subies par les supports de catalyseurs dans un réacteur en service, le comportement d’un empilement de supports est étudié en compression œdométrique. L’analyse de cet essai par tomographie à rayons X permet de déterminer les différents mécanismes de ruine intervenant au sein d’un empilement, en particulier ceux responsables de la génération de fines. Les résultats illustrent la pertinence de la caractérisation en flexion et en indentation des supports de catalyseurs seuls pour prévoir leur comportement au sein d’un empilement en compression
In this work, we study the mechanical behaviour of two types of catalysts supports produced by IFPEN and industrially used in residues hydrotreating. Those extruded supports are made of transition γ-alumina with about 70% of porous volume. The first material’s porosity is exclusively composed of mesopores (< 50 nm). The porosity of the second material is composed of both mesopores and macropores (up to 20 µm). Because of the limited knowledge of the stress fields in embedded catalysts supports in use in a reactor, this study aims at precisely and exhaustively describing the mechanical behaviour of those supports under a wide range of stresses, and identifying the possible damage mechanisms. The final objective is to better understand the influence of microstructural parameters on the mechanical properties of the supports in order to propose some leads about how to improve their mechanical strength. First, an adequate mechanical characterization methodology is set. On one hand, the tensile mechanical behaviour of the supports is studied with three-point bending and diametrical crushing tests. On the other hand, their compressive behaviour under various triaxiality rates is characterized in uniaxial and hydrostatic compression, and by spherical micro-indentation. The different damaging mechanisms are identified by imaging techniques such as scanning electronic microscopy and X-ray micro-tomography. Under tensile stresses, the supports exhibit a brittle behaviour and fracture initiates at a critical flaw. Under compressive stresses, a brittle/quasi-plastic transition is observed with increasing the triaxiality rate. The quasi-plasticity is mainly due to the densification of the macroporosity. The second part of the study consists in identifying, for each material, a fracture criterion able to represent every types of behaviour and physical phenomena observed on the same yield surface. This identification is achieved by coupling the spherical indentation tests to a numerical analysis. Fracture criteria involving hydrostatic pressure are well suited to describe the highly dissymmetric mechanical behaviour of the materials in tension and in compression. The last part of this work aims at studying the mechanical behaviour of a stack of supports under œdometric compression in order to produce stress fields more representative of those existing within the supports stacked in a reactor. This test is analysed by X-ray tomography, which allows us to determine/acknowledge the different damaging mechanisms involved in fragments and fines generation. The results illustrate the suitability of the bending and indentation tests to characterize the mechanical properties of a single support and relate them to its mechanical behaviour in a stack of supports under compression

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Федориненко, Дмитро Юрійович. "Наукові основи проектування прецизійних регульованих гідростатичних опор шпиндельних вузлів". Doctoral thesis, 2012. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/2330.

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吳育齊. "Study of Hydrostatic Spindle Cutting Force Prognostics and Health System using Support Vector Machines." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/9zn3h2.

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碩士
國立彰化師範大學
機電工程學系
107
The purpose of this paper is to design and develop a health diagnosis system of a hydrostatic spindle. Firstly, the design specifications of the presented hydrostatic spindle is based on the technical data of a given ball spindle. The main characteristics of the presented hydrostatic spindle include a radial system stiffness of 98 N/μm, an axial stiffness of 226.9 N/μm and a system flow of 4.36 L/min. Secondly, the mathematical model of axial and radial cutting force is established by using engineering algorithm. The pressure sensor data is obtained to compute the theoretical cutting force. By using the load cell the experiment cutting force of the spindle is obtain. The cutting force error between the mathematical model and the experiment test is less than 4%. Finally, the pressure sensor data and the spindle force are trained by the support vector machine (SVM), and then the accuracy is judged by the presented test data. In this paper, the accuracy rate of the experiment result is 99%. The hydrostatic spindle cutting force prognostics and health system using support vector machines is accomplished

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Huang, Yi-Xiang, and 黃翊祥. "Characteristics of Worktable Supported by Hydrostatic Planar Bearing Compensated by DSI Valves." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2tr3q6.

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碩士
中原大學
機械工程研究所
103
DSI valve was published in AD 1964 by Rippel, its spool is composed of two piston head with a combination of the post, before and after the change by the pressure on the piston and DSI different internal flow resistance of the throttle valve , allowing the flow of oil through the DSI after the throttle bearing oil film has a certain stiffness performance, in order to support oil platform hydrostatic bearing. Equality of the equation by the continuous oil pad and compensator traffic can be derived bearing pressure, hydrostatic oil film thickness platforms, oil platform traffic flow with the relationship between static stiffness platform Therefore this study to establish DSI valve and continuous flow of oil hydrostatic equation platform considerations DSI valve used on oil platforms hydrostatic static characteristics.

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TSAI, LI-CHIEN, and 蔡禮鍵. "Explicit Analyses of the Non-Linear Behavior of Rock Mass and Support System in Tunneling under Non-Hydrostatic Stress." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31335705911025823239.

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Анотація:

碩士
中華大學
土木工程學系碩士班
99
ABSTRACT The simulation of behavior between rock mass and support system in tunneling is always to suppose the hypothesis that tunnel is under hydrostatic stress state (coefficient of lateral pressure Ko=1.0). Nevertheless, due to the variety of geological structure, the coefficient of lateral pressure has a great influence on the behavior of tunnel excavation. The purpose of this research is that the analytical solutions of nonlinear behavior of ground response curve and of support characteristic curve in a deep circular tunnel under hydrostatic stress state (Ko=1.0) and non-hydrostatic stress state (Ko≠1.0) are derived, and also consider the explicit analysis method which bases on the convergence confinement method for the Hoek-Brown failure criterion, the principle of convergence loss of equilibrium point, and effects of vertical stress, and the simple calculation spreadsheet is particularly proposed. The concept of explicit analysis method include that introducing a incremental procedure of confinement loss into the analytical solutions derived under non-hydrostatic stress state, establishing the direct calculation logic and flow chart, using a calculation spreadsheet to simply calculate and draw figures. The results obtained by the explicit analysis method (EAM) are compared with those by the finite element (FEM) program developed in this research. This comparison contains that consideration of inference factors (coefficient of lateral pressure, elastic limit of confinement loss and plastic radius, parameter of Mohr-Coulomb, confinement loss of non-supported distance, support stiffness of shotcrete, vertical stress, convergence loss of equilibrium point etc.); stress path, ground response curve, support characteristic curve, interaction curve at tunnel excavation surface, and distribution of stress-displacement around tunnel with unsupported and supported consideration, explored as a series of relatively. The influence factors of shotcrete consist of elastic modulus, Poisson ratio and thickness. The values of those parameters increase also increase that of the stiffness of shotcrete.In point of view of the parametric study of influence factors, the coefficient of lateral pressure is an important role that dominates the distribution of stresses and displacement around tunnel. The values calculated of elastic limit of convergence loss and the distribution of plastic radius are both influenced by the coefficient of lateral pressure. According to the results observed, it is shown that the comparison between EAM and FEM are almost coincident and has a good consistency under hydrostatic stress state. Concerning the vertical stress on the inclusion of non-hydrostatic stress conditions, in spite of the tunnel radial displacement has not been perfectly and correctly simulated in the reason of the different consideration of plastic potential function of strain. In addition, the results of EAM compared with those of FEM are shown a good consistency in Hoek-Brown and Mohr-Coulomb models. The explicit analysis method proposed in this research is an efficiency analysis method which could have a good simulation of non-linear behavior of ground response curve and of support characteristic curve in tunneling. Key words: Tunneling, Non-Hydrostatic Stress, Non-Linear, Failure Criterion, Convergence Confinement Method, Confinement Loss, Explicit Analysis, Finite Element Analysis

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Книги з теми "Hydrostatical support"

Al-Khayyat, Fatima Abdullah. Body size and hydrostatic support in terrestrial gastropods. Manchester: University of Manchester, 1995.

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Canada, Atomic Energy of. Hydrostatic testing of a prototype structurally supported container for disposal of used nuclear fuel. Ottawa, Ont: Atomic Energy of Canada Limited, 1992.

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Biewener, Andrew A., and Shelia N. Patek, eds. Muscles and Skeletons. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198743156.003.0002.

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Animal locomotion depends on the organization, physiology and biomechanical properties of muscles and skeletons. Musculoskeletal systems encompass the mechanical interactions of muscles and skeletal elements that ultimately transmit force for movement and support. Muscles not only perform work by contracting and shortening to generate force, they can also operate as brakes to slow the whole body or a single appendage. Muscles can also function as struts (rod-like) to maintain the position of a joint and facilitate elastic energy storage and recovery. Skeletal muscles share a basic organization and all rely on the same protein machinery for generating force and movement. Variation in muscle function, therefore, depends on the underlying mechanical and energetic components, enzymatic properties, and activation by the nervous system. Muscles require either an internal, external or hydrostatic skeletal system to transmit force for movement and support.

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Raghunathan, Karthik, and Andrew Shaw. Crystalloids in critical illness. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199600830.003.0057.

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‘Crystalloid’ refers to solutions of crystalline substances that can pass through a semipermeable membrane and are distributed widely in body fluid compartments. The conventional Starling model predicts transvascular exchange based on the net balance of opposing hydrostatic and oncotic forces. Based on this model, colloids might be considered superior resuscitative fluids. However, observations of fluid behaviour during critical illness are not consistent with such predictions. Large randomized controlled studies have consistently found that colloids offer no survival advantage relative to crystalloids in critically-ill patients. A revised Starling model describes a central role for the endothelial glycocalyx in determining fluid disposition. This model supports crystalloid utilization in most critical care settings where the endothelial surface layer is disrupted and lower capillary pressures (hypovolaemia) make volume expansion with crystalloids effective, since transvascular filtration decreases, intravascular retention increases and clearance is significantly reduced. There are important negative consequences of both inadequate and excessive crystalloid resuscitation. Precise dosing may be titrated based on functional measures of preload responsiveness like pulse pressure variation or responses to manoeuvres such as passive leg raising. Crystalloids have variable electrolyte concentrations, volumes of distribution, and, consequently variable effects on plasma pH. Choosing balanced crystalloid solutions for resuscitation may be potentially advantageous versus ‘normal’ (isotonic, 0.9%) saline solutions. When used as the primary fluid for resuscitation, saline solutions may have adverse effects in critically-ill patients secondary to a reduction in the strong ion difference and hyperchloraemic, metabolic acidosis. Significant negative effects on immune and renal function may result as well.

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Частини книг з теми "Hydrostatical support"

Jacobs, David K. "The Support of Hydrostatic Load in Cephalopod Shells." In Evolutionary Biology, 287–349. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3336-8_8.

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Afolayan, Matthew Olatunde. "Copying Nature - A Design of Hyper-Redundant Robot Joint/Support Based on Hydrostatic Skeleton." In Biomimetic and Biohybrid Systems, 50–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-22979-9_5.

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Hirani, Harish. "Failures of Sliding Bearings." In Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures, 435–44. ASM International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.hb.v11a.a0006806.

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Abstract A mechanical part, which supports the moving part, is termed a mechanical bearing and can be classified into rolling (ball or roller) bearings and sliding bearings. This article discusses the failures of sliding bearings. It first describes the geometry of sliding bearings, next provides an overview of bearing materials, and then presents the various lubrication mechanisms: hydrostatic, hydrodynamic, boundary lubrication, elastohydrodynamic, and squeeze-film lubrication. The article describes the effect of debris and contaminant particles in bearings. The steps involved in failure analysis of sliding bearings are also covered. Finally, the article discusses wear-damage mechanisms from the standpoint of bearing design.

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Munis, James R. "Down But Not Out—Circulatory Arrest Pressures." In Just Enough Physiology, 70–76. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199797790.003.0009.

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Suppose that your heart has just stopped. What would happen to your blood pressure? At least 2 things would happen that you might not predict (and I hope you won't discover them anytime soon). First, the various blood pressures in the different parts of your circulatory system would converge to the same value. Second, you might be surprised to find that your blood pressure is not zero. That's not just because of vertical (hydrostatic) gradients within the body. Because the blood volume is considerably greater than the passive circulatory system volume, the blood vessels are slightly stretched and maintain a non-zero pressure even after the heart stops. To determine the actual non-zero pressure during cardiac arrest, we only have to divide the stressed blood volume by vascular compliance.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Hydrostatical support"

Stark, Peter R., and David S. McKeehan. "Hydrostatic Collapse Research In Support Of The Oman India Gas Pipeline." In Offshore Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/7705-ms.

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Headifen, R. N., and W. F. Weldon. "Modeling of Flexible Rotor Machines Supported With Hydrostatic Bearings." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-031.

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In this paper a method is described that takes the nonlinear dynamic stiffness and damping coefficients for multiple hydrostatic bearings and incorporates them into a rotordynamic FEM model for a rotating machine. A Newton-Raphson iteration scheme is presented that uses updated bearing coefficients at every iteration to the solution. A non-linear computer program was written using the method described which models transient and synchronous response and calculates damped eigenvalues.

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Garcia, Ramon Ferreiro, Francisco Javier Perez Castelo, Jose Luis Calvo Rolle, and Alberto DeMiguel Catoira. "Condition montoring of rotating machines supported by hydrostatic bearings." In 2011 Third World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2011.6089412.

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Neill, Douglas R., Victor L. Krabbendam, Mario Romero, Karl-Olof Olsson, and Thomas G. Benigni. "Hydrostatic bearing arrangement for high stiffness support of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope." In SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation, edited by Eli Atad-Ettedgui and Dietrich Lemke. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.790075.

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Gong, Jianguo, Sheng Zeng, and Tao Jin. "Effect of Hydrostatic Pressure on Buckling Behavior of Storage Tanks Under Local Support Settlement." In ASME 2013 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2013-97964.

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In practical engineering, local settlement is a typical differential settlement under structures. It has drawn the attention of many researchers. This is because this kind of settlement has an important effect on tank structure. From research, the buckling behavior caused by local settlement has been reported. In most research, the local settlement is usually considered alone and the influence of hydrostatic pressure has not been reported. This work studies the effect of hydrostatic pressure on the buckling strength of conical roof tanks under local settlement. The results show that the pressure has a stiffening effect on buckling strength, preventing the shell from buckling. In addition, for small uplift half angles, buckling may not occur for liquid heights larger than the critical liquid height; while for large uplift half angles buckling may occur with full tanks. It is also shown that the critical local settlement for a small uplift half angle is more sensitive to the liquid height and hydrostatic pressure than the critical load for large uplift half angles. Finally, the relationship between the critical liquid height and uplift half angle is reported.

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Feldmann, D. G., B. Pott, and J. Schmidt. "New Approaches for Computer Support in Application Engineering, Development and Design of Hydrostatic Systems." In International Off-Highway & Powerplant Congress. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2002-01-1419.

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Nakao, Yohichi, Kohei Yamada, and Kenji Suzuki. "Design of Spindle Supported by High Stiffness Water Hydrostatic Thrust Bearing." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-62729.

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A precision spindle is a key component of the ultra-precision machine tools that are used for machining precision molds for producing various lenses and other precise parts. The machining accuracy required for the parts now reaches several tens of nanometers. In order to achieve the desired machining accuracy, the precise spindle system with high stiffness bearings is inevitably needed for the ultra-precision machine tools. The paper thus deals with a design of a spindle supported by water hydrostatic bearings. An objective of the study is to design the precision spindle supported by the water hydrostatic bearings with the bearing stiffness of 1 kN/μm. Thus the paper presents the design procedure of the hydrostatic thrust bearings. In particular, the design of the bearing restrictors is introduced. The characteristics of water hydrostatic thrust bearings of the designed spindle are investigated theoretically. The influences of the gap sizes and the supply water pressure on the bearing stiffness are given. It is indicated that the bearing stiffness of 1 kN/μm can be obtained by the spindle design. Structure and materials of the developed spindle are also introduced.

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Bir, Gunjit, and Jason Jonkman. "Modal Dynamics of Large Wind Turbines With Different Support Structures." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57446.

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This paper presents modal dynamics of floating-platform-supported and monopile-supported offshore turbines, which are gaining attention for their ability to capture the immense wind resources available over coastal waters. Minimal dynamic loads and the absence of instability are imperative to the success of these turbines. Modal dynamics determine both loads and instabilities to a large extent, and therefore must always be analyzed. Also, to model the turbine, several aeroelastic computer codes require modes of the major components, e.g., the rotor blades and the rotor-nacelle support structure. To compute such modes, we used a recently developed finite-element code called BModes. The code provides coupled modes either for the rotating blades or for the support structure. A coupled mode implies presence of coupled flexural, axial, and torsion motions in a natural mode of vibration. In this paper, we use BModes to provide modes only for flexible towers, which carry head mass (rotor-nacelle subassembly modeled as a rigid body) and are mounted atop either a floating platform or a soil-supported monopile. The code accounts for the effects of hydrodynamic inertia, hydrostatic restoring, and mooring lines stiffness on the floating platform. It also accounts for the distributed hydrodynamic mass on the submerged part of the tower and for the elastic foundation surrounding the monopile. Results are obtained for three turbine configurations: land-based turbine, floating-platform-supported turbine, and monopile-supported turbine. Three foundation models are used for the monopile configuration. Results show that the hydrodynamic and elastic-foundation effects strongly influence the turbine modal dynamics.

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Simpson, David A. "Comparative Risks of Hydrostatic and Pneumatic Pipeline Testing." In ASME 2019 Pressure Vessels & Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2019-93048.

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Abstract An important step in a pipeline-construction project is confirming that the piping and facilities are adequate for the expected operating pressures. This confirmation is done via a static strength test using a test fluid. All fluids have mass and internal energy. Fluids under pressure have significantly elevated internal energy. All fluids are compressible to some greater or lesser extent, and the fluid added to raise the pressure of the fluid in the bulk volume adds significant energy. The raw mass of a fluid must be considered when evaluating terrain elements and support elements (i.e., pipe stands and pipe racks). The selection process for a test fluid should always endeavor to minimize the total risk of the entire process. There is guidance in the primary pipeline design/construction codes (e.g., ASME B31 series) for many of the important considerations for managing the risk associated with the tests required to perform this confirmation of fitness for purpose. This code-guidance has historically not shown a clear preference for the selection of one particular test-medium over another. Some jurisdictions have written regulations that step away from ASME guidance and do show a clear preference for hydrostatic testing over pneumatic testing. This preference manifests itself in several ways, but the primary representation is the requirement in statutes and regulations that a pneumatic test have an “exclusion zone” around the test to reduce the risk of injury during the test. These documents tend to not have an exclusion-zone requirement for hydrostatic tests. This paper is undertakes to demonstrate the relative risks of liquid vs. gaseous test media and presents a background of why pneumatic tests have been singled out by regulators as higher risk and shows why this regulatory preference can result in actually increasing risk rather than decreasing it.

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Basalo, Ines M., and Gerard A. Ateshian. "Hydrodynamic Pressurization of a Trapped Lubricant Pool Between a Rippled Rigid Indenter and an Elastic Layer: An Investigation Into the Role of Surface Roughness on Cartilage Lubrication." In ASME 2001 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2001/bed-23063.

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Abstract In recent studies of articular diarthrodial joint lubrication, it has been proposed that hydrostatic pressurization of the cartilage interstitial fluid upon joint loading contributes significantly to the load support across the articular layers, thus reducing frictional forces and wear [1–3]. This boundary contact mechanism for porous media can explain the observed time-dependent response of the frictional coefficient. Nevertheless, alternative hypotheses have been also proposed which attribute the low friction coefficient to hydrodynamic lubrication [4]. In our recent analysis of a mixed lubrication problem where a lubricant pool is trapped between a rippled rigid indenter and a biphasic cartilage layer [5], it was observed that the hydrostatic pressurization of the trapped lubricant can enhance the fluid load support to a certain extent, but typically for a short duration on the order of 1 s only, until the lubricant is depleted by flowing into the cartilage layer. Furthermore, under steady-state sliding, it was found that a lubricant pool could not be sustained due to lubricant depletion. These analyses employed an inviscid model for the lubricant as they focused on hydrostatic pressurization only. In the current study, we investigate whether lubricant viscosity, which can promote hydrodynamic pressurization, might further enhance the fluid load support mechanism or alter the conclusions gathered from our earlier studies. To investigate these fundamental mechanisms, an elastic layer is used instead of a biphasic layer at first; a more elaborate biphasic analysis could be employed subsequently if warranted by the current findings.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Hydrostatical support"

Lynett, Patrick J. Efficient Non-Hydrostatic Modeling of Rotational, Turbulent, Dispersive, and Variable-Density Flows in the Vicinity of River Mouths and Inlets: Development and Field Support. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada597873.

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