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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Hydrogenation Data processing"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 грудня 2022

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Hydrogenation Data processing"

Seager, C. H., R. A. Anderson, and J. K. G. Panitz. "The diffusion of hydrogen in silicon and mechanisms for “unintentional” hydrogenation during ion beam processing." Journal of Materials Research 2, no. 1 (February 1987): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1987.0096.

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Experiments are described in which hydrogen is injected into silicon by various techniques and detected by the neutralization of boron acceptor sites. Wet chemical etching is shown to inject protons several microns in a few seconds; this experiment is used to set a lower limit on the diffusivity of hydrogen of ⋍2⊠10−11 cm2/s at 300 K, a number in reasonable agreement with prior estimates deduced by Van Wieririgen and Warmholtz from high-temperature permeation measurements. A number of experiments are reported to elucidate the mechanism for “unintentional” hydrogenation occurring during argon ion bombardment. The data suggest that this effect is caused by bombardment-induced injection of hydrogen from surface H2O/hydrocarbon contaminants.

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Smagulova, Nazym, Zhaxyntay Kairbekov, and Gulsezim Yermekbayeva. "Obtaining coke of improved quality by hydro-gentrification of coal tar." MATEC Web of Conferences 340 (2021): 01034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134001034.

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The catalytic properties of non-applied nickel-sulfide catalysts in the reactions of hydrogenation and hydrodesulphurization of coal tar from the coal semi-coking of the Shubarkul field (Republic of Kazakhstan) were studied to obtain data necessary for the intensification of the resin processing technology, increasing the yield and improving the quality of the resulting needle coke. As a feedstock, the resin was used without preliminary dehydration (water content 3.4 %) and distillation in a mixture with the prepared catalyst and the residue of distillation with boiling point above 320°C of oil from the Kumkol field (Republic of Kazakhstan), taken in a mass ratio of 1:1.

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Flid, M. R., L. M. Kartashov, and Yu A. Treger. "Theoretical and Applied Aspects of Hydrodechlorination Processes—Catalysts and Technologies." Catalysts 10, no. 2 (February 11, 2020): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10020216.

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The commercial implementation of hydrodechlorination processes will be an essential step in resolving the problem of environmentally sound organochlorine wastes processing. By now, there is a number of fundamental, applied, and process elaborations of such processes, in which chlorine is almost completely removed from wastes. The review article contains a significant number of results including basic regularities of thermal hydrodechlorination, comprehensive and selective catalytic hydrodechlorination. It discusses thermodynamics, kinetics, and catalysts of gas and liquid phase processes. Considerable attention is paid to hydrodechlorination of vinyl chloride production wastes and utilization of tetrachloromethane, which is the ozone-depleting substance. It also discusses hydrodechlorination of mono- and (poly)chlorobenzenes. The important examples of liquid phase data include hydrogenation using complex hydrides of elements. It also includes several flow sheets of hydrodechlorination processes.

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Grundy, W. M., M. K. Bird, D. T. Britt, J. C. Cook, D. P. Cruikshank, C. J. A. Howett, S. Krijt, et al. "Color, composition, and thermal environment of Kuiper Belt object (486958) Arrokoth." Science 367, no. 6481 (February 13, 2020): eaay3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aay3705.

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The outer Solar System object (486958) Arrokoth (provisional designation 2014 MU69) has been largely undisturbed since its formation. We studied its surface composition using data collected by the New Horizons spacecraft. Methanol ice is present along with organic material, which may have formed through irradiation of simple molecules. Water ice was not detected. This composition indicates hydrogenation of carbon monoxide–rich ice and/or energetic processing of methane condensed on water ice grains in the cold, outer edge of the early Solar System. There are only small regional variations in color and spectra across the surface, which suggests that Arrokoth formed from a homogeneous or well-mixed reservoir of solids. Microwave thermal emission from the winter night side is consistent with a mean brightness temperature of 29 ± 5 kelvin.

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Li, Luya, Yuting Chen, Xue Feng, Jintuo Yin, Shenghao Li, Yupeng Sun, and Lantong Zhang. "Identification of Metabolites of Eupatorin in Vivo and in Vitro Based on UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS." Molecules 24, no. 14 (July 23, 2019): 2658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142658.

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Eupatorin is the major bioactive component of Java tea (Orthosiphon stamineus), exhibiting strong anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. However, no research on the metabolism of eupatorin has been reported to date. In the present study, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with hybrid triple quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS) combined with an efficient online data acquisition and a multiple data processing method were developed for metabolite identification in vivo (rat plasma, bile, urine and feces) and in vitro (rat liver microsomes and intestinal flora). A total of 51 metabolites in vivo, 60 metabolites in vitro were structurally characterized. The loss of CH2, CH2O, O, CO, oxidation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfate conjugation, N-acetylation, hydrogenation, ketone formation, glycine conjugation, glutamine conjugation and glucose conjugation were the main metabolic pathways of eupatorin. This was the first identification of metabolites of eupatorin in vivo and in vitro and it will provide reference and valuable evidence for further development of new pharmaceuticals and pharmacological mechanisms.

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Anh, Hoang, Vera A. Kalashnikova, and Olga V. Lefedova. "KINETIC OF HYDROGENATION OF 4-NITRO-2'-HYDROXY-5'-METHYLAZOBENZEN ON SKELETAL NICKEL IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION OF 2-PROPANOL." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENIY KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 61, no. 3 (February 27, 2018): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/tcct.20186103.5604.

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The article is devoted to the kinetics of hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene on skeletal nickel in an aqueous solution of 2-propanol with the azeotropic composition at various initial concentrations of the starting compound. According to the obtained dependences of hydrogen absorption during the process, the changes in the amounts of the initial 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene, the processing of the kinetic curves in linear coordinates of different orders, the data on the material balance of reaction products, the conlusion is drawn that at low concentrations the hydrogen addition is carried out through the nitro and azo groups to the starting 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene molecule. An increase in the initial amount of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene introduced into the reactor leads to a marked decrease in the content of 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene. It was experimentally established that at the low initial concentrations, hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene on skeletal nickel in aqueous solution of 2-propanol with the azeotropic composition proceeds on the first order and zero one for hydrogen. An increase in the initial concentration of hydrogenated compound above the solubility limit leads to a sharp increase in a value of excessive adsorption of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene, to an increase in diffusion inhibition on hydrogen and to a change in the order for reducing agent. At the initial amounts of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene studied the transformation proceeds in two parallel directions. One of the directions is due to the addition of hydrogen on nitro groups to form 4-amino-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzene, and the second one on azo groups to form 2-amino-4-cresol and 4-nitroaniline.Forcitation:Hoang Anh, Kalashnikova V.A., Lefedova O.V. Kinetic of hydrogenation of 4-nitro-2'-hydroxy-5'-methylazobenzen on skeletal nickel in aqueous solution of 2-propanol. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 10-15

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Leroux, Killian, Jean-Claude Guillemin, and Lahouari Krim. "Organic residues in astrophysical ice analogues: Thermal processing of hydrogenated glyoxal ices under interstellar conditions." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 504, no. 2 (April 14, 2021): 2181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab951.

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ABSTRACT Organic residues are considered as part of the chemical composition of the interstellar dust grains. They are formed under the extreme conditions of the interstellar medium and play an important role in exobiology. They may contain pre-biotic organic species such as amino acids, constituents of proteins and building blocks of DNA and RNA, key elements of life. By investigating the formation of organic residues in an astrophysical context, many groups have been focusing in the UV irradiation and subsequent warm-up of astrophysical ice analogues. This aims to suggest that organic residues are mainly formed in regions of molecular clouds exposed to UV light or cosmic rays. This study shows an organic residue formation involving glyoxal ice and H atoms. While the hydrogenation of glyoxal at 10 K leads mainly to small molecules such as CO and H2CO and CH3OH, we show that the heating of the hydrogenated ice in the 10–300 K temperature range leads to solid residues whose structure is similar to that of glycolaldehyde but they remain stable in solid phase at 300 K and atmospheric pressure. The analysis of the IR data shows that the organic residues formed through the thermal processing of CHOCHO + H reaction would be a mixture of hydroxypyruvaldehyde and methyl glyoxylate, two solid organics whose formation starts with an H-abstraction from glyoxal to form CHOCO• radical which recombines to •CH2OH and •OCH3 radicals. These latter may be formed and trapped in glyoxal ice as secondary products from H2CO + H secondary reaction.

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Fan, Xiaoyong, Dong Li, Louwei Cui, Ruitian Shao, Chunran Chang, Long Yan, and Bo Yang. "Analysis of Distribution and Structures of Heteroatom Compounds in Asphaltene of Medium/Low Temperature Coal Tar by Negative Anion Mode ESI FT-ICR MS." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (November 22, 2022): 15497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315497.

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The existence of heteroatomic compounds with complex structure and different polarity in the asphaltene of medium and low temperature coal tar (M/LTCT) limits its processing and utilization. Combined with negative ion electrospray ionization source (ESI), Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) was used to characterize the molecular composition of O, N, and S heteroatom compounds in M/LTCT asphaltenes. Acidic oxygen-containing compounds (OCCs) and non-basic nitrogen-containing compounds (NCCs) in asphaltenes were identified, except for sulfur-containing compounds (SCCs). The mass spectra showed that the heteroatom compounds in asphaltene mainly existed as NX, N1OX, N2OX, N3OX, N4OX, N5OX, N6OX, and OX class species (where x = 1–6). The M/LTCT asphaltenes were enriched with O4, N4, and N1O1 class species. The core structure of O4 class species were likely to be composed of 1–7 aromatic rings with 4 phenolic hydroxyl groups, the core structure of N4 class species were likely to be comprised of 4–7 aromatic rings with a piperazine ring and a pyrazole ring, and the core structure of N1O1 was mainly 3–6 aromatic rings with a phenolic hydroxyl group and a pyrrole ring. These results suggest that more condensed NCCs and OCCs with short, substituted alky side chains are presented, which are more easily to undergo condensation to generate fused molecules, making it too difficult to be removed by hydrogenation. Through the analysis of the molecular structures of OCCs and non-basic NCCs in M/LTCT asphaltenes, important information about the molecular composition can be obtained, which can provide basic data for the hydrogenation of deasphaltene.

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Le, Linh D., J. D. Tate, Mary Beth Seasholtz, Manish Gupta, Thomas Owano, Doug Baer, Trevor Knittel, Alan Cowie, and Jie Zhu. "Development of a Rapid On-Line Acetylene Sensor for Industrial Hydrogenation Reactor Optimization Using Off-Axis Integrated Cavity Output Spectroscopy." Applied Spectroscopy 62, no. 1 (January 2008): 59–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/000370208783412654.

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A spectroscopic analyzer has been developed for rapid, accurate quantification of acetylene and methyl acetylene in hydrocarbon cracked gas processing plants. The system utilizes off-axis integrated output cavity spectroscopy to measure the near-infrared, cavity-enhanced absorption spectrum of ethylene, methyl acetylene, and acetylene and employs a chemometric data analysis strategy to quantify the respective constituents. Initial tests verified that the instrument is capable of measuring <0.050 ppmv of acetylene, has a precision of ±0.025 ppmv, and can accurately determine acetylene concentrations with comparable accuracy to a gas chromatograph (±0.1 ppmv) in an actual process stream composition matrix under plant operating conditions. Subsequently, the prototype analyzer was installed in a hydrocarbon facility for field-trials, where its rapid response (≤30 seconds or better) allowed it to measure transient acetylene and methyl acetylene fluctuations that were too fast for conventional methodologies. Moreover, the analyzer showed an extended dynamic range that enabled measurement of very high acetylene levels (0–1000 ppmv) during abnormal plant operations. Finally, two commercial acetylene analyzer systems with stream-switching capabilities were implemented in an industrial facility and initial results are presented.

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Verevkin, Sergey P., Sergey P. Safronov, Artemiy A. Samarov, and Sergey V. Vostrikov. "Hydrogen Storage: Thermodynamic Analysis of Alkyl-Quinolines and Alkyl-Pyridines as Potential Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers (LOHC)." Applied Sciences 11, no. 24 (December 10, 2021): 11758. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112411758.

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The liquid organic hydrogen carriers (LOHC) are aromatic molecules, which can be considered as an attractive option for the storage and transport of hydrogen. A considerable amount of hydrogen up to 7–8% wt. can be loaded and unloaded with a reversible chemical reaction. Substituted quinolines and pyridines are available from petroleum, coal processing, and wood preservation, or they can be synthesized from aniline. Quinolines and pyridines can be considered as potential LOHC systems, provided they have favorable thermodynamic properties, which were the focus of this current study. The absolute vapor pressures of methyl-quinolines were measured using the transpiration method. The standard molar enthalpies of vaporization of alkyl-substituted quinolines and pyridines were derived from the vapor pressure temperature dependencies. Thermodynamic data on vaporization and formation enthalpies available in the literature were collected, evaluated, and combined with our own experimental results. The theoretical standard molar gas-phase enthalpies of formation of quinolines and pyridines, calculated using the quantum-chemical G4 methods, agreed well with the evaluated experimental data. Reliable standard molar enthalpies of formation in the liquid phase were derived by combining high-level quantum chemistry values of gas-phase enthalpies of formation with experimentally determined enthalpies of vaporization. The liquid-phase hydrogenation/dehydrogenation reaction enthalpies of alkyl-substituted pyridines and quinolines were calculated and compared with the data for other potential liquid organic hydrogen carriers. The comparatively low enthalpies of reaction make these heteroaromatics a seminal LOHC system.

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