Статті в журналах: "Hydrodesulfurization (HDS)"

1

Mohammed, Abdul Halim A. Karim, Hussein Qasim Hussein, and Tariq M. Naife. "Comparative Study of New Re-Ni-Mo/Al2o3 and Conventional Hydrodesulphurization Catalyst." Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 16, no. 4 (December 30, 2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31699/ijcpe.2015.4.1.

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New types of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst Re-Ni-Mo/ γ-Al2O3 was prepared and tested separately with two prepared conventional HDS catalysts (Ni-Mo/ γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo//γ-Al2O3) by using a pilot plant hydrotreatment unit. Activities of three prepared hydrodesulfurization catalysts were examined in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of atmospheric gas oil at different temperatures 275 to 350 °C and LHSV 1 to 4 h-1, the reactions conducted under constant pressure 40 bar and H2/HC ratio 500 ml/ml .Moreover, the hydrogenation of aromatic (HAD) in gas oil has been studied. HDS was much improved by adding promoter Re to the Ni-Mo/Al2O3 catalyst. The results showed that Re-Ni-Mo/ γ-Al2O3 have more activity in desulfurization than Ni-Mo//γ-Al2O3 and Co-Mo/ γ-Al2O3 catalysts. The efficiency of hydrodesulfurization was markedly reduced over the Co -Mo/ γ-Al2O3.Also the result showed that Ni-Mo//γ-Al2O3 have a minimum aromatic content 15.44 %.

2

Miño, Andres, Christine Lancelot, Pascal Blanchard, Carole Lamonier, Loïc Rouleau, Magalie Roy-Auberger, Sébastien Royer, and Edmond Payen. "Potential of templated mesoporous aluminas as supports for HDS CoMo catalysts." New Journal of Chemistry 40, no. 5 (2016): 4258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nj02865e.

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3

Timoshkina, V. V., S. V. Yudintsev, E. D. Frenkel’, and A. A. Pimerzin. "V-Containing Heteropoly Acids with Keggin Structure as Precursors of Sulfide Catalysts: Regularities of the Convertion of Dibenzothiophene and Naphthalene on Nonpromoted Mo–V Catalysts." Petroleum Chemistry 62, no. 7 (July 2022): 779–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0965544122050085.

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Abstract Mixed PMoV heteropoly acids with Keggin structures H3+xPMo12–xVxO40 (x = 1–6) and modified sulfide catalysts on their basis were synthesized, their physicochemical characteristics were determined, and their performance in the reactions of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) and hydrogenation of naphthalene was evaluated. Modification of the Mo-containing catalysts with vanadium by impregnation with a solution of mixed heteropoly acids was found to enhance their catalytic activity in the studied reactions, as well as to increase the selectivity for the direct hydrodesulfurization route of the DBT HDS reaction.

4

Jayanti, A. D., and A. Indarto. "Evaluation of phase separator number in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) unit." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 162, no. 1 (November 2016): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/162/1/012005.

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5

Gheni, Saba A., Saad A. Awad, Safaa M. R. Ahmed, Ghassan H. Abdullah, and Muthanah Al Dahhan. "Nanoparticle catalyzed hydrodesulfurization of diesel fuel in a trickle bed reactor: experimental and optimization study." RSC Advances 10, no. 56 (2020): 33911–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra05748g.

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6

AlKhafaji, Khlood S., Bashir Y. Al-Zaidi, Zaidoon M. Shakor, and Sattar J. Hussein. "Comparison between Conventional and Metakaolin bi-functional Catalyst in the Hydrodesulfurization Operation." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 12, no. 2 (June 21, 2022): 64–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v12i2.658.

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The present study investigates hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of gas oil with 9300 ppm (0.93 wt%) sulfur supplied from Al-Dura Refinery by using an economic catalyst prepared from raw mineral (kaolin clay) cemented by alumina as composite support alumina meta-kaolin (AMK). Characterization of the prepared catalyst was achieved by using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), BET surface area, pore volume , Bulk density, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). AMK was modified as a bifunctional catalyst with active metal (Co and Mo). The hydrodesulfurization (HDS) efficiency was evaluated and compared with the traditional catalyst (CoMo-Al2O3) in a hydrotreating reaction carried out in one stage reactor at temperature 375 oC, pressure 40 bar, LHSV 1hr-1, and H2/HC ratio 200 vol. ratio. 62.2% and 90% of hydrodesulfurization efficiency were achieved for prepared catalyst (CoMo-AMK) and commercial CoMo-Al2O3 respectively at the same operating conditions.

7

Hillerová, Eva, and Miroslav Zdražil. "Activity and selectivity of carbon-supported transition metal sulfides in simultaneous hydrodearomatization and hydrodesulfurization." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 54, no. 10 (1989): 2648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19892648.

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Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodearomatization (HYD) activities of carbon-supported sulfides of V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Nb, Mo, Ru, Rh, Pd, W, Re, Ir, and Pt, and of the commercial Co-Mo/Al2O3 catalysts were evaluated. Simultaneous hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene and hydrogenation of naphthalene to tetralin at pressure of 2 MPa were used as the model reaction. Platinum group metal sulfides and Re sulfide exhibited the highest HDS activity and Pd and Rh sulfides reached the activity of a good commercial Ni-Mo catalyst. Tha catalysts strongly differed in the selectivity of dihydrobenzothiophene formation during HDS; up to 55% of dihydrobenzothiophene was obtained over W sulfide, while Rh, Ni, Co-Mo and Ni-Mo catalysts produced less than 8% of it. The highest HYD activity exhibited platinum group metal sulfides; the best were Ir and Pt sulfides which were four times and three times more active than the commercial Ni-Mo catalyst, respectively. The selectivity HDA/HDS depend strongly on the type of transition metal. The sulfides of W, Ir and Pt were much more selective for HYD than the Ni-Mo catalyst, and the Co-Mo sample showed by far the lowest HDA/HDS selectivity.

8

Barba, Daniela. "Catalysts and Processes for H2S Conversion to Sulfur." Catalysts 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1242. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11101242.

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Hydrogen sulfide is one of the main waste products of the petrochemical industry; it is produced by the catalytic hydrodesulfurization processes (HDS) of the hydrocarbon feedstocks, and it is a byproduct from the sweetening of sour natural gas and from the upgrading of heavy oils, bitumen, and coals [...]

9

Tanimu, Abdulkadir, Saheed A. Ganiyu, Sagir Adamu, and Khalid Alhooshani. "Synthesis, application and kinetic modeling of CeOx–Si–CoMo catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene." Reaction Chemistry & Engineering 4, no. 4 (2019): 724–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8re00330k.

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10

Bianchini, Claudio, M. Victoria Jimenez, Andrea Meli, Simonetta Moneti, Francesco Vizza, Veronica Herrera, and Roberto A. Sanchez-Delgado. "Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Model Systems. Opening, Hydrogenation, and Hydrodesulfurization of Dibenzothiophene (DBT) at Iridium. First Case of Catalytic HDS of DBT in Homogeneous Phase." Organometallics 14, no. 5 (May 1995): 2342–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/om00005a035.

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11

Liang, Jilei, Mengmeng Wu, Jinjin Wang, Pinghe Wei, Bingfeng Sun, Yukun Lu, Daofeng Sun, Yunqi Liu, and Chenguang Liu. "A new approach to construct a hydrodesulfurization catalyst from a crystalline precursor: ligand-induced self-assembly, sulfidation and hydrodesulfurization." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 24 (2018): 6330–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy02007h.

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12

Spojakina, Alla, Květuše Jirátová, Václav Novák, Radostina Palcheva, and Luděk Kaluža. "Hydrodesulfurization of Different Feeds on CoMo/Al2O3 Catalyst Prepared Using Cobalt Heteropolyoxomolybdate." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 73, no. 8-9 (2008): 983–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc20080983.

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CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst prepared by impregnation of alumina support with cobalt heteropolyoxomolybdate was tested in hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene, 1-benzothiophene, or light gas oil under various reaction conditions and reactor arrangements. Its physicochemical properties are also examined. The obtained data are compared with those of two industrial HDS catalysts.

13

Lin, Riyi, Huida Pan, Weidong Xu, Liqiang Zhang, Xinwei Wang, Jianliang Zhang, and Kai Chen. "Hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene on Ni2P surface." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 6 (August 24, 2020): 2711–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720949976.

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The study of benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization reaction path contribute to clarifying the mechanism of hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of heavy oil. In this work, experiments and simulations were combined to study the reaction pathway of benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization catalyzed by Ni2P. In experimental part, Ni2P catalyst was prepared and characterized. Then, the catalytic property of the catalyst for benzothiophene hydrodesulfurization was evaluated. The substance types and contents in the liquid phase products were detected to verify the accuracy of the simulation results. Dmol3 module of the Materials Studio (MS) simulation software was used to simulate the adsorption and hydrodesulfurization of benzothiophene on the surface of Ni2P catalyst and explore the most probable reaction path. The results showed that the most stable adsorption configuration of benzothiophene on the surface of Ni2P was Ni-hcp. In addition, indirect desulfurization of benzothiophene was more advantageous than direct desulfurization. The most possible path for indirect desulfurization was Benzothiophene (BT) – Dihydrobenzothiophene (DHBT) – C8H9S2 – 2-phenylethyl mercaptan (PET) – Ethylbenzene (EB), while that of direct desulfurization was Benzothiophene (BT) – C8H7S2 – Styrene thiol (CMT) – Styrene (ST) – Ethylbenzene (EB).

14

Zhang, Jing Cheng, Hai Bin Yu, Jun Nan, Shan Geng, Xiao Guo Li, Xiao Long Qu, Yu Lin Shi, Yu Ting Zhang та Hong Guang Liu. "Synthesis and Hydrodesulfurization Performance of NiMo Sulfide Catalysts Supported on γ-Al₂O₃". Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (вересень 2013): 304–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.304.

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This work presents the synthesis and hydrodesulfurization performance of NiMo sulfide catalysts supported on γ-Al2O3 during the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT). The catalysts were synthesized by the co-impregnation method using an atomic ratio of Ni=Ni/(Ni+Mo)=0.5. The materials were characterized by N2 physisorption, XRD and HRTEM. This catalyst exhibited the larger pore size and high specific surface area, as well as better morphological properties. The catalytic activity was evaluated using a high-pressure batch reactor at 280 °C and 3.0 MPa. The catalytic activity during HDS-DBT indicated that the NiMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was better than that NiMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst. the NiMoS/γ-Al2O3 catalyst exhibits higher DDS selectivity (3.0) than NiMo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst (2.55).

15

Grossman, M. J., M. K. Lee, R. C. Prince, V. Minak-Bernero, G. N. George, and I. J. Pickering. "Deep Desulfurization of Extensively Hydrodesulfurized Middle Distillate Oil by Rhodococcus sp. Strain ECRD-1." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 4 (April 1, 2001): 1949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.4.1949-1952.2001.

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ABSTRACT Dibenzothiophene (DBT), and in particular substituted DBTs, are resistant to hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and can persist in fuels even after aggressive HDS treatment. Treatment by Rhodococcussp. strain ECRD-1 of a middle distillate oil whose sulfur content was virtually all substituted DBTs produced extensive desulfurization and a sulfur level of 56 ppm.

16

Li, Ning, Yong Ming Chai, Chang Long Yin, and Chen Guang Liu. "Synthesis of Porous NiMo Sulphide Act as HDS Catalyst by Alcohol Supercritical Drying Technique." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 921–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.921.

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Porous NiMo sulphide was successfully synthesized from ethanol supercritical fluid drying technique using (NH4)2MoS4and Ni(NO3)2as the precursors. It was shown that the NiMo sulphide had extremely high porosity and the specific surface area was 322 m2•g-1. The results of DBT hydrodesulfurization experimental showed that the porous NiMo sulfide prepared had high HDS activity, which was 2.78 times higher than that of a commercialized supported catalyst.

17

Hu, Jianheng, Zhenwei Zhang, Fei Wang, Shifu Zheng, Jinpeng Cai, Jilong Qin, Wenwen Liu, Shuai Liang, and Xingmao Jiang. "A controllable synthesis of nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon supported MoS2 catalysts for hydrodesulfurization of thiophene." RSC Advances 6, no. 103 (2016): 101544–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra22554c.

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18

Müller, Achim, Erich Krickemeyer, Rainer Jostes, Hartmut Bögge, Ekkehard Diemann, and Ulrich Bergmann. "Über [CO4S3(SO)(CN)12]8- : bemerkenswerte Bildung eines Clusters und eines „SO“-Liganden sowie Relevanz zum Promotor-Effekt bei der HDS-Katalyse / [Co4S3(SO)(CN)12]8-: A Remarkable Formation of a Cluster and a “SO ” Ligand and its Relevance to the Promotor Effect of HDS Catalysis." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 40, no. 12 (December 1, 1985): 1715–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1985-1219.

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Abstract The preparation of K8[Co4S3(SO)(CN)12] • 4 H2O (by cyanolysis of “cobalt sulfide”) and its properties (vibrational, UV/VIS and ESCA spectra, magnetic and thermogravimetric data, and crystal structure) are reported. The formation of a “SO " ligand through air oxidation is discussed with regard to the promoting effect of Co in the CoMoS phase of the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalyst

19

Mohd Nazmi, Nor Atiq Syakila, Salmiah Jamal Mat Rosid, Nurasmat Mohd Shukri, and Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah. "Catalytic Oxidative Desulfurization of Model Diesel Using TBHP-DMF System." Key Engineering Materials 908 (January 28, 2022): 355–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-7t108j.

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Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) technique is no longer applicable in achieving ultra-low sulfur diesel because of high operational cost, high operating temperature and low efficiency. Due to these disadvantage, catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Cat-ODS) has been introduced as a new technique in achieving ultra-low sulfur diesel. The performance of the Fe catalyst was investigated in Cat-ODS of model diesel using terbutyl hydroperoxide (TBHP) as oxidant and dimethylformamide (DMF) as an extracting solvent. The physicochemical analysis of this catalyst was accomplished using several characterization techniques such as BET, EDX and HRTEM. It posseses high surface area of 226 m2g-1 with small particle sizes in the range of 6-7 nm and less metal leaching. Under optimize condition, about 90% of sulfur was removed from model diesel. In the absence of catalyst, only about less than 80% of organosulfur compounds were removed. The Cat-ODS system showed the promising technology to be compliment with hydrodesulfurization (HDS) to produce low sulfur diesel.

20

Wu, Li Bao, Dong Mei Jiao, Li Fang Chen, Jin An Wang, and Fa Hai Cao. "Comparative Studies of the CoMo/MgO, CoMo/Al₂O₃ and CoMo/MgO-MgAl₂O₄ Catalysts Prepared by a Urea-Matrix Combustion Method." Advanced Materials Research 132 (August 2010): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.132.45.

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Three CoMo supported catalysts with different supports, Al2O3, MgO and MgO-MgAl2O4, were prepared by a urea matrix combustion method. The physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by N2 isothermal adsorption–desorption, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and temperature programmed reduction (TPR) techniques. The activity of these catalysts was evaluated in a fixed-bed high-pressure reactor using hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene as a model reaction. The urea matrix combustion preparation method greatly favored the formation of highly dispersed Co- and Mo-oxo species on the support, which had significant influence on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activity. XRD analysis showed that MgO was more sensitive to the deposition of Co-O or Mo-O species than Al2O3 and MgAl2O4; the former might be potentially used as an indicator of the Co- and Mo-oxo species formation. Among these catalysts, CoMo/MgO-MgAl2O4 exhibited a high HDS activity.

21

Lee, Seung-Woo, Jae Wook Ryu, and Whasik Min. "SK Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Pretreatment Technology for Ultralow Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) Production." Catalysis Surveys from Asia 7, no. 4 (December 2003): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:cats.0000008166.74672.db.

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22

Zhang, Yaojun, Zhaobin Wei, Weihong Yan, Pinliang Ying, Chunxin Ji, Xinsheng Li, Zhenhua Zhou, Xiuping Sun, and Qin Xin. "Synthesis and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrogenation (HYD) activity of dimolybdenum nitride." Catalysis Today 30, no. 1-3 (June 1996): 135–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0920-5861(96)00003-x.

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23

Curtis, M. David. "Molybdenum/cobalt/sulfur clusters: Models and precursors for hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysts." Applied Organometallic Chemistry 6, no. 5 (September 1992): 429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aoc.590060504.

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24

Wang, Qi, and Tong Wu. "Effects of lanthanum and ethylenediamine tetraacetic a cid." Cambridge Science Advance 2024, no. 2 (June 4, 2024): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.62852/csa/2024/9.

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Using nickel-tungsten as active metals and TiO₂-Al₂O₃ as the support, Ni-W/TiO₂-Al₂O₃ catalysts for the hydrodesulfurization of heavy oil were prepared by wetness impregnation. The effects of the modification of lanthanum, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA)and La in cooperation with EDTA on the structure and hydrodesulfurization performance of the catalysts were investigated. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, H₂-TPR and SEM. The results indicated that La and EDTA could weaken the interaction between support and active component, facilitate the reduction of active component, and benefit the formation of Ni-W-S phase. Addition of La or EDTA could increase the surface area and suppress the agglomeration of active metals on surface, forming smaller and highly dispersed active phase particles. The La, EDTA and combined La and EDTA modified catalysts possessed higher HDS activity than Ni-W sample, Ni-W-La-E catalyst had the highest HDS activity, and its thiophene conversion reached 99.7%.

25

Contreras, Carola, Fernanda Isquierdo, Pedro Pereira-Almao, and Carlos E. Scott. "Effect of Particle Size on the HDS Activity of Molybdenum Sulfide." Journal of Nanotechnology 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3752484.

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More than half of the total world oil reserves are heavy oil, extra heavy oil, and bitumen; however their catalytic conversion to more valuable products is challenging. The use of submicronic particles or nanoparticles of catalysts suspended in the feedstock may be a viable alternative to the conversion of heavy oils at refinery level or downhole (in situ upgrading). In the present work, molybdenum sulfide (MoS2) particles with varying diameters (10000–10 nm) were prepared using polyvinylpyrrolidone as capping agent. The prepared particles were characterized by DLS, TEM, XRD, and XPS and tested in the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of a vacuum gas oil (VGO). A correlation between particle size and activity is presented. It was found that particles with diameters around 13 nm show double the HDS activity compared with the material with micrometric particle sizes (diameter ≈ 10,000 nm).

26

Xu, Yingrui, Shunqin Liang, Limin Sun, Xiaoli Hu, Yuqi Zhang, Weikun Lai, Xiaodong Yi та Weiping Fang. "Management of γ-Alumina with High-Efficient {111} External Surfaces for HDS Reactions". Catalysts 10, № 11 (30 жовтня 2020): 1254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111254.

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A series of γ-alumina samples with different exposure ratio of {111} facet were synthesized by an efficient hydrothermal method via adjusting the pH value of the gel precursor. The nanorod alumina supported catalyst with the highest exposure of {111} facet exhibited the best hydrodesulfurization (HDS) activities of both thiophene and dibenzothiophene (DBT). Characterization of the sulfided NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst with preferential exposure of {111} facet showed that the MoS2 nano slabs were inclined to distribute in the direction along the edges of alumina nanocrystal in reduced stacking layers. The selective exposure of {111} facet played a decisive role in obtaining alumina-supported HDS catalysts with improved intrinsic activity. This work helps to better understand the relationship between catalytic properties and varied support surfaces, which demonstrate a proper design of the catalyst support morphology on the facet-level.

27

Xia, Liang Yan, Zhi Xiang Xia, Wei Tang, Hong Yan Wang, and Meng Xiang Fang. "Hydrogenation of Model Compounds Catalyzed by MCM-41-Supported Nickel Phosphide." Advanced Materials Research 864-867 (December 2013): 366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.864-867.366.

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MCM-41 supported nickel phosphide (Ni2P/MCM-41) was prepared by temperature-programmed reduction of the corresponding phosphate. The catalyst activity for hydrodeoxygenation (HDO), hydrodearomatization (HDA), hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) was investigated in a fixed bed reactor. O-cresol HDO, 1-methylnaphthalene HDA, quinoline HDN, dibenzothiophene HDS and simultaneous HDO, HDA, HDN, HDS were respectively tested at different temperatures with constant pressure (6.0 MPa), liquid hourly space velocity (3.0 h-1), hydrogen-to-oil volume ratio (600:1). The results indicate that Ni2P /MCM-41 catalyst has great performance on HDO, HDA, HDN, HDS in single model compound reactions. O-cresol and DBT are almost completely transformed at 375°C, while 1-methylnaphthalene and quinoline reach the highest conversion at 300°C. In the simultaneous reactions, quinoline shows higher conversion by competitive adsorption on the catalyst hydrogenation sites, leading to conversion decrease of o-cresol, 1-methylnaphthalene and DBT.

28

Sporka, Karel, Jiří Hanika, and Vladimír Jůn. "Preparation and Evaluation of Skeletal Cobalt-Molybdenum Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 60, no. 4 (1995): 568–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19950568.

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Preparation of skeletal Co-Mo catalysts by controlled impregnation of aluminosilicate skeletons containing deposited gamma-alumina with aqueous solutions of active component precursors has been investigated. The activity of the laboratory catalysts in gas oil hydrodesulfurization has been determined. Kinetics of impregnation of skeletal supports, the effect of their type, and the dependence of catalyst activity on the content of cobalt and molybdenum sulfides are reported. HDS skeletal catalysts prepared were compared with the extruded types. It was found that skeletal HDS catalysts show the higher activity (related to the content of alumina and Co-Mo sulfides) than the extruded ones due to the less significant effect of internal diffusion. However, if the activity is related to the same volume of catalyst bed, the activity of skeletal catalysts is only one fourth of that of the extruded types.

29

Srour, Alnaboulsi, Astafan, Devers, Toufaily, Hamieh, Pinard, and Batiot-Dupeyrat. "Elimination of Coke in an Aged Hydrotreating Catalyst via a Non-Thermal Plasma Process: Comparison with a Coked Zeolite." Catalysts 9, no. 9 (September 19, 2019): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal9090783.

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The removal of coke from an aged industrial hydrodesulfurization catalyst, using dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) non-thermal plasma with a pin to plate geometry, was investigated. The aged catalyst was introduced into the plasma reactor as a thin wafer. After 130 minutes of plasma treatment, with P = 30 W, 70% of the coke was removed while more than 40% of the sulfur was still present. Characterization of catalyst at different locations of the wafer showed that the coke was more easily removed at the center, close to the pin electrode where the electric field was more intense. The formation of an unexpected phase, under the plasma discharge, was highlighted, it corresponded to the family of Keggin HPA PMo12O40 3−, which could be an interesting precursor of catalyst for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process. Compared with a coked zeolite, the rate of regeneration is lower for the HDS catalyst under plasma discharge, while a lower temperature is required under conventional thermal oxidation. This is explained by the presence of metal particles, which could be responsible for the limitation in O-atom formation under plasma.

30

Curtis, M. David. "Electron-deficient molybdenum/cobalt/sulfido clusters: Chemistry related to hydrodesulfurization (HDS) catalysis." Journal of Cluster Science 7, no. 3 (September 1996): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01171183.

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31

LEDOUX, M. "Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) poisoning by vanadium compounds: EPR and metal solid NMR analysis." Journal of Catalysis 106, no. 2 (August 1987): 525–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(87)90265-x.

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32

Srinivas, Bhadri, Srikanth Karthik, and B. Sankararao. "Optimization of Trickle-Bed Reactors (TBRs) for Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and Hydrodearomatization (HDA) of Diesel using Single and Multiple Objectives." Chemical Product and Process Modeling 8, no. 2 (September 6, 2013): 93–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cppm-2013-0023.

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Abstract This article describes the formulation, solution and analysis of two single-objective optimization and one multi-objective optimization (MOO) problems on trickle-bed reactors (TBRs) involving hydrodesulfurization (HDS) and hydrodearomatization (HDA). The model used by Chowdhury et al. (AIChE J 2002;48:26) for TBR involving HDS and HDA is used in this study, to solve these optimization problems. The correctness of algorithm and the numerical procedure used in this study to solve the model equations are validated with the results of Chowdhury et al. (AIChE J 2002;48:26), before the model is used for optimization. Objective functions chosen in our optimization studies are minimization of sulfur concentration and maximization of total conversion of aromatics at the exit of TBR. Decision variables considered are reactor temperature, reactor pressure and liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV). Two single-objective optimization and one MOO problems are formulated and solved using simple genetic algorithm (SGA) and NSGA-II, respectively, to obtain the optimal values of reactor operating conditions. Pareto set for the MOO problem is generated which show that conflicting nature of the objective functions. Specifically, we have shown that the simultaneous minimization of exit sulfur and maximization of aromatics removal conflict each other in hydrotreating.

33

Spojakina, Alla A., and Nina G. Kostova. "Surface Properties and Catalytic Behaviour in Thiophene Hydrodesulfurization on Mo- and NiMo-Modified HZSM-5 Zeolites." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 12 (1992): 2509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19922509.

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Zeolite HZSM-5 containing 1 wt.% Ni and 10 wt.% Mo has been investigated using IR spectroscopy and thiophene hydrodesulfurization (HDS). The IR spectra indicate the strong interaction of molybdenum and nickel with zeolite lattice, forming polymolybdates of different composition. The acidity of the samples is influenced by the composition and reduction treatment. The zeolite is found to exhibit shape selectivity during thiophene conversion.

34

Abid, Mohammad F., Mohammed A. Hamza, Shakir M. Ahmed, Salah M. Ali, and Sattar J. Hussein. "SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF UNSUPPORTED CATALYST FOR GAS OIL DESULFURIZATION." Al-Qadisiyah Journal for Engineering Sciences 11, no. 3 (January 31, 2019): 357–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.30772/qjes.v11i3.566.

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Unsupported MoS2 catalysts were synthesized for the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of real feed gas oil using different temperatures and pressures. Hydrothermal method was utilized to prepare by using molybdenum trioxide and sodium sulfide. The characterization of the catalyst was identified by XRD, SEM, and BET techniques. It was found that BET surface and pore volume were positively affected by pressure and temperature that could improve the activity of MoS2. Kinetic analysis showed that HDS reaction over MoS2 follow pseudo-first order kinetics. Experimental results revealed that the HDS activity of the unsupported MoS2 catalyst was better than supported CoMo/Al2O3 catalyst under the same operating conditions.

35

Mansouri, Ali, and Natalia Semagina. "Palladium islands on iron oxide nanoparticles for hydrodesulfurization catalysis." Catalysis Science & Technology 8, no. 9 (2018): 2323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cy00088c.

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36

Martínez Guerrero, Reynaldo, Agileo Hernández-Gordillo, Víctor Santes, Jorge Roberto Vargas García, José Escobar, Leonardo Díaz-García, Lucía Díaz Barriga Arceo, and Vicente Garibay Febles. "Monometallic Pd and Pt and Bimetallic Pd-Pt/Al2O3-TiO2for the HDS of DBT: Effect of the Pd and Pt Incorporation Method." Journal of Chemistry 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/679281.

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The effect of the preparation method of monometallic Pd and Pt and bimetallic Pd-Pt/Al2O3-TiO2catalysts on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of dibenzothiophene (DBT) was investigated in this study. The synthesis was accomplished using three methods: (A) impregnation, (B) metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), and (C) impregnation-MOCVD. The bimetallic Pd-Pt catalyst prepared by the impregnation-MOCVD method was most active for the HDS of DBT compared to those prepared by the single impregnation or MOCVD method due to the synergetic effect between both noble metals. The greater selectivity toward biphenyl indicated that this bimetallic Pd-Pt catalyst preferentially removes sulfur via the direct desulfurization mechanism. However, the bimetallic Pd-Pt catalyst prepared using the single MOCVD method did not produce any cyclohexylbenzene, which is most likely associated with the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation sites.

37

Skala, Dejan, Aleksandar Orlovic, Branislav Markovic, Ana Tarlecki-Baricevic, and Dusan Jovanovic. "Hydrodesulfurization of light gas oil: Kinetic determination in a batch reactor." Chemical Industry 56, no. 12 (2002): 529–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind0212529s.

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The performed investigations were directed toward the analysis of the performance and activity of the fresh and regenerated Cyanamid HDS 20C catalyst in a laboratory batch reactor (2 dm3) for the HDS of the diesel fraction (light gas oil, LGO). Testing of the regenerated catalyst was performed with light gas oil (LGO) of different characteristics. The determined values of the reaction rate constant were compared to some published data in the literature for the HDS of specific sulfur compounds as well as the values of the activation energy. The rates of deactivation of the fresh and regenerated catalyst actually existed compared to some other results recently published in the literature. However, such an observed differences were not sufficient to derive a relation which could be used for the determination of the rate of catalyst deactivation.

38

Farag, Hamdy, Abd-Alrahman Embaby, Masahiro Kishida, Abdel-Nasser A. El-Hendawy, and Mohamed Mahmoud Nasef. "Highly Active Low Cobalt Content-Based Bulk MoS2 Hydrodesulfurization Catalysts with a Unique Impact of H2S." Journal of Chemistry 2018 (September 3, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/8076534.

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A series of unsupported MoS2, Co9S8, and Co-promoted MoS2 catalysts have been synthesized by tuned impregnation and successive thermal annealing methods using a continuous flow of a mixture of H2 and H2S gases. The resulting catalysts were evaluated in terms of their activity and selectivity for the hydrodesulfurization of dibenzothiophene (DBT) both in the absence and the presence of H2S. The inclusion of Co onto MoS2 affected both the hydrogenation and direct desulfurization reactions, with the latter (production of biphenyl) being magnified to a much greater degree than the former. Interestingly, low cobalt/molybdenum ratio of ca. 0.05 of the catalyst exhibited outstanding promotion efficiency in the hydrodesulfurization reaction. However, as cobalt is added, the synergy effect drastically decreased. H2S in the reaction mixture led to a remarkable step up in the product from the direct desulfurization reaction route with the most notable increases occurring for the product from the hydrogenation reaction pathway. The HDS activity of such catalysts was much higher than that of the commercial CoMo/Al2O3. The promotion by H2S was discussed.

39

Damyanova, Sonia, Alla Spojakina, and Zdeněk Vít. "Effect of Nickel and Phosphorus in Hydrodesulfurization of Thiophene and Hydrodenitrogenation of Pyridine over Alumina-Supported Molybdenum Catalysts." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 5 (1992): 1033–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19921033.

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The effect of nickel and phosphorus on activity of alumina-supported molybdenum catalysts in simultaneous hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene and hydrodenitrogenation (HDN) of pyridine was studied. The introduction of nickel into molybdenum-containing catalysts promotes strongly HDS of the alumina-supported nickel-molybdenum catalyst while the increase in HDN activity is less pronounced. The synergistic effect in pyridine HDN is explained as the consequence of synergism in HDS. The weak promoting effect of phosphorus was observed for NiMo/Al2O3 catalyst containing 1 wt% of phosphorus. Above this concentration, both HDS and HDN activities decrease again. HDS activity of P-modified NiMo/Al2O3 samples was similar to that of the commercial NiMo/Al2O3 Shell catalyst. However, the HDN selectivity in pyridine reaction was higher for commercial catalyst which is explained by exceptionally higher dispersion of nickel on this catalyst.

40

Usman, Usman, Takeshi Kubota, and Yasuaki Okamoto. "THE EFFECTS OF BORON ADDITION AND PRESULFIDATION TEMPERATURE ON THE HDS ACTIVITY OF A Co-MoS₂/Al₂O₃ CATALYST." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 5, no. 2 (June 14, 2010): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21809.

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The effect of boron addition was studied on the hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene over Co-MoS2/B/Al2O3 (CVD-Co/MoS2/B/Al2O3), which was prepared by a CVD technique using Co(CO)3NO as a precursor of Co. The catalyst was characterized by means of NO adsorption, XPS, Raman Spectroscopy, FTIR, and TEM. The HDS activity of CVD-Co/MoS2/B/Al2O3 catalyst increased as the boron content increased up to about 0.6 and 1.2 wt% B for the catalyst presulfided at 673 and 773 K respectively, followed by a decrease with a further addition of boron loading. In spite of the activity increase, the amount of NO adsorption on MoS2/B/Al2O3 steadily decreased with increasing boron loading, suggesting that the dispersion of MoS2 particles is decreased by the addition of boron. Selective formation of the CoMoS phase on CVD-Co/MoS2/B/Al2O3 was achieved by the CVD technique. The TOF of the HDS over the CVD-Co/MoS2/B/Al2O3 catalyst, defined by the activity per Co atom forming the CoMoS phase, increased as high as 1.6 and 1.9 times for the catalyst presulfided at 673 and 773 K, respectively. It is concluded that the addition of boron weakens the interaction between Mo oxides and Al2O3 surface, promoting the formation of the so called Co-Mo-S ";;;pseudo";;; type II over CVD-Co/MoS2/B/Al2O3 presulfided at 673 K. The Co-Mo-S ";;;pseudo";;; type II is a metastable phase with the TOF value intermediate between Co-Mo-S type I and type II. With CVD-Co/MoS2/B/Al2O3 presulfided at 773 K, the addition of boron promotes the formation of ";;;real";;; Co-Mo-S type II, possibly by the formation of well-crystallized MoS2 structure. Keywords: Hydrodesulfurization; Co-Mo sulfide catalysts; Effect of boron addition; CVD technique; Turnover frequency

41

Mohammed, Abdul Halim Abdul Karim, Hussain Kasim Hussain та Tariq Mohammed Naife. "Hydrodesulfurization of Iraqi Atmospheric Gasoil by Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 Prepared Catalyst". Journal of Engineering 23, № 11 (1 листопада 2017): 13–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2017.11.02.

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This study investigates the improvement of Iraqi atmospheric gas oil characteristics which contains 1.402 wt. % sulfur content and 16.88 wt. % aromatic content supplied from Al-Dura Refinery by using hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process using Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 prepared catalyst in order to achieve low sulfur and aromatic saturation gas oil. Hydrodearomatization (HDA) occurs simultaneously with hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process. The effect of titanium on the conventional catalyst Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 was investigated by physical adsorption and catalytic activity test.Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 catalyst was prepared under vacuum impregnation condition to ensure efficient precipitation of metals within the carrier γ-Al2O3. The loading percentage of metals as oxide; titanium oxide 3 wt. %, nickel oxide 5 wt. % and molybdenum oxide 12 wt. %. The performance of the synthesized catalyst for removing sulfur and aromatic saturation were tested at various temperatures 275 to 350°C, LHSV 1 to 4h-1, constant pressure 40 bar and H2/HC ratio 500 ml/ml.Results showed that the sulfur and aromatic content were reduced at all operating conditions. Maximum sulfur removal was 75.52 wt. % in gas oil on Ti-Ni-Mo/γ-Al2O3 at temperature 350˚C, LHSV 1h-1, while minimum aromatic content achieved was 15.6 wt. % at the same conditions.

42

Ammar, Dr Saad H. "The effect of mass transfer resistance on the kinetics of catalytic hydrodesulfurization of thiophene over Pt/Al2O3." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 2, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v2i1.35.

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In kinetic study of reactions carried out in the presence of heterogeneous catalyst, it is very important to study the effects of mass transfer rate firstly which can be effective in adding to chemical kinetic. The present work investigates the catalytic hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene over Pt/ Al2O3, to determine the effect of interface mass transfer resistance. The experimental work was performed in a HDS continuous flow fixed bed catalytic reactor unit consisted of a carbon steel tube (2.54 cm diameter, and 60 cm length), located in the laboratories of chemical engineering department, Baghdad University. The objective of the work was to investigate effect of mass transfer limitations (internal diffusion and external diffusion) in catalytic reaction of thiophene HDS. It was verified that mass transfer resistances has a small effect on the reaction rate.

43

Sikarwar, Prerana, Vijayalakshmi Gosu, and Verraboina Subbaramaiah. "An overview of conventional and alternative technologies for the production of ultra-low-sulfur fuels." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 35, no. 6 (July 26, 2019): 669–705. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2017-0082.

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Abstract Environmental concerns have given a great deal of attention for the production of ultra-low-sulfur fuels. The conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process has high operating cost and also encounters difficulty in removing sulfur compound with steric hindrance. Consequently, various research efforts have been made to overcome the limitation of conventional HDS process and exploring the alternative technologies for deep desulfurization. The alternative processes being explored for the production of ultra-low-sulfur content fuel are adsorptive desulfurization (ADS), biodesulfurization (BDS), oxidative desulfurization (ODS), and extractive desulfurization (EDS). The present article provided the comprehensive information on the basic principle, reaction mechanism, workability, advantages, and disadvantages of conventional and alternative technologies. This review article aims to provide valuable insight into the recent advances made in conventional HDS process and alternative techniques. For deep desulfurization of liquid fuels, integration of conventional HDS with an alternative technique is also proposed.

44

Lindner, J., A. Sachdev, M. A. Villa-Garcia, and J. Schwank. "A high resolution and Analytical Electron Microscopy study of novel solid state hydrodesulfurization catalysts." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 47 (August 6, 1989): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100153294.

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The removal of sulfur from petroleum feedstocks is of great importance to the oil industry. The process, known as hydrodesulfurization (HDS), is typically catalyzed by Group VIB metal oxides. The workhorse of the industry today is an alumina supported CoO-MoO3 catalyst. Recently, several models have been proposed for the active site responsible for HDS activity, but despite extensive research efforts there is still no clear relationship between structure and activity. We have prepared promoted and non-stoichiometric catalyst samples via a novel solid state synthesis route. These catalysts are not only quite active in the HDS of thiophene, but are also more thermally stable and consequently easier to characterize than the standard HDS materials prepared by wet chemistry methods. Most studies on HDS catalysts rely on bulk techniques for characterization analysis, however, these do not provide any information at the microscopic level where catalysis occurs. For that reason we have used analytical and high resolution electron microscopy to obtain information at the atomic level, coupled with bulk techniques such as x-ray diffraction and surface area measurements. The objective was to develop a link between the microstructure of our solid state catalysts and their HDS activity.

45

Kiani, Mona, Hamidreza Aghabozorg, Kheirollah Jafari Jozani, Alimorad Rashidi, and Mahboobeh Mohsennia. "Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes Supported Ni2P for Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of Naphtha." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 188, no. 9 (August 16, 2013): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426507.2012.745541.

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46

Myszka, Eugeniusz, Jolanta R. Grzechowiak, and Gerard V. Smith. "Influence of porous structure on HDS [hydrodesulfurization] activity of cobalt-molybdenum-nickel catalysts." Energy & Fuels 3, no. 5 (September 1989): 541–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef00017a001.

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47

Angelici, Robert J. "Organometallic Complexes as Models for the Adsorption of Thiophenes on Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) Catalysts." Bulletin des Sociétés Chimiques Belges 104, no. 4-5 (September 1, 2010): 265–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bscb.19951040414.

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48

Giraldo, Sonia A., Víctor G. Baldovino Medrano, and Aristóbulo Centeno. "Evaluating the functionalities of NiMo/y-Al2O3-B2O3 catalysts in naphthalene hydrodearomatization and dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization." CT&F - Ciencia, Tecnología y Futuro 4, no. 2 (December 30, 2010): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.29047/01225383.290.

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The aim of this work is to contribute to the current understanding on the role of the support’s acidic properties in the hydrogenating function of NiMo/-Al2O3 type catalysts during hydrodearomatization (HDA) and dibenzothiophene (DBT) type molecules desulfurization. NiMo/-Al2O3-B2O3 catalysts of different B2O3 (0, 2, 3, 6 and 8 wt.%) contents were prepared and tested in independent and simultaneous naphthalene (NP) HDA and DBT hydrodesulfurization (HDS) reactions. For HDA the catalytic activity as a function of the B2O3 content followed a volcano-shape trend, with a maximum around 3 wt.% of B2O3. In DBT desulfurization boron was found to have a positive effect in the development of the HYD route of desulfurization possibly due to an increase in total acidity. Conversely, the direct desulfurization route (DDS) was negatively affected by boron addition. The presence of NP during the HDS of DBT was found to have a significant effect in neither total HDS activity nor the HYD/DDS selectivity. The findings in this paper are significant for ultra-deep HDS of heavy oil cuts where increasing in the selectivity to HYD is a must because highly refractory alkyl-DBTs mostly react by this reaction route.

49

Drahorádová, Alexandra, and Miroslav Zdražil. "Comparison of Selectivity of Ni, Mo, and Ni-Mo Sulfide Catalysts in Parallel Hydrodenitrogenation and Hydrodesulfurization." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 57, no. 12 (1992): 2515–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19922515.

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Selectivity of hydrodenitrogenation/hydrodesulfurization (HDN/HDS) using carbon supported Ni, Mo, and Ni-Mo sulfide catalysts was studied at a pressure of 2 MPa and over a temperature range of 280-350 °C. A commercial alumina supported Ni-Mo sample was also included as reference catalyst. Model compounds used were pyridine and thiophene. Selectivity (HDN/HDS) increased with decreasing temperature and decreased in the order Ni, Mo, Ni-Mo. Ni/C catalyst exhibited unusually high HDN/HDS selectivity at low temperature, where HDN of pyridine was faster than HDS of thiophene. Selectivity was interpreted as an intensive property of a catalyst characterizing quality of active surface. The combination of Ni and Mo sulfides in Ni-Mo catalyst resulted in a strong shift in HDN/HDS selectivity to the HDS side; the selectivity of Ni-Mo sample was very low and was not an average of the selectivities of Ni and Mo catalyst. This was interpreted as the evidence of the chemical synergism in the Ni-Mo sulfide system, because structure synergism cannot cause such selectivity changes accompanying combination of Ni and Mo sulfide into the mixed catalyst.

50

Liu, Yu, Chun Hai Yi, Jia Yang Hu, and Bo Lun Yang. "Gasoline Desulfurization with Two Catalytic Distillation Columns." Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (July 2012): 550–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.550.

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A new approach was proposed to remove sulfuric compounds from fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline by combining an alkylation desulfurization catalytic distillation (ADCD) column with a hydrodesulfurization catalytic distillation (HDS-CD) column. In the ADCD column, isobutylene (IB) and 3-methylthiophene (3MT) were designated as the model compounds for olefin and sulfide, respectively; NKC-9 cation exchange resin was used as the catalyst. In the HDS-CD column, dibenzothiophene (DBT) was chosen as the model sulfides; Nickel phosphide supported on the TiO2-Al2O3 composite oxide prepared by our laboratory were designated as the HDS catalyst. Simulations for these two CD columns were carried out by RADFRAC module of Aspen Plus. The optimization results revealed that the ADCD column had an alkylation selectivity of 96%, and the sulfur content in the overhead stream was less than 8 μg/g. The simulation results of the HDS-CD process showed that the sulfide in the bottom stream of ADCD column can be removed practically by 100% and the clean oil stream from the bottom of HDS-CD column has hardly any sulfur.

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