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1
Li, Zhongshen, Yuanzheng Lin, Qihuai Chen, Kai Wu, Tianliang Lin, Haoling Ren, and Wen Gong. "Control Strategy of Speed Segmented Variable Constant Power Powertrain of Electric Construction Machinery." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2022): 9734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12199734.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Energy conservation and emission reduction have become a global development consensus. Traditional construction machinery driven by an engine has high energy consumption and poor emission. Electric construction machinery is considered to be one of the main trends in the future due to its zero emissions by canceling the engine and using the motor-driven hydraulic system. However, most of the existing electric construction machinery works through the motor to simulate the engine without considering the regulation characteristics of the motor. Therefore, although the existing electric construction machinery improves the emission and the energy efficiency of the power system to a certain extent, the control of the motor and hydraulic systems can still be further optimized. The energy efficiency of the whole machine can be maximized. Based on the LUDV system of construction machinery, a control strategy based on motor speed classification and variable constant power can automatically identify the actual working conditions of the electric excavator and adjust the starting pressure of the constant power valve, to change the constant power range of hydraulic pump and achieve the goal of adapting to the working conditions of power system, is proposed. Simulation and experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility of the proposed control strategy. The results show that the speed classification and variable constant power control system can effectively realize the hierarchical regulation of motor speed and provide relatively stable speed input for the hydraulic system. Moreover, the current working condition can be identified through the pump outlet pressure. The adaption of the working conditions can be realized through the proportional reducing valve by adjusting the starting pressure of the variable constant power valve.
2
Umnitsyn, A. A., and S. V. Bakhmutov. "Evaluation of compliance with the current standards requirements regarding the anti-lock braking system effectiveness of an electric vehicle with mixed braking support." Trudy NAMI, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2022-2-51-59.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction (statement of the problem and relevance). In accordance to the current standards the requirements were assessed: for the braking process efficiency of M1vehicles category using an antilock braking system (ABS) and the combined possibility control of two actuators - electric machines installed in the vehicle driving wheels as well as the electro-hydraulic modulation pressure unit in the hydraulic circuit of the working brake cylinders.The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly developed ABS algorithm in accordance with current standards and additional requirements.Methodology and research methods. The braking process computer simulation of a M1 vehicle category equipped with four electric motors and an electro-hydraulic braking system was carried out. As a result of calculations, the obtained braking parameters were to be compared and evaluate according to the requirements of UN Regulation No. 13H, as well as evaluate the braking efficiency parameters.Scientific novelty and results. The effectiveness of the developed control algorithm for the ABS actuators (electro-hydraulic unit and electric machines in the drive wheels) has been proven in terms of meeting the requirements of UN Regulation No. 13H. Studies showed an efficiency improvement of the ABS operating due to the proposed algorithm, when compared to foreign-produced analogues.The practical significance of the work is the proof of the developed algorithm efficiency for M1 electric vehicles category.
3
Paramonov, Aleksey, Safarbek Oshurbekov, Vadim Kazakbaev, Vladimir Prakht, and Vladimir Dmitrievskii. "Study of the Effect of Throttling on the Success of Starting a Line-Start Permanent Magnet Motor Driving a Centrifugal Fan." Mathematics 10, no. 22 (November 18, 2022): 4324. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10224324.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Direct-on-line synchronous motors are a good alternative to induction motors in fluid machinery drives due to their greater energy efficiency but have the significant disadvantage of limiting the maximum moment of inertia of the loading mechanism to ensure their successful and reliable start-up. This disadvantage is critical in centrifugal fans with a massive steel impeller. In this article, using a mathematical model, the dynamics of starting and synchronizing a permanent magnet synchronous motor fed directly from the mains as part of a fan drive are studied. The simulation results show the possibility of increasing the maximum moment of inertia of the load at the successful start-up of a direct-on-line synchronous motor by adjusting the hydraulic part of the fan pipeline by means of throttling. The conclusions of this paper can be used when selecting an electric motor to drive industrial fans and can contribute to wider use of energy-efficient synchronous motors with direct start-up from the mains.
4
Niraula, Abinab, Shuzhong Zhang, Tatiana Minav, and Matti Pietola. "Effect of Zonal Hydraulics on Energy Consumption and Boom Structure of a Micro-Excavator." Energies 11, no. 8 (August 10, 2018): 2088. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11082088.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper investigates the effect of extra weight caused by the Direct Driven Hydraulics (DDH) in a micro-excavator. These projects are investigating the implementation of zonal or decentralized hydraulics for non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) and stationary industrial applications. The benefit of DDH is the combination of electric and hydraulic technologies in a compact package compared to conventional hydraulics, which enables a reduction of potential leakage points, flexible tubing, and boosting of the system efficiency due to switching to direct pump control instead of a loss-generating conventional valve-based control. In order to demonstrate these benefits for the excavator case, this paper proposes a system model approach to assess and predict energy consumption of the zonal hydraulics approach implemented with DDH in various working cycles, complemented by a structural analysis. The finite element analysis utilized for this demonstrated that the extra weight and selected location of DDH units do not negatively affect the structure of the excavator. Simulation results demonstrated that the energy consumption is approximately 15% higher with extra weight added by the three DDH units. Although approximately 20% more regeneration energy is produced, taking into account the regeneration energy, the increases in energy consumption are about 12%.
5
Strilets, O., V. Malashchenko, and V. Strilets. "DYNAMIC MODEL OF SPEED CHANGE CONTROL DEVICE WITH DIFFERENTIAL GEAR AND CLOSED-LOOP HYDROSYSTEM VIA CARRIER." Scientific Bulletin Kherson State Maritime Academy 1, no. 22 (2020): 131–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33815/2313-4763.2020.1.22.131-141.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The purpose of the study is to build a dynamic model of the speed change device including a differential gear and a closed-loop hydraulic system, where the driving link is a sun gear driven by an electric motor, while a closed-loop hydraulic system is connected to the carrier and can change its speed due to changes in system’s throughput, the ability of the fluid to move across the hydraulic system, so that the necessary law of motion on the driven link - the ring gear can be obtained. The analysis of recent publications has revealed that the research of new speed control devices with a differential gear and a closed-loop hydraulic system through the carrier pays much attention to their structure, principle of operation, and the change in speed, that has been confirmed by analytical and graphical dependences. In addition, energy efficiency and self-braking of such devices has been studied by determining the coefficient of performance efficiency. The dynamics of such devices is waiting to be resolved. It will allow us to develop methods to reduce the impact of dynamic loads on the mechanical drives of machines when changing speed. The article proposes a mathematical model of the movement of a mechanical system for new devices for changing the speed using a differential gear with a closed-loop hydraulic system through the carrier. For this purpose, the equation of dynamics by the Lagrange method of the second kind has been used and the equation of kinetic energy of the system has been formed. Since there is a relationship between the speeds of all links in the differential gear, the expression for the kinetic energy of the system has been described by the speed of the driving and driven links, i.e., by the speed of the sun gear and the ring gear. The result of solving the Lagrange equation in partial derivatives is a system of two differential equations with unknown derivatives of the velocities of the sun gear and the ring gear. The obtained results are the basis for further computer simulation and quantitative analysis to assess the performance of such devices and select the necessary closed-loop hydraulic system to control speed changes. Based on the dynamic model, it is possible to compose and solve the equations of dynamics for typical cases of changes in the torque resistance: long-term shock, short-term shock and significant overload, up to the stop of the machine.
6
Chen, Linlin. "Hydraulic Lifting and Rotating System Lifting Machinery Transmission Control Design." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (June 7, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4617971.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the continuous improvement of the level of intelligence in the construction machinery industry, as one of the core technologies in the hydraulic lifting and rotating system, the lifting transmission control system has become a key factor in determining the performance of the elevator. As a hydraulic lifting machine with high protection level and powerful functions, the mechanical transmission controller has been recognized by the market. This study is based on the design of lifting machinery transmission control of hydraulic lifting and rotating system and studies the lifting mechanism transmission system in the hydraulic lifting and rotating system required for engineering operation. According to the functional characteristics of the transmission controller of the lifting mechanism, the control system scheme is designed. On this basis, the system design of the lift machinery transmission control and, according to this design, the functions of driving speed control and transmission mode switching are studied. Starting from the movement mechanism of hydraulic continuous lifting technology, this research carried out the principle design of mechanical transmission control, related calculations, selection of hydraulic components, corresponding simulations, structural design of mechanical transmission, and tests of hydraulic power systems. Finally, the control system was verified through simulation experiments, and technical difficulties such as the liquid supply mode of the large-flow system, the selection of standby working conditions, and the reliability and safety design were solved. It can be seen from the simulation results that, as the displacement ratio increases, the system efficiency increases, reaching more than 70%. When the valve opening reaches 20° when the valve port is closed, the efficiency of the power control valve reaches 95%. It can be seen that the control system established in this study has more advantages in power and economy. The transmission control system of hoisting machinery designed in this study can give greater play to its transmission efficiency and significantly reduce the working time and intensity of the operator.
7
Yang, Jian, Tiezhu Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Jichao Hong, and Zewen Meng. "Research on the Starting Acceleration Characteristics of a New Mechanical–Electric–Hydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicle." Energies 13, no. 23 (November 28, 2020): 6279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To simplify the layout of a purely electric vehicle transmission system and improve the acceleration performance of the vehicle, this paper utilizes the characteristics of the large torque of a hydraulic transmission system and proposes a new mechanical–electric–hydraulic dynamic coupling drive system (MEH-DCDS). It integrates the traditional motor and the swashplate hydraulic pump/motor into one, which can realize the mutual conversion between the mechanical energy, electrical energy, and hydraulic energy. This article explains its working principle and structural characteristics. At the same time, the mathematical model for the key components is established and the operation mode is divided into various types. Based on AMESim software, the article studies the dynamic characteristics of the MEH-DCDS, and finally proposes a method that combines real-time feedback of the accumulator output torque with PID control to complete the system simulation. The results show that the MEH-DCDS vehicle has a starting time of 4.52 s at ignition, and the starting performance is improved by 40.37% compared to that of a pure motor drive system vehicle; after a PID adjustment, the MEH-DCDS vehicle’s starting time is shortened by 1.04 s, and the acceleration performance is improved by 23.01%. The results indicated the feasibility of the system and the power performance was substantially improved. Finally, the system is integrated into the vehicle and the dynamic performance of the MEH-DCDS under cycle conditions is verified by joint simulation. The results show that the vehicle is able to follow the control speed well when the MEH-DCDS is loaded on the vehicle. The state-of-charge (SOC) consumption rate is reduced by 20.33% compared to an electric vehicle, while the MEH-DCDS has an increased range of 45.7 m compared to the EV. This improves the energy efficiency and increases the driving range.
8
Sun, Yue, Hongxin Zhang, and Jian Yang. "The Structure Principle and Dynamic Characteristics of Mechanical-Electric-Hydraulic Dynamic Coupling Drive System and Its Application in Electric Vehicle." Electronics 11, no. 10 (May 18, 2022): 1601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11101601.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To solve the problem of the low recovery rate of braking energy and the short driving range of electric vehicles, a novel mechanical-electric-hydraulic dynamic coupling drive system (MEH-DCDS) is proposed in this article. MEH-DCDS is a new power integration device that allows electric, mechanical, and hydraulic energy to be converted mutually. It comprises a swash plate plunger pump/motor and a permanent magnet synchronous motor. This article explains the structure and working principles of MEH-DCDS. We describe the dynamic characteristics of MEH-DCDS and analyze the pump and hydraulic motor in the MEH-DCDS hydraulic module. The simulation results show that the flow variation of the MEH-DCDS hydraulic module accords with the design concept of MEH-DCDS, and the pressure variation of high and low pressure accumulators also accords with the theoretical situation. The energy flow of Mechanical-Electric-Hydraulic Power Coupling Electric Vehicle (MEHPC-EV) under different working modes is expounded, and the mathematical model of its key components is established. Based on AMESim and Simulink, the article establishes a vehicle simulation dynamic model. The dynamic performance of MEHPC-EV in UDDS is analyzed by co-simulation. The simulation results show that the application of MEH-DCDS in electric vehicles is feasible. MEHPC-EV reduced battery energy consumption by 26.18% compared to EV. The research in this paper verifies the accuracy and superiority of the system, which has a significant reference value for the development and study of electric vehicles in the future.
9
Yang, Yang, Zhen Zhong, Fei Wang, Chunyun Fu, and Junzhang Liao. "Real-time Energy Management Strategy for Oil-Electric-Liquid Hybrid System based on Lowest Instantaneous Energy Consumption Cost." Energies 13, no. 4 (February 11, 2020): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13040784.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
For the oil–electric–hydraulic hybrid power system, a logic threshold energy management strategy based on the optimal working curve is proposed, and the optimal working curve in each mode is determined. A genetic algorithm is used to determine the optimal parameters. For driving conditions, a real-time energy management strategy based on the lowest instantaneous energy cost is proposed. For braking conditions and subject to the European Commission for Europe (ECE) regulations, a braking force distribution strategy based on hydraulic pumps/motors and supplemented by motors is proposed. A global optimization energy management strategy is used to evaluate the strategy. Simulation results show that the strategy can achieve the expected control target and save about 32.14% compared with the fuel consumption cost of the original model 100 km 8 L. Under the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) working conditions, the energy-saving effect of this strategy is close to that of the global optimization energy management strategy and has obvious cost advantages. The system design and control strategy are validated.
10
Chen, Yihui, Tiezhu Zhang, Hongxin Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Qingxiao Jia, Hao Chen, Haigang Xu, and Yanjun Zhang. "Study on the Effect of Hydraulic Energy Storage on the Performance of Electro-Mechanical-Hydraulic Power-Coupled Electric Vehicles." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 17, 2022): 3344. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203344.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In order to address the problems of low energy storage capacity and short battery life in electric vehicles, in this paper, a new electromechanical-hydraulic power coupling drive system is proposed, and an electromechanical-hydraulic power coupling electric vehicle is proposed based on this system. The system realizes the mutual conversion between mechanical energy, hydraulic energy, and electric energy through the electromechanical–hydraulic coupler. This paper describes the structural characteristics and working principles of the system and analyzes the different working modes during the driving of the vehicle. We established a mathematical model of the hydraulic accumulator and the hydraulic pump and motor. Based on the vehicle dynamics model, an AME Sim vehicle model was built and the vehicle, and the relevant hydraulic parameters were set in combination with the actual situation. The braking energy recovery and release process was jointly simulated by AME Sim and Simulink. The simulation results show that the hydraulic accumulator size of the accumulator volume can influence the maximum working pressure of the accumulator and the SOC of the vehicle battery, and it is verified that 35 L is the best capacity. This study has an important reference value for matching electromechanical–hydraulic coupling parameters of electric vehicles.
11
Li, Wenjing, Guofang Gong, Yakun Zhang, Jian Liu, Yuxi Chen, and Fei Wang. "Development and Parameters Analysis of Hydraulic Controlled Rotary Valve Excitation System." Energies 13, no. 15 (July 30, 2020): 3905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153905.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Electro-hydraulic excitation systems are key equipment in various industries. Electric motor driving rotary valves are mostly used in existing systems. However, due to the separate design of the driving and hydraulic parts, highly compact integration cannot be achieved by these type of systems. Moreover, investigation on the influence of relevant parameters on the system has been insufficient in previous studies. To overcome these problems, a novel full electro-hydraulic excitation system scheme as well as a parameters analysis are presented in this paper. Theoretical models of the flow areas for valve orifices of different geometric shapes are obtained, based on which an AMESim® simulation model of the system is established. The effects of the main parameters are analyzed using numerical simulations, and the coupling relationship of the parameters is revealed. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method. Experimental studies were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the proposed system scheme and the analysis results. We found that a highly compact integration can be obtained while maintaining a high reversing frequency. We also found that the proposed system has a certain level of load adaptability, which is superior to the existing methods.
12
Kulikov, Ilya, Kirill Karpukhin, and Rinat Kurmaev. "X-in-the-Loop Testing of a Thermal Management System Intended for an Electric Vehicle with In-Wheel Motors." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 6452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236452.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The article describes an elaboration of the X-in-the-loop (XiL) testing environment for a thermal management system (TMS) intended for the traction electric drive of an electric vehicle, which has each of its wheels driven by an in-wheel motor. The TMS features the individual thermal regulation of each electric drive using a hydraulic layout with parallel pipelines and electrohydraulic pumps embedded into them. The XiL system is intended as a tool for studying and developing the TMS design and controls. It consists of the virtual part and the physical part. The former simulates the vehicle operating in a driving cycle with the heat power dissipated by the electric drive components, which entails the change in their temperature regimes. The physical part includes the TMS itself consisting of a radiator, pipelines, and pumps. The physical part also features devices intended for simulation of the electric drive components in terms of their thermal and hydraulic behaviors, as well as devices that simulate airflow induced by the vehicle motion. Bilateral, real-time interactions are established between the two said parts combining them into a cohesive system, which models the studied electric vehicle and its components. The article gives a description of a laboratory setup, which implements the XiL environment including the mathematical models, hardware devices, as well as the control loops that establish the interaction of those components. An example of using this system in a driving cycle test shows the interaction between its parts and operation of the TMS in conditions simulated in both virtual and physical domains. The results constitute calculated and measured quantities including vehicle speed, operating parameters of the electric drives, coolant and air flow rates, and temperatures of the system components.
13
Zhang, Shuzhong, Tianyi Chen, Tatiana Minav, Xuepeng Cao, Angeng Wu, Yi Liu, and Xuefeng Zhang. "Position Soft-Sensing of Direct-Driven Hydraulic System Based on Back Propagation Neural Network." Actuators 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2021): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/act10120322.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Automated operations are widely used in harsh environments, in which position information is essential. Although sensors can be equipped to obtain high-accuracy position information, they are quite expensive and unsuitable for harsh environment applications. Therefore, a position soft-sensing model based on a back propagation (BP) neural network is proposed for direct-driven hydraulics (DDH) to protect against harsh environmental conditions. The proposed model obtains a position by integrating velocity computed from the BP neural network, which trains the nonlinear relationship between multi-input (speed of the electric motor and pressures in two chambers of the cylinder) and single-output (the cylinder’s velocity). First, the model of a standalone crane with DDH was established and verified by experiment. Second, the data from batch simulation with the verified model was used for training and testing the BP neural network in the soft-sensing model. Finally, position estimation with a typical cycle was performed using the created position soft-sensing model. Compared with the experimental data, the maximum soft-sensing position error was about 7 mm, and the error rate was within ±2.5%. Furthermore, position estimations were carried out with the proposed soft-sensing model under differing working conditions and the errors were within 4 mm, but the periodically cumulative error was observed. Hence, a reference point is proposed to minimize the accumulative error, for example, a point at the middle of the cylinder. Therefore, the work can be applied to acquire position information to facilitate automated operation of machines equipped with DDH.
14
Dindorf, Ryszard, and Piotr Wos. "Energy-Saving Hot Open Die Forging Process of Heavy Steel Forgings on an Industrial Hydraulic Forging Press." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 2, 2020): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071620.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The study deals with the energy-saving process of hot open die elongation forging of heavy steel forgings on an 80 MN industrial hydraulic forging press. Three innovative energy-saving power supply solutions useful for industrial hydraulic forging presses were analyzsed. The energy-saving power supply of hydraulic forging presses consists in reducing electricity consumption by the electric motor driving the pumps, reducing the noise emitted by pumps and reducing leaks in hydraulic piston cylinders. The predicted forging force as a function of heavy steel forging heights for various deformation temperatures and strain rates was determined. A simulation model of the 80 MN hydraulic forging press is presented, which is useful for determining the time-varying parameters during the forging process. An energy-saving control for the hydraulic forging press based on the forging process parameters’ prediction has been developed. Real-time model predictive control (MPC) was developed based on multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO), and global predictive control (GPC). The GPC has been implemented in the control system of an 80 MN industrial hydraulic forging press. The main advantage of this control system is the repeatability of the forging process and minimization of the size deviation of heavy large steel forgings
15
Yang, Zhiyu, Jixin Wang, and Yunwu Han. "A Novel Real-Time Center of Gravity Estimation Method for Wheel Loaders with Front/Rear-Axle-Independent Electric Driving." Journal of Control Science and Engineering 2021 (May 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6621060.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Estimation of the center of gravity (CG) is the basis for intelligent control of the front-and-rear-axis-independent electric driving wheel loaders (FREWLs). This paper presents a novel real-time method for estimating the CG of FREWLs, which is suitable for driving and spading conditions on bumpy roads. A FREWL dynamical model is proposed to set up the state-space model. The CG estimator is used to estimate the longitudinal tire force using the state-space model and the improved square-root unscented Kalman filter (ISR-UKF) algorithm. The simulation and experimental results indicate that this method is suitable for FREWL dynamics and operational characteristics, and the estimated value of CG basically converges to the reference value. Finally, the probable reasons for error occurring in two experiments and the practical challenges of this method are discussed. The research in this paper establishes a partial theoretical basis for intelligent control of construction machinery.
16
Kwon, Hyukjoon, and Monika Ivantysynova. "System Characteristics Analysis for Energy Management of Power-Split Hydraulic Hybrids." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 10, 2020): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071837.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Hydraulic hybrid powertrains provide an opportunity for specific applications, such as heavy-duty vehicles based on high-power density, which has not been included in other types of hybrid powertrains. Among the various architectures of hybrid vehicles, power-split hybrids have a greater possibility of producing better fuel efficiency than other hybrid architectures. This study analyzed the possible energy-saving characteristics of power-split hydraulic hybrid vehicles (HHVs); this has not been comprehensively described in previous studies. A typical configuration of power-split HHVs was modeled with the FTP-72 driving cycle using a novel simulation method that considered the dynamic and thermal behaviors together. The characteristics were analyzed in comparison to a power-split hydrostatic transmission (HST), which is designed with the same conditions except for hydraulic energy storage. The power-split HHV not only has a better fuel efficiency, but it also shows system energy-saving characteristics. The power-split HHV has more chances for engine idling, which is directly related to fuel consumption savings due to engine stop. Additionally, more engine idling time enables the system to operate in a more efficient area on the engine map by load leveling. The results for the system temperature show that the power-split HHV offers the possibility to deliver better thermal management because it prevents the waste of braking power, which is especially crucial for hydraulic systems in comparison to other power systems such as electric or mechanical power systems. The ease of thermal management results in less energy consumption for cooling down the system temperature by minimizing the cooling system, as well as in a better thermal stability for the hydraulic system. The power-split HHV characteristics analyzed in this study can be used to design and organize the system control logic while developing power-split HHVs.
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Tsarev, Yuri, Elena Adamcikova, and Martin Najie. "Automatization of settings of working organs of technological process of combine harvester." MATEC Web of Conferences 224 (2018): 05019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822405019.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The development of scientific and technological progress is currently in the direction of the introduction of electronic control systems that can help a human being in everyday affairs that does not require special creativity, for example, in unmanned driving, in aviation - the inclusion of an autopilot. The same happens in agricultural machinery. So in the modern harvester uses a system of precision agriculture, however, has reached the introduction of electronic systems that would regulate the optimum process flow of the operations, to take account of changing agricultural conditions on the field. Everything necessary for this purpose in combine harvesters is, it is electric and hydraulic drives that regulate the speed of the combine, the speed of rotation of the reel, the speed of rotation of the threshing unit, the speed of the fan, the amount of opening of the blinds, etc. However, now the combine operator sets it all manually. In the DSTU for several years as a program for on-Board computer (BC) and received a Patent for the invention, allowing to start the implementation of the process setup of the combine in automatic mode, but often the developer is easier to buy something abroad than to design and implement.
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Wang, Jianjun, and Jingyi Zhao. "Research on Cooperative Control of the Hydraulic System of Multiple Intelligent Vehicles Combined Transportation." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2020 (January 24, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2676105.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The multi-vehicle combined transportation of large-scale equipment or goods is studied, and various combined transportation modes are obtained. The research on four-vehicle combined transportation is studied, the four transport vehicles must ensure synchronization in the process of running, and the steering must be coordinated, otherwise major accidents may occur. Aiming at the stability control of multi-vehicle running synchronization, the system transfer function of pump-controlled motor in driving system is established, and the PID control is added. The simulation results show that adding the PID control algorithm can improve the speed stability of the transport vehicle. And the geometric model of the steering mechanism is established, the functional relationship between the steering angle and the stroke of the steering cylinder is obtained, and the relationship between the electric signal of proportional valve and the steering angle is deduced. On this basis, the coordinated control system of four-vehicle running synchronization and steering coordination based on CAN (controller area network) bus is designed. The master-slave synchronization control strategy and the PID control are applied to the four-vehicle combined transportation. According to the data collected from the test, it is proved that the control strategy fully meets the transportation requirements, and can provide theoretical basis and design method reference for the safe and reliable combined transportation of various types of transport vehicles.
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Lyu, Litong, Xiao Liang, and Jingbo Guo. "Synchronization Control of a Dual-Cylinder Lifting Gantry of Segment Erector in Shield Tunneling Machine under Unbalance Loads." Machines 9, no. 8 (August 2, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines9080152.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Segment assembling is one of the principle processes during tunnel construction using shield tunneling machines. The segment erector is a robotic manipulator powered by a hydraulic system to assemble prefabricated concrete segments onto the excavated tunnel surface. Nowadays, automation of the segment erector has become one of the definite developing trends to further improve the efficiency and safety during construction; thus, closed-loop motion control is an essential technology. Within the segment erector, the lifting gantry is driven by dual cylinders to lift heavy segments in the radial direction. Different from the dual-cylinder mechanism used in other machines such as forklifts, the lifting gantry usually works at an inclined angle, leading to unbalanced loads on the two sides. Although strong guide rails are applied to ensure synchronization, the gantry still occasionally suffers from chattering, “pull-and-drag”, or even being stuck in practice. Therefore, precise motion tracking control as well as high-level synchronization of the dual cylinders have become essential for the lifting gantry. In this study, a complete dynamics model of the dual-cylinder lifting gantry is constructed, considering the linear motion as well as the additional rotational motion of the crossbeam, which reveals the essence of poor synchronization. Then, a two-level synchronization control scheme is synthesized. The thrust allocation is designed to coordinate the dual cylinders and keep the rotational angle of the crossbeam within a small range. The motion tracking controller is designed based on the adaptive robust control theory to guarantee the linear motion tracking precision. The theoretical performance is analyzed with corresponding proof. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted and the results show that the proposed scheme achieves high-precision motion tracking performance and simultaneous high-level synchronization of dual cylinders under unbalanced loads.
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Šušnjar, Marijan, Zdravko Pandur, Marin Bačić, Kruno Lepoglavec, Hrvoje Nevečerel, and Hrvoje Kopseak. "Possibilities for the Development of an Electric Hybrid Skidder Based on Energy Consumption Measurement in Real Terrain Conditions." Forests 14, no. 1 (December 28, 2022): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14010058.
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Growing demand for forest machines that cost less to operate than current compared to traditional hydraulic and mechanical ones, along with regulatory pressures for lower emissions, is increasing manufacturers’ interest in developing electric and hybrid drives. While purely electric drives of forest machines meet a lot of bottlenecks (costs of the electric components, battery durability, duration of charging, access to the electrical grid, size of batteries that can ensure enough energy for 8 h working time), electric hybrid drives offer a favorable solution for the propulsion of forestry machinery in terms of lower fuel consumption and improved efficiency. Among all forest vehicles, specialized forest tractors (skidders), so far, have not been considered for forest vehicles with hybrid drive capabilities. A skidder is a forest-articulated self-propelled vehicle for pulling trees or parts of trees. In most countries in southern Europe, the use of skidders equipped with forest winches is the most common technique for timber extraction. The first goal of the research is to develop methods for measuring the energy consumption of skidders at different operating tasks and under different field conditions. Research was performed on the skidder Ecotrac 140V (from Croatian producer Hittner Ltd.) during timber extraction in mountainous terrains in Lika–Senj County. The skidder was equipped with a measuring device WIGO-E (Telematic Data collector) gateway with an integrated GPS system, which ensured data were collected from sensors and motor and stored in a computer via CANBUS and data transfer with GSM to Web platforms. Additionally, a fuel-flow meter was installed on the skidder. Data on fuel consumption (mL), position (traveling route), detection of winch work, engine rpm (min−1), engine torque (% of max), throttle position (%), and engine temperature were measured with a sampling frequency of 5 s. Furthermore, skidder load volumes per cycles and slopes of tractor paths were constantly measured. The paper shows the skidder’s energy consumption per day, work cycle, and individual work procedure with regard to the size of the load, the slope of the tractor path, and the direction of movement based on overlapping and merging all measurement data. Using mathematical and simulation models of the drive with defined operating cycles obtained by measurement, the possibilities of the hybrid drive and the dimensions of the elements of the hybrid drive (internal combustion engine, electric motor, batteries, control unit) were determined and are presented in this paper.
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Dou, Haishi, Hongqian Wei, Youtong Zhang, and Qiang Ai. "Configuration Design and Optimal Energy Management for Coupled-Split Powertrain Tractor." Machines 10, no. 12 (December 7, 2022): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10121175.
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High-power tractors are regarded as effective operation tools in agriculture, and plugin hybrid tractors have shown potential as agricultural machinery, due to their wide application in energy conservation. However, the allocation of the output power of the motors and engine is a challenging task, given that the energy management strategy (EMS) is nonlinearly constrained. On the other hand, the structure of the continuous variable transmission (CVT) system is complicated, and affects the price of tractors. In this paper, a variable configuration of a tractor that could have the same performance as a complex CVT system is proposed. To address the EMS issues that have shown poor performance in real time, where the programming runs online, firstly a demand power prediction algorithm is proposed in a rotary tillage operation mode. Secondly, an equivalent fuel consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is used to optimize the power distribution between the engine and the motors. In addition, the equivalent factor is optimized with an offline genetic algorithm. Thirdly, the equivalent factor is converted into a lookup table, and is used for an online power distribution with different driving mileages and state-of-charge (SOC). The simulation results indicate that the equivalent fuel consumption is reduced by 8.4% and extends the operating mileage of pure electric power. Furthermore, the error between the actual and forecasted demand power is less than 1%. The online EMS could improve the mileage of the tractor working cycle with a more feasible fuel economy based on demand power predictions.
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Goswami, Giota, Suraj Jaiswal, Charles Nutakor, and Jussi Sopanen. "Co-simulation platform for simulating heavy mobile machinery with hydraulic actuators and various hybrid electric powertrains." IEEE Access, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2022.3211523.
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Bertolin, Mateus, and Andrea Vacca. "An Energy Efficient Power-Split Hybrid Transmission System to Drive Hydraulic Implements in Construction Machines." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 143, no. 10 (May 28, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.4051035.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper proposes a novel hybrid power-split transmission to drive hydraulic implements in construction machinery. The highly efficient power-split hybrid transmission is combined with displacement-controlled (DC) actuators to eliminate throttling losses within the hydraulic system and achieve higher fuel savings. The architecture design, sizing, and power-management are addressed. Simulation results considering a realistic truck-loading cycle on a mini-excavator demonstrate the feasibility of the idea. A systematic comparison between the proposed system and the previously developed series–parallel hybrid is also carried out. The paper compares engine operation and fuel consumption of the previously mentioned hybrid system with the original nonhybrid load-sensing (LS) machine. It is shown that by implementing an efficient engine operation control, the proposed system can achieve up to 60.2% improvement in fuel consumption when compared to the original machine and consume 11.8% less than the previously developed series–parallel hybrid with DC actuation. Other advantages of the proposed solution include a much steadier engine operation, which open to the possibility of designing an engine for optimal consumption and emissions at a single operating point as well as greatly reduce pollutant emissions. A steadier prime mover operation should also benefit fully electric machines, as the battery would not be stressed with heavy transients.