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1
Bhattacharya, Biswa, Maurizio Mazzoleni, and Reyne Ugay. "Flood Inundation Mapping of the Sparsely Gauged Large-Scale Brahmaputra Basin Using Remote Sensing Products." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5 (March 1, 2019): 501. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050501.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Sustainable water management is one of the important priorities set out in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the United Nations, which calls for efficient use of natural resources. Efficient water management nowadays depends a lot upon simulation models. However, the availability of limited hydro-meteorological data together with limited data sharing practices prohibits simulation modelling and consequently efficient flood risk management of sparsely gauged basins. Advances in remote sensing has significantly contributed to carrying out hydrological studies in ungauged or sparsely gauged basins. In particular, the global datasets of remote sensing observations (e.g., rainfall, evaporation, temperature, land use, terrain, etc.) allow to develop hydrological and hydraulic models of sparsely gauged catchments. In this research, we have considered large scale hydrological and hydraulic modelling, using freely available global datasets, of the sparsely gauged trans-boundary Brahmaputra basin, which has an enormous potential in terms of agriculture, hydropower, water supplies and other utilities. A semi-distributed conceptual hydrological model was developed using HEC-HMS (Hydrologic Modelling System from Hydrologic Engineering Centre). Rainfall estimates from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) was compared with limited gauge data and used in the simulation. The Nash Sutcliffe coefficient of the model with the uncorrected rainfall data in calibration and validation were 0.75 and 0.61 respectively whereas the similar values with the corrected rainfall data were 0.81 and 0.74. The output of the hydrological model was used as a boundary condition and lateral inflow to the hydraulic model. Modelling results obtained using uncorrected and corrected remotely sensed products of rainfall were compared with the discharge values at the basin outlet (Bahadurabad) and with altimetry data from Jason-2 satellite. The simulated flood inundation maps of the lower part of the Brahmaputra basin showed reasonably good match in terms of the probability of detection, success ratio and critical success index. Overall, this study demonstrated that reliable and robust results can be obtained in both hydrological and hydraulic modelling using remote sensing data as the only input to large scale and sparsely gauged basins.
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Kreye, Phillip, and Günter Meon. "Subgrid spatial variability of soil hydraulic functions for hydrological modelling." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 6 (July 1, 2016): 2557–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-20-2557-2016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. State-of-the-art hydrological applications require a process-based, spatially distributed hydrological model. Runoff characteristics are demanded to be well reproduced by the model. Despite that, the model should be able to describe the processes at a subcatchment scale in a physically credible way. The objective of this study is to present a robust procedure to generate various sets of parameterisations of soil hydraulic functions for the description of soil heterogeneity on a subgrid scale. Relations between Rosetta-generated values of saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and van Genuchten's parameters of soil hydraulic functions were statistically analysed. An universal function that is valid for the complete bandwidth of Ks values could not be found. After concentrating on natural texture classes, strong correlations were identified for all parameters. The obtained regression results were used to parameterise sets of hydraulic functions for each soil class. The methodology presented in this study is applicable on a wide range of spatial scales and does not need input data from field studies. The developments were implemented into a hydrological modelling system.
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Game, Paguédame, Mingyang Wang, Philippe Audra, and Philippe Gourbesville. "Challenges & solutions for deterministic hydraulic modelling in Mediterranean coastal catchment. Application to the lower Paillons River, Nice, France." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1136, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1136/1/012026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Different methods are used in hydrological and hydraulic modelling in a catchment. Deterministic modelling can be used to produce detailed information and optimize the organization of massive data collection. In the catchment of Paillons, there is a need to improve knowledge of hydrological processes through deterministic modelling. In fact, Nice Côte d’Azur metropolis faces numerous challenges in the Paillons catchment. The area provides water resources for large communities. However, it is exposed to flooding and droughts. Complex hydrological processes generate runoff over the 246 km2 watershed. Few existing monitoring stations provide runoff data. In addition, there are limitations in the understanding of surface hydraulics. Thus, this study uses DHI Mike21FM for surface hydraulics with 5 m grid size for riverbed and 2 m for tunnels. The study area is limited to the lower Paillons River. Observed and modelled water depths vary between 0.1 and 0.5 m for a maximum discharge of 38 m3/s in the tunnels. Flood maps created with a discharge of 1000 m3/s, show clearly high flood risk zones and flow directions. The selected CFL condition under 0.8 is respected. The tool is suitable for modeling flooding in areas of interest within the catchment of study. The results obtained are satisfactory and demonstrate that the constructed tool makes it possible to reproduce the overall behavior of surface hydraulics.
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Kunstmann, H., J. Krause, and S. Mayr. "Inverse distributed hydrological modelling of alpine catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 6 (December 1, 2005): 2581–623. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-2-2581-2005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Even in physically based distributed hydrological models, various remaining parameters must be estimated for each sub-catchment. This can involve tremendous effort, especially when the number of sub-catchments is large and the applied hydrological model is computationally expensive. Automatic parameter estimation tools can significantly facilitate the calibration process. Hence, we combined the nonlinear parameter estimation tool PEST with the distributed hydrological model WaSiM. PEST is based on the Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg method, a gradient-based nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm. WaSiM is a fully distributed hydrological model using physically based algorithms for most of the process descriptions. WaSiM was applied to the alpine/prealpine Ammer River catchment (southern Germany, 710 km2) in a 100×100 m2 horizontal resolution. The catchment is heterogeneous in terms of geology, pedology and land use and shows a complex orography (the difference of elevation is around 1600 m). Using the developed PEST-WaSiM interface, the hydrological model was calibrated by comparing simulated and observed runoff at eight gauges for the hydrologic year 1997 and validated for the hydrologic year 1993. For each sub-catchment four parameters had to be calibrated: the recession constants of direct runoff and interflow, the drainage density, and the hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost aquifer. Additionally, five snowmelt specific parameters were adjusted for the entire catchment. Altogether, 37 parameters had to be calibrated. Additional a priori information (e.g. from flood hydrograph analysis) narrowed the parameter space of the solutions and improved the non-uniqueness of the fitted values. A reasonable quality of fit was achieved. Discrepancies between modelled and observed runoff were also due to the small number of meteorological stations and corresponding interpolation artefacts in the orographically complex terrain. A detailed covariance analysis was performed allowing to derive confidence bounds for all estimated parameters. The correlation between the estimated parameters was in most cases negligible, showing that parameters were estimated independently from each other.
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Kunstmann, H., J. Krause, and S. Mayr. "Inverse distributed hydrological modelling of Alpine catchments." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 3 (June 7, 2006): 395–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-395-2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Even in physically based distributed hydrological models, various remaining parameters must be estimated for each sub-catchment. This can involve tremendous effort, especially when the number of sub-catchments is large and the applied hydrological model is computationally expensive. Automatic parameter estimation tools can significantly facilitate the calibration process. Hence, we combined the nonlinear parameter estimation tool PEST with the distributed hydrological model WaSiM. PEST is based on the Gauss-Marquardt-Levenberg method, a gradient-based nonlinear parameter estimation algorithm. WaSiM is a fully distributed hydrological model using physically based algorithms for most of the process descriptions. WaSiM was applied to the alpine/prealpine Ammer River catchment (southern Germany, 710 km2 in a 100×100 m2 horizontal resolution. The catchment is heterogeneous in terms of geology, pedology and land use and shows a complex orography (the difference of elevation is around 1600 m). Using the developed PEST-WaSiM interface, the hydrological model was calibrated by comparing simulated and observed runoff at eight gauges for the hydrologic year 1997 and validated for the hydrologic year 1993. For each sub-catchment four parameters had to be calibrated: the recession constants of direct runoff and interflow, the drainage density, and the hydraulic conductivity of the uppermost aquifer. Additionally, five snowmelt specific parameters were adjusted for the entire catchment. Altogether, 37 parameters had to be calibrated. Additional a priori information (e.g. from flood hydrograph analysis) narrowed the parameter space of the solutions and improved the non-uniqueness of the fitted values. A reasonable quality of fit was achieved. Discrepancies between modelled and observed runoff were also due to the small number of meteorological stations and corresponding interpolation artefacts in the orographically complex terrain. Application of a 2-dimensional numerical groundwater model partly yielded a slight decrease of overall model performance when compared to a simple conceptual groundwater approach. Increased model complexity therefore did not yield in general increased model performance. A detailed covariance analysis was performed allowing to derive confidence bounds for all estimated parameters. The correlation between the estimated parameters was in most cases negligible, showing that parameters were estimated independently from each other.
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Fang, Fangxin. "Numerical and Data-Driven Modelling in Coastal, Hydrological and Hydraulic Engineering." Water 13, no. 4 (February 16, 2021): 509. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040509.
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Hankin, Barry, Peter Metcalfe, Keith Beven, and Nick A. Chappell. "Integration of hillslope hydrology and 2D hydraulic modelling for natural flood management." Hydrology Research 50, no. 6 (July 17, 2019): 1535–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2019.150.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Natural flood management (NFM) has recently invigorated the hydrological community into redeploying its process understanding of hydrology and hydraulics to try to quantify the impacts of many distributed, ‘nature-based’ measures on the whole-catchment response. Advances in spatial data analysis, distributed hydrological modelling and fast numerical flow equation solvers mean that whole-catchment modelling including computationally intensive uncertainty analyses are now possible, although perhaps the community has not yet converged on the best overall parsimonious framework. To model the effects of tree-planting, we need to understand changes to wet canopy evaporation, surface roughness and infiltration rates; to model inline storage created by ‘leaky barriers’ or offline storage, we need accurate channel hydraulics to understand the changes to attenuation; to model the complex behaviour of the whole network of NFM measures, and the possibility of flood peak synchronisation effects, we need efficient realistic routing models, linked to key flow pathways that take into account the main physical processes in soils and the antecedent moisture conditions for a range of different rainfall events. This paper presents a new framework to achieve this, based on a cascade of the Dynamic Topmodel runoff generation model and the JFlow or HEC-RAS 2D hydraulic models, with an application to the Swindale Catchment in Cumbria, UK. We demonstrate the approach to quantify both the effectiveness of a relatively large ‘runoff attenuation feature’ in the landscape and the uncertainty in the calculation given model parameter uncertainty.
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Vieux, Baxter E., and Nadim S. Farajalla. "Capturing the essential spatial variability in distributed hydrological modelling: Hydraulic roughness." Hydrological Processes 8, no. 3 (May 1994): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.3360080304.
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Clilverd, H. M., J. R. Thompson, C. M. Heppell, C. D. Sayer, and J. C. Axmacher. "Coupled Hydrological/Hydraulic Modelling of River Restoration Impacts and Floodplain Hydrodynamics." River Research and Applications 32, no. 9 (May 18, 2016): 1927–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.3036.
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Varlas, George, Anastasios Papadopoulos, George Papaioannou, and Elias Dimitriou. "Evaluating the Forecast Skill of a Hydrometeorological Modelling System in Greece." Atmosphere 12, no. 7 (July 13, 2021): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos12070902.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
A hydrometeorological forecasting system has been operating at the Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Inland Waters (IMBRIW) of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) since September 2015. The system consists of the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model, the WRF-Hydro hydrological model, and the HEC-RAS hydraulic–hydrodynamic model. The system provides daily 120 h weather forecasts focusing on Greece (4 km horizontal resolution) and hydrological forecasts for the Spercheios and Evrotas rivers in Greece (100 m horizontal resolution), also providing flash flood inundation forecasts when needed (5 m horizontal resolution). The main aim of this study is to evaluate precipitation forecasts produced in a 4-year period (September 2015–August 2019) using measurements from meteorological stations across Greece. Water level forecasts for the Evrotas and Spercheios rivers were also evaluated using measurements from hydrological stations operated by the IMBRIW. Moreover, the forecast skill of the chained meteorological–hydrological–hydraulic operation of the system was investigated during a catastrophic flash flood in the Evrotas river. The results indicated that the system provided skillful precipitation and water level forecasts. The best evaluation results were yielded during rainy periods. They also demonstrated that timely flash flood forecasting products could benefit flood warning and emergency responses due to their efficiency and increased lead time.
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Ridler, Marc-Etienne, Donghua Zhang, Henrik Madsen, Jacob Kidmose, Jens C. Refsgaard, and Karsten H. Jensen. "Bias-aware data assimilation in integrated hydrological modelling." Hydrology Research 49, no. 4 (December 5, 2017): 989–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2017.117.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract One of the major challenges in hydrological data assimilation applications is the presence of bias in both models and observations. The present study uses the ensemble transform Kalman filtering (ETKF) method and an observational bias estimation technique to estimate groundwater hydraulic heads. The study was carried out in a relatively complex, groundwater dominated, catchment in Denmark using the MIKE SHE model code. The method is implemented and evaluated using synthetic data and subsequently tested against real observations. The results from the synthetic experiments show that the bias-aware filter outperforms the standard filter, with improved state estimate and correct bias estimate. The assimilation using real observations further demonstrates the robustness of bias-aware ETKF, and the potential improvements using integrated hydrological modelling. Furthermore, the experiments with assimilating over different depths show that the state estimates depend on correlation across layers.
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Siergieiev, D., L. Ehlert, T. Reimann, A. Lundberg, and R. Liedl. "Modelling hyporheic processes for regulated rivers under transient hydrological and hydrogeological conditions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 19, no. 1 (January 16, 2015): 329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-19-329-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Understanding the effects of major hydrogeological controls on hyporheic exchange and bank storage is essential for river water management, groundwater abstraction, restoration and ecosystem sustainability. Analytical models cannot adequately represent complex settings with, for example, transient boundary conditions, varying geometry of surface water–groundwater interface, unsaturated and overland flow, etc. To understand the influence of parameters such as (1) sloping river banks, (2) varying hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed and (3) different river discharge wave scenarios on hyporheic exchange characteristics such as (a) bank storage, (b) return flows and (c) residence time, a 2-D hydrogeological conceptual model and, subsequently, an adequate numerical model were developed. The numerical model was calibrated against observations in the aquifer adjacent to the hydropower-regulated Lule River, northern Sweden, which has predominantly diurnal discharge fluctuations during summer and long-lasting discharge peaks during autumn and winter. Modelling results revealed that bank storage increased with river wave amplitude, wave duration and smaller slope of the river bank, while maximum exchange flux decreased with wave duration. When a homogeneous clogging layer covered the entire river–aquifer interface, hydraulic conductivity positively affected bank storage. The presence of a clogging layer with hydraulic conductivity < 0.001 m d−1 significantly reduced the exchange flows and virtually eliminated bank storage. The bank storage return/fill time ratio was positively related to wave amplitude and the hydraulic conductivity of the interface and negatively to wave duration and bank slope. Discharge oscillations with short duration and small amplitude decreased bank storage and, therefore, the hyporheic exchange, which has implications for solute fluxes, redox conditions and the potential of riverbeds as fish-spawning locations. Based on these results, river regulation strategies can be improved by considering the effect of certain wave event configurations on hyporheic exchange to ensure harmonious hydrogeochemical functioning of the river–aquifer interfaces and related ecosystems.
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Siergieiev, D., L. Ehlert, T. Reimann, A. Lundberg, and R. Liedl. "Modelling hyporheic processes for regulated rivers under transient hydrological and hydrogeological conditions." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 8 (August 5, 2014): 9327–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-9327-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Understanding the effects of major hydrogeological controls on hyporheic exchange and bank storage is essential for river water management, groundwater abstraction, restoration and ecosystem sustainability. Analytical models cannot adequately represent complex settings with, for example, transient boundary conditions, varying geometry of surface water–groundwater interface, unsaturated and overland flow, etc. To understand the influence of parameters such as (1) sloping river banks, (2) varying hydraulic conductivity of the riverbed and (3) different river discharge wave scenarios on hyporheic exchange characteristics such as (a) bank storage, (b) return flows and (c) residence time, a 2-D hydrogeological conceptual model and, subsequently, an adequate numerical model were developed. The numerical model was calibrated against observations in the aquifer adjacent to the hydropower regulated Lule River, Northern Sweden, which has predominantly diurnal discharge fluctuations during summer and long-lasting discharge peaks during autumn and winter. Modelling results revealed that bank storage increased with river wave amplitude, wave duration and smaller slope of the river bank, while maximum exchange flux decreased with wave duration. When a homogeneous clogging layer covered the entire river–aquifer interface, hydraulic conductivity positively affected bank storage. The presence of a clogging layer with hydraulic conductivity < 0.001 m d−1 significantly reduced the exchange flows and virtually eliminated bank storage. The bank storage return/fill time ratio was positively related to wave amplitude and the hydraulic conductivity of the interface and negatively to wave duration and bank slope. Discharge oscillations with short duration and small amplitude decreased bank storage and, therefore, the hyporheic exchange, which has implications for solute fluxes, redox conditions and the spawning potential of riverbeds. Based on these results, river regulation strategies can be improved by considering the effect of certain wave event configurations on hyporheic exchange to ensure harmonious hydrogeochemical functioning of the river–aquifer interfaces and related ecosystems.
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Santos, P. P., A. O. Tavares, and A. I. A. S. S. Andrade. "Comparing historical-hydrogeomorphological reconstitution and hydrological-hydraulic modelling in the estimation of flood-prone areas – a case study in Central Portugal." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 14, 2011): 1669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-11-1669-2011.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. The Arunca River basin in Central Portugal has a historical record of hazardous events related to floods, causing widespread disturbance. This article describes the application of two approaches based on well-known methods for the estimation of flood-prone areas: (i) historical-hydrogeomorphological reconstitution, applied to the entire Arunca River basin, and (ii) hydrological-hydraulic modelling, applied to four sections selected from different (upper, middle and lower) sectors of the basin and including urban and rural areas along the Arunca River. The mapping of the flood-prone areas obtained by these two methods was compared in order to identify the main differences and similarities. Human interventions (river channel and floodplain morphological changes) were found to be the main factor explaining the differences and similarities between the results obtained by both methods. The application of hydrological-hydraulic modelling proved important in reinforcing the results of the historical-hydrogeomorphological method; it also helped in complementing the results produced by the latter method in urban areas and in areas with insufficient historical records. The application of the historical-hydrogeomorphological method, in turn, allowed for the size of the flood-prone areas to be determined where the primary data (e.g. geometry, roughness and flow) was not accurate enough for hydrological-hydraulic modelling. The methodological approach adopted demonstrates the strong complementary relationship between the different existing methods for estimating flood-prone areas, and may be reproduced for other drainage basins.
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Liu, Zhanyan, Hongbin Zhang, and Qiuhua Liang. "A coupled hydrological and hydrodynamic model for flood simulation." Hydrology Research 50, no. 2 (December 13, 2018): 589–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2018.090.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract This paper presents a new flood modelling tool developed by coupling a full 2D hydrodynamic model with hydrological models. The coupled model overcomes the main limitations of the individual modelling approaches, i.e. high computational costs associated with the hydrodynamic models and less detailed representation of the underlying physical processes related to the hydrological models. When conducting a simulation using the coupled model, the computational domain (e.g. a catchment) is first divided into hydraulic and hydrological zones. In the hydrological zones that have high ground elevations and relatively homogeneous land cover or topographic features, a conceptual lumped model is applied to obtain runoff/net rainfall, which is then routed by a group of pre-acquired ‘unit hydrographs’ to the zone borders. These translated hydrographs will then be used to drive the full 2D hydrodynamic model to predict flood dynamics at high resolution in the hydraulic zones that are featured with complex topographic settings, including roads, buildings, etc. The new coupled flood model is applied to reproduce a major flood event that occurred in Morpeth, northeast England in September 2008. While producing similar results, the new coupled model is shown to be computationally much more efficient than the full hydrodynamic model.
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Kaykhosravi, Sahereh, Usman Khan, and Amaneh Jadidi. "A Comprehensive Review of Low Impact Development Models for Research, Conceptual, Preliminary and Detailed Design Applications." Water 10, no. 11 (October 29, 2018): 1541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111541.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This review compares and evaluates eleven Low Impact Development (LID) models on the basis of: (i) general model features including the model application, the temporal resolution, the spatial data visualization, the method of placing LID within catchments; (ii) hydrological modelling aspects including: the type of inbuilt LIDs, water balance model, runoff generation and infiltration; and (iii) hydraulic modelling methods with a focus on the flow routing method. Results show that despite the recent updates of existing LID models, several important features are still missing and need improvement. These features include the ability to model: multi-layer subsurface media, tree canopy and processes associated with vegetation, different spatial scales, snowmelt and runoff calculations. This review provides in-depth insight into existing LID models from a hydrological and hydraulic point of view, which will facilitate in selecting the best-suited model. Recommendations on further studies and LID model development are also presented.
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Monte, Benício, Denis Costa, Mahelvson Chaves, Louis Magalhães, and Cintia Uvo. "Hydrological and hydraulic modelling applied to the mapping of flood-prone areas." Revista Brasileira de Recursos Hídricos 21, no. 1 (February 25, 2016): 152–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21168/rbrh.v21n1.p152-167.
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Gems, B., S. Achleitner, M. Plörer, F. Schöberl, M. Huttenlau, and M. Aufleger. "Bed-load transport modelling by coupling an empirical routing scheme and a hydrological-1-D-hydrodynamic model – case study application for a large alpine valley." Advances in Geosciences 32 (December 11, 2012): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-32-23-2012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Sediment transport in mountain rivers and torrents is a substantial process within the assessment of flood related hazard potential and vulnerability in alpine catchments. Focusing on fluvial transport processes, river bed erosion and deposition considerably affects the extent of inundation. The present work deals with scenario-specific bed-load transport modelling in a large alpine valley in the Austrian Alps. A routing scheme founding on empirical equations for the calculation of transport capacities, incipient motion conditions and drag forces is set up and applied to the case study area for two historic flood events. The required hydraulic data result from a distributed hydrological-1-D-hydraulic model. Hydraulics and bed-load transport are simulated sequentially providing a technically well-founded and feasible methodology for the estimation of bed-load transport rates during flood events.
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Bahremand, A. "HESS Opinions: Advocating process modeling and de-emphasizing parameter estimation." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 12, no. 11 (November 27, 2015): 12377–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-12-12377-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Since the origins of hydrology as an engineering discipline, where "black box" modelling approaches were common, it has evolved into a scientific discipline that seeks a more "white box" modelling approach to solving problems such as description and simulation of the rainfall–runoff responses of a watershed. There has been much recent debate regarding the future of the hydrological sciences, and several publications have voiced opinions on this subject. This opinion paper seeks to comment and expand on some recent publications that have advocated an increased focus on process modelling while de-emphasizing the focus on detailed attention to parameter estimation. In particular, it offers a perspective that emphasizes a more hydraulic (more physics and less conceptual) approach to development and implementation of hydrological models.
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Kamp, R. G., and H. H. G. Savenije. "Optimising training data for ANNs with Genetic Algorithms." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 2 (March 9, 2006): 285–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-285-2006.
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Abstract. Artificial Neural Networks have proven to be good modelling tools in hydrology for rainfall-runoff modelling and hydraulic flow modelling. Representative data sets are necessary for the training phase in which the ANN learns the model's input-output relations. Good and representative training data is not always available. In this publication Genetic Algorithms are used to optimise training data sets. The approach is tested with an existing hydrological model in The Netherlands. The optimised training set resulted in significant better training data.
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Stanić, Miloš, Andrijana Todorović, Željko Vasilić, and Jasna Plavšić. "Extreme flood reconstruction by using the 3DNet platform for hydrological modelling." Journal of Hydroinformatics 20, no. 4 (December 22, 2017): 766–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2017.050.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Notwithstanding recent advances in hydrological modelling, flood simulations remain challenging since many processes must be simulated with high computational efficiency. This paper presents a novel geographic information system (GIS)-oriented platform 3DNet and the associated hydrologic model, with focus on the platform and model features that are relevant for flood simulations. The platform enables hydraulic structures to be incorporated in the hydrologic model, as well as water retention. A limiting capacity can be imposed on every river reach enabling estimation of flooding volume. Runoff is simulated within irregularly shaped units that can be aggregated providing spatial flexibility, i.e. model setup can vary from lumped to semi- and fully-distributed. The model contains many parameters with a physical connotation that can be inferred from catchment characteristics, and it enables simulations with minimum data requirements. All algorithms are implemented in C++ warranting fast computations, while the spatial flexibility can provide additional speed-up. The model is used for a reconstruction of a devastating flood in the Kolubara catchment in May 2014. Despite incomplete and uncertain observations, reasonable results across the catchment are obtained with the plausible parameter estimates. The results suggest that enclosure of the presented features in flood simulation tools would improve simulation accuracy and efficiency.
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Gafurov, A., J. Götzinger, and A. Bárdossy. "Hydrological modelling for meso-scale catchments using globally available data." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 4 (August 11, 2006): 2209–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-2209-2006.
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Abstract. This study focuses on modelling water balances for catchments with limited data availability. The objective was to use globally available data for water balance modelling of meso-scale catchments. The study is carried out in two catchments; one having enough data for the performance check of the model and the other with very few data for model validation. Globally available meteorological and geographical data is used for the basic model inputs. Dissaggregation of the global data, both spatially and temporally, was conducted to distribute the available data across the watershed and to attain higher resolution input data for the model. In addition, a glacier module was developed for the regions covered by glaciers. The HBV-IWS model developed at the Institute of Hydraulic Engineering at the University of Stuttgart is applied. The outcomes of the modelling provide noteworthy results for both catchments that can be used in water resources planning and management issues. Moreover, the research presents the potential for modelling water balances using predominantly globally available data and proposes appropriate disaggregation methods for global data usage.
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SAMI, Guellouh, Filali ABDELWAHHAB, Habibi YAHYAOUI, and Fateh ABDELGHANI. "FLOOD HAZARD IN THE CITY OF CHEMORA (ALGERIA)." Analele Universităţii din Oradea, Seria Geografie 31, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30892/auog.311103-835.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Floods become major concerns in most gobe regions due to socio-economic and environmental consequences caused by these phenomena in recent decades. Most Algerian cities are exposed to flood risks and suffered from its consequences. The purpose of this paper is the spatialization of flood hazard in the city of Chemora (Algeria) by hydraulic modelling in a GIS environment whose objective is prevention, which requires a set of hydrological and hydraulic informations in order to achieve a comprehensive and effective management.
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Čubanová, Lea, Andrej Šoltész, and Adam Janík. "Hydrological-hydraulic assessment of proposed flood protection measures." Pollack Periodica 14, no. 3 (December 2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2019.14.3.10.
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Koh, Hock-Lye, Poh-Eng Lim, and Hooi-Ling Lee. "Water Quality Modelling for an Estuary in Johore." Water Quality Research Journal 30, no. 1 (February 1, 1995): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrj.1995.008.
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Abstract A tidal tributary of the Johore River with a palm oil mill located upstream was selected for this study. Hydrographic and hydrological data were collected to study the hydraulic regimes in the tributary due to freshwater flows and tidal forces subject to various meteorological conditions. A simple tidal model was built to represent the hydraulic flows. Water quality parameters including BOD5, DO, pH, ammonia nitrogen, suspended solids and temperature were determined during three tidal phases, namely high water, intermediate water and low water, to assess the existing water quality of the river. The impacts of the discharge of palm oil mill effluent and other likely discharges on the water quality of the river were assessed by means of a computer model, modified from the WASP4 model developed by the U.S. EPA, for contaminant fate and transport in surface water.
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Nurritasari, Fitrie Atviana, Sudibyakto Sudibyakto, and Victor G. Jetten. "OpenLISEM Flash Flood Modelling Application in Logung Sub-Catchment, Central Java." Indonesian Journal of Geography 47, no. 2 (February 18, 2016): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijg.9252.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Juwana Catchment and Logung Sub-catchment in particular has been suffering several major past flood events with significant loss. This study conducted an assessment of flood risk by using OpenLISEM as physical soil and hydrological model to generate the single storm flash flood occurrences. The physical input data were collected from remote sensing image interpretation, field observation and measurement and literature review. There are three return periods chosen as scenarios that represent rainfall intensity in Logung Sub-Catchment. Model validation was done by adjusting initial moisture content and saturated hydraulic conductivity values to equate the calculated total discharge with the measured total discharge in several chosen dates. The results show increases in most of modeled hydrological parameter with respect to increasing of rainfall intensity.
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Prinsen, G. F., and B. P. J. Becker. "APPLICATION OF SOBEK HYDRAULIC SURFACE WATER MODELS IN THE NETHERLANDS HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING INSTRUMENT." Irrigation and Drainage 60 (December 2011): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ird.665.
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Montanari, M., R. Hostache, P. Matgen, G. Schumann, L. Pfister, and L. Hoffmann. "Calibration and sequential updating of a coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model using remote sensing-derived water stages." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 5, no. 6 (November 19, 2008): 3213–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-5-3213-2008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Two of the most relevant components of any flood forecasting system, namely the rainfall-runoff and flood inundation models, increasingly benefit from the availability of spatially distributed Earth Observation data. With the advent of microwave remote sensing instruments and their all weather capabilities, new opportunities have emerged over the past decade for improved hydrologic and hydraulic model calibration and validation. However, the usefulness of remote sensing observations in coupled hydrologic and hydraulic models still requires further investigations. Radar remote sensing observations are readily available to provide information on flood extent. Moreover, the fusion of radar imagery and high precision digital elevation models allows estimating distributed water levels. With a view to further explore the potential offered by SAR images, this paper investigates the usefulness of remote sensing-derived water stages in a modelling sequence where the outputs of hydrologic models (rainfall-runoff models) serve as boundary condition of flood inundation models. The methodology consists in coupling a simplistic 3-parameter conceptual rainfall-runoff model with a 1-D flood inundation model. Remote sensing observations of flooded areas help to identify and subsequently correct apparent volume errors in the modelling chain. The updating of the soil moisture module of the hydrological model is based on the comparison of water levels computed by the coupled hydrologic-hydraulic model with those estimated using remotely sensed flood flood extent. The potential of the proposed methodology is illustrated with data collected during a storm event of the Alzette River (Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg). The study contributes to assessing the value of remote sensing data for evaluating the saturation status of a river basin.
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Karapanos, E., W. Burgess, and N. Lambrakis. "GROUNDWATER FLOW MODELLING OF THE ALLUVIAL AQUIFER IN THE MOURIA AREA, SW GREECE." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 43, no. 4 (January 25, 2017): 1716. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.11357.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of this paper is to study the impact of a reflooding of the former Mouria Lake on the hydraulic state of the Pyrgos area. The hydrogeological data acquired through field work were combined with the volumetric budget and the hydrological data from the entire Alfios River catchment in order to build the conceptual and numerical model of the groundwater flow system, which confirmed the hydraulic state before the drainage of the Mouria Lake. The model was also used to predict the future hydraulic state in case stresses change. For this purpose, Flowpath II, a numerical groundwater flow model, was used to evaluate the impacts of groundwater exploitation in the alluvium unconfined aquifer that is developing in the Holocene deposits. Due to the connection of the aquifer with the surface drainage canals near the coastal zone, the conceptual model was built upon irrigation data, rainfall data, and pumping rate data from the pumping stations that drain the area of the former Mouria Lake. These data were inserted in the model which was calibrated using a 24- month set of piezometric measurements. The simulation results show that the groundwater level before the drainage of the lake was 2m higher than the present situation and the same scenario will happen in case of reflooding the drained lake. Today, the pumping stations keep the groundwater level near the sea level throughout the hydrological year.
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Das, Apurba, and Karl-Erich Lindenschmidt. "Modelling climatic impacts on ice-jam floods: a review of current models, modelling capabilities, challenges, and future prospects." Environmental Reviews 29, no. 3 (September 2021): 378–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/er-2020-0108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
River ice is an important hydraulic and hydrological component of many rivers in the high northern latitudes of the world. It controls the hydraulic characteristics of streamflow, affects the geomorphology of channels, and can cause flooding due to ice-jam formation during ice-cover freeze-up and breakup periods. In recent decades, climate change has considerably altered ice regimes, affecting the severity of ice-jam flooding. Although many approaches have been developed to model river ice regimes and the severity of ice-jam flooding, appropriate methods that account for the impacts of future climate on ice-jam flooding have not been well established. Therefore, the main goals of this study are to review current knowledge regarding climate change impacts on river ice processes and to assess current modelling capabilities to determine the severity of ice jams under future climatic conditions. Finally, a conceptual river ice-jam modelling approach is presented for incorporating climate change impacts on ice jams.
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Bancheri, Marialaura, Riccardo Rigon, and Salvatore Manfreda. "The GEOframe-NewAge Modelling System Applied in a Data Scarce Environment." Water 12, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010086.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this work, the semi-distributed hydrological modeling system GEOframe-NewAge was integrated with a web-based decision support system implemented for the Civil Protection Agency of the Basilicata region, Italy. The aim of this research was to forecast in near real-time the most important hydrological variables at 160 control points distributed over the entire region. The major challenge was to make the system operational in a data-scarce region characterized by a high hydraulic complexity, with several dams and infrastructures. In fact, only six streamflow gauges were available for the calibration of the model parameters. Reliable parameter sets were obtained by simulating the hydrological budget and then calibrating the rainfall-runoff parameters. After the extraction of the flow-rating curves, six sets of parameters were obtained considering the different streamflow components (i.e., the baseflow and surface runoff) and using a multi-site calibration approach. The results show a good agreement between the measured and modeled discharges, with a better agreement in the sections located upstream of the dams. Moreover, the results were validated using the inflows measured at the most important dams (Pertusillo, San Giuliano and Monte Cotugno). For rivers without monitoring points, parameters were assigned using a principle of hydrological similarity in terms of their geology, lithology, and climate.
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Neugirg, F., A. Kaiser, M. Schindewolf, M. Becht, J. Schmidt, and F. Haas. "Monitoring and modeling slope dynamics in an Alpine watershed – a combined approach of soil science, remote sensing and geomorphology." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 371 (June 12, 2015): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-371-181-2015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Steep and unvegetated slopes in mountainous areas play an important role in erosion research as they deliver large quantities of sediments to the lowlands. However, their complex hydrological process combinations are challenging for any modelling and forecasting intention. Due to its high morphodynamic activity the Lainbach valley in southern Bavaria, Germany, has repeatedly been subject to studies on erosional processes. We present a further developed approach of physically based erosion modelling on strongly inclined and heavily dissected slopes. Model parameters were spatially and temporally distributed and a statistical model was tested to compare both findings to a previous study in the same catchment on a different slope. High resolution surface models from laser scans served as validation for the modelling results and for monitoring soil loss. Especially an adjustment of hydraulic roughness values improved the results, whereas rill hydraulics demand further investigation for future model development. The study at hand focusses on the summer period and reveals adequate modelling results (98.4% agreement in volume loss) with regard to the slope's non-stationary behaviour but leaves room for improvement for the winter period.
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Sanz-Ramos, Marcos, Ernest Bladé, Fabián González-Escalona, Gonzalo Olivares, and José Luis Aragón-Hernández. "Interpreting the Manning Roughness Coefficient in Overland Flow Simulations with Coupled Hydrological-Hydraulic Distributed Models." Water 13, no. 23 (December 3, 2021): 3433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13233433.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There is still little experience on the effect of the Manning roughness coefficient in coupled hydrological-hydraulic distributed models based on the solution of the Shallow Water Equations (SWE), where the Manning coefficient affects not only channel flow on the basin hydrographic network but also rainfall-runoff processes on the hillslopes. In this kind of model, roughness takes the role of the concentration time in classic conceptual or aggregated modelling methods, as is the case of the unit hydrograph method. Three different approaches were used to adjust the Manning roughness coefficient in order to fit the results with other methodologies or field observations—by comparing the resulting time of concentration with classic formulas, by comparing the runoff hydrographs obtained with aggregated models, and by comparing the runoff water volumes with observations. A wide dispersion of the roughness coefficients was observed to be generally much higher than the common values used in open channel flow hydraulics.
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Vezzoli, R., M. Del Longo, P. Mercogliano, M. Montesarchio, S. Pecora, F. Tonelli, and A. L. Zollo. "Hydrological simulations driven by RCM climate scenarios at basin scale in the Po River, Italy." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 364 (September 16, 2014): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-364-128-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. River discharges are the main expression of the hydrological cycle and are the results of climate natural variability. The signal of climate changes occurrence raises the question of how it will impact on river flows and on their extreme manifestations: floods and droughts. This question can be addressed through numerical simulations spanning from the past (1971) to future (2100) under different climate change scenarios. This work addresses the capability of a modelling chain to reproduce the observed discharge of the Po River over the period 1971–2000. The modelling chain includes climate and hydrological/hydraulic models and its performance is evaluated through indices based on the flow duration curve. The climate datasets used for the 1971–2000 period are (a) a high resolution observed climate dataset, and COSMO-CLM regional climate model outputs with (b) perfect boundary condition, ERA40 Reanalysis, and (c) suboptimal boundary conditions provided by the global climate model CMCC–CM. The aim of the different simulations is to evaluate how the uncertainties introduced by the choice of the regional and/or global climate models propagate in the simulated discharges. This point is relevant to interpret the results of the simulated discharges when scenarios for the future are considered. The hydrological/hydraulic components are simulated through a physically-based distributed model (TOPKAPI) and a water balance model at the basin scale (RIBASIM). The aim of these first simulations is to quantify the uncertainties introduced by each component of the modelling chain and their propagation. Estimation of the overall uncertainty is relevant to correctly understand the future river flow regimes. The results show how bias correction algorithms can help in reducing the overall uncertainty associated to the different stages of the modelling chain.
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Nasr, A., A. Taskinen, and M. Bruen. "Developing an independent, generic, phosphorus modelling component for use with grid-oriented, physically based distributed catchment models." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 3-4 (February 1, 2005): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0584.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Grid-oriented, physically based catchment models calculate fields of various hydrological variables relevant to phosphorus detachment and transport. These include (i) for surface transport: overland flow depth and flow in the coordinate directions, sediment load, and sediment concentration and (ii) for subsurface transport: soil moisture and hydraulic head at various depths in the soil. These variables can be considered as decoupled from any chemical phosphorus model since phosphorus concentrations, either as dissolved or particulate, do not influence the model calculations of the hydrological fields. Thus the phosphorus concentration calculations can be carried out independently from and after the hydrological calculations. This makes it possible to produce a separate phosphorus modelling component which takes as input the hydrological fields produced by the catchment model and which calculates, at each simulation time step, the phosphorus concentrations in the flows. This paper summarises the equations and structure of such a Grid Oriented Phosphorus Component (GOPC) developed by the authors for simulating phosphorus concentrations and loads using the outputs of a fully distributed physical based hydrological model. The GOPC performance is illustrated by an example of a simplified hypothetical catchment subjected to some ideal conditions.
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Kawagoe, S., S. Kazama, and P. R. Sarukkalige. "Probabilistic modelling of rainfall induced landslide hazard assessment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 7, no. 1 (January 29, 2010): 725–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-7-725-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. To evaluate the frequency and distribution of landslides hazards over Japan, this study uses a probabilistic model based on multiple logistic regression analysis. Study particular concerns several important physical parameters such as hydraulic parameters, geographical parameters and the geological parameters which are considered to be influential in the occurrence of landslides. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that hydrological parameter (hydraulic gradient) is the most influential factor in the occurrence of landslides. Therefore, the hydraulic gradient is used as the main hydraulic parameter; dynamic factor which includes the effect of heavy rainfall and their return period. Using the constructed spatial data-sets, a multiple logistic regression model is applied and landslide susceptibility maps are produced showing the spatial-temporal distribution of landslide hazard susceptibility over Japan. To represent the susceptibility in different temporal scales, extreme precipitation in 5 years, 30 years, and 100 years return periods are used for the evaluation. The results show that the highest landslide hazard susceptibility exists in the mountain ranges on the western side of Japan (Japan Sea side), including the Hida and Kiso, Iide and the Asahi mountainous range, the south side of Chugoku mountainous range, the south side of Kyusu mountainous and the Dewa mountainous range and the Hokuriku region. The developed landslide hazard susceptibility maps in this study will assist authorities, policy makers and decision makers, who are responsible for infrastructural planning and development, as they can identify landslide-susceptible areas and thus decrease landslide damage through proper preparation.
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Kawagoe, S., S. Kazama, and P. R. Sarukkalige. "Probabilistic modelling of rainfall induced landslide hazard assessment." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 25, 2010): 1047–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-1047-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. To evaluate the frequency and distribution of landslides hazards over Japan, this study uses a probabilistic model based on multiple logistic regression analysis. Study particular concerns several important physical parameters such as hydraulic parameters, geographical parameters and the geological parameters which are considered to be influential in the occurrence of landslides. Sensitivity analysis confirmed that hydrological parameter (hydraulic gradient) is the most influential factor in the occurrence of landslides. Therefore, the hydraulic gradient is used as the main hydraulic parameter; dynamic factor which includes the effect of heavy rainfall and their return period. Using the constructed spatial data-sets, a multiple logistic regression model is applied and landslide hazard probability maps are produced showing the spatial-temporal distribution of landslide hazard probability over Japan. To represent the landslide hazard in different temporal scales, extreme precipitation in 5 years, 30 years, and 100 years return periods are used for the evaluation. The results show that the highest landslide hazard probability exists in the mountain ranges on the western side of Japan (Japan Sea side), including the Hida and Kiso, Iide and the Asahi mountainous range, the south side of Chugoku mountainous range, the south side of Kyusu mountainous and the Dewa mountainous range and the Hokuriku region. The developed landslide hazard probability maps in this study will assist authorities, policy makers and decision makers, who are responsible for infrastructural planning and development, as they can identify landslide-susceptible areas and thus decrease landslide damage through proper preparation.
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Anselmo, V., G. Galeati, S. Palmieri, U. Rossi, and E. Todini. "Flood risk assessment using an integrated hydrological and hydraulic modelling approach: a case study." Journal of Hydrology 175, no. 1-4 (February 1996): 533–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-1694(96)80023-0.
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Ferket, B., M. Van De Broek, T. Van Hoestenberghe, J. Degerickx, R. De Sutter, G. Govers, N. Dezillie, and P. Deproost. "Erosion modelling towards, and sediment transport modelling in unnavigable watercourses in Flanders, Belgium." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 367 (March 3, 2015): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-367-349-2015.
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Abstract. Antea Group and KULeuven were awarded a project in Flanders to identify the regions exporting high sediment loads to unnavigable watercourses and the sedimentation zones within them. Two types of models are applied: hydrological sediment export models (SEM) and hydraulic sediment transport models (STM). The influence of erosion control measures on sediment export as well as river engineering measures needs to be taken into account. A concept will be developed to connect the SEM and STM, enabling the sediment to be routed from upstream to the sedimentation zones. Results of the study will be used by the Flemish government to plan erosion control measures, estimate future sedimentation volumes, steer sedimentation and optimize river engineering and dredging works. Finally, model results could also be used to obtain better insights to the re-suspension risks of contaminated sediment in watercourses.
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Verrot, Lucile, Josie Geris, Lei Gao, Xinhua Peng, Joseph Oyesiku-Blakemore, Jo U. Smith, Mark E. Hodson, Ganlin Zhang, and Paul D. Hallett. "A Simple Modelling Framework for Shallow Subsurface Water Storage and Flow." Water 11, no. 8 (August 19, 2019): 1725. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11081725.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Water storage and flow in shallow subsurface drives runoff generation, vegetation water use and nutrient cycling. Modelling these processes under non-steady state conditions is challenging, particularly in regions like the subtropics that experience extreme wet and dry periods. At the catchment-scale, physically-based equations (e.g., Richards equation) are impractical due to their complexity, while conceptual models typically rely on steady state assumptions not found in daily hydrological dynamics. We addressed this by developing a simple modelling framework for shallow subsurface water dynamics based on physical relationships and a proxy parameter for the fluxes induced by non-unit hydraulic gradients. We demonstrate its applicability for six generic soil textures and for an Acrisol in subtropical China. Results showed that our new approach represents top soil daily fluxes and storage better than, and as fast as, standard conceptual approaches. Moreover, it was less complex and up to two orders of magnitude faster than simulating Richards equation, making it easy to include in existing hydrological models.
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Domingo, N. D. Sto, A. Refsgaard, O. Mark, and B. Paludan. "Flood analysis in mixed-urban areas reflecting interactions with the complete water cycle through coupled hydrologic-hydraulic modelling." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 6 (September 1, 2010): 1386–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.365.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The potential devastating effects of urban flooding have given high importance to thorough understanding and management of water movement within catchments, and computer modelling tools have found widespread use for this purpose. The state-of-the-art in urban flood modelling is the use of a coupled 1D pipe and 2D overland flow model to simultaneously represent pipe and surface flows. This method has been found to be accurate for highly paved areas, but inappropriate when land hydrology is important. The objectives of this study are to introduce a new urban flood modelling procedure that is able to reflect system interactions with hydrology, verify that the new procedure operates well, and underline the importance of considering the complete water cycle in urban flood analysis. A physically-based and distributed hydrological model was linked to a drainage network model for urban flood analysis, and the essential components and concepts used were described in this study. The procedure was then applied to a catchment previously modelled with the traditional 1D-2D procedure to determine if the new method performs similarly well. Then, results from applying the new method in a mixed-urban area were analyzed to determine how important hydrologic contributions are to flooding in the area.
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Tanaka, Tomohiro, Hidekazu Yoshioka, Sokly Siev, Hideto Fujii, Yoichi Fujihara, Keisuke Hoshikawa, Sarann Ly, and Chihiro Yoshimura. "An Integrated Hydrological-Hydraulic Model for Simulating Surface Water Flows of a Shallow Lake Surrounded by Large Floodplains." Water 10, no. 9 (September 7, 2018): 1213. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10091213.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
An integrated hydrological-hydraulic model employing the 2-D local inertial equation as the core is established for effective numerical simulation of surface water flows in a great lake and its floodplain. The model is a cascade of validated hydrological and hydraulic sub-models. The model was applied to simulating the surface water flows of the Tonle Sap Lake and its floodplain in Cambodia using the roughness coefficient value calibrated comparing with a remote-sensing data set. The resulting model reasonably handles backwater flows during the rainy season and simulates the propagations of wet and dry interfaces without numerical instability, owing to a proper setting of time step supported by a novel numerical stability analysis. Sensitivity analysis of the surface water dynamics focusing on the setting of roughness coefficient and the backwater effect was also carried out. Overall, utilizing the 2-D local inertial equation in the assessment of lake water dynamics is a new modelling approach, which turns out to be an efficient simulation tool.
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van der Keur, P., and B. V. Iversen. "Uncertainty in soil physical data at river basin scale." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 3, no. 4 (July 6, 2006): 1281–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-3-1281-2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. For hydrological modelling studies at the river basin scale, decision makers need guidance in assessing the implications of uncertain data used by modellers as an input to modelling tools. Simulated solute transport through the unsaturated zone is associated with uncertainty due to spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and derived hydraulic model parameters. In general for modelling studies at the river basin scale spatially available data at various scales must be aggregated to an appropriate scale. Estimating soil properties at unsampled points by means of geostatistical techniques require reliable information on the spatial structure of soil data. In this paper this information is assessed by reviewing current developments in the field of soil physical data uncertainty and adopting a classification system. Then spatial variability and structure is inspected by reviewing experimental work on determining spatial length scales for soil physical (and soil chemical) data. Available literature on spatial length scales for soil physical- and chemical properties is reviewed and their use in facilitating change of spatial support discussed. Uncertainty associated to the derivation of hydraulic properties from soil physical properties in this context is also discussed.
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van der Keur, P., and B. V. Iversen. "Uncertainty in soil physical data at river basin scale – a review." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 6 (November 22, 2006): 889–902. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-10-889-2006.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. For hydrological modelling studies at the river basin scale, decision makers need guidance in assessing the implications of uncertain data used by modellers as an input to modelling tools. Simulated solute transport through the unsaturated zone is associated with uncertainty due to spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and derived hydraulic model parameters. In general for modelling studies at the river basin scale spatially available data at various scales must be aggregated to an appropriate scale. Estimating soil properties at unsampled points by means of geostatistical techniques require reliable information on the spatial structure of soil data. In this paper this information is assessed by reviewing current developments in the field of soil physical data uncertainty and adopting a classification system. Then spatial variability and structure is inspected by reviewing experimental work on determining spatial length scales for soil physical (and soil chemical) data. Available literature on spatial length scales for soil physical- and chemical properties is reviewed and their use in facilitating change of spatial support discussed. Uncertainty associated to the derivation of hydraulic properties from soil physical properties in this context is also discussed.
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Khumalo, Nomcebo, Aloyce W. Mayo, and Subira Munishi. "Modelling Of Food Hazard Susceptibility in Komatipoort, South Africa." Tanzania Journal of Engineering and Technology 37, no. 1 (December 31, 2018): 47–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.52339/tjet.v37i1.483.
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Komatipoort, a small town located at the confluence of Komati and Krokodil rivers, is constantly being hit by floods which affect the residents of this small town as well as the farmers settling along the rivers. This study aimed at mapping the flood hazard and susceptibility through the integration of GIS techniques and hydraulic modeling. Due to inconsistency in the length of streamflow data in the different gauging stations, a Hydrological modeling HBV model, was utilized for modelling runoff in order to extend flow records at station X2HO32 for Komati River. Calibration was conducted using observed data from 1982 to 1993, giving an efficiency value of 65% and validation was done using data from 1993 to 1999, giving an efficiency value of 53%. Flood frequencies were analyzed and flood quantiles were determined at different return periods. HEC-RAS was utilized to simulate the hydraulic parameters of Komati and Krokodil rivers to obtain flood hazard maps. GIS-based multi-criteria analysis techniques were incorporated for flood susceptibility mapping. Hydraulic analysis showed that the floods mostly affect the farms and settlements along the rivers and a small part of the central business district is affected. Flood susceptibility mapping showed that the area is generally highly susceptible to flooding because of a combination of anthropogenic and natural factors.
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Baroni, G., A. Facchi, C. Gandolfi, B. Ortuani, D. Horeschi, and J. C. Van Dam. "Uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters and its influence on the performance of two hydrological models of different complexity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 6, no. 3 (June 4, 2009): 4065–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-6-4065-2009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Data of soil hydraulic properties forms often a limiting factor in unsaturated zone modelling, especially at the larger scales. Investigations for the hydraulic characterization of soils are time-consuming and costly, and the accuracy of the results obtained by the different methodologies is still debated. However, we may wonder how the uncertainty in soil hydraulic parameters relates to the uncertainty of the selected modelling approach. We performed an intensive monitoring study during the cropping season of a 10 ha maize field in Northern Italy. These data were used to: i) compare different methods for determining soil hydraulic parameters and ii) evaluate the effect of the uncertainty in these parameters on different outputs (i.e. evapotranspiration, water content in the root zone, fluxes through the bottom boundary of the root zone) of two hydrological models with different complexity: SWAP, a widely used model of soil moisture dynamics in unsaturated soils based on Richards equation, and ALHyMUS, a conceptual model of the same dynamics based on a reservoir cascade scheme. We employed five direct and indirect methods to determine soil hydraulic parameters for each horizon of the experimental field. Two methods were based on a parameter optimization of: a) laboratory measured retention and hydraulic conductivity data and b) field measured retention and hydraulic conductivity data. Three methods were based on the application of widely used Pedo-Transfer Functions: c) Rawls and Brakensiek; d) HYPRES; and e) ROSETTA. Simulations were performed using meteorological, irrigation and crop data measured at the experimental site during the period June–October 2006. Results showed a wide range of soil hydraulic parameter values evaluated with the different methods, especially for the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ksat and the shape parameter α of the Van Genuchten curve. This is reflected in a variability of the modeling results which is, as expected, different for each model. The variability of the simulated water content in the root zone and of the fluxes at the root zone bottom for different soil hydraulic parameter sets is found to be often larger than the difference between modeling results of the two models using the same soil hydraulic parameter set. Also we found that a good agreement in simulated soil moisture patterns may occur even if evapotranspiration and percolation fluxes are significantly different. Therefore multiple output variables should be considered to test the performances of methods and models.
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Baroni, G., A. Facchi, C. Gandolfi, B. Ortuani, D. Horeschi, and J. C. van Dam. "Uncertainty in the determination of soil hydraulic parameters and its influence on the performance of two hydrological models of different complexity." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 2 (February 9, 2010): 251–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-14-251-2010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Data of soil hydraulic properties forms often a limiting factor in unsaturated zone modelling, especially at the larger scales. Investigations for the hydraulic characterization of soils are time-consuming and costly, and the accuracy of the results obtained by the different methodologies is still debated. However, we may wonder how the uncertainty in soil hydraulic parameters relates to the uncertainty of the selected modelling approach. We performed an intensive monitoring study during the cropping season of a 10 ha maize field in Northern Italy. The data were used to: i) compare different methods for determining soil hydraulic parameters and ii) evaluate the effect of the uncertainty in these parameters on different variables (i.e. evapotranspiration, average water content in the root zone, flux at the bottom boundary of the root zone) simulated by two hydrological models of different complexity: SWAP, a widely used model of soil moisture dynamics in unsaturated soils based on Richards equation, and ALHyMUS, a conceptual model of the same dynamics based on a reservoir cascade scheme. We employed five direct and indirect methods to determine soil hydraulic parameters for each horizon of the experimental profile. Two methods were based on a parameter optimization of: a) laboratory measured retention and hydraulic conductivity data and b) field measured retention and hydraulic conductivity data. The remaining three methods were based on the application of widely used Pedo-Transfer Functions: c) Rawls and Brakensiek, d) HYPRES, and e) ROSETTA. Simulations were performed using meteorological, irrigation and crop data measured at the experimental site during the period June – October 2006. Results showed a wide range of soil hydraulic parameter values generated with the different methods, especially for the saturated hydraulic conductivity Ksat and the shape parameter α of the van Genuchten curve. This is reflected in a variability of the modeling results which is, as expected, different for each model and each variable analysed. The variability of the simulated water content in the root zone and of the bottom flux for different soil hydraulic parameter sets is found to be often larger than the difference between modeling results of the two models using the same soil hydraulic parameter set. Also we found that a good agreement in simulated soil moisture patterns may occur even if evapotranspiration and percolation fluxes are significantly different. Therefore multiple output variables should be considered to test the performances of methods and models.
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Radinja, Matej, Ines Vidmar, Nataša Atanasova, Matjaž Mikoš, and Mojca Šraj. "Determination of Spatial and Temporal Variability of Soil Hydraulic Conductivity for Urban Runoff Modelling." Water 11, no. 5 (May 5, 2019): 941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11050941.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Soil hydraulic conductivity has a direct influence on infiltration rate, which is of great importance for modelling and design of surface runoff and stormwater control measures. In this study, three measuring techniques for determination of soil hydraulic conductivity were compared in an urban catchment in Ljubljana, Slovenia. Double ring (DRI) and dual head infiltrometer (DHI) were applied to measure saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and mini disk infiltrometer (MDI) was applied to measure unsaturated hydraulic conductivity (K), which was recalculated in Ks in order to compare the results. Results showed significant differences between investigated techniques, namely DHI showed 6.8 times higher values of Ks in comparison to DRI. On the other hand, Ks values obtained by MDI and DRI exhibited the lowest difference. MDI measurements in 12 locations of the small plot pointed to the spatial variability of K ranging between 73%–89% as well as to temporal variability within a single location of 27%–99%. Additionally, a reduction of K caused by the effect of drought-induced water repellency was observed. Moreover, results indicate that hydrological models could be enhanced using different scenarios by employing a range of K values based on soil conditions.
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Ismail, Habibu, M. K. Rowshon, N.J. Shanono, N.M. Nasidi, and Umar D.A. "HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING FOR EVALUATING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON STREAMFLOW REGIME IN THE BERNAM RIVER BASIN MALAYSIA." FUDMA JOURNAL OF SCIENCES 5, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33003/fjs-2021-0503-707.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The complexity of hydrological models has been a setback in their evaluation particularly for long-term simulations. Deficit and constant loss (DCL) method has been introduced in Hydrologic Engineering Center's Hydraulic Modeling System (HEC-HMS) model for continuous based simulations. However, studies on climate change impacts using the method are still very few. This study used the method to evaluate potential impacts of climate change on streamflow at Bernam Basin, Malaysia for 2010-2039, 2040-2069 and 2070-2099 to the baseline period (1976-2005) under two RCP scenarios (RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). The model efficiency during evaluation is found satisfactory. Compared with the baseline period, the predicted streamflow decreased in all future periods during main and off-seasons. However, the changes have become more pronounced during the off-season with a significant decrease of 9.14% under the worst-case scenario (RCP8.5). Therefore, the Basin would likely experience tremendous pressure in the late century due to low streamflow, particularly in off-season months.
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Hostache, R., C. Hissler, P. Matgen, C. Guignard, and P. Bates. "A 2-D hydro-morphodynamic modelling approach for predicting suspended sediment propagation and related heavy metal contamination in floodplain: a sensitivity analysis." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 11, no. 2 (February 10, 2014): 1741–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-11-1741-2014.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Fine sediments represent an important vector of pollutant diffusion in rivers. When deposited in floodplains and riverbeds they can be responsible for soil pollution. In this context, this paper proposes a hydro-morphodynamic modelling exercise aiming at predicting transport and diffusion of fine sediments and dissolved pollutants. The model is based upon the Telemac hydro-informatic system (dynamical coupling Telemac-2D-Sysiphe). As empirical and semi-empirical parameters need to be calibrated for such a modelling exercise, a sensitivity analysis is proposed. In parallel to the modelling exercise, an extensive hydrological/geochemical database has been set up during two flood events. The main sensitive parameters were found to be the hydraulic friction coefficient and the sediment particle settling velocity in water. Using the two monitored hydrological events as calibration and validation, it was found that the model is able to satisfyingly predict suspended sediment and dissolve pollutant transport in the river channel. In addition, a qualitative comparison between simulated sediment deposition in the floodplain and a soil contamination map shows that the preferential zones for deposition identified by the model are realistic.