Дисертації з теми "Hybrides de type talc"
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Bruneau, Marion. "Elaboration de matériaux composites hybrides pour l'encapsulation de molécules d'intérêt relargables sous différents stimuli." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MULH3696.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the development of materials allowing the controlled release of molecules of interest. In the first part of this project, syntheses of organic-inorganic hybrids having a talc type structure were carried out with different silica sources, which induces variable crystallinity and polycondensation of silicic species. These hybrids were then characterized. The folic acid (molecule of interest) once added to the synthesis medium was encapsulated into the hybrid. The incorporation of folic acid does not induce significant changes in the structure of the hybrids formed. The different characterization techniques have shown that the folic acid is not very mobile in the structure and is therefore well encapsulated in the interlayer space of the hybrids. The hybrids showed a fast releasing kinetics, both in water or in a model soil. Hybrids prepared from N2TMS (N- [3-(trimethoxysilyl))propyl]ethylenediamine) showed the fastest release, while those synthesized with C16TMS (Hexadecyltrimethoxysilane) exhibited the slowest releasing kinetics due to the highly hydrophobic nature of the organic chain of the hybrid. The second part of the thesis was focused on finding and testing materials potentially active in the photo-controlled release of active molecules. The hybrid materials synthesized from NBATES (3-(triethoxysilylpropyl)-4- nitrobenzamide) have shown promising results: under UV irradiation at 254 nm, the quantity released of a model molecule was indeed two times higher than that measured in the absence of light. For the hybrids synthesized from MCTES (O-4-methylcoumarinyl-N-[3- (triethoxysilyl)propyl]carbamate), the best results was obtained under UV irradiation at 365 nm. The photosensitive functional groups present in the talc type hybrids made possible to obtain photosensitive composites. These promising results are the base for further developments in agricultural applications
Gallego, Jean-Christophe. "Elaboration d'hybrides organiques-inorganiques de structure de type phyllosilicate 2:1 et leurs applications." Mulhouse, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008MULH2999.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis describes the synthesis and study of organic-inorganic talc like hybrid. The synthesis is inspired frome the work of Fukushima & Tani in 1995. This synthesis is particularly attractive because of soft conditions. Thus this work describes the search for optimum conditions of synthesis on the example N- phenylaminomethyl - TLH. Subsequently, we describe the synthesis of a wide range of organic-inorganic talc like hybrid. Many characterization techniques are then used to precisely describe the structure of these materials. The last chapter illustrates the application as a reinforcement of these hybrid materials
Cherfi, Nawal. "Méthodes de résolution hybrides pour les problème de type knapsack." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00401980.
Повний текст джерелаCherfi, Nawal. "Méthodes de résolution hybrides pour les problèmes de type knapsack." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010056.
Повний текст джерелаBonnet, Sylvie. "Synthese et caracterisation de materiaux hybrides de type hdl-porphyrine." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997CLF21892.
Повний текст джерелаMénard, Mathilde. "Synthèse de nanoparticules hybrides de type coeur-coquille à visées théranostiques." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAE050/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this PhD work was to synthesize and test new nano-objects for the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. For this purpose, we developed hybrid nanoparticles made of an inorganic core surrounded by a human serum albumin (HSA) organic coating. The inorganic core is a composite by itself as it is made of an iron oxide core (IO) surrounded by a mesoporous silica (MS) shell. The IO core ensures, through its magnetic properties, diagnosis by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and therapy by magnetic hyperthermia, whereas the MS shell allows the loading of anticancer drugs for chemotherapy within its porosities. The pore sizes of the silica shell were modulated to enhance the drug loading content and the IO core size was also tuned to improve magnetic hyperthermia as well as T2 MRI imaging properties of the final core-shell system. The use of a thick shell of HSA as gatekeeper for controlled drug delivery triggered by its degradation with proteases was also studied. In parallel the synthesis of drug loaded HSA nanocapsules using MS as sacrificial template was performed. Finally, the biological activities of these nanoparticles were tested on various cancer cell lines
El, Khoukhi Fatima. "Métaheuristiques hybrides pour la résolution de problèmes d'ordonnancement de type Job Shop." Le Havre, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LEHA0023.
Повний текст джерелаIn most real shop floor, improving the coordination and the planning of the production with respect to the logistic activities, namely resources : machines and material handling equipments, became a great necessity for the lowering of costs and reducing of lead-times delivery. The present thesis is split into four parts. The first one is a survey of the scheduling problems ; the emphasis is on the Job Shop environments. In the second part, we provide a more detailed study of these environments : problematic, state of the art, modelling and methods of resolution. As part of the internal logistics of the production facilities in Job Shop Scheduling Problem, the third part is devoted to showing two problems, the Job Shop Scheduling Problem with transportationfor just-in-time production as well as the flexible Job Shop Scheduling problem with machines availability constraints. Finally, the last part addresses the aircraft landing problem that we formulated as a Job Shop problem. In the various study cases previously cited, our work revolves around a systematic study based on three fundamental processes, a mathematical and/or graphical formulations, and then an approach for resolution optimization based on hybrid metaheuristics, finally a validation of the results by numerical simulations. The objective is to develop dynamic scheduling systems to resolve these NP-hard problems
Rinsant, Damien. "Elaboration de matériaux hybrides fonctionnalisés de type MOFs pour l’extraction sélective de l’uranium." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS062.
Повний текст джерелаThe increase of world energy production involves the research and development of new more efficient and ecofriendly processes for uranium ores valorization. Therefore, the development of new materials for an efficient solid-liquid extraction of U is necessary. In this thesis, the synthesis of materials named Metal Organic Framework (MOF) and their use to the uranium extraction from ores are studied. MOFs are hybrid and crystalline materials showing high performances for uranium extractions in weak acid solutions.In order to answer to this objective, the stability of two type of MOFs has been studied at different contact time in acidic solution simulating the ore leachate. Afterwards, zirconium based MOFs functionalized with two different organic functions have been synthesized and characterized with PXRD, BET, TGA, SEM, FT-IR and NMR. The uranium extraction behavior with three functionalized MOFs has been studied in function of the contact time, uranium concentration, sulfate concentration and pH. The uranium extraction values coupled with spectroscopic analysis of uranium loaded materials afford the understanding of uranium extraction mechanisms for both materials.Keywords: MOFs, organic synthesis, solid-liquid separation, uranium
Alvarez, Elsa. "Traitement de l'air habitacle par des matériaux hybrides de type Metal-Organic Frameworks." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV006/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe indoor air pollution awareness of general public and the increasing demands of regulations / recommendations, combined with a need to stand out from the competition, make limiting the concentration of VOCs (VOCs : volatile organic compounds ) in the air cockpit crucial for the automotive industry. For example, inside a vehicle, the VOCs are originated from the outside air by combustion and evaporation of fuel. However, unlike other pollutants, it may also have an inner origin from the desorption of existing chemical substances used in the manufacture of the vehicle. Thus, the capture of VOCs by adsorption is one of the challenging techniques today. In this context, activated carbon and zeolite based VOC abatement are effective and least expensive but suffers some limitations in stability, selectivity and regeneration. The aim of this thesis was to study an alternative class of 'hybrid' adsorbents i.e. Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs). These porous crystalline materials are built by the association of inorganic bricks connected by organic ligands. They have highly tunable structural diversity,chemical composition (metal:ligand) and porosity (pore size, surface area and pore volume). Moreover, they possess almost infinite ability to vary both the metal center and the organic ligand that is not found at this level in zeolites and activated carbons. The work was to evaluate the performance of a series of ten MOFs, having diverse architecture (size and shape of the pores, rigid or flexible networks ...), chemical properties (acidity, redox, hydrophilic / hydrophobic, ...) and stability (water temperature). In addition to the usual characterization (X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, infrared spectroscopy, porosimetry N2 at 77K), Infra-Red spectroscopy operando was performed to simulate the behavior of these MOFs in the presence of VOCs in conditions as close as possible to the reality. Furthermore, the most promising adsorbents were scaled up (50-100 g) and formatted/fabricated as pellets and tested for environmental simulation chamber
Joncoux-Chabrol, Karine. "Synthèse et fonctionnalisation de phyllosilicates de type talc : applications à des revêtements sol-gel pour la protection contre la corrosion." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1205/.
Повний текст джерелаSol-gel coatings for corrosion protection of metals are a good alternative to replace toxic chromate treatments. The present work was focused on the incorporation of inorganic fillers functionalized with organic corrosion inhibitors in a sol-gel coating. Talc-like phyllosilicates were selected as inorganic fillers. Talc lamellar structure was evidenced but, in contrast with natural talc, the large specific surface allows talc-like phyllosilicates to be easily functionalized by covalent grafting of corrosion inhibitors. Small size (about 300 nm) and hydrophilicity of the particles are also important parameters because they improve the talc-like phyllosilicates dispersion in sol-gel coatings. Grafted and non-grafted materials incorporation in coatings deposited on a XC35 carbon steel permitted to reinforce barrier properties and to decrease metal corrosion. On the other hand, it was impossible to conclude about grafted corrosion inhibitors efficiency due to the low adhesion of the coating on the metal substrate
El, Karkraoui Taieb. "Réalisation d'antennes hybrides de type BIE à base de résonateurs diélectriques à 60 GHz." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27583.
Повний текст джерелаA reliable communication system in confined areas, in particular underground mines, can largely increase safety and production output. Today’s, wireless data rates in confined environments are limited to a maximum of about 1 Gbits/s. The demand for wireless 2 to 10 Gbits/s data rate systems will , however, become a necessity due to the introduction of advanced 4G technologies and the foreseeable implementation of 5G. The potential use of millimeter wave communication systems, such as ISM 60 GHz band, which offers 7 GHz of bandwidth, is one of the most direct and easiest ways to achieve such high data rate of 2–10 Gbits/s. It is well known that 60 GHz signals propagate erratically through in environments with many obstructions, since both the reflected and diffracted waves are significantly attenuated. The polarization of the transmitting and receiving antennas is one of the important parameter to take into account, along with additional losses due to oxygen absorption and propagation path loss in assessing received signal quality. These situations limit the communication achievable distance link and overcoming of these disadvantages requires circular polarization directive antennas with a high gain and broadband capability. This work presents a novel approach to improve the radiation properties of Electromagnetic Band Gap antennas (EBG) using a combination between dielectric resonator and metamaterial superstrate to take advantage of the individual benefits of each of them. The aim is to design, study analytically, numerically and experimentally new performant EBG structures and characterize their potential in terms of bandwidth, gain, efficiency and polarization for an optimum performance around 60 GHz fulfilling the requirements of a mining environment. Initially, an original transmitting 60 GHz antenna with high gain, broadband, circularly polarized Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) antenna is presented. The designed antenna is configured with a superstrate based on a frequency selective surface (FSS) placed in front of a Cross Dielectric Resonator (XDRA), installed into a ground plane, which acts as an excitation source. Then, a new analytical approach is developed to derive the radiation properties of the proposed EBG antenna. To satisfy millimeter wave requirements in terms of gain, another hybrid antenna based on the combination of superstrate structures and array technology has been developed. This new multi-source structure has achieved a gain improvement of 3.5 compared to the monosource antenna. However, the bandwidth of these structures remains incompatible with many applications at 60 GHz. To overcome the problem of the limited bandwidth, a new hybrid approach is introduced. This technique is based, on the excitation of the structure by a multilayer cylindrical dielectric resonator antenna, and then, the concept of metamaterial superstrate is introduced for enhancing the gain-bandwidth product. Finally, to make communication more flexible so that the antennas can be used for transmission and reception simultaneously, a new reconfigurable polarisation EBG antenna is designed. The structure is composed of an exciting pyramidal DRA source covered with FSS superstrate. The device can switch between circular and linear polarization by a simple mechanical rotation of the pyramidal DRA by 45°. The advantage of this structure resides in the fact that it maintain stable bandwidth gain, efficiency and radiation properties when switching between the two configurations of circular and linear polarization.
Cellier, Julien. "Etude et caractérisations de membranes nanocomposites hybrides pour pile à combustible du type PEMFC." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4001/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe proton conductive membrane is an essential part of the operation of PEMFC. This document presents the development of a non-perfluorinated membrane based on a hybrid nanocomposite technology likely to be produced at low cost. This membrane is composed of a poly(VDF-co-HFP) matrix in which are dispersed poly(styrene sulphonic acid) (PSSA) functionalized silica nanoparticles. This work focuses on the study of the implementation of the membrane to obtain a homogeneous and dense membrane with good physicochemical and electrochemical characteristics. Fuel cell performances after running at 60 °C are extremely satisfactory with a gain, compared to Nafion NRE211, of 40% for the power density at 0.7 V. However, the durability studies showed an elution phenomenon of the functionalized silica particles which results in a high voltage decline. Different membrane modification strategies have been proposed to improve the stability of the membrane. The most interesting involve modifying the morphology of the matrix (more rigid grades of PVDF or poly(VDF-co-HFP) crosslinking by radiation) to better confine the particles or grafting functionalized silica to the matrix. This last strategy leads to a threefold decrease of the swelling and 2.5 factor of the decay rate at 80 °C
Mansour, Agapy. "Étude des propriétés chimique et morphologique de composites hybrides de type (co)polymère plasma / métal." Thesis, Le Mans, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LEMA1002.
Повний текст джерелаNanocomposites consisting of finely dispersed metal nanoparticles into insulating matrix are the focus of much attention because of their optical, electrical or antibacterial properties, allowing a variety of technological applications. In this work, we are interested in hybrid composites based on a polymer matrix synthesized by cold plasma polymerization (PECVD), subsequently impregnated with a solution of metal salt which is finally reduced. These nanocomposites are mainly studied for their applications and less focused on their chemical and morphological structure. In this work, our goal is to study the dependence of chemical and morphological properties of such composite materials on the chemical structure of the plasma polymer, the nature of the metal nanoparticles and the chemical functions of the polymer involved with the polymer / metal interactions. The matrix will be both a plasma polymer and a mixture of two plasma polymers. The objective is then to better understand the nanocomposites formation, and to show their interest in different applications particularly in the detection of ammonia gas
Farre, Yoann. "Conception de nouveaux matériaux moléculaires pour l'élaboration de cellules photovoltaïques hybrides de type p à colorant." Thesis, Nantes, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NANT4050/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims at contributing to the development of dye sensitized solar cells (DSSC) that are based on an organic dye and a p-type semi-conductor as photocathode such as NiO. In this context, these studies focus on the synthesis, the theoretical study by DFT calculations, the physicochemical characterizations (absorption and emission spectra, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry) and photovoltaic characterizations of these innovative sensitizers. Structure modulations on a diketopyrrolopyrrole dye (DPP) investigate the influence of an electron-donating group and the crucial role of different electron-withdrawing groups on the lifetime of the charge separation state (NiO+/dye-) and on the photovoltaic performances. Enhancement and broadening of the absorption bands with new sensitizers have enabled to considerably increase the photocurrent density and to reach among the highest values reported in the literature with the best dyes. Synthesis of new organic push-pull dyes and the application of a strategy using two successive electron-withdrawing groups of growing strengths have been realized. This part highlights the necessity to develop new electron-donating and anchoring groups for p-type dye sensitized solar cells. This point issue was investigated in the final chapter of this thesis by the design of new perylene monoimide sensitizers, whose structures only differ by the nature of the anchoring group (CO2H, acac, PO3H2, hydroxyquinoline…). These dyes were investigated in DSSCs with porous cathode made of NiO or CuGaO2. It was shown that the binding group hydroxyquinoline gives higher photovoltaic performances than the classical carboxylic acid group
Froimowicz, Pablo. "Synthèse, caractérisation et étude d'application de matériaux polymériques hybrides dendritique-linéaires, du type "copolymère en blocs"." Grenoble INPG, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005INPG0165.
Повний текст джерелаThis PhD thesis deals with the preparation and the characterisation of novel dendritic-linear copolymers. Thus, two synthesis routes to prepare first- and second- generation amine-terminated dendritique-linear bloc-copolymers. Depending on the reactivity of these copolymers, one of them was modified to form tetra-functional Schiff-base, with photochimically active furanic monomer (-2,5-Fu-HC=CH-FU-2,5-). After careful characterisation, this compound was used as a dendritic (monomère at nano - scale) to prepare megamers calling upon the use of photochemical activation and showed that it crooslinked properly, if one uses pur or lithium salt-doped systems. These megamers could be interseting for photolithography and/or in fabrication of solid state batteries
Permyakova, Anastasia. "Matériaux à base de solides hybrides poreux de type MOFs pour le stockage intersaisonnier d’énergie solaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV031/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays the forceful development of the energy storage technologies requires the design of novel adsorbents. Energy reallocation concept allows storing renewable solar energies at short (hours) and long term (inter seasonal) using adsorption method. Energy storage materials can be divided in chemical storage materials, physical storage materials and composite materials (inorganic salt in porous matrix).Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are a new class of porous crystalline materials that are built from an inorganic subunits and organic ligands defining an ordered structure with regular accessible porosity. In comparison with other classes of porous solids, MOFs display a higher degree of versatility (chemical composition, topology) and tunable amphiphilic character, pore volume, pore size, shape, etc.In this work, we have studied a series of water stable porous metal carboxylates made from cheap metal cations (Fe3+, Al3+, Cr3+, Ti4+, Zr4+) and polycarboxylate linkers as pure physical adsorbents and as host matrices of salts for the design of composite adsorbents. The study of the adsorption properties of pure MOFs in conditions of thermal energy storage system has shown high water adsorption capacity and high energy storage densities.The most promising MOF from this series namely MIL-160(Al) has been prepared at large scale, processed as pellets and then evaluated in open-reactor prototype.The second chapter has been focused on the first exploitation of a series of Metal Organic Framework (MOFs) as host matrices of salts for the preparation of composite sorbents for heat storage application.Indeed, inter seasonal energy storage requires materials with higher energy densities (composite and chemical storage materials), than physical sorption materials can offer. We have selected a series of MOFs differing by their amphiphilic balance and pore volume in order to investigate the impact of such physico-chemical properties on the water sorption properties of composites. The energy storage capacity of salt-MOFs composites has been evaluated in representative conditions of thermal storage devices. The high energy storage capacity and good stability under numerous adsorption-desorption cycles for two composites based on mesoporous MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-101(Cr) confirm the potentiality of such composites for this application
Koussi-Daoud, Sana. "Préparation électrochimique et caractérisation de couches nanostructurées de semi-conducteurs de type p pour cellules photovoltaïques hybrides." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066505/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe objective of this thesis was the electrochemical deposition (ECD) of p-type semiconductors forthe fabrication of p-Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (p-DSSCs). The electrodeposition method remained unexploredfor the p-DSSC applications. The best conditions for ECD of nickel oxide layers with a controlled thickness havebeen defined. Nickel oxide has been deposited in water medium, in ethanol, in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)medium and in a mixture of DMSO/water solvent. The layers have been characterized by XRD, Ramanspectroscopy, SEM, optical measurements… then have been tested as a photocathode in p-DSSCs. The cuprousoxide (Cu2O) electrodeposition in an aqueous bath has also been investigated. The photovoltaic efficiency of thevarious prepared layers has been evaluated in p-DSSCs. We have also prepared inverse opal organized structureswith a perfectly defined macropore organization and size using a macrosphere polystyrene template. Finally, wehave explored the ECD of a copper delafossite CuFeO2 in DMSO medium
El, Hankari Samir. "Silices hybrides nanostructurées par 'Liquid Crystal Templating' de précurseurs ioniques." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MON20016/document.
Повний текст джерелаA series of precursors containing organo-ionic substructures such as imidazolium, guanidinium, ammonium and zwitterionic entities and several neutral precursors containing thiol-amide, thiol-amine and amino groups were successfully synthesized. These precursors were used for the synthesis of nanostructured silica hybrid materials containing ionic substructures via soft templating approaches. The formation of structured materials was achieved using template directed hydrolysis polycondensation procedures in the presence of various structure directing agents. The goal of this study was the determination of the parameters influencing the structuring of the materials. Thus, we prepared a series of nanostructured ionosilicates using a new method of structuring that is based on specific interactions between ‘cationic precursor - anionic surfactant' and ‘anionic precursor - cationic surfactant' ion pairs. This new strategy allowed the synthesis of ionic 'periodic mesoporous organosilicas'. At the end of this thesis, we used a new ‘guanidinium' type template in the preparation of nanostructured i-silica hybrid materials with a spherical morphology. Nanostructured ionosilicates bearing amine, amino-thiol, ammonium and zwitterionic substructures prepared in this work present high specific surface areas and a high accessibility of the organic functional sites. Due to these features, these materials have large potential in the fields of catalysis and separation
Clet-Ortega, Jérôme. "Exploitation efficace des architectures parallèles de type grappes de NUMA à l'aide de modèles hybrides de programmation." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00773007.
Повний текст джерелаSoulé, Samantha. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanomatériaux hybrides de type Au@SiO2 : potentialités dans le domaine de la nanomédecine." Thesis, Pau, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PAUU3033/document.
Повний текст джерелаNowadays, in the field of nanomedecine, the major challenge is to design multifunctional nanomaterials in order to improve diagnosis and treatment efficiency. In this context, our work has concerned the conception of hybrid Au@SiO2 core-shell nanoparticles combining the photothermal properties of the gold core and the drug delivery function associated with the inorganic porous network. The entrance pore functionalization with gatekeepers leads finally to mecanized nanosystems. The first part of the work has concerned the core material synthesis (hollow gold nanoparticles called « nanoshells ») which has been achieved by a galvanic replacement reaction. The influence of synthesis parameters on the structure, the morphology and on the optical properties has been studied. Moreover, the analysis of a nanoparticle cross-section by XPS and AES has evidenced the formation of a heterogeneous Ag-Au alloy. Then, the growth of a mesoporous silica shell on the metal cores has been conducted leading to Au@SiO2 nanomaterials. After demonstrating the potential of these core-shell nanoparticles for hosting molecules, the nano-objects have been functionalized with supramolecular nanovalves based on a diaminoalkoxysilane (grafted on the silica surface) interacting with a macrocycle. The combination of XPS and NMR allowed us to characterize precisely the functionalization. In a last section, we have been interested in the design of biocompatible systems with the elaboration of a hybrid polymer/silica shell. The in vitro effect and interaction of nanoparticles with HaCaT cells have been studied; the first results have demonstrated a real interest for using poly-L-lysine in these systems. This original study offers new details about the physico-chemical characterization of nanostructured systems which highlights the important role of interfaces in hybrid materials. The perspectives will concern the optimization of the synthesized nanosystems for direct nanomedicine applications
Yang, Ke. "Etude de la dynamique des matériaux poreux hybrides de type MOFs sous l'effet de la pression mécanique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20092.
Повний текст джерелаMetal Organic Framework (MOF) materials have been the focus of intense research activities over the past 10 years, with the emergence of a wide range of novel architectures, constructed from inorganic clusters linked by organic moieties. In order to maintain their useful functionalities and high performances in the different fields explored so far (gas storage/separation, catalysis, sensors and many others), besides high chemical and thermal stabilities, MOFs must be also stable enough to resist to different mechanical constraints in both processing and applications. Indeed, there is nowadays a growing interest to characterize the mechanical behaviours of this class of materials under moderate and high applied pressure. This work first aimed to probe the pressure dependence of the structural behaviour of the highly flexible MIL-53 system [MIL stands for Materials of Institut Lavoisier] as a function of the nature of (i) the metal center (Al,Cr) and (ii) the functional group grafted on the organic linker (-H,-Cl,-CH3) using a combination of high-pressure x-ray/neutron diffraction and molecular simulations. The same methodology was further applied to probe how the presence of guest molecules affects the structural transition of this class of hybrid porous solids. Finally, the mechanical stability and the compressibility of two families of rigid MOFs, the MIL-125(Ti) and the UiO-66(Zr) [UiO stands for University of Oslo] up to high pressure (P~5 GPa) have been investigated and their properties in terms of bulk modulus were compared with the most resilient MOFs reported so far
Carton, Anne. "Cristallochimie de composés hybrides de type hydroxydicarboxylate de métaux de la première série de transition et magnétisme." Nancy 1, 2006. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/SCD_T_2006_0143_CARTON.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаHybrid compounds afford the advantage to associate the properties of the organic and mineral part in order to present multifunctional behaviours. The compounds synthesized by the hydrothermal way are the first transition metal series (oxidation degree: 2+) hydroxydicarboxylates to study their magnetic properties. In the M(II)2(OH)2(C8H4O4) series where M = Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, the compounds follow the same crystallographic model determined from the X ray powder diffraction data. The super exchange ways are modified with the Cu compound because of the Yahn-Teller effect, witch modified the magnetic behaviour (antiferro à ferro). In the Cu-Co solid solution, the TN or the TC (for the base Co or Cu respectively) vary according to the substitution rate. This is in order to reach a limit due to the crystalline field. The structures of [Ni3(OH)2(C8H4O4)2(H2O)4]. 2H2O, Zn2(OH)2(C8H4O4) and Zn3(OH)4(C8H4O4) compounds were been solved ab initio with the X Ray powder diffraction for both the firsts compounds and with single crystal data for the third one. The last studied compound family is M5(OH)6(CnH2n-4O4)2 (= M-Cn) where M = Co, Ni and n = 6, 8. The Co-C8, Ni-C6 and Ni-C8 compounds crystallize in the same structure. The magnetic property data show the evolution in relation to the magnetic cation type (ferro for cobalt and antiferro for copper) or to the carbon chain length (TN evolution). The structural model for Co-C6, suggested in the literature, is discussed thanks to new measures recorded with a new sample obtain by the hydrothermal method
Clet-Ortega, Jérôme. "Exploitation efficace des architectures parallèles de type grappes de NUMA à l’aide de modèles hybrides de programmation." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14514/document.
Повний текст джерелаModern computing servers usually consist in clusters of computers with several multi-core CPUs featuring a highly hierarchical hardware design. The major challenge of the programming models implementations is to efficiently take benefit from these servers. Combining two type of models, like MPI and OpenMP, is a current trend to reach this point. However these programming models haven't been designed to work together and that leads to performance issues. In this thesis, we propose to assist the programmer who develop hybrid applications. We lean on an analysis of the computing system architecture in order to set the number of processes and threads. Rather than a classical hybrid approach, that is to say creating one multithreaded MPI process per node, we automatically evaluate alternative solutions, with several multithreaded processes per node, better fitted to modern computing systems
Carton, Anne François Michel. "Cristallochimie de composés hybrides de type hydroxydicarboxylate de métaux de la première série de transition et magnétisme." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCD_T_2006_0143_CARTON.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаRubio, Espino Elsa. "Sur la stabilité des systèmes hybrides et la stabilisation par commutation." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0039.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis we develop three algorithms for the analysis of the stability of hybrid systems. Our proposal is based on concepts of Lyapunov functions. We propose a structure for the representation of a hybrid system. This structure is composed of a continuous block represented by a Takagi-Sugeno (TS) fuzzy model and a discrete block that corresponds to a supervisor modelled by coloured Petri nets. We perform simulations for different kinds of configurations among the subsystems in order to compare and verify the effectiveness of the algorithms proposed. To implement the actions necessary to stabilize this type of system, we propose to carry out a fuzzy switching action among the different dynamics of the subsystems. This work of thesis is divided into three parts: modelling, analysis and supervision
Nehmetallah, Georges. "Méthodes Galerkin discontinues hybrides couplées à des schémas de type explicite/implicite pour les équations de Maxwell instationnaires." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020COAZ4098.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we study and develop different families of time integration schemes combined with a hybrid discontinuous Galerkin (HDG) discretization in space for Maxwell’s equations. After presenting a review of HDG methods for Poisson equation, time-harmonic Maxwell’s equations and for the time-domain Maxwell’s equations with a fully implicit time discretization in the first part, we construct a fully explicit HDGTD method for the 3D time-domain Maxwell’s equations in the second part. This HDGTD method is high order accurate in both space and time and can be seen as a generalization of the classical DGTD scheme based on upwind fluxes. In particular, it coincides with the latter scheme for a particular choice of the stabilization parameter introduced in the definition of numerical traces in the HDG framework. We provide numerical results aiming at assessing its numerical convergence properties. Then we propose a novel postprocessing technique for the latter method that we couple with an explicit Runge-Kutta time-marching scheme. The postprocessed electromagnetic field converges one order faster than the unpostprocessed solution in the H(curl) -norm. The proposed approach is local, in the sense that the enhanced solution is computed independently in each cell of the computational mesh, and at each time step of interest. As a result, it is inexpensive to compute, especially if the region of interest is localized, either in time or space. We present several numerical experiments that highlight the superconvergence properties of the postprocessed electromagnetic fields. Pursuing our aim, we propose a methodology to construct hybrid explicit/implicit (IMEX) HDGTD methods for Maxwell’s equations in the last part. We present the IMEX HDGTD methods obtained from dividing the semi-discrete formulation into coarse and fine parts and then applying three different IMEX time-marching of three different orders (less or equal to 3). We present numerical results for various test cases. An L shape domain where we have a singularity in the solution, a heterogeneous domain where we have an important variation of the wave speed, and a crystal photonic device where the spheres made of silicium are too close to each other. In these cases, the locally refined meshes are a must for the accuracy of the approximated solution and the and the obtained numerical results demonstrate that our methods are efficient in terms of accuracy and CPU time metrics.obtained numerical results demonstrate that our methods are efficient in terms of accuracy and CPU time metrics
Yaacoub, Saly. "Etude de couches hybrides photopolymérisables de type vinyl éther silane : Application à la fabrication de composants optiques intégrés." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20175/document.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last few years, organic-inorganic hybrid materials were particularly attractive for integrated optical circuits. Hybrid network could be prepared by the formation of inorganic and organic network simultaneously through sol-gel technique and photopolymerization process.A composition based on [2-(3, 4 epoxycyclohexylethyltrimethoxysilane)] has already allowed the fabrication of optical integrated devices. The organic polymerization is on a cationic way. Results show the contributions of OH and aliphatic CH groups to the attenuation in the third telecommunication window located at 1,55 µm.The main objective of this work is to remove this difficulty by developing a new generation of hybrid materials with a very high reactivity and low amount of groups involved in the attenuation. We have chosen vinyl ether function as an organic part because of their well known high polymerization rates via cationic way which are faster than the epoxide function and which lead to no OH groups generation and a very low aliphatic CH groups introduction.In this work, we study the dual functional structure of a new vinyl ether alkoxysilane hybrid precursor. Firstly, hydrolysis and polycondensation of vinyl ether based solution are followed by liquid and solid Si-NMR spectroscopy. The kinetic reaction is followed as a function of time, temperature and pH of the water involved in the hydrolysis, in order to obtain the highest reactive multifunctional oligomer and the lowest OH groups. Secondly, results of the cationic photopolymerization of vinyl ether- based monomers are also reported, using middle infrared spectroscopy. In the presence of diaryliodonium photoinitator, the photopolymerization is studied by monitoring the absorption band of vinyl ether double bond before and after irradiation. The cationic photopolymerization occurs rapidly upon UV-exposure and vinyl ether monomers proved to be very effective monomers. Using near infrared spectroscopy, results show promising attenuation for the use of this material in integrated optic at 1,31 µmand 1,55 µm
Baert, Jérome. "Locomotives Electriques Hybrides : contribution à leur modélisation et à leur gestion énergétique par logique floue de type 2." Thesis, Besançon, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BESA2049/document.
Повний текст джерелаTo achieve a "greener" freight transport, efforts are still needed to overcome some technological barriers. New improvements must be carried at to limit the shunting locomotives' use intended for the goods' load/unload. Considering this aim, FEMTO-ST and Alstom Transport decided to conceive and develop an energy management strategy system for hybrid electric locomotives. Such locomotives include a diesel driven generator set which is coupled with batteries and ultra-capacitors. The architecture aims at improving the flexibility, the effectiveness of the electrical railway transport and at reducing the environmental impact of these activities again. Firstly, the study consists in implementing a macroscopic modelling of the hybrid electric powertrain. Then, the control is optimally designed by identifying the hardware and software sensors of the powertrain. The dynamics and the behavior of the secondary sources' models are improved thanks to their experimental characterizations. Secondly, the use of Type-2 Fuzzy Logic (interval and general) controllers permits to study their efficiency in the control of a very simple industrial system: the output voltage of a buck converter. Lastly, based on the obtained results, an innovative management of the system's energy flows is developed in the case of the hybrid electrical locomotive. The use of the type-2 fuzzy logic and evolutionary algorithms permit to optimally perform a real time energy management strategy without a priori knowledge of the duty cycle. The frequency approach and the secondary sources' state of charge control contribute to their efficient use
Salomon, William. "Incorporation de polyoxométallates dans des matériaux hybrides de type MOFs pour des applications en magnétisme et en électrocatalyse." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV124/document.
Повний текст джерелаDifferent Polyoxometalate (POM) based hybrid materials were synthesised during this doctorate. In the first type of materials, called POM@MOF, POMs are incorporated in the porous cavities of a Metal-Organic-Framework (MOF). These materials were synthesised by a impregnation method in an aqueous medium or by direct synthesis in solvothermal conditions. They were then extensively characterised. For every material, the stability or transformation of the POMs during the incorporation was accurately established. The POM@MOFs materials were then studied for their applications in magnetism, for detection and in catalysis. In a second time, POM-based hybrid coordination polymers (called POMOFs) made from ε-Keggin isomers connected by organic linkers were synthesised by a hydrothermal method. New POMOFs structures have been obtained with POMs, carboxylate linkers and metallic complexes as non-innocents counter ions. The catalytic activity of these materials toward protons reduction was studied by electrocatalysis and photocatalysis. In parallel, syntheses of soluble molecular compounds based on ε-Keggin POMs were also performed. Finally, hybrid species incorporating transition metals and bisphosphonate linkers were synthesised : three copper(II) based polymers and a molecular coumpound incorporating iron(III). The magnetic and catalytic (reduction of NOx) properties of these materials were then studied. The iron based species was also selected as substrate for the deposition on a silica surface
Muyl, Frédérique. "Méthodes d'optimisation hybrides appliquées à l'optimisation de formes en aérodynamique automobile." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066397.
Повний текст джерелаDufouleur, Joseph. "Cohérence quantique et interactions dans les gaz d'électrons bidimensionnels balistiques." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112108.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is devoted to the study of the magnetoresistance of Z2 and T3 quantum networks etched in a two dimensionnal electron gas (2DEG). The oscillations corresponding to one quantum flux per tile (h/e oscillations) of such an ensemble of Aharonov-Bohm ring should decay like1/N. However, for a particular topology, C. Naud has observed stronger oscillations than for square lattice of similar size, due to the localization of the electrons in cages by the interferences for half a quantum flux per tile. Here, we show that by analyzing dG/G rather than dR, the amplitude of the h/e oscillations couldn't be attributed to a cage effect. Moreover, their temperature dependence confirm that they are the consequence of the usual average of incoherent ring's oscillations. We have studied the magnetic dependence of these oscillations. Their amplitude mainly depends on the asymmetry of the wave function at low fields, whereas it is the reduction of the backscattering that is relevant for intermediate fields. In stronger fields, we observe very high oscillations on a ring and weaker on a square lattice when the Fermi level lies between two Landau levels. Their exponential thermal dependence is unusual. In the second part, we have studied the transport through hybrid junctions superconductor (Indium) / high mobility 2DEG. We could reproduce disordered contact with a good transparency of around 30%. The presence of current leakage makes the use of gate impossible. By using a Titanium mask, we show that the contact is effective only in few places where the Indium could diffuse
Amestoy, Antoine. "Synthèse de nanohélices hybrides par auto-assemblage de type "bottom up" pour la fabrication de capteurs de déformation flexibles." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0041.
Повний текст джерелаFlexible and biocompatible strain sensors based on nanoparticle (NPs) assemblies show great potential for various future applications, such as electronic skin, flexible touch screens, and robotics. The high sensitivity of such strain sensing devices is due to the exponential dependence of the tunnel resistance on the distance between adjacent NPs, which is altered by the strain. However, the sensitivity, reproducibility and stability of these sensors are affected by variations in thickness, morphology and density of the films during manufacture or during their application. The objective of this work is to develop strain sensors based on assemblies of silica nanohelices covered with conductive metallic NPs or semiconducting metal oxide NPs to overcome these critical aspects. In the first part, gold NPs are synthesized and functionalized with different compositions of insulating ligands and are further grafted on the surface of the nanohelices with a covalent bond. In the second part, transparent semiconducting NPs of antimony-doped tin oxide are synthesized, functionalized and assembled on the surface of nanohelices by electrostatic or covalent interactions. Finally, the various assemblies obtained are deposited by dielectrophoresis between interdigitated electrodes on a flexible substrate. The flexibility, sensitivity and stability properties of the sensors are then characterized by electromechanical measurements coupled with scanning electron microscopy observations
Jabri, Dalel. "Contribution à la synthèse de lois de commande pour les systèmes de type Takagi-Sugeno et/ou hybrides interconnectés." Thesis, Reims, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011REIMS028/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis focuses on the stabilization of nonlinear large scale systems. Hence, a global large scale systemcan be described by a set of n interconnected subsystems. Then, based on the subsystem’s nature, adecentralized control law, composed of a set of n local control law is proposed. Each local control law isable to stabilize the subsystem for which it is synthesized. In this thesis, three classes of dynamical systemsare considered : nonlinear interconnected systems, switched linear interconnected systems and switchednonlinear interconnected systems.First, based on Takagi Sugeno (TS) modeling, the decentralized stabilization of nonlinear interconnectedsystems has been studied. In order to relax quadratic Lyapunov approaches, one has considered nonquadratic Lyapunov functions. Then, based on multiple Lyapunov switched functions, the stabilization oflarge scale linear switched systems is proposed. Hence, a decentralized switched control law designmethodology has been developed to ensure the stability of the proposed class of hybrid systems. Finally,the stabilization of nonlinear switched interconnected systems as been considered such that each nonlinearsubsystem is described by a TS model
Portier, François. "Biomateriaux collagène / gélatine : des phases cristal-liquides aux matériaux hybrides." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066655/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe object of this thesis was to study the in vitro self-assembly phenomena of native, denatured or modified collagen type I.In the first part, we analysed dense solutions of collagen I and gelatin A (in acidic medium) by polarized light microscopy and polarization resolved SHG microscopy (P-SHG). We have thus observed the first mesophase obtained from gelatin. We then studied the impact of gelatin on collagen I plywood mesophases and showed that collagen could be replaced by gelatin up to 20% without affecting the formation of the plywood phases.Collagen/gelatin matrices obtained after fibrillogenesis were characterized at different scales by using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), P-SHG and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We showed that these matrices have a hierarchical structure of fractal type and that gelatin stabilizes collagen.In the second part, we studied the self-assembly of collagen I modified with rifamycin SV for the synthesis of controlled delivery gels.We used different methods of assembly in order to reach our goal and we characterized the chemical, rheological and antibiotic properties of the obtained gels. To better understand the system, we studied the structure of modified collagen assemblies in a diluted systems with cryo-TEM and atomic force microscopy coupled with infrared spectroscopy (AFMIR)
Basseur, Matthieu. "Conception d'algorithmes coopératifs pour l'optimisation multi-objectif : application aux problèmes d'ordonnancement de type flow-shop." Lille 1, 2005. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2005/50376-2005-Basseur.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаEnsuite, nous proposons de faire coopérer AGA avec des méthodes dédiées à l'intensification de la recherche. Nous proposons un premier type de coopération avec PLS (Recherche Locale Pareto) en proposant différents algorithmes de type recherche mimétique. Les tests effectués sur les différentes coopérations montrent l'intérêt d'utiliser un algorithme d'exploration (AGA), ainsi que l'efficacité des coopérations adaptives entre différents algorithmes. Puis, nous proposons une coopération originale avec l'algorithme MOPR (Path Relinking Multi-Objectif). Pour cela nous avons défini différents mécanismes pour adapter les algorithmes de path-relinking au cas multi-objectif. Ce type d'approche est très prometteur. Enfin, les approches coopératives avec la méthode exacte bi-objectif TPM (Méthode Deux Phases) ont été envisagées. Trois approches ont été proposées, une exacte et deux heuristique. Les expérimentations ont permis d'améliorer sensiblement les meilleures solutions obtenues. Les différentes approches testées, montrent l'intérêt des mécanismes de transition adaptative entre algorithmes, ainsi l'apport réalisé par l'utilisation de méthodes d'optimisation très différentes, dans le cadre de l'optimisation multi-objectif
Mabire, Clément. "Contribution des variations structurales de type insertions/délétions à l'adaptation, la variation des caractères et les performances hybrides chez le maïs." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS093.
Повний текст джерелаIn the last decades, the rapid development of genome sequencing allowed to identify structural variations in many species. In maize, thousands of large insertions and deletions (InDels) from few bp to hundreds of Kbp were discovered by comparing the reference genome B73 and many other resequenced genomes. These InDel sequences can carry genes and therefore be involved in phenotypic variation by changing the gene composition between individuals, but their effect on phenotype was not well studied. The aim of this thesis was to study the contribution of InDels to adaptation, phenotypic variations and hybrid performances in maize. We developed an Affymetrix® Axiom® genotyping array that allowed to genotype 105,947 InDels sequences ranging from 35bp to 129,7Kbp of size. 79,969 out 105,947 sequences of these InDels were not present in B73 reference genome and have been discovered by assembling three genomes (F2, C103, and PH207). We selected 61,492 polymorphic InDels to genotype a 362 maize inbred lines panel representing a broad range of diversity to study the contribution of InDels to genetic diversity, adaptation and trait variation. We also assembled one million of SNPs from two genotyping arrays and genotyping by sequencing to study the complementarity between InDels and SNPs. Genetic structuration and relatedness between inbred lines displayed by SNPs or by InDels were highly similar suggesting that almost all indels and SNPs followed a similar evolutionary trajectory. 51% of InDels were not in high linkage disequilibrium (LD>0.8) with any nearby SNP suggesting that the effect of these InDels was not be well captured using this density of SNP. Thanks to InDels, we detected 13 new quantitative trait loci (QTLs) among 294 QTLs identified for 23 traits by a genome wide association studies (GWAS). Similarly, 56 out 188 regions under selection between tropical, dent and flint maize lines were identified by InDels leading to an enrichment of genomic regions under selection detected by InDels compared to SNPs. These InDels include genes involved in tolerance to biotic and abiotic stress and/or adaptive traits as flowering time. Accordingly, the highest number of associated InDels was found for flowering time. These results suggest that InDels were often involved in adaptation and stress tolerance. In order to study the effect of InDels on hybrid performances, we analyzed a panel of 287 hybrids derived from the crossing of 210 maize temperate inbred lines from the previous panel. We decomposed the variance of female flowering (FF), plant height (PH) and grain yield (GY) by distinguishing the additive and dominant genetic effects. We observed the highest dominance and genotype by environment effects for GY and the lowest for FF. We performed GWAS on this panel by testing additive and dominance effects of 51,844 InDels and 469,267 SNPs on these three traits in 4 different environment combinations. We identified 78 and 133 QTLs with an additive and dominance effect, respectively including 6 and 11 QTLs discovered only by InDels. 83% of all QTLs were found with only one environment combination. One QTL for GY detected with InDels was located in a large cluster of InDels on chromosome 6, previously identified to have a strong effect on GY in heat conditions. We finally used InDels and/or SNPs genotyping to predict hybrid performances. Whereas including a dominance effect in genomic prediction models increased by 1.5 to 5.6% predictive abilities (PA) for GY, including InDels genotyping did not increased PA
Cleuziou, Jean-Pierre. "Synthèse et étude des propriétés de nanoparticules magnétiques de type coeur-coquille." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/156/.
Повний текст джерелаMolecular electronics and spintronics are both rapidly emerging fields of nanoelectronics with a strong potential impact for the realization of new functions and devices helpful for information storage as well as quantum information. My thesis aimed at the merging of the two fields by the realization of molecular junctions that involves magnetic nanostructures. We chose two different approaches: (i) electronic transport through carbon nanotubes filled with magnetic material (hybrid carbon nanotubes), and (ii) development of a nano-SQUID with carbon nanotube Josephson junctions, which should be sensitive enough to study individual magnetic molecules that are attached to the carbon nanotube
Dargère, Nicolas. "Nouvelle voie de réticulation et de renforcement de TPV du type PP/EPDM." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10307.
Повний текст джерелаThis work focuses on a new way of thermoplastic vulcanizate elaboration. Hydrosilazane compounds were employed to crosslink and reinforce PP/EPDM blends. Hydrosilazane reactive groups as silicon hydride (Si-H) and silazane (Si-N) moieties were involved in two types of reactions. Hydrosilylation reaction was exploited to perform EPDM crosslinking and hydrolysis-condensation reactions for in-situ formation of SiCxOy hybrid domains. Firstly model compounds were used to study both reactions. Then EPDM gels were elaborated by hydrosilylation crosslinking and hydrolysis-condensation reactions of hydrosilazane were performed for the in-situ modification of EPDM networks. Results showed that hydrosilazane diffusion in EPDM has a major influence on the crosslinking reaction kinetic. Additionally, hydrolysis-condensation reactions revealed that silazane groups are more sensitive to hydrolysis compared to silicon hydrides in our experimental conditions. Hydrosilazane conversion in SiCxOy in crosslinked and grafted EPDM gels induce an increase of the crosslinking density. Both reactions were successively performed in the molten state using industrial processing means and structural characterisations confirmed the presence of SiCxOy hybrid structures
Brand, Denys. "Particules chimères GAG-V3 du virus de l'immunodéficience humaine de type 1 : concepts, stratégie de construction, expression et purification." Tours, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOUR3803.
Повний текст джерелаNo summary available
Lesimple, Patrick. "Etude du cotyle non scellé de bousquet dans cent prothèses totales de hanche hybrides avec composant fémoral type charnley scellé : recul moyen quatre ans." Caen, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991CAEN3094.
Повний текст джерелаVolkringer, Christophe. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nouveaux carboxylates de type metal organic framewok (MOF) à base d'aluminium, de gallium et d'indium." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009VERS0024.
Повний текст джерелаMetal Organic Framework (MOF) is a new class of hybrid materials with generally an important porosity and low density. This work concern the synthesis with aluminium, gallium and indium based of MOF-type carboxylates. The use of these metals, and particularly aluminium, is very rarely reported for MOFs elaboration. In the aluminium case, it is a surprise because this strategical metal is light and low cost. During this PhD, more than twenty MOFs were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR, X-ray diffraction and infrared. Some of them show very interesting properties (high surface area, acidic properties, new crystal chemistry) and present a real industrial interest. In order to understand the formation of MOFs under hydrothermal conditions, we analysed with ex situ techniques and in situ NMR, the synthesis of aluminium trimesates. New species were characterized, and we proposed mechanisms for the formation of three aluminium based compounds
Lefrançois, Aurélie. "Synthèse de nanocristaux de type Chalcopyrite en vue d'applications en cellules solaires." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062176.
Повний текст джерелаBasov, Sergey. "Nouvelles approches pour le design de composites multiferroïques nanostructurés de type (1-3)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0007/document.
Повний текст джерелаMultiferroic materials including magnetoelectric materials that combine magnetic and ferroelectric orders have attracted great attention due to a possible strain-mediated coupling leading to potential applications in memories, sensors, detectors, spintronic and microwave devices. The number of single-phase multiferroic materials operating at room temperature being limited, we are exploring artificially designed multiferroic nanostructures consisting of ferroelectric and ferrimagnetic oxides. Current work is focused on strain-mediated magnetoelectric effect, which allows to generate a spontaneous polarization or magnetization by an applied magnetic field (direct ME effect) and electric field (converse ME effect) respectively. ME effects can be observed at room temperature through interface and strain interaction in two-phase multiferroic nanocomposites. The combination of piezoelectric materials PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT), Ba0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BSTO), BaTiO3 (BTO) and magnetostrictive CoFe2O4 (CFO) materials have been intensively studied in multiferroic nanocomposites. The community has been able to demonstrate large magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature in epitaxial thin films, so called 2-2 connectivity system, but a key limitation in epitaxially grown thin films is a substrate imposed clamping effect limiting thin film’s strain. Designing innovative architectures is a challenge in the field of multiferroic nanocomposites. Our work is focused on vertically aligned multiferroic nanostructures, so called (1-3) connectivity nanocomposites, where one-dimensional ferrimagnetic CoFe2O4 nanostructures (1) are embedded into three-dimensional PZT, BTO and BSTO layers (3). New routes were considered to design three kinds of materials: i) vertically aligned CFO nanowire arrays surrounded by PZT nanotubes embedded into alumina membranes; ii) vertically aligned CFO nanopillar arrays embedded in thin BTO, BSTO and PZT layers supported on Si substrates; ii) 3-D interconnected CFO nanowire networks embedded in a thick PZT matrix. The objectives of the present work are to control the oxidation of metallic CoFe2 nanowires and nanopillars to control the morphology and density of CFO nanostructures, to control the resistivity and dielectric losses of the nanocomposites at the interface region, and to increase the magnetoelectric coupling of the multiferroic nanocomposites by increasing the interfacial surface area between the two ferroic phases.The first geometry we are developing is a deposition by sol-gel dip impregnation of PZT nanotube arrays into self-supported porous alumina membranes, followed by an electrodeposition and thermal oxidation of CoFe2 nanowire arrays within PZT nanotubes. The second architecture we are focusing on is a deposition by RF magnetron sputtering of BSTO and BTO layers and by sol-gel dip coating of PZT layers onto vertically aligned CoFe2 and CoFe2O4 nanopillar arrays supported on Si substrates. The CoFe2 oxidation is conducted in-situ during the BSTO and BTO sputter deposition. Free-standing CoFe2 nanopillar arrays are obtained by electrodeposition into anodized alumina nanoporous structures and chemical dissolution of alumina templates. The last geometry is prepared using a combination of electrodeposition into self-supported porous polymer membranes and sol-gel processes. The PZT-CFO nanostructures are prepared using impregnation of thick PZT layers into self-supported CoFe2 3D nanowire networks on Si substrates by sol-gel method and their simultaneous oxidation during PZT layers crystallization. Specific attention was focused on interfaces through microstructural and morphological evaluations of nanocomposites using XRD, HRSEM, TEM and EDS characterizations. The performances of the nanocomposites were evaluated using magnetic, dielectric, ferroelectric and ME measurements, an alternating gradient magnetometer, impedance analyser, PFM and the ME susceptometer operated inside PPMS were utilized, respectively
Soussou, Asma. "Etude des propriétés structurales, morphologiques et électrochimiques de couches minces de nanocomposites hybrides de type hydroxyde double lamellaire (HDL) / biomolécules : application aux biocapteurs de polyphénols." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0302/document.
Повний текст джерелаPolyphenols are in abundance in diet, being present in various fruits or vegetables, but also in tea or wine. Their antioxidant properties attracted an increasing interest of different researchers in the field of medicine and food manufacturers. Consequently, very intensive studies have been conducted to develop efficient polyphenols biosensors, while respecting certain criteria (simplicity of use, speed of measurement, low cost). In the case of enzymatic biosensors, the decisive step is the immobilization of the enzyme on the transducer surface without affecting its performances.In this thesis, we used layered double hydroxides (LDHs) as a host matrix to immobilize tyrosinase, an enzyme recognizing specifically polyphenols, at the surface of screen printed gold electrodes. Polyphenols used to study the biosensors were extracted from green tea.LDHs nanosheets were prepared by the co-precipitation method. In a first step, their structural properties were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Raman and Infra-Red spectroscopies, confirming crystalline phase and chemical composition of LDHs. In a second step, LDHs-thin films were prepared by self-assembly and spin coating deposition under various experimental conditions (nature and concentration of LDHs …), and studied by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) to obtain information about the surface morphology of the host matrix before enzyme immobilization. The presence of tyrosinase after the immobilization step was also confirmed by AFM. Electrochemical characteristics of the amperometric biosensors, whose design is based on this study, were determined by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry. This study showed that these systems are highly sensitive to polyphenols, detecting them by their oxidation but also by the reduction of compounds enzymatically generated. They exhibit also other very attractive characteristics for the detection of complex mixture of polyphenols: a large dynamic range (up to 1000 ng.mL-1)and a very low detection limit (few pg.mL-1)
Haidar, Azzam. "Sur l'extensibilité parallèle de solveurs linéaires hybrides pour des problèmes tridimensionels de grandes tailles." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00347948.
Повний текст джерелаPhilippot, Cécile. "Elaboration et caractérisations de nanocristaux organiques fluorescents insérés en coquille sol-gel : vers le développement d'un nouveau type d'agent imageant." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580367.
Повний текст джерелаDorey, Gilbert. "Étude de l'importance de l'orientation de la fonction carbonylée de carbonyl-3 béta-carbolines sur l'affinité pour le récepteur des benzodiazépines : synthèse d'un nouvel hybride de type diazépino-béta-carboline." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112416.
Повний текст джерелаIn the first part of this thesis, the influence of the C-3 carbonyl group conformation of 3-carboxy- β-carbolines on their benzodiazepine receptor affinities was studied. For this purpose rigid -carboline analogues in which the carbonyl group was restrained in an s-cis position were synthesized. Evaluation of the in vitro binding affinities of these derivatives permitted confirmation of our working hypothesis that the s-cis conformation of active 3-carboxy β-carboline is preferentially recognized by the benzodiazepine receptor. In the second part, a contribution to a study of the structure-activity relationships of a new family of benzodiazepine receptor ligands was made. Finally, in the third pan of the thesis, attempts to synthesize a new family of diazepine- β-carboline hybrids are described. The various strategies used for this purpose, of which one was successful, also led to the synthesis of novel tetracyclic β-carbolines displaying very high receptor affinities in vitro
Falaise, Clément. "Polymères de coordination : utilisation de matrices poreuses de type MOF pour la capture des radionucléides et cristallochimie des carboxylates d'actinides légers (Th, U) tétravalents." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10115/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe use of nuclear energy obviously raises the question of the presence of radionuclides in the environment. Currently, their mitigation is a major issue associated with nuclear chemistry. This thesis focuses on both the trapping of radionuclides by porous solids called Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOF) and the crystal chemistry of the carboxylate of tetravalent actinides (AnIV). The academic knowledge of the reactivity of carboxylate of AnIV could help the understanding of actinides speciation in environment. We focused on the sequestration of iodine by aluminum based MOF. The functionalization (electron-donor group) of the MOF drastically enhances the iodine capture capacity. The removal of light actinides (Th and U) from aqueous solution was also investigated as well as the stability of (Al)-MOF under γ radiation. More than twenty coordination polymers based on tetravalent actinides have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The use of controlled hydrolysis promotes the formation of coordination polymers exhibiting polynuclear cluster ([U4], [Th6], [U6] and [U38]). In order to understand the formation of the largest cluster, the ex-situ study of the solvothermale synthesis of compound {U38} has also been investigated
Bechelany, Mirna. "Élaboration d'objets massifs céramiques de type nanocomposite par la voie "polymère précéramique"." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10298.
Повний текст джерелаIn the present work, a chemical approach called the « Polymer Derived Ceramics » route, has been applied to prepare monolithic ceramic nanocomposites of the type nc-MN/a-Si3N4 with nc, nanocrystals, M, Transition Metal (Ti, Zr, Hf) and a being amorphous. After a literature review in the first chapter, we have designed preceramic polymers of the type polymetallosilazanes to provide after pyrolysis nanocomposites in form of powders in the second chapter. Each step of the process has been studied using characterization tools such as molecular weight measurements, solid-state NMR, and infrared spectroscopy. The structure of the polymers has been proposed. The pyrolysis has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and the final materials have been characterized by X-ray diffraction and TEM to confirm the nature of the nanocomposites. In a third chapter, polymers have been tested with regard to warm-pressing as shaping process to form green compacts which have been treated under ammonia then nitrogen at high temperatures to produce the desired ceramic nanocomposites (e.g. amorphous silicon nitride matrix) with specified properties (e.g. decorative properties) in form of monolith. Structural, mechanical and decorative properties have been finally studied. In the fourth chapter, we presented preliminary results on i) the use of Spark Plasma Sintering technique on the powders prepared in chapter 2 to optimize the quality of the solid objects ii) the introduction of two types of transition metals in the same polymetallosilazane leading to a new type of nanocomposite according to the process described in chapters 2 and 3 and iii) the elaboration of these nanocomposites through a cost-effective “two-step” process by dispersing transition metal nanoparticles within polycarbosilazanes
Solano, Javier. "Modélisation et supervision des flux énergétiques à bord d'un véhicule hybride lourd : approche par logique floue de type-2." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00699896.
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