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Статті в журналах з теми "HYBRID WDM"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 вересня 2023

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1

Yang, Jiang Nan, Li Qun Huang, and Xue Li Tang. "Simulation Research on 40Gbit/s Hybrid WDM/TDM PON System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 3035–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.3035.

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Анотація:

Recently, wavelength division mulplexing (WDM) technology has been extensively studied, and various WDM-PON architectures have been proposed for next-generation passive optical network (PON). In this paper, we combine the TDM with WDM architecture to achieve high-speed, long-distance transmission. To reduce the cost of ONU, we achive the colorless ONU by placing a Reflective Semiconductor Optical Amplifier (RSOA) in the uplink transmission. We build the whole architecture to simulate the Hybrid WDM/TDM PON System in Optisystem and the experimental results prove that the architecture is feasible and reasonable.

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2

Nyachionjeka, Kumbirayi, and Wellington Makondo. "Effects of Modulation Techniques (Manchester Code, NRZ or RZ) on the Operation of Hybrid WDM/TDM Passive Optical Networks." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (October 30, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/984157.

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In this paper, the performance and feasibility of a hybrid wavelength division multiplexing/time division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM/TDM PON) system with 128 optical network units (ONUs) is analysed. In this system, triple play services (video, voice and data) are successfully communicated through a distance of up to 28 km. Moreover, we analysed and compared the performance of various modulation formats for different distances in the proposed hybrid WDM/TDM PON. NRZ rectangular emerged as the most appropriate modulation format for triple play transmission in the proposed hybrid PON.

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3

DELFYETT, P. J., B. MATHASON, I. NITTA, and H. SHI. "NOVEL MULTIWAVELENGTH MODE-LOCKED SEMICONDUCTOR LASERS: PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 10, no. 01 (March 2000): 309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156400000337.

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We develop and study the physics of a novel hybrid wavelength-division-multiplexed, optical timedivision-multiplexed (WDM-OTDM) mode-locked semiconductor laser for applications in ultra-high data rate communication links, computer interconnects, and optical sampling applications. The key philosophy behind using a hybrid approach is that state-of-the-art system performance can be achieved without the necessity of operating at the limits of a either a pure WDM or OTDM technology platform.

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4

Kumar, Chakresh, and Ghanendra Kumar. "Novel flattened gain using RAMAN-Erbium doped silica fiber hybrid optical amplifier for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system." International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology 12, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v12i2.2.

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Анотація:

We have proposed a very advanced super dense wavelength division multiplexing (SD-WDM) system using RAMANErbium doped silica fiber optical amplifier (EDSFA) hybrid optical amplifier (HOA) in this paper. Performance is evaluated in term of flattened gain and noise figure for C-band. Effect of proposed hybrid optical amplifier also compared with EDFARAMAN, EDFA-SOA and SOA-SOA HOA for the same characteristics. Best rating gain of 37.5 dB with noise figure of 5.4 dB ever recorded from RAMAN-EDSFA HOA. It is also observed that out come from SOA-SOA HOA is not acceptable in term of noise figure of 9.1 dB for 400 x 10 GB/s SD-WDM system. Keywords: SD-WDM, RAMAN-EDSFA, EDFA-RAMAN, EDFA-SOA, SOA-SOA, noise figure, gain

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5

Róka, Rastislav. "An Effective Evaluation of Wavelength Scheduling for Various WDM-PON Network Designs with Traffic Protection Provision." Symmetry 13, no. 8 (August 23, 2021): 1540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13081540.

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Анотація:

Recently, metropolitan and access communication networks have markedly developed by utilizing a variety of technologies. Their bearer communication infrastructures will be mostly exploiting the optical transmission medium where wavelength division multiplexing techniques will play an important role. This contribution discusses the symmetric sharing of common optical network resources in wavelength and time domains. Wavelength-Division Multiplexed Passive Optical Networks (WDM-PON) attract considerable attention regarding the next generation of optical metropolitan and access networks. The main purpose of this contribution is presented by the analysis of possible scheduling of wavelengths for our novel hybrid network topologies considered for WDM-PON networks. This contribution briefly deploys adequate Dynamic Wavelength Allocation (DWA) algorithms for selected WDM-PON network designs with the provision of traffic protection when only passive optical components in remote nodes are utilized. The main part of this study is focused on the use of wavelength scheduling methods for selected WDM-PON network designs. For evaluation of offline and online wavelength scheduling for novel hybrid network topologies, a simulation model realized in the Matlab programming environment allows to analyze interactions between various metropolitan and access parts in the Optical Distribution Network (ODN) related to advanced WDM-PON network designs. Finally, wavelength scheduling methods are compared from a viewpoint of utilization in advanced WDM-PON networks designs.

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6

Rabiei, P., and A. F. J. Levi. "Analysis of hybrid optoelectronic WDM ADC." Journal of Lightwave Technology 18, no. 9 (September 2000): 1264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/50.871704.

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7

Naim, Nani Fadzlina, Muhammad Amirul Hafiz Mohamed Hashim, Suzi Seroja Sarnin, Norsuzila Ya'acob, and Latifah Sarah Supian. "Design of L-Band Multiwavelength Laser for TDM/WDM PON Application." Baghdad Science Journal 18, no. 4(Suppl.) (December 20, 2021): 1365. http://dx.doi.org/10.21123/bsj.2021.18.4(suppl.).1365.

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Анотація:

This paper presents on the design of L-Band Multiwavelength laser for Hybrid Time Division Multiplexing/ Wavelength Division Multiplexing (TDM/WDM) Passive Optical Network (PON) application. In this design, an L-band Mulltiwavelength Laser is designed as the downstream signals for TDM/WDM PON. The downstream signals ranging from 1569.865 nm to 1581.973 nm with 100GHz spacing. The multiwavelength laser is designed using OptiSystem software and it is integrated into a TDM/WDM PON that is also designed using OptiSystem simulation software. By adapting multiwavelength fiber laser into a TDM/WDM network, a simple and low-cost downstream signal is proposed. From the simulation design, it is found that the proposed design is suitable to be used in TDM/WDM PON for up to 64 Optical Network Units (ONUs).

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8

V. Nguyen, Thang, Minh-Tu V. Pham, Hien T. T. Pham, Hai-Chau Le, and Ngoc T. Dang. "A Performance Comparison of Gigabit-Capable Backhauling Solutions for 5G Cellular Networks." Journal of Science and Technology: Issue on Information and Communications Technology 3, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31130/jst.2017.36.

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A high-capacity, flexible, cost, and energy efficient backhaul network based on the convergence of optical and wireless technologies is proposed this research work. The proposed backhaul network, which is deployed on wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON), supports three backhauling solutions including pure WDM-PON, hybrid WDM-PON/free-space optics (FSO), and hybrid WDM-PON/millimeter-wave (MMW) radio frequency (RF). We firstly have developed mathematical models for performance analysis of the downlink for three comparative backhaul solutions. We then theoretically and comprehensively analyzed the system performance while considering various system parameters such as the total distance, wireless link distance, splitting ratio, amplifier gain, and the bit rate as well as key environment parameters including rain attenuation and atmospheric turbulence. We have also compared the performance of the three alternative backhaul solutions to verify the trade-off between the system performance and the system flexibility/mobility. The numerical results verify the system performance of each backhaul solution. It is demonstrated that combination of these approaches can exploit PON, FSO and RF technologies to provide a flexible and gigabit-bandwidth-capable solution for the fifth generation (5G) backhaul networks.

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9

Hai-Han Lu, Wen-Shing Tsai, Yen-Liang Lui, and Ya-Lin Chen. "A radio-on-hybrid WDM transport system." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17, no. 7 (July 2005): 1576–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2005.848262.

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10

Aldhaibani, A. O., S. A. Aljunid, Hilal A. Fadhil, and M. S. Anuar. "Increasing Capacity and Suppress the Crosstalk by Using Hybrid Optical OFDM/WDM System." Key Engineering Materials 594-595 (December 2013): 1041–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.594-595.1041.

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Hybrid optical OFDM/WDM system is proposed to provide longer reach and larger capacity comparing with existing PON systems in order to meet the ever increasing bandwidth demand and data rate of next generation optical access networks. In this paper, two channels using different modulation at 10 Gb/s are used for downstream link. OFDM signals occupy different portions of the available signal spectrum for signal transmissions by using WDM. As a result, the system has good performance based on SNR with 50 km distance and QAM modulation delivers better performance compared with PSK.

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11

Doi, Yoshiyuki, Toshihide Yoshimatsu, Yasuhiko Nakanishi, Satoshi Tsunashima, Masahiro Nada, Shin Kamei, Kimikazu Sano, and Yuzo Ishii. "Receiver Integration with Arrayed Waveguide Gratings toward Multi-Wavelength Data-Centric Communications and Computing." Applied Sciences 10, no. 22 (November 19, 2020): 8205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10228205.

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This paper reviews receivers that feature low-loss multimode-output arrayed waveguide gratings (MM-AWGs) for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) as well as hybrid integration techniques with high-speed throughput of up to 100 Gb/s and beyond. A design of optical coupling between higher-order multimode beams and a photodiode for a flat-top spectral shape is described in detail. The WDM photoreceivers were fabricated with different approaches. A 10-Gb/s photoreceiver was developed for a 1.25-Gb/s baud rate and assembled for eight-channel WDM by mechanical alignment. A receiver with 40-Gb/s throughput was built by using visual alignment for a 10-Gb/s baud rate and four-channel WDM. A 100-Gb/s receiver assembled by active alignment with a four-channel by 25-Gb/s baud rate is the basis for beyond-100 Gb/s and future multi-wavelength integrated devices toward data-centric communications and computing.

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12

Keenan, Brett D., Chrismond D. Smith, Daniel Livescu, Jeffrey Haack, and Robert S. Pavel. "Simulation of a strong steady-state plasma shock in a warm dense matter regime." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 1 (January 2023): 012706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0129941.

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The structure of collisional plasma shocks has been subject to an extensive, multi-decadal investigation—in the hydrodynamic, hybrid kinetic ion/electron fluid, and fully kinetic ion/electron limits. Despite this thoroughness, all of these studies apply exclusively to classical, weakly coupled plasmas. Here, we report the first results for a planar hydrodynamic simulation of a strong, steady-state shock in a subspace of the warm dense matter (WDM) regime. Specifically, we consider a plasma of fully degenerate electrons with moderate-to-strongly coupled ions. Since the WDM ion and electron transport coefficients and equation of state differ markedly from their non-degenerate, weak-coupling equivalents, we find that the structure of a WDM plasma shock notably deviates from the ideal plasma picture.

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13

Charbonneau, Neal, Vinod Vokkarane, Chin Guok, and Inder Monga. "Advance reservation frameworks in hybrid IP-WDM networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 49, no. 5 (May 2011): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2011.5762809.

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14

Mahloo, Mozhgan, Jiajia Chen, Lena Wosinska, Abhishek Dixit, Bart Lannoo, Didier Colle, and Carmen Mas Machuca. "Toward reliable hybrid WDM/TDM passive optical networks." IEEE Communications Magazine 52, no. 2 (February 2014): S14—S23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mcom.2014.6736740.

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15

Shenai, R., and K. Sivalingam. "Hybrid survivability approaches for optical WDM mesh networks." Journal of Lightwave Technology 23, no. 10 (October 2005): 3046–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2005.856273.

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16

Yan, Hui, Kun Qiu, and Yun Ling. "Performance analysis of a hybrid OCDMA/WDM system." Frontiers of Optoelectronics in China 2, no. 1 (March 2009): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12200-009-0001-4.

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17

Obara, H. "Hybrid routing concept for dense WDM ring networks." Electronics Letters 36, no. 17 (2000): 1482. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:20001031.

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18

Durand, F. R., M. A. C. Lima, A. C. Cesar, and E. Moschim. "Impact of PMD on hybrid WDM/OCDM networks." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 17, no. 12 (December 2005): 2787–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2005.859176.

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19

Dai, Daoxin, and John E. Bowers. "Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0021.

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Анотація:

AbstractAn effective solution to enhance the capacity of an optical-interconnect link is utilizing advanced multiplexing technologies, like wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM), polarization-division multiplexing (PDM), spatial-division multiplexing (SDM), bi-directional multiplexing, etc. On-chip (de)multiplexers are necessary as key components for realizing these multiplexing systems and they are desired to have small footprints due to the limited physical space for on-chip optical interconnects. As silicon photonics has provided a very attractive platform to build ultrasmall photonic integrated devices with CMOS-compatible processes, in this paper we focus on the discussion of silicon-based (de)multiplexers, including WDM filters, PDM devices, and SDM devices. The demand of devices to realize a hybrid multiplexing technology (combining WDM, PDM and SDM) as well as a bidirectional multiplexing technologies are also discussed to achieve Peta-bit optical interconnects.

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20

Ahmed, N., S. A. Aljunid, Hilal A. Fadil, R. B. Ahmad, and M. A. Rashid. "Hybrid OCDMA over WDM System Using Modified Double Weight (MDW) Code for Optical Access Network." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 3878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.3878.

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In this paper a hybrid optical code division multiple access (OCDMA) over wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) network is proposed to support large number of subscribers. The system combines two different techniques, namely OCDMA and WDM for supporting many subscribers simultaneously. We used modified double weight (MDW) codes as a signature address in designing the system because this code can accommodate more number of simultaneous active users under considerable standard bit error rate (e.g. ≤ 10-9). The induced MDW code for hybrid system can eliminate multiuser interference fully and increase the bit-error-rate performance compared to other codes at the same time. We ascertained by simulation results that the proposed scheme provides very good performance and enhance the network capability. Therefore, this system can be considered as a promising solution for the next generation optical access network.

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21

Apoorva, Priyanka, Himanshu Wadhwa, and Gurjit Kaur. "Performance Analysis of Hybrid Optical Amplifiers for 32 Channel WDM System at 10 Gbps Bit Rate for WAN Applications." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0139.

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Abstract In this paper, we have simulated an optical 32 channel WDM system with 10 Gbps data rate for various hybrid amplifiers at varying lengths. Stand-alone EDFA gives better performance than other individual amplifiers but when hybrid with Raman amplifier, the performance of the WDM system is enhanced. A lot of researchers are working on the hybrid amplifiers like EDFA and Raman. In this research paper we have also included latest amplifier such as Ytterbium and Praseodymium amplifiers and the performance of the various hybrid combinations is compared. So, different hybrid amplifiers such as Raman-EDFA, EDFA-Yb, Raman-Yb, EDFA-Pr and Raman-Pr have been analyzed for performance parameters like quality factor, bit error rate, eye height and channel power. The analysis shows that EDFA-Pr has maximum Q-factor of 15.4883 at 80 km. EDFA-Pr has a maximum eye opening of 0.00534 at 80 km of length but at 120 km transmission distance EDFA-Yb shows maximum eye opening of 0.00154. Below 100 km of transmission distance, EDFA-Pr shows minimum BER value ranging from 10–54 to 10–20 but as the length is increased above 100 km EDFA-Yb shows better performance with values ranging from 10–16 to 10–09.

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22

Chen, Baobao, Junfan Chen, Yi Zhao, and Shiming Gao. "Silicon-based on-chip all-optical wavelength conversion for two-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signals." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 28, no. 04 (December 2019): 1950034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863519500346.

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A silicon-based all-optical wavelength conversion (AOWC) chip is proposed and designed for two-dimensional hybrid multiplexing signals, including mode-division multiplexing (MDM) and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). The AOWC chip is structured by mode (de) multiplexers and highly nonlinear silicon waveguide. Tapered directional coupler-based mode (de) multiplexers are used to convert between TE[Formula: see text] and TE[Formula: see text] modes for the signal and pump. The AOWC function is realized using the four-wave mixing (FWM) effect in the multimode silicon waveguide. The on-chip conversion efficiencies are simulated to be [Formula: see text]20.66[Formula: see text]dB and [Formula: see text]20.77[Formula: see text]dB for the TE[Formula: see text] and TE[Formula: see text] mode signals, respectively. The bandwidth is 68.2[Formula: see text]nm, which can support 170 MDM-WDM (85 wavelengths [Formula: see text] 2 modes) hybrid multiplexing channels.

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23

Pham, Tu V. M., Thang V. Nguyen, Nga T. T. Nguyen, Thu A. Pham, Hien T. T. Pham, and Ngoc T. Dang. "Performance Analysis of Hybrid Fiber/FSO Backhaul Downlink over WDM-PON Impaired by Four-Wave Mixing." Journal of Optical Communications 41, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0127.

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Abstract In this paper, we examine the hybrid optical fiber (OF)/free-space optics (FSO) architecture for a backhaul downlink over a wavelength-division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON). The hybrid backhaul architecture is able to provide not only high-data-rate but also flexibility and quick deployment. The performance analysis is carried out for the hybrid OF/FSO backhaul downlink over a four-wavelength WDM-PON under the effect of four-wave mixing (FWM). The impact of atmospheric turbulence-induced fading and major noise components, including amplifier’s noise, shot noise, beat noise, background noise, and thermal noise, is also taken into account. The numerical results show that, although high transmitted power and amplifier’s gain at the transmitter side help to mitigate the impact of noise and fading, they should be limited to a specific value to avoid the influence of FWM. Therefore, the use of amplifier or avalanche photodiode at the receiver side would be a better solution to keep the bit-error rate (BER) at the low levels.

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24

Hsu, Ching-Hsuan, Syu-Yang Jiang, Shang-En Hsieh, Chien-Hung Yeh, Yu-Ting Lai, Lan-Yin Chen, Shien-Kuei Liaw, and Chi-Wai Chow. "Hybrid Self-Protected Fiber-FSO WDM-PON System with Fiber Breakage Prevention." Photonics 9, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9110822.

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Анотація:

In this research, we present and design a blended wavelength-division-multiplexing passive optical network (WDM-PON) architecture to deliver both baseband and free-space optical (FSO) signals by using two wavelength bands over an available bandwidth to avoid the signal interference. Only using few additional components in the optical line termination (OLT) and optical network unit (ONU)/optical wireless unit (OWU) can achieve self-protected operation in the presented hybrid fiber-FSO access network against fiber breakage. In the measurement, eight WDM wavelengths with 24.3 Gbit/s on-off keying (OOK) modulation format are applied to verify and discuss the bit error rate (BER) performances of baseband and FSO signals, respectively, through 25 km fiber and 2 m wireless FSO connections. Therefore, the presented PON not only can deliver both baseband and FSO traffics, but can also provide a self-restored mechanism against fiber fault.

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25

Ding, Qingan, Li Zheng, Huixin Liu, Junkai Li, Xiaohan Guo, Xudong Cheng, Zhenfei Dai, Qunying Yang, and Jun Li. "Design and Performance Analysis of Hybrid Multidimensional OAM-DM-WDM-OFDM-PON System with High-Capacity and Long-Distance Transmission." Photonics 9, no. 7 (June 27, 2022): 448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9070448.

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Анотація:

Orbital angular momentum (OAM) with mutually orthogonal advantage attribute to break through the high capacity and long-reach transmission limited in the classical passive optical network (PON). Employing Laguerre Gaussian (LG) mode as the orthogonal OAM excitation, a more dimensional multiplexing PON system is proposed to creatively hybridize OAM division multiplexing (OAM-DM) based on wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). By utilizing the compatibility of OAM-DM and WDM, data of 40 Gbit/s OFDM signals is successfully transmitted in 80 km multimode fiber (MMF) with low crosstalk. Within this hybrid system, the effects of different wavelengths and different modes on the bit error rate (BER) are discussed at varying transmission distances. Moreover, the performance of several subsystems carrying quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), on-off keying (OOK), and OFDM modulation signals is also compared at a BER less than 3.8×10−3. It is observed that the proposed OAM-DM-WDM-OFDM-PON system has favorable performance, which is a reasonable solution for large-capacity PON architecture.

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26

Shi, Yutao, Ammar Armghan, Farman Ali, Khaled Aliqab, and Meshari Alsharari. "Enriching Capacity and Transmission of Hybrid WDM-FSO Link for 5G Mobility." Photonics 10, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020121.

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Анотація:

A dramatic increase in user and capacity demands has been noted after the Covid-19 pandemic. These challenges have damaged the 5G communication system mobility. Therefore, developing mobility and enhancing capacity transmission of 5G advanced services are the focused research gaps in the current era. In this paper, the free space optics (FSO) link is modeled with wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technology based optical fiber system, purposing to enhance the 5G capabilities in multi-channel, high distance, and bidirectional transmissions. In addition, the presented hybrid FSO-WDM supported optical fiber network is analyzed for 4, 8, and 16× 10Gbps downlink and uplink transmission. The paper also includes the mathematical discussion of merged fiber length (SMF=30 km) and FSO (600 m) with improved mobility management. In another contribution, the tolerance against Rayleigh backscattering (RB) noises is developed through various wavelengths of downlink and uplink channels. Finally, we perform the simulation analysis and reliability of the proposed structure for the 5G advanced communication system.

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27

Verma, Deepika, Rahul Bosu, and Shanthi Prince. "Performance Investigation of WDM based hybrid RF-FSO Link with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles based Optical Relays." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2335, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2335/1/012015.

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Анотація:

Abstract The paper presents the design of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) based hybrid radio frequency-free space optical communication (RF-FSOC) system for high data rate transmission in the scenarios where the direct line-of-sight (LOS) view between the end-to-end communication nodes is unavailable. As such, a simulation model of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) based parallel relaying mechanism incorporating amplify and reflection (AR) technique is presented for establishing a point-to-point FSOC link between UAV and ground base station. Furthermore, the power spectral characteristics of the WDM optical signals modulated by 8-PAM signalling scheme at the transmitter node of the proposed model is simulated and analysed in the Optisystem 16. The simulation results illustrate that the overall link length of the proposed UAV based hybrid system with 1 Gbps data rate and transmitted beam divergence angle of 10 mrad extends upto a maximum range of 200 m in light fog condition.

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28

Subhashini, N., and A. Brintha Therese. "Performance Analysis of Different Electrical Filters in 10G Hybrid Passive Optical Network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 4 (July 4, 2018): 6652. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i4.15758.

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With growing number of applications and network traffic, optic fibers are extensively used in the access part of the network. Passive Optical Networks (PON) in particular, Ethernet PON (EPON) networks based on Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) are more prominently used in many parts of the world. Though Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) PON has its own advantages, considering the cost and utilisation of such networks in the access part makes it less useful. On the other hand, Hybrid PON network combines the advantages of both EPON and WDM PON Networks. The objective of this paper is to identify suitable electrical filters for a 16-channel Hybrid Passive Optical Network with a transmission rate of 10Gbps per channel, by analysing their performance in terms of Q factor and Bit Error Rate. Different filters like the Bessel filter, Gaussian filter, Raised Cosine Filter, Rectangular filter, Butterworth filter, Chebyshev Filter are compared and their performances are evaluated. DB Modulation format that provides a longer reach is used at the transmitter to evaluate the different scenarios and the simulation is carried out using Optisystem.

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29

Mutafungwa, Edward. "Comparative analysis of the traffic performance of fiber-impairment limited WDM and hybrid OCDM/WDM networks." Photonic Network Communications 13, no. 1 (September 9, 2006): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00022062.

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Mutafungwa, Edward. "Comparative analysis of the traffic performance of fiber-impairment limited WDM and hybrid OCDM/WDM networks." Photonic Network Communications 13, no. 1 (September 9, 2006): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11107-006-0014-5.

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31

Singhal, Ankur, and Charanjeet Singh. "Performance Enhancement for Hybrid WDM-TDM Passive Optical Networks." Indian Journal of Science and Technology 10, no. 18 (May 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2017/v10i18/112519.

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周, 星辰. "Investigation of FSK_ASK Hybrid Modulation Format for OPS-WDM." Optoelectronics 11, no. 04 (2021): 197–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.12677/oe.2021.114023.

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Lu, Hai-Han, Hsiang-Chun Peng, Wen-Shing Tsai, Chun-Cheng Lin, Shah-Jye Tzeng, and Yi-Zsai Lin. "Bidirectional hybrid CATV/radio-over-fiber WDM transport system." Optics Letters 35, no. 3 (January 21, 2010): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.35.000279.

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34

Singh, Sunil Pratap, Abhinay Kumar Sharma, and Nar Singh. "Crosstalk reduction in WDM systems using hybrid amplification technique." Optics Communications 285, no. 19 (September 2012): 3931–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2012.05.050.

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35

Malik, Deepak, Geeta Kaushik, and Amit Wason. "Performance evaluation of hybrid optical amplifiers in WDM system." Journal of Optics 47, no. 3 (June 22, 2018): 396–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12596-018-0470-1.

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36

N, Subhashini, and Brintha Therese A. "Long Reach and High Capacity Hybrid Passive Optical Network." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 11, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 891. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v11.i3.pp891-897.

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<p>A number of applications are growing day by day and so the traffic. The need for bandwidth is also increasing at a rapid rate. The bandwidth and speed with which data can be transferred was very less when compared to core networks. The access network which was once a bottleneck is no longer so because of use of optic fiber (FTTH networks). A number of variants of Passive Optical Network (PON) have been proposed like the WDM PON and the Hybrid PON. Hybrid PON is a combination of TDM PON and WDM PON and is advantageous over WDMPON. This paper focuses on high capacity networks that can provide high data rate and long reach in the access part of the network. NRZ modulation format is normally used for transmission. We consider the advantages provided by the advanced modulation formats like DPSK. This modulation format is used to here and its benefits are evaluated in Hybrid PON network to increase the capacity and the reach of the network. Parameters like the BER and the Q factors are analysed using Optisystem Software. Distortion and the phenomena of dispersion can limit the performance of such a system. Hence Dispersion compensation mechanisms like the Dispersion Compensation Fiber (DCF) are used in the system to transmit data over large distance.</p>

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37

Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki Rashed, Abd-Elnaser A. Mohammed Abd-Elnaser A. Mohammed, and Osama M. A. Dardeer Osama M. A. Dardeer. "Performance evaluation of a WDM/OCDM based hybrid optical switch utilizing efficient resource allocation." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 5 (2014): 050602–50607. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.050602.

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38

Zhang, Ning. "Control and Operation to Hybrid Optical Network." Advanced Materials Research 186 (January 2011): 576–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.186.576.

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In this paper, a novel hybrid optical network system is presented. The continuing increase of data traffic keeps the pressure on the backbone telecommunication networks requiring more diverse and more intelligent allocation of capacity. Optical networking has become a key technology in accommodating the rapidly expanding Internet traffic. Hybrid nodes are now playing a key role in optical networks by facilitating efficient traffic management. New optical networks are expected to support the increasing network load by employing both sophisticated transmission (wavelength division multiplexing division (WDM)) and switching technologies (optical switches and cross-connects). This study will explain how the hybrid nodes achieve with different network models and make it operation through innovative technical designs.

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39

Hayal, Mohammed R., Bedir B. Yousif, and Mohamed A. Azim. "Performance Enhancement of DWDM-FSO Optical Fiber Communication Systems Based on Hybrid Modulation Techniques under Atmospheric Turbulence Channel." Photonics 8, no. 11 (October 22, 2021): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8110464.

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In this paper, we enhance the performance efficiency of the free-space optical (FSO) communication link using the hybrid on-off keying (OOK) modulation, M-ary digital pulse position modulation (M-ary DPPM), and M-pulse amplitude and position modulation (M-PAPM). This work analyzes and enhances the bit error rate (BER) performance of the moment generating function, modified Chernoff bound, and Gaussian approximation techniques. In the existence of both an amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise, atmospheric turbulence (AT) channels, and interchannel crosstalk (ICC), we propose a system model of the passive optical network (PON) wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) technique for a dense WDM (DWDM) based on the hybrid fiber FSO (HFFSO) link. We use eight wavelength channels that have been transmitted at a data rate of 2.5 Gbps over a turbulent HFFSO-DWDM system and PON-FSO optical fiber start from 1550 nm channel spacing in the C-band of 100 GHz. The results demonstrate (2.5 Gbps × 8 channels) 20 Gbit/s-4000 m transmission with favorable performance. In this design, M-ary DPPM-M-PAPM modulation is used to provide extra information bits to increase performance. We also propose to incorporate adaptive optics to mitigate the AT effect and improve the modulation efficiency. We investigate the impact of the turbulence effect on the proposed system performance based on OOK-M-ary PAPM-DPPM modulation as a function of M-ary DPPM-PAPM and other atmospheric parameters. The proposed M-ary hybrid DPPM-M-PAPM solution increases the receiver sensitivity compared to OOK, improves the reliability and achieves a lower power penalty of 0.2–3.0 dB at low coding level (M) 2 in the WDM-FSO systems for the weak turbulence. The OOK/M-ary hybrid DPPM-M-PAPM provides an optical signal-to-noise ratio of about 4–8 dB of the DWDM-HFFSO link for the strong turbulence at a target BER of 10−12. The numerical results indicate that the proposed design can be enhanced with the hybrid OOK/M-DPPM and M-PAPM for DWDM-HFFSO systems. The calculation results show that PAPM-DPPM has increased about 10–11 dB at BER of 10−12 more than the OOK-NRZ approach. The simulation results show that the proposed hybrid optical modulation technique can be used in the DWDM-FSO hybrid links for optical-wireless and fiber-optic communication systems, significantly increasing their efficiency. Finally, the use of the hybrid OOK/M-ary DPPM-M-PAPM modulation schemes is a new technique to reduce the AT, ICC, ASE noise for the DWDM-FSO optical fiber communication systems.

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40

Yin, Yuxiang, Hang Yu, Donghe Tu, Xingrui Huang, Zhiguo Yu, Huan Guan, and Zhiyong Li. "A Silicon-Based On-Chip 64-Channel Hybrid Wavelength- and Mode-Division (de)Multiplexer." Photonics 10, no. 2 (February 8, 2023): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10020183.

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An on-chip 64-channel hybrid (de)multiplexer for wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) is designed and demonstrated on a 220 nm SOI platform for the demands of large capacity optical interconnections. The designed hybrid (de)multiplexer includes a 4-channel mode (de)multiplexer and 16-channel wavelength-division (de)multiplexers. The mode (de)multiplexer is comprised of cascaded asymmetric directional couplers supporting coupling between fundamental TE mode and higher-order modes with low crosstalks in a wide wavelength range. The wavelength-division (de)multiplexers consist of two bi-directional micro-ring resonator arrays for four 16-channel WDM signals. Micro-heaters are placed on the micro-resonators for thermal tuning. According to the experimental results, the excess loss is <3.9 dB in one free spectral range from 1522 nm to 1552 nm and <5.6 dB in three free spectral ranges from 1493 nm to 1583 nm. The intermode crosstalks are −23.2 dB to −33.2 dB, and the isolations between adjacent and nonadjacent wavelength channels are about −17.1 dB and −22.3 dB, respectively. The thermal tuning efficiency is ∼2.22 mW/nm over one free spectral range.

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41

Jia, Hao, Shanglin Yang, Ting Zhou, Sizhu Shao, Xin Fu, Lei Zhang, and Lin Yang. "WDM-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip." Nanophotonics 8, no. 5 (April 27, 2019): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0005.

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AbstractThe development of optical interconnect techniques greatly expands the communication bandwidth and decreases the power consumption at the same time. It provides a prospective solution for both intra-chip and inter-chip links. Herein reported is an integrated wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM)-compatible multimode optical switching system-on-chip (SoC) for large-capacity optical switching among processors. The interfaces for the input and output of the processor signals are electrical, and the on-chip data transmission and switching process are optical. It includes silicon-based microring optical modulator arrays, mode multiplexers/de-multiplexers, optical switches, microring wavelength de-multiplexers and germanium-silicon high-speed photodetectors. By introducing external multi-wavelength laser sources, the SoC achieved the function of on-chip WDM and mode-division multiplexing (MDM) hybrid-signal data transmission and switching on a standard silicon photonics platform. As a proof of concept, signals with a 25 Gbps data rate are implemented on each microring modulator of the fabricated SoC. We illustrated 25 × 3 × 2 Gbps on-chip data throughput with two-by-two multimode switching functionality through implementing three wavelength-channels and two mode-channel hybrid-multiplexed signals for each multimode transmission waveguide. The architecture of the SoC is flexible to scale, both for the number of supported processors and the data throughput. The demonstration paves the way to a large-capacity multimode optical switching SoC.

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42

Lohani, Varsha, and R. S. Prasad R.S.Prasad. "Design and Simulation of Hybrid WDM/TDM Passive Optical Network." International Journal of Computer Applications 119, no. 6 (June 18, 2015): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5120/21074-3749.

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43

Wang, Chonggang, Wei Wei, Weiyi Zhang, Hongbo Jiang, Chunming Qiao, and Ting Wang. "Optimal Wavelength Scheduling for Hybrid WDM/TDM Passive Optical Networks." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 3, no. 6 (May 26, 2011): 522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.3.000522.

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44

Truong, Dieu Linh, Phan Thuan Do, and Anh T. Pham. "Optimization of Survivable Mesh Long-Reach Hybrid WDM-TDM PONs." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 6, no. 1 (December 18, 2013): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.6.000062.

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45

Soo-Jin Park, Young-Bok Choi, Seung Pil Jung, Keun Young Cho, Y. Takushima, and Yun Chur Chung. "Hybrid WDM/TDMA-PON Using Self-Homodyne and Differential Coding." IEEE Photonics Technology Letters 21, no. 7 (April 2009): 465–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lpt.2009.2013357.

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46

Kaur, Gaganpreet, Gurmeet Kaur, and Sanjay Sharma. "Multisection optical parametric–Raman hybrid amplifier for terabit+ WDM systems." Journal of Modern Optics 63, no. 9 (November 2015): 819–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09500340.2015.1104390.

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47

Das, Goutam, Bart Lannoo, Abhishek Dixit, Didier Colle, Mario Pickavet, and Piet Demeester. "Flexible hybrid WDM/TDM PON architectures using wavelength selective switches." Optical Switching and Networking 9, no. 2 (April 2012): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.osn.2011.11.005.

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48

Zhang, Xiaoning, Lemin Li, Sheng Wang, and Dan Liao. "OHS: A Novel hybrid survivability approach for WDM mesh networks." AEU - International Journal of Electronics and Communications 63, no. 8 (August 2009): 708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aeue.2008.05.011.

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49

Goto, A., S. Nakamura, K. Kurata, K. Komatsu, and S. Ishikawa. "Hybrid WDM transmitter/receiver module using alignment free assembly techniques." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging, and Manufacturing Technology: Part B 21, no. 2 (May 1998): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/96.673701.

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50

Huang, Jin, Kun Qiu, Bo Xu, and Yun Ling. "Design of a hybrid switching architecture for avionic WDM platforms." Optoelectronics Letters 10, no. 1 (January 2014): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11801-014-3166-z.

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