Статті в журналах: "Hybrid systems for energy production"

1

Nifenecker, H. "Hybrid nuclear systems for energy production and waste management." Nuclear Physics News 4, no. 2 (January 1994): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10506899408222879.

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2

Park, Seunghyun, and Surender Reddy Salkuti. "Optimal Energy Management of Railroad Electrical Systems with Renewable Energy and Energy Storage Systems." Sustainability 11, no. 22 (November 8, 2019): 6293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11226293.

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The proposed optimal energy management system balances the energy flows among the energy consumption by accelerating trains, energy production from decelerating trains, energy from wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) energy systems, energy storage systems, and the energy exchange with a traditional electrical grid. In this paper, an AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem is formulated by optimizing the total cost of operation of a railroad electrical system. The railroad system considered in this paper is composed of renewable energy resources such as wind and solar PV systems, regenerative braking capabilities, and hybrid energy storage systems. The hybrid energy storage systems include storage batteries and supercapacitors. The uncertainties associated with wind and solar PV powers are handled using probability distribution functions. The proposed optimization problem is solved using the differential evolution algorithm (DEA). The simulation results show the suitability and effectiveness of proposed approach.

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3

Tee, Pei Fang, Mohammad Omar Abdullah, Ivy Ai Wei Tan, Nur Khairunnisa Abdul Rashid, Mohamed Afizal Mohamed Amin, Cirilo Nolasco-Hipolito, and Kopli Bujang. "Review on hybrid energy systems for wastewater treatment and bio-energy production." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 54 (February 2016): 235–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2015.10.011.

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4

Lew, Roger, Thomas A. Ulrich, and Ronald L. Boring. "Rancor Hybrid Energy System Microworld." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 1760–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641426.

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Transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources will require a diverse energy portfolio to ensure a reliable and resilient electrical grid. Renewable sources are proliferating but are intermittent and low periods of low production must be offset by other energy generators. When renewable demand is high baseload generators must scale back or utilize energy for other sources such as hydrogen production. Hybrid energy systems such as nuclear thermolysis hydrogen production could play a critical role for our energy future. Hydrogen is critical for manufacturing fertilizer as well as other industrial processes. Here we describe the development of a human system interface for a micro-reactor thermal storage hydrogen production system. The development of the interface parallels the engineering of a physical test-loop known as the Thermal Energy Delivery System (TEDS) at Idaho National Laboratory.

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5

Elia, Stefano, and Vincenzo Tiberi. "Dimensioning and efficiency evaluation of hybrid solar systems for energy production." Thermal Science 12, no. 3 (2008): 127–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0803127e.

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Nowadays hybrid panels for joint production of thermal and electrical energy are available on the market. The main contribution of this work is to evaluate the performances of hybrid systems and to determine the field of application. Mathematical models of panels are considered to evaluate thermal and electrical behavior of the problem. A software produced by the authors is shown that calculates the energy production of these devices in several operating situations; a comparison to that of photovoltaic and thermal systems is performed. Moreover, the economic validity of a such investment is evaluated. Finally a simplified criterion has been developed to calculate the best subdivision of the available deployment surface among thermal, photovoltaic, and hybrid panels.

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6

Pinsky, Roxanne, Piyush Sabharwall, Jeremy Hartvigsen, and James O’Brien. "Comparative review of hydrogen production technologies for nuclear hybrid energy systems." Progress in Nuclear Energy 123 (May 2020): 103317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2020.103317.

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7

Elia, S., and V. Tiberi. "Dimensioning and Efficiency Evaluation of Hybrid Solar Systems for Energy Production." Cogeneration & Distributed Generation Journal 23, no. 4 (September 2008): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15453660809509154.

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8

Akarsu, Beyhan, and Mustafa Serdar Genç. "Optimization of electricity and hydrogen production with hybrid renewable energy systems." Fuel 324 (September 2022): 124465. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124465.

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9

Liu, Dichen, Chenxu Wang, Fei Tang, and Yixi Zhou. "Probabilistic Assessment of Hybrid Wind-PV Hosting Capacity in Distribution Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 11, 2020): 2183. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062183.

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In recent years, hybrid wind-photovoltaic (PV) systems are flourishing due to their advantages in the utilization of renewable energy. However, the accurate assessment of the maximum integration of hybrid renewable generation is problematic because of the complex uncertainties of source and demand. To address this issue, we develop a stochastic framework for the quantification of hybrid energy hosting capacity. In the proposed framework, historical data sets are adopted to represent the stochastic nature of production and demand. Moreover, extreme combinations of production and demand are introduced to avoid multiple load flow calculations. The proposed framework is conducted in the IEEE 33-bus system to evaluate both single and hybrid energy hosting capacity. The results demonstrate that the stochastic framework can provide accurate evaluations of hosting capacity while significantly reducing the computational burden. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of hybrid wind-PV hosting capacity and verifies the excellent performance of the hybrid energy system in facilitating integration and energy utilization.

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10

Fikru, Mahelet G., Gregory Gelles, Ana-Maria Ichim, and Joseph D. Smith. "Notes on the Economics of Residential Hybrid Energy System." Energies 12, no. 14 (July 10, 2019): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12142639.

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Despite advances in small-scale hybrid renewable energy technologies, there are limited economic frameworks that model the different decisions made by a residential hybrid system owner. We present a comprehensive review of studies that examine the techno-economic feasibility of small-scale hybrid energy systems, and we find that the most common approach is to compare the annualized life-time costs to the expected energy output and choose the system with the lowest cost per output. While practical, this type of benefit–cost analysis misses out on other production and consumption decisions that are simultaneously made when adopting a hybrid energy system. In this paper, we propose a broader and more robust theoretical framework—based on production and utility theory—to illustrate how the production of renewable energy from multiple sources affects energy efficiency, energy services, and energy consumption choices in the residential sector. Finally, we discuss how the model can be applied to guide a hybrid-prosumer’s decision-making in the US residential sector. Examining hybrid renewable energy systems within a solid economic framework makes the study of hybrid energy more accessible to economists, facilitating interdisciplinary collaborations.

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11

Kallio, Sonja, and Monica Siroux. "A Review – Renewable energy based micro-cogeneration and hybrid energy systems." E3S Web of Conferences 294 (2021): 01004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129401004.

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To reduce carbon and greenhouse gas emissions, the more efficient and environmentally friendly energy production in the building sector is required. The deployment of renewable energy based microcogeneration units in the decentralized hybrid energy systems is a part of the solution. The micro combined heat and power (micro-CHP), or co-generation, units produce simultaneously heat and electricity from a single fuel source at high efficiency and close to the consumption point. These units offer significant benefits: reduced primary energy consumption, reduced CO2 emissions, and avoidance of distribution losses due to central plant and network construction. The objective of this paper is to present a review of available renewable energy based micro-CHP systems and to focus on the biomass and solar based conversion devices. Finally, a novel hybrid renewable energy system is presented by coupling renewable energy sources, such as solar and biomass for micro-CHP.

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12

Panchal, C. B., and K. J. Bell. "Simultaneous Production of Desalinated Water and Power Using a Hybrid-Cycle OTEC Plant." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 2 (May 1, 1987): 156–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268193.

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A systems study for simultaneous production of desalinated water and electric power using the hybrid-cycle OTEC system was carried out. The hybrid cycle is a combination of open and closed-cycle OTEC systems. A 10 MWe shore-based hybrid-cycle OTEC plant was discussed and corresponding operating parameters were presented. Design and plant operating criteria for adjusting the ratio of water production to power generation was described and their effects on the total system were evaluated. The systems study showed technical advantages of the hybrid-cycle power system as compared to other leading OTEC systems for simultaneous production of desalinated water and electric power generation.

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13

Wang, Xiaonan, Nael H. El-Farra, and Ahmet Palazoglu. "Optimal scheduling of demand responsive industrial production with hybrid renewable energy systems." Renewable Energy 100 (January 2017): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.05.051.

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14

Li, Lanyu, Zhiyi Yao, Siming You, Chi-Hwa Wang, Clive Chong, and Xiaonan Wang. "Optimal design of negative emission hybrid renewable energy systems with biochar production." Applied Energy 243 (June 2019): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.183.

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15

Touré, Amadou, Sid Addouche, Fadaba Danioko, Badié Diourté, and Abderrahman Mhamedi. "Hybrid Systems Optimization: Application to Hybrid Systems Photovoltaic Connected to Grid. A Mali Case Study." Sustainability 11, no. 8 (April 19, 2019): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11082356.

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Access to electricity and supplying reliable energy are the key elements that support local economic development and contribute to reducing poverty. Moreover, the problem of environmental protection can be considered as a factor of sustainable development. In response to these many challenges, appropriate national and regional policies, as well as mechanisms, have been implemented. In Mali, strong dependence on the importation of oil, growth in demand, and the low rate of electrification have pushed the highest authorities to think of diversified technological solutions like renewable energy for the satisfaction of energy demands, especially photovoltaics, for which the country has significant potential. The hybrid systems used is a compromise, because the emission rate of carbon dioxide emitted by thermal power plants must be reduced and limited to preserve supernatural disasters. For this, hybrid photovoltaic systems coupled to the grid increased, but the management of the production of these photovoltaics poses a lot of problem due to its intermittent status. It is in this context that we conducted an optimization study of a hybrid system photovoltaic connected to the grid. We applied our approach to the most extensive distribution post of Mali capital. For the simulation, we used the modeling and simulation tool named HOMER.

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16

Basurto, Nuño, Ángel Arroyo, Rafael Vega, Héctor Quintián, José Luis Calvo-Rolle, and Álvaro Herrero. "A Hybrid Intelligent System to forecast solar energy production." Computers & Electrical Engineering 78 (September 2019): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2019.07.023.

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17

ATTOU, Nasreddine, Sid-Ahmed ZIDI, Mohamed KHATIR, and Samir HADJERI. "Energy Management System for Hybrid Microgrids." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 21–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.2.1108003.

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Energy management in grid-connected Micro-grids (MG) has undergone rapid evolution in recent times due to several factors such as environmental issues, increasing energy demand and the opening of the electricity market. The Energy Management System (EMS) allows the optimal scheduling of energy resources and energy storage systems in MG in order to maintain the balance between supply and demand at low cost. The aim is to minimize peaks and fluctuations in the load and production profile on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to make the most of renewable energy sources and energy exchanges with the utility grid. In this paper, our attention has been focused on a Rule-based energy management system (RB EMS) applied to a residential multi-source grid-connected MG. A Microgrid model has been implemented that combines distributed energy sources (PV, WT, BESS), a number of EVs equipped with the Vehicle to Grid technology (V2G) and variable load. Different operational scenarios were developed to see the behaviour of the implemented management system during the day, including the random demand profile of EV users, the variation in load and production, grid electricity price variation. The simulation results presented in this paper demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested EMS and confirm the strategy's feasibility as well as its ability to properly share power among different sources, loads and vehicles by obeying constraints on each element.

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Esfandi, Saeed, Simin Baloochzadeh, Mohammad Asayesh, Mehdi Ali Ehyaei, Abolfazl Ahmadi, Amir Arsalan Rabanian, Biplab Das, Vitor A. F. Costa, and Afshin Davarpanah. "Energy, Exergy, Economic, and Exergoenvironmental Analyses of a Novel Hybrid System to Produce Electricity, Cooling, and Syngas." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 6, 2020): 6453. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236453.

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Efficient solar and wind energy to electricity conversion technologies are the best alternatives to reduce the use of fossil fuels and to evolve towards a green and decarbonized world. As the conventional photovoltaic systems use only the 600–1100 nm wavelength range of the solar radiation spectrum for electricity production, hybrid systems taking advantage of the overall solar radiation spectrum are gaining increasing interest. Moreover, such hybrid systems can produce, in an integrated and combined way, electricity, heating, cooling, and syngas through thermochemical processes. They have thus the huge potential for use in residential applications. The present work proposes a novel combined and integrated system for residential applications including wind turbines and a solar dish collector for renewables energy harvesting, an organic Rankine cycle for power production, an absorption chiller for cold production, and a methanation plant for CH4 production from captured CO2. This study deals with the energy, exergy, economic, and exergoenvironmental analyses of the proposed hybrid combined system, to assess its performance, viability, and environmental impact when operating in Tehran. Additionally, it gives a clear picture of how the production pattern of each useful product depends on the patterns of the collection of available renewable energies. Results show that the rate of methane production of this hybrid system changes from 42 up to 140 Nm3/month, due to CO2 consumption from 44 to 144 Nm3/month during a year. Moreover, the energy and exergy efficiencies of this hybrid system vary from 24.7% and 23% to 9.1% and 8%, respectively. The simple payback period of this hybrid system is 15.6 and the payback period of the system is 21.4 years.

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19

Robba, Michela, and Mansueto Rossi. "Optimal Control of Hybrid Systems and Renewable Energies." Energies 15, no. 1 (December 23, 2021): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15010078.

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20

Manoj, Konapura Nagaraja, Bommalapura Gundanaik Shekara, Shankarappa Sridhara, Mudalagiriyappa, Nagesh Malasiddappa Chikkarugi, Pradeep Gopakkali, Prakash Kumar Jha, and P. V. Vara Prasad. "Carbon Footprint Assessment and Energy Budgeting of Different Annual and Perennial Forage Cropping Systems: A Study from the Semi-Arid Region of Karnataka, India." Agronomy 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12081783.

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Efficient use of available resources in agricultural production is important to minimize carbon footprint considering the state of climate change. In this context, the current research was conducted to identify carbon and energy-efficient fodder cropping systems for sustainable livestock production. Annual monocropping, perennial monocropping, annual cereal + legume intercropping and perennial cereal + legume intercropping systems were evaluated by employing a randomized complete block design with three replications under field conditions. The lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) monocropping system recorded significantly lower carbon input (274 kg-CE ha−1 year−1) and showed higher carbon indices viz., carbon sustainability index (165.8), the carbon efficiency ratio (166.8) and carbon efficiency (347.5 kg kg-CE−1) over other systems. However, higher green fodder biomass led to statistically higher carbon output (78,542 kg-CE ha−1 year−1) in the Bajra–Napier hybrid (Pennisetum glaucum × Pennisetum purpureum) + lucerne perennial system. Similar to carbon input, lower input energy requirement (16,106 MJ ha−1 year−1) and nutrient energy ratio (25.7) were estimated with the lucerne perennial system. However, significantly higher energy output (376,345 and 357,011 MJ ha−1 year−1) and energy indices viz., energy use efficiency (13.3 and 12.2), energy productivity (5.8 and 5.3 kg MJ−1), net energy (327,811 and 347,961 MJ ha−1 year−1) and energy use efficiency (12.3 and 11.2) were recorded with Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume [lucerne and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)] cropping systems, respectively. However, these systems were on par with the lucerne monocropping system. Additionally, Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume [cowpea, sesbania (Sesbania grandiflora (L.) Pers.) and lucerne] cropping systems also showed higher human energy profitability. Concerning various inputs’ contribution to total carbon and energy input, chemical fertilizers were identified as the major contributors (73 and 47%), followed by farmyard manure (20 and 22%) used to cultivate crops, respectively, across the cropping systems. Extensive use of indirect (82%) and non-renewable energy sources (69%) was noticed compared to direct (18%) and renewable energy sources (31%). Overall, perennial monocropping and cereal + legume cropping systems performed well in terms of carbon and energy efficiency. However, in green biomass production and carbon and energy efficiency, Bajra–Napier hybrid + legume (lucerne and cowpea) cropping systems were identified as the best systems for climate-smart livestock feed production.

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Hann, Elizabeth C., Sean Overa, Marcus Harland-Dunaway, Andrés F. Narvaez, Dang N. Le, Martha L. Orozco-Cárdenas, Feng Jiao, and Robert E. Jinkerson. "A hybrid inorganic–biological artificial photosynthesis system for energy-efficient food production." Nature Food 3, no. 6 (June 2022): 461–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s43016-022-00530-x.

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AbstractArtificial photosynthesis systems are proposed as an efficient alternative route to capture CO2 to produce additional food for growing global demand. Here a two-step CO2 electrolyser system was developed to produce a highly concentrated acetate stream with a 57% carbon selectivity (CO2 to acetate), allowing its direct use for the heterotrophic cultivation of yeast, mushroom-producing fungus and a photosynthetic green alga, in the dark without inputs from biological photosynthesis. An evaluation of nine crop plants found that carbon from exogenously supplied acetate incorporates into biomass through major metabolic pathways. Coupling this approach to existing photovoltaic systems could increase solar-to-food energy conversion efficiency by about fourfold over biological photosynthesis, reducing the solar footprint required. This technology allows for a reimagination of how food can be produced in controlled environments.

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22

Wang, Hong Jun, Kun Gao, Hui Zhao, and You Jun Yue. "Application of Hybrid Petri Net in Modeling of the Energy System in the Iron-Making Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 668-669 (October 2014): 454–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.668-669.454.

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Energy model is an important part to research energy system of iron and steel enterprise and the basis of energy saving. Based on the analysis of iron steel enterprise production process, material and energy employed in the iron-making process were extracted. According to the hybrid characteristics of energy systems in iron and steel enterprises, the hybrid Petri net was used for modeling material and energy of the iron-making process. The MATLAB simulation with the stateflow toolbox based on hybrid Petri net was given. The model was proved that it was able to provide further support to energy conservation and control in the actual production.

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23

Ozpinar, Sakine. "A comparative study on energy use of rice (Oryza Sativa L.) cultivars under mechanized cropping systems in West of Turkey." Poljoprivredna tehnika 47, no. 3 (2022): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poljteh2203023o.

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The study was performed energy analysis of mechanized rice production for two rice cultivars under a region, named Çanakkale, in West Turkey. The indicators are energy use efficiency, specific energy, energy productivity and net energy. The cultivars of rice commonly grown in the region are listed in two groups: native and high yield hybrid. Primary data were obtained through field survey with farmer's interviews face to face with a questionnaire in Biga, Ezine and centre districts, commonly rice cultivation areas in the region. Secondary data and energy equivalents were obtained from available literature using collected data of the production period of 2020-2021. Analysis of data showed that averagely diesel had the highest share within the total energy inputs as 46.46% and 45.72% for native and hybrid, respectively, followed by chemical fertilizers with 24.19%, and 23.80%, especially nitrogen. Water input was the third highest share with 11.29% and 11.60% for native and hybrid, respectively. Machinery input had fourth share in total, but it showed similar percentage with around 8.00% in both cultivars because of receiving similar machinery operations. Another high input was pesticides with around 4.00% because herbicides using is very high, especially for annual and perennial sedges and broadleaf weeds. Labour is the optimum level because of cultivation practices are usually performed by mechanical power. Net energy was found higher in hybrid cultivar with 101.41MJ ha-1 due to higher grain and straw yield than native with 84.01 MJ ha-1 . The energy use efficiency and energy productivity of nature cultivar were 2.3 and 0.12 kg∙MJ-1 , respectively, corresponding to increases of 2.5 and 0.13 kg∙MJ-1 in hybrid. With appropriate agronomic measures in rice production in the study area, higher yield of hybrid cultivar would necessarily lead to an increase in energy productivity and gain.

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Monforti Ferrario, Andrea, Andrea Bartolini, Gabriele Comodi, Stephen John McPhail, Francisca Segura Manzano, José Manuel Andujar, and Francisco José Vivas. "Optimal sizing of Battery and Hydrogen Energy Storage Systems configurations in a Hybrid Renewable Microgrid." E3S Web of Conferences 238 (2021): 09002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123809002.

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Considering the increasing penetration of variable and non-dispatchable renewable energy in worldwide electricity mixes, an increasing requirement for energy storage capacity is foreseen in order to decouple production and demand. Electrochemical battery systems and/or hydrogen systems (electrolysers and fuel cells) provide a suitable alternative to be implemented in local small-to-medium scale microgrid environments. The research aims to address the optimal sizing of an Energy Storage System composed of lead acid batteries and a hydrogen loop (electrolyser, compressed storage tank and fuel cell) within an actual hybrid renewable microgrid located in Huelva, Spain. The energy storage systems must couple the variable production of 15 kWp of solar PV systems and a 3 kWnom horizontal axis wind turbine to a real monitored residential load, which present a time-shifted power demand. By making use of previously developed and validated component models, three storage configurations (battery-only, hydrogen-only and hybrid batteryhydrogen) are assessed via parametrical variation in yearly simulations in hourly timestep, analysing the Loss of Load (LL) and Over Production (OP) output values. The results provide quantitative information regarding the optimal storage system capacity in each configuration providing valuable insight in terms of sizing of the energy storage systems in the long-term.

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Khoshgoftar Manesh, Mohammad Hasan, and Viviani Caroline Onishi. "Energy, Exergy, and Thermo-Economic Analysis of Renewable Energy-Driven Polygeneration Systems for Sustainable Desalination." Processes 9, no. 2 (January 23, 2021): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9020210.

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Reliable production of freshwater and energy is vital for tackling two of the most critical issues the world is facing today: climate change and sustainable development. In this light, a comprehensive review is performed on the foremost renewable energy-driven polygeneration systems for freshwater production using thermal and membrane desalination. Thus, this review is designed to outline the latest developments on integrated polygeneration and desalination systems based on multi-stage flash (MSF), multi-effect distillation (MED), humidification-dehumidification (HDH), and reverse osmosis (RO) technologies. Special attention is paid to innovative approaches for modelling, design, simulation, and optimization to improve energy, exergy, and thermo-economic performance of decentralized polygeneration plants accounting for electricity, space heating and cooling, domestic hot water, and freshwater production, among others. Different integrated renewable energy-driven polygeneration and desalination systems are investigated, including those assisted by solar, biomass, geothermal, ocean, wind, and hybrid renewable energy sources. In addition, recent literature applying energy, exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analysis is reviewed to establish a comparison between a range of integrated renewable-driven polygeneration and desalination systems.

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Șoimoșan, Teodora M., Ligia M. Moga, Livia Anastasiu, Daniela L. Manea, Aurica Căzilă, and Čedomir Zeljković. "Overall Efficiency of On-Site Production and Storage of Solar Thermal Energy." Sustainability 13, no. 3 (January 28, 2021): 1360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13031360.

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Harnessing renewable energy sources (RES) using hybrid systems for buildings is almost a deontological obligation for engineers and researchers in the energy field, and increasing the percentage of renewables within the energy mix represents an important target. In crowded urban areas, on-site energy production and storage from renewables can be a real challenge from a technical point of view. The main objectives of this paper are quantification of the impact of the consumer’s profile on overall energy efficiency for on-site storage and final use of solar thermal energy, as well as developing a multicriteria assessment in order to provide a methodology for selection in prioritizing investments. Buildings with various consumption profiles lead to achieving different values of performance indicators in similar configurations of storage and energy supply. In this regard, an analysis of the consumption profile’s impact on overall energy efficiency, achieved in the case of on-site generation and storage of solar thermal energy, was performed. The obtained results validate the following conclusion: On-site integration of solar systems allowed the consumers to use RES at the desired coverage rates, while restricted by on-site available mounting areas for solar fields and thermal storage, under conditions of high energy efficiencies. In order to segregate the results and support optimal selection, a multicriteria analysis was carried out, having as the main criteria the energy efficiency indicators achieved by hybrid heating systems.

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27

Kallio, Sonja, and Monica Siroux. "A Review – Home Renewable Energy Management Systems in Smart Grids." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1050, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1050/1/012001.

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Abstract This paper presents a review on the Home Energy Management Systems (HEMS) for renewable energy production and used optimization methods. The HEMS is an important Smart Grid application. It is used to monitor and optimally manage the energy flows in buildings including renewable energy production, energy storage and smart home appliances. In this paper, two different methods for the optimal HEMS are selected and compared: Model Predictive Control (MPC) and Reinforcement Learning (RL). As a conclusion, the RL method can overcome the disadvantages of the MCP in the highly dynamic environment of buildings and renewable energies, and is a promising method for HEMS in Smart Grids. Finally, an experimental set-up of the hybrid renewable energy system is presented and its operation is discussed under the Time-of-Use energy management strategy.

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28

Bartolucci, Lorenzo, Stefano Cordiner, Vincenzo Mulone, and Marina Santarelli. "Ancillary Services Provided by Hybrid Residential Renewable Energy Systems through Thermal and Electrochemical Storage Systems." Energies 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2429. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12122429.

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Energy Management System (EMS) optimal strategies have shown great potential to match the fluctuating energy production from renewables with an electric demand profile, which opens the way to a deeper penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) into the electric system. At a single building level, however, handling of different energy sources to fulfill both thermal and electric requirements is still a challenging task. The present work describes the potential of an EMS based on Model Predictive Control (MPC) strategies to both maximize the RES exploitation and serve as an ancillary service for the grid when a Heat Pump (HP) coupled with a Thermal Energy Storage (TES) is used in a residential Hybrid Renewable Energy System (HRES). Cost savings up to 30% as well as a reduction of the purchased energy unbalance with the grid (about 15%–20% depending on the season) have been achieved. Moreover, the thermal energy storage leads to a more efficient and reliable use of the Heat Pump by generally decreasing the load factor smoothing the power output. The proposed control strategy allows to have a more stable room temperature, with evident benefits also in terms of thermal comfort.

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Emec, S., P. Bilge, and G. Seliger. "Design of production systems with hybrid energy and water generation for sustainable value creation." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 17, no. 7 (July 25, 2015): 1807–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-015-0947-4.

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Samrat, Nahidul Hoque, Norhafizan Bin Ahmad, Imtiaz Ahmed Choudhury, and Zahari Bin Taha. "Modeling, Control, and Simulation of Battery Storage Photovoltaic-Wave Energy Hybrid Renewable Power Generation Systems for Island Electrification in Malaysia." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/436376.

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Today, the whole world faces a great challenge to overcome the environmental problems related to global energy production. Most of the islands throughout the world depend on fossil fuel importation with respect to energy production. Recent development and research on green energy sources can assure sustainable power supply for the islands. But unpredictable nature and high dependency on weather conditions are the main limitations of renewable energy sources. To overcome this drawback, different renewable sources and converters need to be integrated with each other. This paper proposes a standalone hybrid photovoltaic- (PV-) wave energy conversion system with energy storage. In the proposed hybrid system, control of the bidirectional buck-boost DC-DC converter (BBDC) is used to maintain the constant dc-link voltage. It also accumulates the excess hybrid power in the battery bank and supplies this power to the system load during the shortage of hybrid power. A three-phase complex vector control scheme voltage source inverter (VSI) is used to control the load side voltage in terms of the frequency and voltage amplitude. Based on the simulation results obtained from Matlab/Simulink, it has been found that the overall hybrid framework is capable of working under the variable weather and load conditions.

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Lemian, Diana, and Florin Bode. "Battery-Supercapacitor Energy Storage Systems for Electrical Vehicles: A Review." Energies 15, no. 15 (August 5, 2022): 5683. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15155683.

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The current worldwide energy directives are oriented toward reducing energy consumption and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. The exponential increase in the production of electrified vehicles in the last decade are an important part of meeting global goals on the climate change. However, while no greenhouse gas emissions directly come from the operations of the electrical vehicles, the electrical vehicle production process results in much higher energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions than in the case of a classical internal combustion vehicle; thus, to reduce the environment impact of electrified vehicles, they should be used for as long as possible. Using only batteries for electric vehicles can lead to a shorter battery life for certain applications, such as in the case of those with many stops and starts but not only in these cases. To increase the lifespan of the batteries, couplings between the batteries and the supercapacitors for the new electrical vehicles in the form of the hybrid energy storage systems seems to be the most appropriate way. For this, there are four different types of converters, including rectifiers, inverters, AC-AC converters, and DC-DC converters. For a hybrid energy storage system to operate consistently, effectively, and safely, an appropriate realistic controller technique must be used; at the moment, a few techniques are being used on the market.

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Alghamdi, Abdulrahman, and Talal S Mandourah. "Hybrid energy efficiency mapping in major Saudi locations using small wind turbine-solar systems." Journal of Engineering and Thermal Sciences 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 46–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21595/jets.2022.22740.

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The use of fossil fuels of all kinds, such as natural gas, coal and petroleum in energy production, is the main cause of environmental pollution from air, water and soil, which is the direct cause of acid rain, the destruction of forests, the acidity of lakes, and the extinction of many living creatures that could not resist what happened Burning this fuel is due to a change in the surrounding environment. From this, it becomes clear to us the need for new sources to produce clean energy that does not pollute the environment, and work must be developed on these new sources for use in the production of clean energy in the coming years. The purpose of this work is to determine the efficiency of vertical axis turbines to be among the components of a hybrid system (solar/wind) to generate electric power in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The work seeks to answer the research question, what is the efficiency of vertical axis turbines in generating electricity within a hybrid system (solar/wind) to generate electric power in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The aim of the work is to analyze the vertical axis turbines and determine efficiency within the hybrid system in the regions of Saudi Arabia. There are many renewable energy sources (wind, solar thermal energy, solar photovoltaic, biomass, small and large hydropower and geothermal energy). But their efficiency is not stable from time to time, so the idea of hybrid energy came to make up for the shortage, by integrating the energy source Renewables with one or more other sources of energy (In 1999, McGowan and Manwell (1999) presented a summary of WND-PV-DSL HPS progress in the United States.) whether it is a non-renewable or renewable source [1].

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Badea, Gheorge, Raluca Andreea Felseghi, Simona Răboaca, Ioan Aşchilean, Andrei Bolboacă, Dan Mureşan, Emil Moldovan, and Teodora Şoimoşan. "Hybrid Solar and Wind Electric System for Romanian Nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) - Case Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 841 (June 2016): 110–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.841.110.

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For a good approach to new challenges recommended by EU Energy Performance of Buildings Directive, nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) concept for new residential buildings is conceived in order to drastically improving the overall performance of classical buildings, especially in terms of energy use, production and CO2 equivalent (CO2e) emissions. This paper shows the results of the case study where was investigated energy, economic and environmental performances of hybrid solar and wind system for neutral in terms of climate parameters nZEB. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the capability and feasibility of RES hybrid technology for the energy supply of Romanian nZEB, and also, was to establish new general criteria with the goal to determinate the optimal design solution and providing general principles for green energy production. The main results reveal that Romania has a potential for green energy to implement the new concept nZEB and the global technical optimum of a hybrid system for nZEB is determined by the optimal interaction between the design parameters. The hybrid solar and wind electric systems are functioned in operational stand alone mode, its are supplied 100% by energy from RES and embedded CO2 emissions are decreased by over 50% compared to the classics systems.

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Junus, Mochammad, Marjono Marjono, Aulanni’am Aulanni’am, and Slamet Wahyudi. "In Malang, Indonesia, a techno-economic analysis of hybrid energy systems in public buildings." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 5 (October 1, 2022): 2434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i5.3795.

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Because of the fickle nature of the renewable sources of energy production, professionals in this sector have developed hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) that offer a constant and stable load supply. This research intends to build off-grid hybrid energy systems (HES) in Malang, Indonesia, that uses a solar generator, wind turbine, and biogas to power public buildings. The HOMER program was used to construct this model. Following the computations, multiple hybrid renewable energy system models are used to analyze each component’s capital cost and also cost of energy (COE). Furthermore, energy output, gas emissions, and a thermoeconomic assessment of several HRES models have been explored. Two ideal HRES models were evaluated: one with a biogas generator and one without. According to the research, employing a generator of biogas would reduce fuel consumption and emissions by 68.3%. This HRES model is impressive in light of Malang’s severe air pollution. Switching from diesel to biogas generator decreases NPC by 6.84%, according to the data.

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Eltamaly, Ali M., Majed A. Alotaibi, Abdulrahman I. Alolah, and Mohamed A. Ahmed. "IoT-Based Hybrid Renewable Energy System for Smart Campus." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 31, 2021): 8555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158555.

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There is a growing interest in increasing the penetration rate of renewable energy systems due to the drawbacks associated with the use of fossil fuels. However, the grid integration of renewable energy systems represents many challenging tasks for system operation, stability, reliability, and power quality. Small hybrid renewable energy systems (HRES) are small-scale power systems consisting of energy sources and storage units to manage and optimize energy production and consumption. Appropriate real-time monitoring of HRES plays an essential role in providing accurate information to enable the system operator to evaluate the overall performance and identify any abnormal conditions. This work proposes an internet of things (IoT) based architecture for HRES, consisting of a wind turbine, a photovoltaic system, a battery storage system, and a diesel generator. The proposed architecture is divided into four layers: namely power, data acquisition, communication network, and application layers. Due to various communication technologies and the missing of a standard communication model for HRES, this work, also, defines communication models for HRES based on the IEC 61850 standard. The monitoring parameters are classified into different categories, including electrical, status, and environmental information. The network modeling and simulation of a university campus is considered as a case study, and critical parameters, such as network topology, link capacity, and latency, are investigated and discussed.

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Kumar, Naveen, and Ramesh Kumar. "Optimal Power Flow Through Hybrid Power System Using Metaheuristic Hybrid Algorithm." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 19, no. 5 (September 16, 2022): 103–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw220077.

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The growing population and modernisation in life styles of people increase the demand of electrical power. This has led to pressure on conventional thermal power plants to increase the production of electrical energy by using more and more fossil fuels like coal, petrol, diesel and natural gases, which enhance the emission of greenhouse gases causing environmental pollution. Hence, renewable sources of energy attract the attention of researchers as these can reduce the cost of production, and carbon emissions and has high efficiency. In this study, an IEEE 30- bus hybrid power test system consisting of thermal generators, wind generators and solar photo voltaic have been considered to achieve economically, environmentally as well as physically stable systems. The adopted hybrid power system follows a highly non-linear and complex nature, hence a novel hybrid algorithm named SHADE-SSA is framed to find optimal solutions economically and environmentally with stable voltage deviation and low power loss. The performance of the SHADE-SSA algorithm is compared with the SHADE-SF algorithm and SSA, to confirm the superiority in solving complex, non-linear hybrid power system problems.

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Azizov, E. A., G. G. Gladush, A. V. Lopatkin, and I. B. Lukasevich. "Tokamak based hybrid systems for fuel production and recovery from spent nuclear fuel." Atomic Energy 110, no. 2 (May 25, 2011): 93–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10512-011-9396-2.

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Pearson, Jay, Torrey Wagner, Justin Delorit, and Steven Schuldt. "Cost Analysis of Optimized Islanded Energy Systems in a Dispersed Air Base Conflict." Energies 13, no. 18 (September 8, 2020): 4677. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13184677.

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The United States Air Force has implemented a dispersed air base strategy to enhance mission effectiveness for near-peer conflicts. Asset dispersal places many smaller bases across a wide geographic area, which increases resupply requirements and logistical complexity. Hybrid energy systems reduce resupply requirements through sustainable, off-grid energy production. This paper presents a novel hybrid energy renewable delivery system (HERDS) model capable of (1) selecting the optimal hybrid energy system design that meets demand at the lowest net present cost and (2) optimizing the delivery of the selected system using existing Air Force cargo aircraft. The novelty of the model’s capabilities is displayed using Clark Air Base, Philippines as a case study. The HERDS model selected an optimal configuration consisting of a 676-kW photovoltaic array, an 1846-kWh battery system, and a 200-kW generator. This hybrid energy system predicts a 54% reduction in cost and an 88% reduction in fuel usage, as compared to the baseline Air Force system. The HERDS model is expected to support planners in their ongoing efforts to construct cost-effective sites that minimize the transport and logistic requirements associated with remote installations. Additionally, the results of this paper may be appropriate for broader civilian applications.

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Chen, Minghao, Yixuan Chen, and Qingtao Zhang. "A Review of Energy Consumption in the Acquisition of Bio-Feedstock for Microalgae Biofuel Production." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 8873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13168873.

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Microalgae biofuel is expected to be an ideal alternative to fossil fuels to mitigate the effects of climate change and the energy crisis. However, the production process of microalgae biofuel is sometimes considered to be energy intensive and uneconomical, which limits its large-scale production. Several cultivation systems are used to acquire feedstock for microalgal biofuels production. The energy consumption of different cultivation systems is different, and the concentration of culture medium (microalgae cells contained in the unit volume of medium) and other properties of microalgae vary with the culture methods, which affects the energy consumption of subsequent processes. This review compared the energy consumption of different cultivation systems, including the open pond system, four types of closed photobioreactor (PBR) systems, and the hybrid cultivation system, and the energy consumption of the subsequent harvesting process. The biomass concentration and areal biomass production of every cultivation system were also analyzed. The results show that the flat-panel PBRs and the column PBRs are both preferred for large-scale biofuel production for high biomass productivity.

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Felseghi, Raluca Andreea, Teodora Melania Şoimoşan, Călin Ovidiu Safirescu, Ioan Aşchilean, Marius Daniel Roman, and Georgiana Dorina Iacob. "Estimation of Hydrogen and Electrical Energy Production by Using Solar and Wind Resources for a Residential Building from Romania." Applied Mechanics and Materials 656 (October 2014): 542–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.656.542.

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This paper illustrates the results of analysis of the technical potential for hydrogen production and providing electrical energy by fuel cell for residential consumer, through a system that has the basic components such as photovoltaic panels, wind turbines generator, electrolyser and fuel cell. The study estimates the production of hydrogen and electrical energy of this hybrid system for five different areas of Romania, using the following parameters: daily global solar irradiations on horizontal plane and wind speed. Analysis of hydrogen production by using solar and wind resources and ensuring electrical energy by fuel cell, that resulting from proposed autonomous hybrid system was performed through the performance indicators as follows: electrolyser operating time, energy consumed by the electrolyser and hydrogen production, respectively fuel cell operation time and the electrical energy obtained. The objectives of this study include the development and simulation testing of the best situations (methods) for producing hydrogen and ensuring electrical energy by fuel cells from hybrid renewable resources available in Romania. The results show that the use of such systems for hydrogen production and electricity insurance to residential building is relatively advantageous, the total annual production of hydrogen is estimated to be around 77,87 m³ and the total annual electrical energy delivered by fuel cell is estimated to be around 779 kWh, also the equipment components that will make the best configuration of the hybrid system are dependent on the availability of renewable resources.

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Li, Zheng, Yan Qin, Xin Cao, Shaodong Hou, and Hexu Sun. "Wind-Solar-Hydrogen Hybrid Energy Control Strategy Considering Delayed Power of Hydrogen Production." Electrotehnica, Electronica, Automatica 69, no. 2 (May 15, 2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46904/eea.21.69.2.1108001.

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In order to meet the load demand of power system, BP based on genetic algorithm is applied to the typical daily load forecasting in summer. The demand change of summer load is analysed. Simulation results show the accuracy of the algorithm. In terms of power supply, the reserves of fossil energy are drying up. According to the prediction of authoritative organizations, the world's coal can be mined for 216 years. As a renewable energy, wind power has no carbon emissions compared with traditional fossil energy. At present, it is generally believed that wind energy and solar energy are green power in the full sense, and they are inexhaustible clean power. The model of wind power solar hydrogen hybrid energy system is established. The control strategy of battery power compensation for delayed power of hydrogen production is adopted, and different operation modes are divided. The simulation results show that the system considering the control strategy can well meet the load demand. Battery energy storage system is difficult to respond to short-term peak power fluctuations. Super capacitor is used to suppress it. This paper studies the battery supercapacitor complementary energy storage system and its control strategy. When the line impedance of each generation unit in power grid is not equal, its output reactive power will be affected by the line impedance and distributed unevenly. A droop coefficient selection method of reactive power sharing is proposed. Energy storage device is needed to balance power and maintain DC voltage stability in the DC side of microgrid. Therefore, a new droop control strategy is proposed. By detecting the DC voltage, dynamically translating the droop characteristic curve, adjusting the output power, maintaining the DC voltage in a reasonable range, reducing the capacity of the DC side energy storage device. Photovoltaic grid connected inverter chooses the new droop control strategy.

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Das, Priti, Sukriti Patty, Tanmoy Malakar, Nibha Rani, Suchismita Saha, and Dhrubajyoti Barman. "A hybrid regression based forecasting model for estimating the cost of wind energy production." IFAC-PapersOnLine 55, no. 1 (2022): 795–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.04.130.

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Dagdougui, Hanane, Riccardo Minciardi, Ahmed Ouammi, Michela Robba, and Roberto Sacile. "A Dynamic Decision Model for the Real-Time Control of Hybrid Renewable Energy Production Systems." IEEE Systems Journal 4, no. 3 (September 2010): 323–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsyst.2010.2059150.

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Poulet, P., and R. Outbib. "Energy production for dwellings by using hybrid systems based on heat pump variable input power." Applied Energy 147 (June 2015): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.005.

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Nayar, Kishor G., Jenifer Fernandes, Ronan K. McGovern, Kyle P. Dominguez, Adriene McCance, Bader S. Al-Anzi, and John H. Lienhard. "Cost and energy requirements of hybrid RO and ED brine concentration systems for salt production." Desalination 456 (April 2019): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2018.11.018.

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Borkowski, Dariusz, Dariusz Cholewa, and Anna Korzeń. "Run-of-the-River Hydro-PV Battery Hybrid System as an Energy Supplier for Local Loads." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 5160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165160.

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Hybrid hydro energy systems are usually analysed with pumped hydro storage systems, which can facilitate energy accumulation from other sources. Despite the lack of water storage, run-of-the-river hydropower plants are also attractive for hybrid systems owing to their low investment cost, short construction time, and small environmental impact. In this study, a hybrid system that contains run-of-the-river small hydro power plants (SHPs), PV systems, and batteries to serve local loads is examined. Low-power and low-head schemes that use variable-speed operation are considered. The novelty of this study is the proposal of a dedicated steady-state model of the run-of-the-river hydropower plant that is suitable for energy production analysis under different hydrological conditions. The presented calculations based on a real SHP of 150 kW capacity have shown that a simplified method can result in a 43% overestimation of the produced energy. Moreover, a one-year analysis of a hybrid system operation using real river flow data showed that the flow averaging period has a significant influence on the energy balance results. The system energy deficiency and surplus can be underestimated by approximately 25% by increasing the averaging time from day to month.

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Okonkwo, Paul C., Srinivasan Murrgan, El Manaa Barhoumi, Fadhil Khadoum Al Housni, Tofayel Ahmed, Nabil Abdul Rahim Al-Alawi, Ebele Anastesia Okonkwo, and Nnamdi Michael Azubuike. "Economic evaluation of solar hybrid electric systems for rural electrification." E3S Web of Conferences 152 (2020): 02007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015202007.

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Diesel generators have long been in use in rural communities despite, the impact of emission caused by these generators to the environment. Due to the need for a greener environment, such electric generating systems seem not to be environmentally friendly and need to be addressed.Connection to the grid can also be expensive. This paper investigates the feasibility of employing hybrid electric system in rural communities. The HOMER software that analyzes system configuration was used to study the application and functional limitation of each hybridised arrangement. The result showed that the solar renewable energy (RE) based system has lower cost of capital cost, replacement cost and O&M cost with higher energy production compared to grid connected system, making the solar RE system most economically viable and a better candidate for the rural community electrification demands.

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Tuncer, Azim Doğuş, Rukiye Mavuş, Cemre Gökçe, Meltem Koşan, and Mustafa Aktaş. "Efficient Energy Systems Models for Sustainable Food Processing." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 7, no. 8 (August 9, 2019): 1138. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v7i8.1138-1145.2439.

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The improvement and use of sustainable energy technologies are developing by the reason of increasing energy demand. Due to the fossil fuels negative effects on the environment, energy efficient building and their industrial applications have become an important research topic. To increase energy efficiency in the food industry, the reduction of specific energy consumption is needed. Food production facilities using energy for heating, cooling, drying, and specific processes which requires high temperature. In this study, six energy system models have been suggested, and presented for the use in food processing applications. These models are based on renewable energy, waste heat management, solar energy, and efficient heat pump, ice storage heat pump, thermal energy storage heat pump, drying with heat recovery and dehumidification. In addition to carbon footprint reductant, the latest trend technologies are presented and the advantages are also discussed. Especially hybrid systems that are combined with phase change materials and biomass are investigated.

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Vavilov, V. E. "Mathematical model of the hybrid system of magnetic levitation energy production equipment autonomous power 97 supply systems." Transportation systems and technology 2, no. 3 (September 15, 2016): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/transsyst20162397-108.

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Introduction. Typically, when developing mathematical models magnetocavitation systems (magnetic bearings, electrostatic bearings, hybrid magnetic bearings (GMP, etc.) is considered just the very bearing as a separate, isolated Electromechanical system. This approach allows us to accurately explore the process magnetocavitation systems, but practically does not allow to evaluate the processes occurring in the system of magnetic bearing-object position. To solve this problem, the author proposes a different approach to the analysis of the processes in magnetocavitation systems in General and GPC in particular considering the magnetic bearing-object position, as a single complex. Goal. The work aimed the creation of a generalized analytical model of high-speed, AMPE with coercivity permanent magnet (VPM) on an elastic bearing supports, taking into account the mutual influence of processes in AMPA and bearing supports. This task is new and relevant and is essential to modern engineering. To solve this problem this paper developed a generalized mathematical model of the rotor system on a hybrid magnetic suspension. Evaluate the impact of hybrid magnetic bearings on the overall behavior of the rotor system. Performed analysis of processes in Electromechanical energy converters and mechanical processes occurring in the rotary system. Method and methodology. The research methodology is based on the joint solution of Maxwell equations and equations describing the mechanical processes of a rotor system with five degrees of freedom. Conclusion. The generalized mathematical model of high-speed, AMPE with VPM on a non-contact bearing supports and conducted her research. Based on research of the developed mathematical model, the authors developed an original control algorithm for the rotor position in a hybrid magnetic bearings, which allows for the design of high-speed, AMPE with VPM to abandon the position sensors of the rotor. In addition, on the basis of the results of calculations, a method was developed for diagnostics of eccentricity of rotor are high-speed, AMPE with VPM, as well as new methods of calculation of high-speed, AMPE with VPM, past experimental verification.

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N., SAVCHENKO. "Justification of the optimal structure of a hybrid autonomous microgeneration system." Journal of Electrical and power engineering 25, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/2074-2630-2021-2-18-22.

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. The issues of optimization of the composition of energy sources and storage units in hybrid autonomous microgeneration systems are considered. The development of renewable energy, namely its decentralization and autonomy, is today the main issue in the energy sector. At the same time, it is a solution to the problems of an increasing level of electricity consumption and an increase in carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere during electricity production. The introduction of small-scale power generation, namely autonomous microgeneration systems, is an extraordinary task that needs an immediate substantiated solution. The use of one type of power supply in stand-alone systems is unreliable and inefficient. In the process of evolution of autonomous systems, so-called hybrid systems have appeared, using several power sources with different principles of generating electricity. The article presents a new approach to the classification of hybrid autonomous systems based on the degree of hybridization of its components. Justification of the optimal composition of a hybrid autonomous microgeneration system, namely the optimal composition of sources and storage of electricity, is closely related to the determination and optimization of its operating modes. An integrated approach to optimizing the composition and operating modes of an autonomous microgeneration system with renewable energy sources and active consumers of electricity is considered. The algorithm developed in the article for a comprehensive substantiation of the composition and operating modes of a hybrid autonomous system is based on the calculation and comparative analysis of the energy characteristics of the hybrid components of an autonomous system, taking into account the needs of power supply of a particular consumer and with reference to the climatic conditions of its location. On the basis of the analysis, the structure of the optimal hybrid autonomous microgeneration system is proposed, which has high energy performance due to the rational choice of the installed capacities of generating and accumulating sources. The system has a high level of reliability and environmental friendliness, which is an important aspect of the development of decentralized energy. For the proposed structure, an algorithm for controlling the operating modes of a system with renewable hybrid energy sources and a hybrid energy storage system has been developed. A mathematical model of the proposed hybrid autonomous microgeneration system is presented.

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