Статті в журналах: "Hybrid quantum devices"

1

Wallquist, M., K. Hammerer, P. Rabl, M. Lukin, and P. Zoller. "Hybrid quantum devices and quantum engineering." Physica Scripta T137 (December 2009): 014001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0031-8949/2009/t137/014001.

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Chu, Yiwen, Jonathan D. Pritchard, Hailin Wang, and Martin Weides. "Hybrid quantum devices: Guest editorial." Applied Physics Letters 118, no. 24 (June 14, 2021): 240401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0057740.

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3

De Franceschi, Silvano, Leo Kouwenhoven, Christian Schönenberger, and Wolfgang Wernsdorfer. "Hybrid superconductor–quantum dot devices." Nature Nanotechnology 5, no. 10 (September 19, 2010): 703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nnano.2010.173.

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4

Pierini, S., M. D’Amato, M. Joos, Q. Glorieux, E. Giacobino, E. Lhuillier, C. Couteau, and A. Bramati. "Hybrid devices for quantum nanophotonics." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1537 (May 2020): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1537/1/012005.

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5

Kanne, Thomas, Dags Olsteins, Mikelis Marnauza, Alexandros Vekris, Juan Carlos Estrada Saldaña, Sara Loric̀, Rasmus D. Schlosser, et al. "Double Nanowires for Hybrid Quantum Devices." Advanced Functional Materials 32, no. 9 (November 21, 2021): 2107926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202107926.

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6

TSU, RAPHAEL. "QUANTUM DEVICES WITH MULTIPOLE-ELECTRODE — HETEROJUNCTIONS HYBRID STRUCTURES." International Journal of High Speed Electronics and Systems 12, no. 04 (December 2002): 1159–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129156402001976.

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Since the introduction of the man-made superlattices and quantum well structures, the field has taken off and developed into Quantum Slab, QS; Quantum Wire, QW; Quantum Dot, QD; and Nanoelectronics. This rapidly expanding field owes its success to the development of epitaxially grown heterojunctions and heterostructures to confine carriers in injection lasers. Meanwhile, the advancement of lithography allows potentials to be applied in nanoscale dimension leading to the possibility of quantum confinement without heterostructures. Actually, quantum states in the inversion layer of field effect transistors, FETs, formed by the application of a large gate voltage appeared several years before the introduction of the superlattices and quantum wells. The quantum Hall effect was first discovered in the Si inversion layer. This chapter, Multipole-Electrode Heterojunction Hybrid Structure, MEHHS, discusses hybrid structures of heterojunctions and applied potentials via multipole-electrodes for a much wider variety of structures for future quantum devices. The technology required to fabricate these electrodes, to some degree, is routinely used in the double-gate devices. Few specific examples are detailed here, hopefully, to stimulate a rapid adoption of a hybrid system for the formation of quasi-discrete states for quantum devices.

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7

Moumaris, Mohamed, Jean-Michel Bretagne, and Nisen Abuaf. "Nanomedical Devices and Cancer Theranostics." Open Nanomedicine and Nanotechnology Journal 6, no. 1 (April 21, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2666150002006010001.

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The current therapies against cancer showed limited success. Nanotechnology is a promising strategy for cancer tracking, diagnosis, and therapy. The hybrid nanotechnology assembled several materials in a multimodal system to develop multifunctional approaches to cancer treatment. The quantum dot and polymer are some of these hybrid nanoparticle platforms. The quantum dot hybrid system possesses photonic and magnetic properties, allowing photothermal therapy and live multimodal imaging of cancer. These quantum dots were used to convey medicines to cancer cells. Hybrid polymer nanoparticles were utilized for the systemic delivery of small interfering RNA to malignant tumors and metastasis. They allowed non-invasive imaging to track in real-time the biodistribution of small interfering RNA in the whole body. They offer an opportunity to treat cancers by specifically silencing target genes. This review highlights the major nanotechnology approaches to effectively treat cancer and metastasis.

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8

Kurizki, Gershon, Patrice Bertet, Yuimaru Kubo, Klaus Mølmer, David Petrosyan, Peter Rabl, and Jörg Schmiedmayer. "Quantum technologies with hybrid systems." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 13 (March 3, 2015): 3866–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419326112.

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An extensively pursued current direction of research in physics aims at the development of practical technologies that exploit the effects of quantum mechanics. As part of this ongoing effort, devices for quantum information processing, secure communication, and high-precision sensing are being implemented with diverse systems, ranging from photons, atoms, and spins to mesoscopic superconducting and nanomechanical structures. Their physical properties make some of these systems better suited than others for specific tasks; thus, photons are well suited for transmitting quantum information, weakly interacting spins can serve as long-lived quantum memories, and superconducting elements can rapidly process information encoded in their quantum states. A central goal of the envisaged quantum technologies is to develop devices that can simultaneously perform several of these tasks, namely, reliably store, process, and transmit quantum information. Hybrid quantum systems composed of different physical components with complementary functionalities may provide precisely such multitasking capabilities. This article reviews some of the driving theoretical ideas and first experimental realizations of hybrid quantum systems and the opportunities and challenges they present and offers a glance at the near- and long-term perspectives of this fascinating and rapidly expanding field.

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9

Kadim, Akeel M. "Fabrication of Quantum Dots Light Emitting Device by Using CdTe Quantum Dots and Organic Polymer." Journal of Nano Research 50 (November 2017): 48–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.50.48.

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Cadmium telluride CdTe QDs was prepared by chemical reaction and used to fabricate electroluminescence quantum dot hybrid junction device. QD-LED was fabricated using TPD: PMMA/CdTe/Alq3 device which synthesized by phase segregation method. The hybrid white light emitting devices consists, of three-layers deposited successively on the ITO glass substrate; the first layer was of Tetra-Phenyl Diaminobiphenyl (TPD) polymer mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers, while the second layer was 0.5wt% of the (CdTe) QDs for hybrid device, whereas the third layer was Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3). The optical properties of CdTe QDs were considered by UV-Vis. and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The results show that the prepared QDs were nanocrystalline with defects formation. The Eg calculated from PL were 2.25 eV for Cadmium telluride CdTe QDs was prepared by chemical reaction and used to fabricate electroluminescence quantum dot hybrid junction device. QD-LED was fabricated using TPD: PMMA/CdTe/Alq3device which synthesized by phase segregation method. The hybrid white light emitting devices consists, of three-layers deposited successively on the ITO glass substrate; the first layer was of Tetra-Phenyl Diaminobiphenyl (TPD) polymer mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers, while the second layer was 0.5wt% of the (CdTe) QDs for hybrid device, whereas the third layer was Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminium (Alq3). The optical properties of CdTe QDs were measuredby UV-Vis. and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The results show that the prepared QDs were nanocrystalline with defects formation. The Eg calculated from PL were 2.25 eV for CdTe QDs. The generated white light properties with acceptable efficiency using confinement effect that makes the energy gap larger, thus the direction of the light sites are toward the center of white light color. The organic light emitting device (OLED) wasconsidered by room temperature PL and electroluminescence (EL). Current-voltage (I–V) characteristics indicate that the output current is good compared to the few voltage (6 V) used which gives good results to get a generation of white light. The electroluminescence (EL) spectrum of hybrid deviceshows a wide emission band covering the range from 350 - 700 nm. The emissions causing this white luminescence were identified depending on the chromaticity coordinates (CIE 1931) was found (x=0.32, y=0.33). The correlated color temperature (CCT) was found to be about 5886 K. Fabrication of EL-devices from semiconductors material (CdTe QDs) between two layers organic polymer (TPD) and organic molecules (Alq3) were effective in white light generation. The recombination processes and I-V characteristics gives rises to the output current is good compared to the few voltages used which gives good results to become a generation of light.

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10

Albrecht, A., G. Koplovitz, A. Retzker, F. Jelezko, S. Yochelis, D. Porath, Y. Nevo, O. Shoseyov, Y. Paltiel, and M. B Plenio. "Self-assembling hybrid diamond–biological quantum devices." New Journal of Physics 16, no. 9 (September 4, 2014): 093002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/16/9/093002.

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11

Scherübl, Zoltán, András Pályi, and Szabolcs Csonka. "Transport signatures of an Andreev molecule in a quantum dot–superconductor–quantum dot setup." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 10 (February 6, 2019): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.10.36.

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Hybrid devices combining quantum dots with superconductors are important building blocks of conventional and topological quantum-information experiments. A requirement for the success of such experiments is to understand the various tunneling-induced non-local interaction mechanisms that are present in the devices, namely crossed Andreev reflection, elastic co-tunneling, and direct interdot tunneling. Here, we provide a theoretical study of a simple device that consists of two quantum dots and a superconductor tunnel-coupled to the dots, often called a Cooper-pair splitter. We study the three special cases where one of the three non-local mechanisms dominates, and calculate measurable ground-state properties, as well as the zero-bias and finite-bias differential conductance characterizing electron transport through this device. We describe how each non-local mechanism controls the measurable quantities, and thereby find experimental fingerprints that allow one to identify and quantify the dominant non-local mechanism using experimental data. Finally, we study the triplet blockade effect and the associated negative differential conductance in the Cooper-pair splitter, and show that they can arise regardless of the nature of the dominant non-local coupling mechanism. Our results should facilitate the characterization of hybrid devices, and their optimization for various quantum-information-related experiments and applications.

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12

Tan, Chee H., Ian C. Sandall, Xinxin Zhou, and Sanjay Krishna. "InAs-QDIP hybrid broadband infrared photodetector." MRS Advances 1, no. 48 (2016): 3301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2016.457.

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ABSTRACTWe demonstrated that an InAs photodiode and a Quantum Dot Infrared Photodiode can be bonded to produce a hybrid broadband infrared photodetector. When cooled to 77 K the InAs photodiode can be used to detect wavelengths from visible to a cutoff wavelength of 3 μm while the Quantum Dot Infrared Photodiode detects wavelengths from 3 to 12 μm. The dark current and spectral response were measured on reference devices and bonded devices. Both sets of devices show similar dark current and spectral response, suggesting that no significant degradation of the devices after the bonding process.

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13

Heo, Jino, and Seong-Gon Choi. "Photonic schemes of distribution and reconstruction of an entangled state from hybrid entanglement between polarization and time-bin via quantum dot." Physica Scripta 97, no. 4 (March 2, 2022): 045101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ac4b33.

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Abstract We propose photonic schemes for the distribution and reconstruction of a two-qubit entangled state using a hybrid entangled state under a noisy quantum channel. First, to generate a hybrid entangled state correlated with polarizations and time-bins, we employ a quantum dot (QD)-cavity system (nonlinear optical gate) and linear optical devices to implement controlled operation. These schemes can achieve the distribution and reconstruction of a two-qubit entangled state from hybrid entanglement by utilizing only linear optical devices without a QD-cavity system (i.e., a nonlinear optical device) for users who want to share an entangled state under a noisy quantum channel. For a feasible realization of the proposed schemes, we analyze the interaction between the photons and QD-cavity system and demonstrate the experimental conditions under which the reliable performance of the QD-cavity system is achieved.

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14

Frank, Jodi Ackerman. "Hybrid quantum computing circuit combines quantum devices with readout amplifier." Scilight 2020, no. 49 (December 4, 2020): 491108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0002863.

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15

Kalhor, Samane, Stephen J. Kindness, Robert Wallis, Harvey E. Beere, Majid Ghanaatshoar, Riccardo Degl’Innocenti, Michael J. Kelly, et al. "Active Terahertz Modulator and Slow Light Metamaterial Devices with Hybrid Graphene–Superconductor Photonic Integrated Circuits." Nanomaterials 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 2999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11112999.

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Metamaterial photonic integrated circuits with arrays of hybrid graphene–superconductor coupled split-ring resonators (SRR) capable of modulating and slowing down terahertz (THz) light are introduced and proposed. The hybrid device’s optical responses, such as electromagnetic-induced transparency (EIT) and group delay, can be modulated in several ways. First, it is modulated electrically by changing the conductivity and carrier concentrations in graphene. Alternatively, the optical response can be modified by acting on the device temperature sensitivity by switching Nb from a lossy normal phase to a low-loss quantum mechanical phase below the transition temperature (Tc) of Nb. Maximum modulation depths of 57.3% and 97.61% are achieved for EIT and group delay at the THz transmission window, respectively. A comparison is carried out between the Nb-graphene-Nb coupled SRR-based devices with those of Au-graphene-Au SRRs, and significant enhancements of the THz transmission, group delay, and EIT responses are observed when Nb is in the quantum mechanical phase. Such hybrid devices with their reasonably large and tunable slow light bandwidth pave the way for the realization of active optoelectronic modulators, filters, phase shifters, and slow light devices for applications in chip-scale future communication and computation systems.

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16

Roddaro, Stefano, Saskia F. Fischer, and Koji Ishibashi. "Special Issue on hybrid quantum materials and devices." Semiconductor Science and Technology 34, no. 3 (February 22, 2019): 030401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6641/ab04c4.

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17

Mutsenik, E., S. Linzen, E. Il’ichev, M. Schmelz, M. Ziegler, V. Ripka, B. Steinbach, G. Oelsner, U. Hübner, and R. Stolz. "Superconducting NbN-Al hybrid technology for quantum devices." Low Temperature Physics 49, no. 1 (January 2023): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/10.0016481.

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The high kinetic inductance of niobium nitride (NbN) thin films can be used for an implementation of compact on-chip inductances in cryoelectronic circuits. Here, for the first time, we demonstrate the implementation of a hybrid superconducting technology that includes the fabrication of standard aluminum submicron Josephson junctions and the NbN atomic layer deposition process. As an example, we fabricated and characterized a single and array of Al Josephson junctions together with NbN interconnections. The main Al Josephson junction parameters as well as NbN superconducting properties are in a good agreement with the values obtained by our standard fabrication process. The combination of technological processes for the NbN layers with Al Josephson junction allows implementing a new generation of innovative superconducting devices for different applications.

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18

Kayyalha, Morteza, Di Xiao, Ruoxi Zhang, Jaeho Shin, Jue Jiang, Fei Wang, Yi-Fan Zhao, et al. "Absence of evidence for chiral Majorana modes in quantum anomalous Hall-superconductor devices." Science 367, no. 6473 (January 2, 2020): 64–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aax6361.

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A quantum anomalous Hall (QAH) insulator coupled to an s-wave superconductor is predicted to harbor chiral Majorana modes. A recent experiment interprets the half-quantized two-terminal conductance plateau as evidence for these modes in a millimeter-size QAH-niobium hybrid device. However, non-Majorana mechanisms can also generate similar signatures, especially in disordered samples. Here, we studied similar hybrid devices with a well-controlled and transparent interface between the superconductor and the QAH insulator. When the devices are in the QAH state with well-aligned magnetization, the two-terminal conductance is always half-quantized. Our experiment provides a comprehensive understanding of the superconducting proximity effect observed in QAH-superconductor hybrid devices and shows that the half-quantized conductance plateau is unlikely to be induced by chiral Majorana fermions in samples with a highly transparent interface.

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19

Chen, Samuel Yen-Chi, Chih-Min Huang, Chia-Wei Hsing, Hsi-Sheng Goan, and Ying-Jer Kao. "Variational quantum reinforcement learning via evolutionary optimization." Machine Learning: Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 015025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2632-2153/ac4559.

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Abstract Recent advances in classical reinforcement learning (RL) and quantum computation point to a promising direction for performing RL on a quantum computer. However, potential applications in quantum RL are limited by the number of qubits available in modern quantum devices. Here, we present two frameworks for deep quantum RL tasks using gradient-free evolutionary optimization. First, we apply the amplitude encoding scheme to the Cart-Pole problem, where we demonstrate the quantum advantage of parameter saving using amplitude encoding. Second, we propose a hybrid framework where the quantum RL agents are equipped with a hybrid tensor network-variational quantum circuit (TN-VQC) architecture to handle inputs of dimensions exceeding the number of qubits. This allows us to perform quantum RL in the MiniGrid environment with 147-dimensional inputs. The hybrid TN-VQC architecture provides a natural way to perform efficient compression of the input dimension, enabling further quantum RL applications on noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices.

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20

Shaaban, Iman E., Ahmed S. Samra, Bedir Yousif, N. A. Alghamdi, Shamia El-Sherbiny, and S. Wageh. "Cavity Design and Optimization of Hybrid Quantum Dot Organic Light Emitting Devices for Blue Light Emission." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 1364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2020.2871.

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The present search handles the blue light emission investigation of hybrid quantum dots organic light-emitting devices. The emissions at 445 nm and 460 nm have been examined for microcavity hybrid quantum dot organic light-emitting devices (QD-OLED) upon quantum dots of CdS and CdSe. External light emissions have been evaluated through a numerical model based on the transfer matrix for electromagnetic plane waves. The devices' optical properties are investigated based on internal reflectance and cavity length by considering the architecture consisting of multilayers thin-film structures. The overall performance of the light-emitting devices with emission at 445 nm showed an improvement of the enhancement factor and narrowing outcoupling emission relative to the devices with emission at 460 nm. Besides, the light-emitting devices based on CdS QDs revealed better performance relative to the devices based on CdSe QDs.

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21

Jouzdani, Pejman, and Stefan Bringuier. "Hybrid Quantum-Classical Eigensolver without Variation or Parametric Gates." Quantum Reports 3, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 137–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/quantum3010008.

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The use of near-term quantum devices that lack quantum error correction, for addressing quantum chemistry and physics problems, requires hybrid quantum-classical algorithms and techniques. Here, we present a process for obtaining the eigenenergy spectrum of electronic quantum systems. This is achieved by projecting the Hamiltonian of a quantum system onto a limited effective Hilbert space specified by a set of computational bases. From this projection, an effective Hamiltonian is obtained. Furthermore, a process for preparing short depth quantum circuits to measure the corresponding diagonal and off-diagonal terms of the effective Hamiltonian is given, whereby quantum entanglement and ancilla qubits are used. The effective Hamiltonian is then diagonalized on a classical computer using numerical algorithms to obtain the eigenvalues. The use case of this approach is demonstrated for ground state and excited states of BeH2 and LiH molecules, and the density of states, which agrees well with exact solutions. Additionally, hardware demonstration is presented using IBM quantum devices for H2 molecule.

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22

Cirlin, G. E., R. R. Reznik, I. V. Shtrom, A. I. Khrebtov, Yu B. Samsonenko, S. A. Kukushkin, T. Kasama, and N. Akopian. "Hybrid GaAs/AlGaAs nanowire --- quantum dot system for single photon sources." Физика и техника полупроводников 52, no. 4 (2018): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftp.2018.04.45818.07.

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AbstractIII–V nanowires, or a combination of the nanowires with quantum dots, are promising building blocks for future optoelectronic devices, in particular, single-photon emitters, lasers and photodetectors. In this work we present results of molecular beam epitaxial growth of combined nanostructures containing GaAs quantum dots inside AlGaAs nanowires on a silicon substrate showing a new way to combine quantum devices with Si technology.

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23

Kendon, Viv, Angelika Sebald, and Susan Stepney. "Heterotic computing: exploiting hybrid computational devices." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 373, no. 2046 (July 28, 2015): 20150091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2015.0091.

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Current computational theory deals almost exclusively with single models: classical, neural, analogue, quantum, etc. In practice, researchers use ad hoc combinations, realizing only recently that they can be fundamentally more powerful than the individual parts. A Theo Murphy meeting brought together theorists and practitioners of various types of computing, to engage in combining the individual strengths to produce powerful new heterotic devices. ‘Heterotic computing’ is defined as a combination of two or more computational systems such that they provide an advantage over either substrate used separately. This post-meeting collection of articles provides a wide-ranging survey of the state of the art in diverse computational paradigms, together with reflections on their future combination into powerful and practical applications.

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24

Ghomian, Taher, Orhan Kizilkaya, Lucas Kyle Domulevicz, and Joshua Hihath. "Molecular quantum interference effects on thermopower in hybrid 2-dimensional monolayers." Nanoscale 14, no. 16 (2022): 6248–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d2nr01731h.

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25

Moon, Aram, and Jiwan Kim. "Hybrid Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes for White Emission Using Blue Phosphorescent Organic Molecules and Red Quantum Dots." Micromachines 10, no. 9 (September 14, 2019): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10090609.

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Hybrid quantum dot light-emitting diodes (QLEDs) with no buffer layer were developed to achieve white emission using red quantum dots by spin-coating, and blue phosphorescent organic molecules by thermal evaporation. These unique bichromatic devices exhibit two distinct electroluminescent peaks with similar intensities at 10.5 V. For white emission, these hybrid QLEDs present a maximum luminance of 6195 cd/m2 and a current efficiency of 2.02 cd/A. These results indicate that the unique double emission layers have the potential for bright and efficient white devices using fewer materials.

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26

Tomesh, Teague, Zain H. Saleem, and Martin Suchara. "Quantum Local Search with the Quantum Alternating Operator Ansatz." Quantum 6 (August 22, 2022): 781. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2022-08-22-781.

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We present a new hybrid, local search algorithm for quantum approximate optimization of constrained combinatorial optimization problems. We focus on the Maximum Independent Set problem and demonstrate the ability of quantum local search to solve large problem instances on quantum devices with few qubits. This hybrid algorithm iteratively finds independent sets over carefully constructed neighborhoods and combines these solutions to obtain a global solution. We study the performance of this algorithm on 3-regular, Community, and Erdős-Rényi graphs with up to 100 nodes.

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27

Huang, Y. Q., R. J. Zhu, N. Kang, J. Du, and H. Q. Xu. "Photoelectrical response of hybrid graphene-PbS quantum dot devices." Applied Physics Letters 103, no. 14 (September 30, 2013): 143119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4824113.

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28

Gill, S. T., J. Damasco, D. Car, E. P. A. M. Bakkers, and N. Mason. "Hybrid superconductor-quantum point contact devices using InSb nanowires." Applied Physics Letters 109, no. 23 (December 5, 2016): 233502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4971394.

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29

HARIDAS, M., and J. K. BASU. "HYBRID SEMICONDUCTING QUANTUM DOTS–METALLIC NANOPARTICLES ARRAYS FOR POSSIBLE NANOPHOTONIC DEVICES." International Journal of Nanoscience 10, no. 04n05 (August 2011): 1113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x11009519.

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Arrays of quantum dots and hybrid arrays of semiconducting quantum dots and metallic nanoparticles have wide range of potential applications from nanophotonics to quantum information processing. Creating such arrays with well-defined morphology and order over a large area is a challenge. We present a reliable method for constructing such arrays using simple self assembly technique. The reliability of the method is verified using AFM. The emission properties of such system are studied using high resolution imaging techniques and we have given the possible explanation for the observed phenomena.

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30

Min, Misook, Gustavo A. Saenz, and Anupama B. Kaul. "Optoelectronic properties of graphene quantum dots with molybdenum disulfide." MRS Advances 4, no. 10 (2019): 615–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/adv.2019.50.

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ABSTRACTThe presence of a direct optical bandgap in the transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) layers leads to promising applications in optoelectronic devices such as phototransistors and photodetectors. These devices are commonly fabricated using few-layer and monolayer MoS2 sheets obtained using mechanical exfoliation or chemical vapor deposition techniques. The hybrid structure of quantum dots (QDs) and 2D materials has been investigated to provide outstanding properties for various applications. Herein we report the fabrication of a hybrid QDs/MoS2 photodetector consisting of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and multilayer MoS2 sheets. The hybrid GQDs and MoS2 films are characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM); additionally, the I-V characteristics are measured by two-point probe station.

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31

Madsuha, Alfian Ferdiansyah, Chuyen Van Pham, and Michael Krueger. "Thiolated Carbon Nanotubes/CdSe Quantum Dot Based Hybrid Solar Cells with Improved Long-Term Stability." Nano Hybrids 9 (November 2015): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nh.9.7.

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In this work, the development of room-temperature solution-processed hybrid solar cells based on carbon nanotubes (CNT) - CdSe quantum dot (QD) hybrid material incorporated into a layer of conjugated polymer poly [2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b;3,4-b′] dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)], PCPDTBT, has been demonstrated. Incorporation of multi walled CNTs helps to improve the long-term efficiency of the solar cells in respect of power conversion efficiency (PCE) and short-circuit current density (Jsc) compared to QD only based devices. For the formation of the hybrid material hexadecylamine (HDA)/ trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) capped CdSe QDs were attached to CNTs by engineering the interface between CNTs and CdSe QDs by introducing thiol functional groups to CNTs. Initial PCE values of about 1.9 % under AM1.5G illumination have been achieved for this hybrid CNT-CdSe photovoltaic device. Furthermore, the long term stability of the photovoltaic performance of the devices was investigated and found superior to CdSe QD only based devices. About 90 % of the original PCE remained after storage in a glove box for almost one year without any further encapsulation. It is assumed that the improvement is mainly due to the thiol-functionalization of the CNT interface leading to a strong binding of CdSe QDs and a resulting preservation of the nanomorphology of the hybrid film over time.

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32

Kwok, H. L. "“Internal” Resistivity and Quantum Efficiency in Organic/Hybrid Solar Cells." Applied Mechanics and Materials 249-250 (December 2012): 978–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.249-250.978.

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Quantum efficiency of organic/hybrid solar cells has improved appreciably in recent years and it is useful to re-examine those parameters that reflect the device properties. This is important when there is need to distinguish between improvements associated with materials properties such as domain size and phase separations and improvements linked to external effect such as the inclusion of field enhancement layers. In this work, we reported the evaluation of the “internal” resistivity found in high performance organic/hybrid solar cells based on data reported in the literature. Our observations suggest that in general better device performance is found in devices with higher “internal” resistivity. This includes the case when a hole blocking layer is added. Exceptions to such a rule can be found in solar cells with nanowires in the n-layer and ferroelectric end layers whereby the quantum efficiencies increase beyond the values expected. A simple mathematical model has been put forward to explain the dependence of quantum efficiency on the “internal” resistivity. Overall, lowering of the “internal” resistivity correlates well with degradation in the device performance and can be put in the context of a reduction in the effective diffusion length of the photo-excited carriers. High field and polarization effects by themselves do not affect the “Internal” resistivity.

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33

Lai, Chen-Yen, S. A. Trugman, and Jian-Xin Zhu. "Optical absorption spectroscopy in hybrid systems of plasmons and excitons." Nanoscale 11, no. 4 (2019): 2037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8nr02310g.

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Understanding the physics of light emitters in quantum nanostructures regarding scalability, geometry, structure of the system and coupling between different degrees of freedom is important as one can improve the design and further provide rigorous controls of quantum devices.

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34

Kashif, Muhammad, and Saif Al-Kuwari. "Design Space Exploration of Hybrid Quantum–Classical Neural Networks." Electronics 10, no. 23 (November 30, 2021): 2980. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10232980.

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The unprecedented success of classical neural networks and the recent advances in quantum computing have motivated the research community to explore the interplay between these two technologies, leading to the so-called quantum neural networks. In fact, universal quantum computers are anticipated to both speed up and improve the accuracy of neural networks. However, whether such quantum neural networks will result in a clear advantage on noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices is still not clear. In this paper, we propose a systematic methodology for designing quantum layer(s) in hybrid quantum–classical neural network (HQCNN) architectures. Following our proposed methodology, we develop different variants of hybrid neural networks and compare them with pure classical architectures of equivalent size. Finally, we empirically evaluate our proposed hybrid variants and show that the addition of quantum layers does provide a noticeable computational advantage.

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35

Mahdian, Mahmoud, and H. Davoodi Yeganeh. "Hybrid quantum variational algorithm for simulating open quantum systems with near-term devices." Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical 53, no. 41 (September 18, 2020): 415301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1751-8121/abad76.

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36

Sablon, Kimberly A., Andrei Sergeev, Sina Najmaei, and Madan Dubey. "High-response hybrid quantum dots- 2D conductor phototransistors: recent progress and perspectives." Nanophotonics 6, no. 6 (March 25, 2017): 1263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2016-0159.

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AbstractHaving been inspired by the tremendous progress in material nanoscience and device nanoengineering, hybrid phototransistors combine solution processed colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) with graphene or two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials. Novel detectors demonstrate ultrahigh photoconductive gain, high and selective photoresponse, low noise, and very high responsivity in visible- and near-infrared ranges. The outstanding performance of phototransistors is primarily due to the strong, selective, and size tunable absorption of QDs and fast charge transfer in 2D high mobility conductors. However, the relatively small mobility of QD nanomaterials was a technological barrier, which limited the operating rate of devices. Very recent innovations in detector design and significant progress in QD ligand engineering provide effective tools for further qualitative improvements. This article reviews the recent progress in material science, nanophysics, and device engineering related to hybrid phototransistors. Detectors based on various QD nanomaterials and several 2D conductors are compared, and advantages and disadvantages of various nanomaterials for applications in hybrid phototransistors are identified. We also benchmark the experimental characteristics with model results that establish interrelations and tradeoffs between detector characteristics, such as responsivity, dark and noise currents, the photocarrier lifetime, response, and noise bandwidths. We have shown that the most recent phototransistors demonstrate performance limited by the fundamental generation recombination noise in high gain devices. Interrelation between the dynamic range of the detector and the detector sensitivity is discussed. The review is concluded with a brief discussion of the remaining challenges and possible significant improvements in the performance of hybrid phototransistors.

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37

Nakotte, Tom, Hongmei Luo, and Jeff Pietryga. "PbE (E = S, Se) Colloidal Quantum Dot-Layered 2D Material Hybrid Photodetectors." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (January 19, 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010172.

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Hybrid lead chalcogenide (PbE) (E = S, Se) quantum dot (QD)-layered 2D systems are an emerging class of photodetectors with unique potential to expand the range of current technologies and easily integrate into current complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible architectures. Herein, we review recent advancements in hybrid PbE QD-layered 2D photodetectors and place them in the context of key findings from studies of charge transport in layered 2D materials and QD films that provide lessons to be applied to the hybrid system. Photodetectors utilizing a range of layered 2D materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides sensitized with PbE QDs in various device architectures are presented. Figures of merit such as responsivity (R) and detectivity (D*) are reviewed for a multitude of devices in order to compare detector performance. Finally, a look to the future considers possible avenues for future device development, including potential new materials and device treatment/fabrication options.

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38

Chen, Ling, Donghuai Jiang, Wenjing Du, Jifang Shang, Dongdong Li, and Shaohui Liu. "Enhanced Performances of Quantum Dot Light-Emitting Diodes with an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Hole Injection Layer." Crystals 13, no. 6 (June 18, 2023): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst13060966.

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PEDOT:PSS (polyethylene dioxythiophene:polystyrenesulfonate) is a commonly used hole injection layer (HIL) in optoelectronic devices due to its high conductive properties and work function. However, the acidic and hygroscopic nature of PEDOT:PSS can be problematic for device stability over time. To address this issue, in this study we demonstrated the potential of an organic–inorganic hybrid HIL by incorporating solution-processed WOx nanoparticles (WOx NPs) into the PEDOT:PSS mixture. This hybrid solution was found to have a superior hole transport ability and low Ohmic contact resistance contributing to higher brightness (~62,000 cd m−2) and current efficiency (13.1 cd A−1) in the manufactured quantum-dot-based light-emitting diodes (QLEDs). In addition, the resulting devices achieved a relative operational lifetime of 7071 h, or approximately twice that of traditional QLEDs with PEDOT:PSS HILs. The proposed method is an uncomplicated, reliable, and low-cost way to achieve long operational lifetimes without sacrificing efficiency in optoelectronic devices.

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39

Trotta, Rinaldo, Johannes S. Wildmann, Eugenio Zallo, Oliver G. Schmidt, and Armando Rastelli. "Highly Entangled Photons from Hybrid Piezoelectric-Semiconductor Quantum Dot Devices." Nano Letters 14, no. 6 (May 29, 2014): 3439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/nl500968k.

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40

Shi, Zhi-Cheng, Jing Fu, Wei-Feng Qin, and Ji-Zhou He. "Thermodynamic Performance of Three-Terminal Hybrid Quantum Dot Thermoelectric Devices *." Chinese Physics Letters 34, no. 11 (November 2017): 110501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0256-307x/34/11/110501.

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41

Akeel, M. K., Omar A. Ibrahim, and Wasan R. Saleh. "Electroluminescence Devices from Quantum Dots with TPD Polymer White Light Generation." Journal of Nano Research 48 (July 2017): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.48.104.

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Quantum dots of CdSe, CdS and ZnS QDs were prepared by chemical reaction and used to fabricate organic quantum dot hybrid junction device. QD-LEDs were fabricated using ITO/TPD: PMMA/CdSe/Al, ITO/TPD: PMMA/CdS/Al and ITO/TPD: PMMA/ZnS/Al QDs devices which synthesized by phase segregation method. The hybrid white light emitting devices consists, of two-layers deposited successively on the ITO glass substrate; the first layer was of N, N’-bis (3-methylphenyl)-N, N’-bis (phenyl) benzidine (TPD) polymer mixed with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) polymers in ratio 1:1, while the second layer was 0.5wt% from each type of the (CdSe, CdS and ZnS) QDs for each device.The optical properties of QDs were characterized by UV-Vis. and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometer. The results show that the prepared QDs were nanocrystalline with defects formation. The Eg calculated from PL were 2.38, 2.69 and 3.64 eV for CdSe, CdS and ZnS respectively. The generated white light properties with acceptable efficiency using confinement effect that makes the energy gap larger, thus the direction of the light sites are toward the centre of white light color.The hybrid junction devices (EL devices) were characterized by room temperature PL and electroluminescence (EL). Current-voltage (I–V) characteristics indicate that the output current is good compared to the few voltages ( 8-11.5 V) used which gives acceptable results to get a generation of white light. The EL spectrum reveals a broad emission band covering the range from 350 - 700 nm. The emissions causing this white luminescence were identified depending on the chromaticity coordinates (CIE 1931). The correlated color temperature (CCT) was found to be about 5500, 4885 and 3400K respectively. Fabrication of EL-devices from semiconductors material (CdSe, CdS and ZnS QDs) with hole injection organic polymer (TPD) was effective in white light generation. The recombination processes and I-V characteristics gives rises to the output current is good compared to the few voltages used which gives acceptable results to get a generation of white light.

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42

Fu, Nanxin, Jiazhen Zhang, Yuan He, Xuyang Lv, Shuguang Guo, Xingjun Wang, Bin Zhao, Gang Chen, and Lin Wang. "High-Sensitivity 2D MoS2/1D MWCNT Hybrid Dimensional Heterostructure Photodetector." Sensors 23, no. 6 (March 14, 2023): 3104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23063104.

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A photodetector based on a hybrid dimensional heterostructure of laterally aligned multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and multilayered MoS2 was prepared using the micro-nano fixed-point transfer technique. Thanks to the high mobility of carbon nanotubes and the efficient interband absorption of MoS2, broadband detection from visible to near-infrared (520–1060 nm) was achieved. The test results demonstrate that the MWCNT-MoS2 heterostructure-based photodetector device exhibits an exceptional responsivity, detectivity, and external quantum efficiency. Specifically, the device demonstrated a responsivity of 3.67 × 103 A/W (λ = 520 nm, Vds = 1 V) and 718 A/W (λ = 1060 nm, Vds = 1 V). Moreover, the detectivity (D*) of the device was found to be 1.2 × 1010 Jones (λ = 520 nm) and 1.5 × 109 Jones (λ = 1060 nm), respectively. The device also demonstrated external quantum efficiency (EQE) values of approximately 8.77 × 105% (λ = 520 nm) and 8.41 × 104% (λ = 1060 nm). This work achieves visible and infrared detection based on mixed-dimensional heterostructures and provides a new option for optoelectronic devices based on low-dimensional materials.

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43

Ramar, M., C. K. Suman, R. Manimozhi, R. Ahamad, and R. Srivastava. "Study of Schottky contact in binary and ternary hybrid CdSe quantum dot solar cells." RSC Adv. 4, no. 62 (2014): 32651–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra04966g.

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44

Ka, Ibrahima, Luis F. Gerlein, Ivy M. Asuo, Riad Nechache, and Sylvain G. Cloutier. "An ultra-broadband perovskite-PbS quantum dot sensitized carbon nanotube photodetector." Nanoscale 10, no. 19 (2018): 9044–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr08608c.

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A nano-engineered hybrid material consisting of SWCNTs, PbS-QDs and a halide perovskite is developed for the first time. The PbS-QDs in the hybrid system are found to be a charge generator and a charge-transfer facilitator. The hybrid material integrated into photoconductive devices shows a broad spectral response.

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45

Ando, Masanori, Chie Hosokawa, Ping Yang, and Norio Murase. "Electroluminescence of Hybrid Self-Organised Fibres Incorporating CdTe Quantum Dots." Australian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 9 (2012): 1257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ch12127.

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We demonstrated electroluminescence from hybrid 1D glass fibres incorporating CdTe quantum dots with a thin SiO2 overlayer which contains CdS-like clusters. The self-organised fibres, prepared by refluxing precursor nanowires, exhibited red electroluminescence on Au interdigitated array electrodes at room temperature. Although fluctuation with time was observed in the electroluminescence, relatively low threshold electric field (2.6 × 106 V m–1) suggests that the CdTe quantum dots-based hybrid fibres are expected to be applied to low voltage driven electroluminescent devices.

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46

Madsuha, Alfian Ferdiansyah, Nofrijon Sofyan, Akhmad Herman Yuwono, and Michael Krueger. "Integration of Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes in Bulk Heterojunction CdSe/PCPDTBT Hybrid Solar Cells." Materials Science Forum 929 (August 2018): 150–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.929.150.

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In this work, the development of solution-processed bulk heterojunction hybrid solar cells based on CdSe quantum dot (QD) and conjugated polymer poly [2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b;3,4-b] dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)], PCPDTBT was performed. The photoactive layer was formed by integrating CdSe QDs onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). A simple method of thiol functionalization in the interface CNTs and CdSe QDs has been investigated. Integration of CNTs enhances long-term performance of solar cells devices. Initial PCE values of about 1.9 % under AM1.5G illumination have been achieved for this hybrid CNT-CdSe photovoltaic device. In addition, the long-term stability of the photovoltaic performance of the devices was investigated and found superior to CdSe QD only based devices. About 84 % of the initial PCE remained after storage in a glove box for one year without any further encapsulation. It is concluded that the improvement is mainly due to a strong binding between thiol functionalized CNTs and CdSe QDs, resulting preservation of the nanomorphology of the hybrid film over time.

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47

Jourdana, C., and N. Vauchelet. "Hybrid fluid-quantum coupling for the simulation of the transport of partially quantized particles in a DG-MOSFET." Mathematics of Quantum Technologies 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nsmmt-2015-0001.

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AbstractThis paper is devoted to numerical simulations of electronic transport in nanoscale semiconductor devices forwhich charged carriers are extremely confined in one direction. In such devices, like DG-MOSFETs, the subband decomposition method is used to reduce the dimensionality of the problem. In the transversal direction electrons are confined and described by a statistical mixture of eigenstates of the Schrödinger operator. In the longitudinal direction, the device is decomposed into a quantum zone (where quantum effects are expected to be large) and a classical zone (where they are negligible). In the largely doped source and drain regions of a DG-MOSFET, the transport is expected to be highly collisional; then a classical transport equation in diffusive regime coupled with the subband decomposition method is used for the modeling, as proposed in N. Ben Abdallah et al. (2006, Proc. Edind. Math. Soc. [7]). In the quantum region, the purely ballistic model presented in Polizzi et al. (2005, J. Comp. Phys. [25]) is used. This work is devoted to the hybrid coupling between these two regions through connection conditions at the interfaces. These conditions have been obtained in order to verify the continuity of the current. A numerical simulation for a DG-MOSFET, with comparison with the classical and quantum model, is provided to illustrate our approach.

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48

Pang, Xiao-Ling, Ai-Lin Yang, Jian-Peng Dou, Hang Li, Chao-Ni Zhang, Eilon Poem, Dylan J. Saunders, et al. "A hybrid quantum memory–enabled network at room temperature." Science Advances 6, no. 6 (February 2020): eaax1425. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aax1425.

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Quantum memory capable of storage and retrieval of flying photons on demand is crucial for developing quantum information technologies. However, the devices needed for long-distance links are different from those envisioned for local processing. We present the first hybrid quantum memory-enabled network by demonstrating the interconnection and simultaneous operation of two types of quantum memory: an atomic ensemble-based memory and an all-optical Loop memory. Interfacing the quantum memories at room temperature, we observe a well-preserved quantum correlation and a violation of Cauchy-Schwarz inequality. Furthermore, we demonstrate the creation and storage of a fully-operable heralded photon chain state that can achieve memory-built-in combining, swapping, splitting, tuning, and chopping single photons in a chain temporally. Such a quantum network allows atomic excitations to be generated, stored, and converted to broadband photons, which are then transferred to the next node, stored, and faithfully retrieved, all at high speed and in a programmable fashion.

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49

Ju, So Eun, Chang Gi Yoon, and Jiwan Kim. "Hybrid Electroluminescence Devices with Solution-Processed Mixed Emitting Layers of Red Quantum Dots and Blue Small Molecules." Coatings 10, no. 7 (July 2, 2020): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070645.

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Hybrid electroluminescence (EL) devices with mixed emission layers (EMLs) were developed to achieve balanced peaks from red quantum dots (QDs) and blue phosphorescent small molecules. The EML was prepared by mixing QDs and small molecules in an organic solvent, and then adding polystyrene to disrupt the aggregation of the host material. These unique bichromatic devices exhibited two distinct EL peaks with similar intensities over 10 V, and the voltage dependent EL spectra were investigated systematically. These hybrid EL devices showed a maximum luminance of 1057.7 cd/m2 and a current efficiency of 2.45 cd/A. These results indicate that the unique mixed EMLs have potential for use as white devices using fewer fabrication steps.

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50

Kadim, Akeel M. "Zinc Selenide Quantum Dots Light Emitting Devices (ZnSe QDs-LEDs) with Different Organic Polymers." Nano Hybrids and Composites 18 (November 2017): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/nhc.18.11.

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The physical and chemical characterize of quantum dots (QDs) extensively depend upon the optical and morphological factors such as size and shape. The zinc selenide (ZnSe) quantum dots (QDs) have been prepared by chemical method and used to fabricate quantum dot hybrid junction devices with different types of organics polymers. The optical studies illustrate that the band gap value from the photoluminescence (PL) with high intensity of these QDs is found about 3.1 eV. The electroluminescence's (EL) hybrid devices were demonstrated by room temperature PL and electroluminescence (EL). Current-voltage (I–V) characteristics indicate that the output current is good compared to the few voltages (5.5 V) used which gives good results to get a generation of white light. The EL spectrum reveals a broad emission band covering the range from 350 - 700 nm. The emissions producing this white luminescence were recognized depending on the chromaticity coordinates (CIE 1931). The correlated color temperature (CCT) was found to be about 5759, 3500 and 3498 K for ITO/TPD/ZnSe, ITO/PPV/ZnSe and ITO/PEDOT/ZnSe QDs respectively. Fabrication of EL- hybrid devices from semiconductors materials (ZnSe QDs) with holes injection organic polymer (TPD, PPV and PEDOT) was effective in white light generation.

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