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1
Solomon, William. Introduction. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252040245.003.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This introductory chapter traces a process of cultural transformation that, beginning in the early decades of the twentieth century, led to the rise after World War II of the phenomenon called slapstick modernism. Manifesting itself in literature, (underground) film, and popular music, the rise of slapstick modernism signaled the coalescence in cultural practice of the artistic experimentation associated with high modernism, and the socially disruptive lunacy linked to the comic film genre. However, the concept of slapstick modernism has yet to receive adequate theorization; this is partly due to the insufficiency of the terms initially used to capture the specificity of this new, hybrid cultural entity. Slapstick modernism had no manifesto of the sort that mobilized the various avant-garde ventures of the early decades of the twentieth century.
2
Pearce, Celia. Role-Play, Improvisation, and Emergent Authorship. Edited by Benjamin Piekut and George E. Lewis. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199892921.013.27.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This essay explores the notion of role-playing as a form of “emergent authorship,” a bottom-up, procedural process leading to co-created, unexpected narrative outcomes. The essay begins with an overview of role-playing practices in the context of what might be termed the “participatory turn” in performance and culture, providing examples tabletop and live action role-playing games. Goffman’s concept of “engrossment” (from his writings on games) is compared to Csikszentmihalyi’s notion of “flow” as applied to role-playing and emergent authorship. The relationship of character to role-play is also explored through Schechners “not me, not not me” paradox, in which a character is seen as a hybrid between the performer and the fictional entity. Finally, drawing on Goffman and Fine, I outline a series of sociological “frames” that describe the functions within role-playing, and conclude with further discussion of role-playing as it fits into the larger participatory turn in performance and culture.
3
Brandt, Marieke. The Language of War 2006–11. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190673598.003.0007.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter reconstructs the fourth, fifth and sixth round of the Ṣaʿdah War whose principal feature was their enormous territorial expansion. The chapter discusses the conflict’s internal and external dynamics which began to obstruct any efforts at mediation and peace-making. Tribal feuding, the emergence of a war economy, domestic political intrigues, foreign meddling, elite conflict and the increasing sectarian character of the war contributed to the emergence of a hybrid, explosive conflict situation that hardly resembled the initial situation in 2004. As the Houthis continuously grew bolder, Saudi Arabia’s entry into the war in November 2009 provided significant relief for the Yemeni army. In February 2010, the sixth and final ‘official’ Houthi war ended in stalemate.
4
Whitesell, Lloyd. Tricks of the Light. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843816.003.0008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter turns to the other side of the coin—the failure of magical belief. Glamour conjures up a transfigured counter-reality and acts as a bridge to that imagined existence. But the entire symbolic edifice is built on fancy and prone to collapse, with reality reasserting itself and dragging us back from our projection into the dreamworld. Many film musicals warn against glamour as mystification or deceit. Four types of examples are discussed, each skeptical in a different way (joking, haunted, wishful, manipulative). Concluding discussion shows how the musical genre has affinities with the hybrid aesthetic of “magical realism.” The incorporation of a realistic dimension into the discourse of musical fantasy preserves an external vantage point for critical reflection—a demystifying impulse in tension with glamour’s mystique.
5
Tancredi, Antonello. Enforcing WTO Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198746560.003.0021.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter provides a brief analysis of the enforcement tools foreseen in the WTO dispute settlement mechanism. It focuses in particular on some of the peculiarities which differentiate them from the EU legal system. As the analysis shows, the relevance of reciprocity and post-litigation negotiations between States influences the legal nature of the WTO dispute settlement system, which today remains to a large extent a mixed or hybrid system. This contrasts one of the mantras diffused in the legal scholarship immediately after the entry into force of the Uruguay Round Agreements. It also represents a vehicle for the potential fragmentation of the multilateral legal framework governing international trade, which contributes to undermining the idea of uniformity of the obligations arising under the WTO Agreements for all Members.
6
Pratt, Michael G., Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Introduction: Organizational Identity. Edited by Michael G. Pratt, Majken Schultz, Blake E. Ashforth, and Davide Ravasi. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199689576.013.23.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since its formal entry to organization studies in 1985, the concept of organizational identity (OI) has had a long and fruitful development. We suggest OI is particularly appealing because it: 1) addresses fundamental questions of social existence about how we are both similar to and different from others; 2) is fundamentally a relational construct connecting apparent oppositions, such as “us” and “them”; 3) is a nexus concept forging relations with other theoretical constructs; and 4) is inherently useful to organizations. In the seven sections of this handbook, we trace conceptual, methodological, and practical challenges of theorizing and utilizing OI in organizations, including issues of the construct’s nomological net, its multi-level dynamics, the role time in OI (e.g., OI change), as well as its pluralistic manifestations (e.g., hybrid and multiple organizational identities).
7
Wambugu, Stephen K., Joseph T. Karugia, and Willis Oluoch-Kosura. Technology Use, Gender, and Impact of Non-Farm Income on Agricultural Investment: An Empirical Analysis of Maize Production in Two Regions of Kenya. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799283.003.0010.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This chapter examines maize productivity, technology use in maize, and the impact of non-farm income (NFI) on agricultural investment in Kenya, giving them a gender dimension. The study first concludes that there are no significant differences in maize yields between male-managed farms and female-managed farms (FMFs) in the study areas, Nyeri and Kakamega. Second, technology use for maize production was lower and significant in some instances for FMFs. Significant differences, especially in the use of hybrid seeds and tractor ploughs, were noted. A third conclusion is that NFI is not used in farm investment. NFI had negative coefficients on adoption and intensity of agricultural input use. Policies that encourage both farm and non-farm income should be instituted given the complementary roles that they play. Any entry barriers for disadvantaged households, especially for the FMFs, to participate in higher-paying non-farm activities need to be overcome.
8
Stoler, Ann Laura, Stathis Gourgouris, and Jacques Lezra, eds. Thinking with Balibar. Fordham University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823288519.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This volume, the first sustained critical work on the writing of the French political philosopher Etienne Balibar, collects essays by sixteen prominent philosophers, psychoanalysts, anthropologists, sociologists, and literary critics who each identify, define, and explore a central concept in Balibar’s thought. The contributors examine “Balibar and the Philosophy of the Concept” (Warren Montag), “Anthropological” (Bruce Robbins), “Border-concept” (Stathis Gourgouris), “Civil Religion” (Judith Butler), “Concept” (Etienne Balbar), “Contre- / Counter-” (Bernard E. Harcourt), “Conversion” (Monique David-Ménard), “Cosmopolitics” (Emily Apter), “Interior Frontiers” (Ann Laura Stoler), “Materialism” (Patrice Maniglier), “The Political” (Adi Ophir), “Punishment” (Didier Fassin), “Race” (Hanan Elsayed), “Relation” (Jacques Lezra), “Rights” (J.M. Bernstein), and “Solidarity” (Gary Wilder). The result is a hybrid lexicon-engagement that makes clear the depth and importance of Balibar’s contribution to the most urgent topics in contemporary thought. Each lexical entry/essay makes a startling, novel intervention in current debates, and as a whole Thinking with Balibar offers a model of collaborative critico-political reading of great importance to global academic culture.
9
McDonald, Michael R. Food Culture in Central America. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400652349.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This entry in the Food Culture around the World series helps those in the United States understand the new immigrants from Central America who have brought their food cultures with them. Food Culture in Central America illustrates the unique foodways of the region in depth–and in English–for the first time. Important foods and ingredients, techniques, and lore associated with food preparation are surveyed. Typical meals eaten at home are presented, with attention to the cultural context in which those meals take place, including regional or national differences. The book also examines various meal settings–street vendors, modest comedors, and fancy restaurants. The role of food in common festivals and life cycle rituals is explored as well, including Christmas, Semana Santa, and Quincineras. Author Michael R. McDonald emphasizes the living process of "metatezation," referring to the use of the traditional metate, a stone platform used to grind ingredients, resulting in the unique flavors and textures of the cuisines. The process echoes the concept of "mestizaje," the intense hybrid mixture of identities throughout Latin America, which is also explained.
10
Heber, Caroline. Enhanced Cooperation and European Tax Law. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898272.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The enhanced cooperation mechanism allows at least nine Member States to introduce secondary EU law which is only binding among these Member States. From an internal market perspective, enhanced cooperation laws are unique as they lie somewhere between unilateral Member State laws and uniform EU law. The law creates harmonisation and coordination between the participating Member States, but it may introduce trade obstacles in relation to non-participating Member States. This book reveals that the enhanced cooperation mechanism allows Member States to protect their harmonised values and coordination endeavours against market efficiency. Values which may not be able to justify single Member State’s trade obstacles may outweigh pure internal market needs if an entire group of Member States finds these value worthy of protection. However, protection of the harmonised values can never go as far as shielding participating Member States from the negative effects of enhanced cooperation laws. The hybrid nature of enhanced cooperation laws—their nexus between the law of a single Member State and secondary EU law—also demands that these laws comply with state aid law. This book shows how the European state aid law provisions should be applied to enhanced cooperation laws. Furthermore, the book also develops a sophisticated approach to the limits non-participating Member States face in ensuring that their actions do not impede the implementation of enhanced cooperation between the participating Member States.
11
Dingwall, Joanna. International Law and Corporate Actors in Deep Seabed Mining. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192898265.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Corporate participation within deep seabed mining raises unique challenges for international law. Commercial investment by private corporate actors in deep seabed mining is increasing. The deep seabed beyond national jurisdiction (the Area) comprises almost three-quarters of the entire surface area of the oceans, and it is home to an array of prized commodities including valuable metals and rare earth elements. These resources constitute the common heritage of mankind. Acting under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), the International Seabed Authority (ISA) is responsible for regulating the Area for the benefit of humanity and granting mining contracts. Although mining activities in the Area remain at the exploration stage, in recent years, there has been a marked growth in investment by private corporate actors, and an increasing impetus towards exploitation. This increasing corporate activity presents challenges, including in relation to matters of common management, benefit sharing, marine environmental protection and investment protection. In part, these challenges stem from the often-contentious role of non-state actors, such as corporations, within the international legal system. A product of its history, the UNCLOS deep seabed regime is an unlikely hybrid of capitalist and communist values, embracing the role of private actors while enshrining principles of resource distribution. As technological advances begin to outstrip legal developments, this study advances the discourse by addressing the extent of any tension between corporate commercial activity in the Area and the achievement of the common heritage of mankind.
12
Neyrat, Frédéric. The Unconstructable Earth. Translated by Drew S. Burk. Fordham University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823282586.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Space Age is over? Not at all! A new planet has appeared: Earth. In the age of the Anthropocene, the Earth is a post-natural planet that can be remade at will, controlled and managed thanks to the prowess of geoengineering. This new imaginary is also accompanied by a new kind of power—geopower—which takes the entire Earth—in its social, biological and geophysical dimensions—as an object of knowledge, intervention, and governmentality. Far from merely being the fruit of the spirit of geo-capitalism, this new grand narrative has been championed by the theorists of the constructivist turn (be them ecomodernist, postenvironmentalist, or accelerationist to name a few) who have also called into question the great divide between nature and culture; but in the aftermath of the collapse of this divide, a cyborg, hybrid, flexible nature was built, an impoverished nature that does not exist without being performed by the technologies, human needs, and capitalist imperatives. Underneath this performative vision resides a hidden “a-naturalism” denying all otherness to nature and the Earth, no longer by externalizing it as a thing to be dominated, but by radically internalizing it as something to be digested. Constructivist ecology can hardly present itself in opposition to the geo-constructivist project, which also claims that there is no nature and that nothing will prevent human beings from replacing Earth with an Earth 2.0.
13
Bilow, Marcel, Tillmann Klein, and Ulrich Knaack. FAÇADES. 010 publishers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47982/bookrxiv.12.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Façade technology of the 20th century is related to the dissolution of the massive wall into a separation of structure and façade. Looking at the development of façade technology, after 60 years of curtain wall systems, 30 years of element-façade systems and ten years of experience with the integration of environmental services in double façades, it can be concluded that the peak of optimisation has been reached. No further technical developments can be expected by continuing to apply extra layers for each additional technical function. Understanding façades - or better envelopes - as part of an integral building, we have to see that creating the future envelope has to be done on a ’network’ basis: employing systems - but also methods of thinking - which provide the possibility to develop different aspects simultaneously and combine them as required. The envelope has to be seen as a functional part of the entire building, serving a part of the demand by providing the necessary technologies and qualities. In this regard, we have to withdraw from material and structure-orientated thinking and construction – we have to develop the envelope as a hybrid system: materials, technologies and production processes have to be integrated into the summation and combined into an all-encompassing result. Façades comprise various themes covering strategic, material and technological developments. Aspects such as function integration, networking of elements, new structures and materials as well as the addition of functions to existing structures will be investigated and explained in 85 or so concrete ideas.
14
Wittmann, Anna M. Talking Conflict. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216022367.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In today's information era, the use of specific words and language can serve as powerful tools that incite violence—or sanitize and conceal the ugliness of war. This book examines the complex, "twisted" language of conflict. Why is the term "collateral damage" used when military strikes kill civilians? What is a "catastrophic success"? What is the difference between a privileged and unprivileged enemy belligerent? How does deterrence differ from detente? What does "hybrid warfare" mean, and how is it different from "asymmetric warfare"? How is shell shock different from battle fatigue and PTSD? These are only a few of the questions that Talking Conflict: The Loaded Language of Genocide, Political Violence, Terrorism, and Warfare answers in its exploration of euphemisms, "warspeak," "doublespeak," and propagandistic terms. This handbook of alphabetically listed entries is prefaced by an introductory overview that provides background information about how language is used to obfuscate or minimize descriptions of armed conflict or genocide and presents examples of the major rhetorical devices used in this subject matter. The book focuses on the "loaded" language of conflict, with many of the entries demonstrating the function of given terms as euphemisms, propaganda, or circumlocutions. Each entry is accompanied by a list of cross references and "Further Reading" suggestions that point readers to pertinent sources for further research. This book is ideal for students—especially those studying political science, international relations, and genocide—as well as general readers.
15
Gelvin, James L. The New Middle East. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190653996.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since Muhammad Bouazizi set himself on fire in Tunisia on December 17, 2010, galvanizing the Arab uprisings that continue today, the entire Middle East landscape has changed in ways that were unimaginable years before. In spite of the early hype about a so-called "Arab Spring" and the prominence observers gave to calls for the downfall of regimes and an end to their abuses, most of the protests and uprisings born of Bouazizi's self-immolation have had disastrous results across the whole Middle East. While the old powers reasserted their control with violence in Egypt and Bahrain, Libya, Yemen, and Syria have virtually ceased to exist as states, torn apart by civil wars. In other states, namely Morocco and Algeria, the forces of reaction were able to maintain their hold on power, while in the "hybrid democracies" of Lebanon, Palestine, and Iraq, protests against government inefficiency, corruption, and arrogance have done little to bring about the sort of changes protesters have demanded. Simultaneously, ISIS, along with other jihadi groups (al-Qaeda, al-Qaeda affiliates, Ansar al-Shariahs, etc.) has thrived in an environment marked by state breakdown. This book explains these changes, outlining the social, political, and economic contours of what some have termed "the new Middle East." One of the leading scholars of modern Middle Eastern history, James L. Gelvin lucidly distills the political and economic reasons behind the dramatic news arriving each day from Syria and the rest of the Middle East. He shows how and why bad governance, stagnant economies, poor healthcare, climate change, population growth, refugee crises, food and water insecurity, and war increasingly threaten human security in the region.
16
Zulueta-Fülscher, Kimana, and Asanga Welikala. Les constitutions infra-étatiques dans les contextes fragiles et en situation de conflit : Document d'orientation no 15. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.108.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Les constitutions infra-étatiques sont des instruments juridiques écrits qui limitent et structurent le pouvoir politique au niveau infra-étatique et qui possèdent une suprématie juridique par rapport aux autres normes légales infra-étatiques. Leurs objectifs premiers sont de définir le système de gouvernement de l’entité infra-étatique mais aussi, souvent, de codifier les droits des citoyens en son sein. Elles peuvent également oeuvrer à la délimitation de la communauté politique et de son identité au niveau infra-étatique. Les entités infra-étatiques se définissent, quant à elles, comme parties intégrantes d’un pays ou d’un État, avec un territoire clairement délimité. Ce document d’orientation analyse les constitutions infra-étatiques dans les contextes fragiles et en situation de conflit (que ce soit dans des États fédéraux, unitaires ou hybrides) qui ont été adoptées à l’issue de la guerre froide après 1991. L’échantillon utilisé pour cette étude comporte dix pays : l’Afrique du Sud, la Bosnie-Herzégovine, les Comores (Anjouan), l’Éthiopie, l’Indonésie (Aceh et Papouasie), la Papouasie‒Nouvelle-Guinée (PNG, Bougainville), la Russie (Tchétchénie et Daghestan), la Somalie, le Soudan et le Soudan du Sud.