Статті в журналах: "HYBRID ELECTROCHEMICAL"

1

Wu, Jing, Xun Zhou, Han Xing Liu, Zhi Dong Lin, and Gao Feng Chen. "Synthesis and Electrochemical Performances of Electroactive Nano Layered Organic-Inorganic Perovskite Containing Trivalent Iron Ion." Materials Science Forum 688 (June 2011): 307–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.688.307.

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A steady layered organic-inorganic perovskite hybrid containing Fe3+ was prepared in the air with phenosafranine as organic sheets, the Fe(CN)63- as inorganic sheets. We utilized the Fe(CN)63- as inorganic sheets of perovskite hybrids, which may help to stabilize the unusual metal-deficient layered structures. The results of X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) show that the hybrid is typical layered perovskite structure. The hybrid was mixed with paraffin to form a hybrid paste for the hybrid paste electrode. Electrochemical characteristics of carbon paste electrode (CPE) modified by hybrid were investigated with cyclic voltammetry. The modified electrode can accelerate the electron-transfer to improve the electrochemical reaction reversibility and be use for the determination of chemicals. The interactions between sodium nitrite (NaNO2), sodium bromide (NaBr), hydroxylammonium chloride (NH2OH·HCl), hydroquinone (C6H6O2) with hybrid were studied. The modified electrode exhibits good electrochemical activity. The hybrid can be used as electrochemical materials.

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2

Zheng, Yuhong, Da Wang, Xiaolong Li, Ziyang Wang, Qingwei Zhou, Li Fu, Yunlong Yin, and David Creech. "Biometric Identification of Taxodium spp. and Their Hybrid Progenies by Electrochemical Fingerprints." Biosensors 11, no. 10 (October 18, 2021): 403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios11100403.

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The use of electrochemical fingerprints for plant identification is an emerging application in biosensors. In this work, Taxodium ascendens, T. distichum, T. mucronatum, and 18 of their hybrid progenies were collected for this purpose. This is the first attempt to use electrochemical fingerprinting for the identification of plant hybrid progeny. Electrochemical fingerprinting in the leaves of Taxodium spp. was recorded under two conditions. The results showed that the electrochemical fingerprints of each species and progeny possessed very suitable reproducibility. These electrochemical fingerprints represent the electrochemical behavior of electrochemically active substances in leaf tissues under specific conditions. Since these species and progenies are very closely related to each other, it is challenging to identify them directly using a particular electrochemical fingerprinting. Therefore, electrochemical fingerprints measured under different conditions were used to perform pattern recognition. We can identify different species and progenies by locating the features in different pattern maps. We also performed a phylogenetic study with data from electrochemical fingerprinting. The results proved that the electrochemical classification results and the relationship between them are closely related.

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3

Watson, Keith J., Jin Zhu, SonBinh T. Nguyen, and Chad A. Mirkin. "Redox-active polymer-nanoparticle hybrid materials." Pure and Applied Chemistry 72, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2000): 67–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac200072010067.

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Ring-opening metathesis polymerization was used to modify organic soluble gold nanoparticles with redox-active polymers. A gel-permeation chromatography study revealed that each nanoparticle is modified with approximately 11 polymer chains. Electrochemical studies of nanoparticles modified with block copolymers of two different redox-active groups revealed that each monomer is electrochemically accessible, while no current rectification was observed.

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4

Kolkovskyi, P. I., B. K. Ostafiychuk, M. I. Kolkovskyi, N. Ya Ivanichok, S.-V. S. Sklepova, and B. I. Rachiy. "Mechanisms of charge accumulation in electrochemical systems formed based on of nanoporous carbon and manganese oxide." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 621–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.4.621-627.

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In this work, the processes occurring in electrochemical systems based on nanoporous carbon material and manganese oxide in an aqueous solution of lithium sulfate are analyzed. Furthermore, it is shows the feasibility of these materials combination cycling as electrodes of a hybrid electrochemical capacitor. The combination of electrode materials with different mechanisms of charge accumulation was determined. Consequently, an increase in the accumulated energy by more than 25% by the formation of an electric double layer and the occurrence of redox reactions based on carbon and manganese oxide respectively. The laboratory sample of an aqueous electrolyte hybrid electrochemical capacitor was formed. Moreover, the laboratory sample is electrochemically stable at an operating voltage of 2 V.

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5

Berestovskyi, D., and N. P. Hung. "Hybrid Fabrication of Stainless Steel Channels for Microfluidic Application." Advanced Materials Research 1115 (July 2015): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1115.33.

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This research develops a hybrid micromanufacturing technique by combining micromilling and electrochemical micropolishing to fabricate extremely smooth surface finish, high aspect ratio, and complex microchannel patterns. Milling with coated and uncoated ball-end micromills in minimum quantity lubrication is used to remove most materials to define a channel pattern. The milled channels are then electrochemically polished to required finish. A theoretical model accurately predicts surface finish in meso-scale milling, but not in micro-scale milling due to size effect. Electrochemical polishing using an acid-based electrolyte is applied to repeatedly produce stainless steel microchannels with average surface finish of 100 nm when measuring across grain boundaries and 10 nm within a single grain.

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6

Moyseowicz, Adam, Krzysztof Pająk, Katarzyna Gajewska, and Grażyna Gryglewicz. "Synthesis of Polypyrrole/Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrids via Hydrothermal Treatment for Energy Storage Applications." Materials 13, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 2273. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13102273.

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Herein, we propose hydrothermal treatment as a facile and environmentally friendly approach for the synthesis of polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide hybrids. A series of self-assembled hybrid materials with different component mass ratios of conductive polymer to graphene oxide was prepared. The morphology, porous structure, chemical composition and electrochemical performance of the synthesized hybrids as electrode materials for supercapacitors were investigated. Nitrogen sorption analysis at 77 K revealed significant changes in the textural development of the synthesized materials, presenting specific surface areas ranging from 25 to 199 m2 g−1. The combination of the pseudocapacitive polypyrrole and robust graphene material resulted in hybrids with excellent electrochemical properties, which achieved specific capacitances as high as 198 F g−1 at a current density of 20 A g−1 and retained up to 92% of their initial capacitance after 3000 charge–discharge cycles. We found that a suitable morphology and chemical composition are key factors that determine the electrochemical properties of polypyrrole/reduced graphene oxide hybrid materials.

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7

Zhou, Yuqing, Weijin Qian, Weijun Huang, Boyang Liu, Hao Lin, and Changkun Dong. "Carbon Nanotube-Graphene Hybrid Electrodes with Enhanced Thermo-Electrochemical Cell Properties." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (October 12, 2019): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101450.

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Carbon nanotube-Graphene (CNT-Gr) hybrids were prepared on stainless steel substrates by the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) to make the thermo-electrochemical cell (TEC) electrodes. The as-obtained TEC electrodes were investigated by the SEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, tensile, and surface resistance tests. These hybrid electrodes exhibited significant improved TEC performances compared to the pristine CNT electrode. In addition, these hybrid electrodes could be optimized by tuning the contents of the graphene in the hybrids, and the CNT-Gr-0.1 hybrid electrode showed the best TEC performance with the current density of 62.8 A·m−2 and the power density of 1.15 W·m−2, 30.4% higher than the CNT electrode. The enhanced TEC performance is attributed to improvements in the electrical and thermal conductivities, as well as the adhesion between the CNT-Gr hybrid and the substrate. Meanwhile, the relative conversion efficiency of the TECs can reach 1.35%. The investigation suggests that the growth of CNT-Gr hybrid electrodes by the EPD technique may offer a promising approach for practical applications of the carbon nanomaterial-based TEC electrodes.

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8

Soto, Dayana, and Jahir Orozco. "Hybrid Nanobioengineered Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Biosensors." Molecules 27, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 3841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123841.

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Nanoengineering biosensors have become more precise and sophisticated, raising the demand for highly sensitive architectures to monitor target analytes at extremely low concentrations often required, for example, for biomedical applications. We review recent advances in functional nanomaterials, mainly based on novel organic-inorganic hybrids with enhanced electro-physicochemical properties toward fulfilling this need. In this context, this review classifies some recently engineered organic-inorganic metallic-, silicon-, carbonaceous-, and polymeric-nanomaterials and describes their structural properties and features when incorporated into biosensing systems. It further shows the latest advances in ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensors engineered from such innovative nanomaterials highlighting their advantages concerning the concomitant constituents acting alone, fulfilling the gap from other reviews in the literature. Finally, it mentioned the limitations and opportunities of hybrid nanomaterials from the point of view of current nanotechnology and future considerations for advancing their use in enhanced electrochemical platforms.

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9

Blaudeck, Thomas, Peter Andersson Ersman, Mats Sandberg, Sebastian Heinz, Ari Laiho, Jiang Liu, Isak Engquist, Magnus Berggren, and Reinhard R. Baumann. "Hybrid manufacturing of electrochemical transistors." NIP & Digital Fabrication Conference 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2352/issn.2169-4451.2011.27.1.art00048_1.

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10

Xu, Dan, Ruiyi Li, Guangli Wang, Haiyan Zhu, and Zaijun Li. "Electrochemical detection of carbendazim in strawberry based on a ruthenium–graphene quantum dot hybrid with a three-dimensional network structure and Schottky heterojunction." New Journal of Chemistry 45, no. 45 (2021): 21308–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1nj04602k.

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The hybrid of a metal with graphene can improve electrochemical properties, but present hybrids cannot break through the limitations of their inherent properties because metals and graphene are conductors.

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11

Kumar, Rajesh, Rajesh Kumar Singh, Raluca Savu, Pawan Kumar Dubey, Pradip Kumar, and Stanislav A. Moshkalev. "Microwave-assisted synthesis of void-induced graphene-wrapped nickel oxide hybrids for supercapacitor applications." RSC Advances 6, no. 32 (2016): 26612–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra00426a.

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A simple and fast microwave irradiation technique has been used to synthesize void-induced with graphene-wrapped nickel oxide (VGWN) hybrids. The VGWN hybrid material provides long term cyclic stability and excellent electrochemical performance.

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12

Evtugyn, Gennady, Svetlana Belyakova, Anna Porfireva, and Tibor Hianik. "Electrochemical Aptasensors Based on Hybrid Metal-Organic Frameworks." Sensors 20, no. 23 (December 5, 2020): 6963. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20236963.

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Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) offer a unique variety of properties and morphology of the structure that make it possible to extend the performance of existing and design new electrochemical biosensors. High porosity, variable size and morphology, compatibility with common components of electrochemical sensors, and easy combination with bioreceptors make MOFs very attractive for application in the assembly of electrochemical aptasensors. In this review, the progress in the synthesis and application of the MOFs in electrochemical aptasensors are considered with an emphasis on the role of the MOF materials in aptamer immobilization and signal generation. The literature information of the use of MOFs in electrochemical aptasensors is classified in accordance with the nature and role of MOFs and a signal mode. In conclusion, future trends in the application of MOFs in electrochemical aptasensors are briefly discussed.

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13

Liu, Zaiqiong, Jinpeng Tao, Zhenyu Zhu, Yanli Zhang, Hongbin Wang, Pengfei Pang, Haibo Wang, and Wenrong Yang. "A Sensitive Electrochemical Assay for T4 Polynucleotide Kinase Activity Based on Fe₃O₄@TiO₂ And Gold Nanoparticles Hybrid Probe Modified Magnetic Electrode." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 027504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac4f6c.

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An ultrasensitive electrochemical assay for T4 polynucleotide kinase (T4 PNK) activity and inhibition was developed based on magnetic Fe3O4@TiO2 core–shell nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles hybrid probe (Fe3O4@TiO2-dsDNA-AuNPs) modified magnetic gold electrode (MGE). Fe3O4@TiO2-dsDNA-AuNPs hybrid probe was formed via DNA hybridization between phosphorylated DNA S1 modified Fe3O4@TiO2 and complementary DNA S2 assembled AuNPs. [Ru(NH3)6]3+ was used as an electrochemically active indicator to enhance the electrochemical signal. The proposed method is sensitive for T4 PNK activity assay with a linear range of 0.0001 to 10 U ml−1 and low detection limit of 0.00003 U ml−1. This strategy can be used to screen the T4 PNK inhibitors, holding a great potential for discovery of nucleotide kinase-target drug and early clinical diagnosis of cancer.

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14

Lee, Sun-Young, Ick-Jun Kim, Seong-In Moon, and Hyun-Soo Kim. "Electrochemical Characteristics of Hybrid Capacitor and Pulse Performance of Hybrid Capacitor / Li-ion Battery." Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers 18, no. 12 (December 1, 2005): 1133–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4313/jkem.2005.18.12.1133.

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15

Kiari, Mohamed, Raúl Berenguer, Francisco Montilla, and Emilia Morallón. "Preparation and Characterization of Montmorillonite/PEDOT-PSS and Diatomite/PEDOT-PSS Hybrid Materials. Study of Electrochemical Properties in Acid Medium." Journal of Composites Science 4, no. 2 (May 8, 2020): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs4020051.

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The hybridization of clay minerals with conducting polymers receives great interest for different potential applications, including environmental remediation. This work studies and compares the electrochemical properties of two different clays, montmorillonite (Mont) and diatomite (Diat), and their respective clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrid materials in H2SO4 medium. The hybrid materials were prepared by electropolymerization of EDOT in the presence of PSS. The physico-chemical and electrochemical properties of both clays were analyzed by different techniques, and the influence of the clay properties on electropolymerization and the electroactivity of the resulting clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrids was investigated. Specifically, the Fe2+/Fe3+ redox probe and the oxidation of diclofenac, as a model pharmaceutical emerging pollutant, were used to test the electron transfer capability and oxidative response, respectively, of the clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrids. The results demonstrate that, despite its low electrical conductivity, the Mont is an electroactive material itself with good electron-transfer capability. Conversely, the Diat shows no electroactivity. The hybridization with PEDOT generally enhances the electroactivity of the clays, but the clay properties affect the electropolymerization efficiency and hybrids electroactivity, so the Mont/PEDOT displays improved electrochemical properties. It is demonstrated that clay/PEDOT-PSS hybrids exhibit diclofenac oxidation capability and diclofenac concentration sensitivity.

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16

Mishra, Suryakant, Marzia di Marzio, Roberto Giovanardi, and Francesco Tassinari. "Magnetoelectrochemistry and Asymmetric Electrochemical Reactions." Magnetochemistry 6, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry6010001.

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Magnetoelectrochemistry is a branch of electrochemistry where magnetic fields play a vital role in the oxidation and reduction process of the molecules. When it comes to spin-dependent electrochemistry (SDE), becomes a new paradigm. This work presents electrochemical response during the “chiral imprinting” on working electrodes and the effects of potentiostatic and galvanostatic methods. We explore the use of the SDE concept, which is implemented for chiral-ferromagnetic (CFM) hybrid working electrodes, and we compare various electrochemical parameters affecting the quality of deposition. We electrochemically co-deposited nickel (Ni) with a chiral compound (tartaric acid) in its enantiopure forms (L and D), which allows us to obtain a chiral co-deposited nickel-tartaric acid (Ni-LTA or Ni-DTA) working electrode.

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17

Hernández-Ferrer, Javier, Ana M. Benito, Wolfgang K. Maser, and Enrique García-Bordejé. "Hybrids of Reduced Graphene Oxide Aerogel and CNT for Electrochemical O2 Reduction." Catalysts 11, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal11111404.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene aerogels (GAs), and their hybrid (CNT-GA) prepared by hydrothermal treatment were tested in the electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The importance of porous structure derived from the combination of mesoporosity coming from CNTs with macroporosity stemming from GAs was evidenced because the hybrid carbon material exhibited synergistic performance in terms of kinetic current and onset potential. Different electrocatalysts were prepared based on these hybrids doped with nitrogen using different precursors and also supporting Fe nanoparticles. N-doped carbon hybrids showed higher electrocatalytic activity than their undoped counterparts. Nevertheless, both doped and undoped materials provided a mixed two and four electron reduction. On the other hand, the addition of a Fe precursor and phenanthroline to the CNT-GA allowed preparing an N-doped hybrid containing Fe nanoparticles which favored the 4-electron oxygen reduction to water, thus being an excellent candidate as a structured cathode in fuel cells.

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18

Lupu, Stelian, and Nicolae Totir. "The optimization of the electrochemical preparation of Pedot-Prussian blue hybrid electrode material and application in electrochemical sensors." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 75, no. 8 (2010): 835–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc2010045.

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The electrochemical preparation, characterization and analytical applications of a hybrid material consisting of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymer and Prussian Blue (PB; iron(III) hexacyanoferrate(II)) are presented. The hybrid material was prepared by a two-steps method. In a first step, the organic conducting polymer coating was deposited onto platinum electrode surface from an aqueous solution containing the monomer and ferricyanide ions. In the second step, the resulted modified electrode Pt|PEDOT- FeCN was immersed in an aqueous solution containing Fe3+ ions and the electrode potential was cycled between 0.6 and –0.4 V. The in situ formation of PB inside the PEDOT matrix has been demonstrated using cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance. The hybrid material maintains the electrochemical features of each component, i.e. organic and inorganic components. The inorganic component showed electrochemical activity only for the Prussian blue/Everitt’s salt redox system. The hybrid material displayed electrocatalytic activity towards dopamine oxidation in the presence of a large excess of ascorbic acid.

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19

Yang, Fan, Xichuan Liu, Rui Mi, Lei Yuan, Xi Yang, Minglong Zhong, Zhibing Fu, Chaoyang Wang, and Yongjian Tang. "A Novel Radiation Method for Preparing MnO2/BC Monolith Hybrids with Outstanding Supercapacitance Performance." Nanomaterials 8, no. 7 (July 14, 2018): 533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano8070533.

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A novel facile process for fabrication of amorphous MnO2/bamboo charcoal monolith hybrids (MnO2/BC) for potential supercapacitor applications using γ-irradiation methods is described. The structural, morphological and electrochemical properties of the MnO2/BC hybrids have been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. The combination of BC (electrical double layer charge) and MnO2 (pseudocapacitance) created a complementary effect, which enhanced the specific capacitance and good cyclic stability of the MnO2/BC hybrid electrodes. The MnO2/BC hybrids showed a higher specific capacitance (449 F g−1 at the constant current density of 0.5 A g−1 over the potential range from –0.2 V to 0.8 V), compared with BC (101 F g−1) in 1 M of Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte. Furthermore, the MnO2/BC hybrid electrodes showed superior cycling stability with 78% capacitance retention, even after 10,000 cycles. The experimental results demonstrated that the high performance of MnO2/BC hybrids could be a potential electrode material for supercapacitors.

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20

Diskin, David, and Leonid Tartakovsky. "Efficiency at Maximum Power of the Low-Dissipation Hybrid Electrochemical–Otto Cycle." Energies 13, no. 15 (August 1, 2020): 3961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13153961.

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A novel analytical method was developed for analysis of efficiency at maximum power of a hybrid cycle combining electrochemical and Otto engines. The analysis is based on the low-dissipation model, which relates energy dissipation with energy transfer rate. Efficiency at maximum power of a hybrid engine operating between two reservoirs of chemical potentials is evaluated. The engine is composed of an electrochemical device that transforms chemical potential to electrical work of an Otto engine that uses the heat generated in the electrochemical device and its exhaust effluent for mechanical work production. The results show that efficiency at maximum power of the hybrid cycle is identical to the efficiency at maximum power of an electrochemical engine alone; however, the power is the product of the electrochemical engine power and the compression ratio of the Otto engine. Partial mass transition by the electrochemical device from the high to the low chemical potential is also examined. In the latter case, heat is generated both in the electrochemical device and the Otto engine, and the efficiency at maximum power is a function of the compression ratio. An analysis performed using the developed method shows, for the first time, that, in terms of a maximal power, at some conditions, Otto cycle can provide better performance that the hybrid cycle. On the other hand, an efficiency comparison at maximum power with the separate Otto-cycle and chemical engine results in some advantages of the hybrid cycle.

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21

Chung, S. J., S. Balaji, M. Matheswaran, T. Ramesh, and I. S. Moon. "Preliminary studies using hybrid mediated electrochemical oxidation (HMEO) for the removal of persistent organic pollutants (POPs)." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 1-2 (January 1, 2007): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.055.

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This study investigates the hybrid mediated electrochemical oxidation (HMEO) technology, which is a newly developed non thermal electrochemical oxidation process for organic destruction. A combination of ozone and ultrasonication processes to the mediated electrochemical oxidation (MEO) process is termed as hybrid mediated electrochemical oxidation. The electrochemical cell was developed in this laboratory. In the present study, several organic compounds, such as phenol, benzoquinone and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were chosen as the model organic pollutants to be destructed by the hybrid process. The organic destruction was monitored based on the CO2 generation and total organic carbon (TOC) reduction. The HMEO process was found to be extremely effective in the destruction of all the target organics chosen in this study. The information obtained from this study will provide an insight in adopting this technique for dealing with more recalcitrant organics (POPs).

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Yang, Yong, Yufeng Wang, Yujie Gui, and Wenwu Zhang. "Fabrication of Microgrooves by Synchronous Hybrid Laser and Shaped Tube Electrochemical Milling." Materials 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 7714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14247714.

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The fabrication of deep microgrooves has become an issue that needs to be addressed with the introduction of difficult-to-cut materials and ever-increasing stringent quality requirements. However, both laser machining and electrochemical machining could not fulfill the requirements of high machining efficiency and precision with good surface quality. In this paper, laser and shaped tube electrochemical milling (Laser-STEM) were initially employed to fabricate microgrooves. The mechanisms of the Laser-STEM process were studied theoretically and experimentally. With the developed experimental setup, the influences of laser power and voltage on the width, depth and bottom surface roughness of the fabricated microgrooves were studied. Results have shown a laser power of less than 6 W could enhance the electrochemical machining rate without forming a deep kerf at the bottom during Laser-STEM. The machining accuracy or localization of electrochemicals could be improved with laser assistance, whilst the laser with a high-power density would deteriorate the surface roughness of the bottom machining area. Experimental results have proved that both the machining efficiency and the machining precision can be enhanced by synchronous laser-assisted STEM, compared with that of pure electrochemical milling. The machining side gap was decreased by 62.5% while using a laser power of 6 W in Laser-STEM. The laser-assistance effects were beneficial to reduce the surface roughness of the microgrooves machined by Laser-STEM, with the proper voltage. A laser power of 3 W was preferred to obtain the smallest surface roughness value. Additionally, the machining efficiency of layer-by-layer Laser-STEM can be improved utilizing a constant layer thickness (CLT) mode, while fabricating microgrooves with a high aspect ratio. Finally, microgrooves with a width of 1.79 mm, a depth of 6.49 mm and a surface roughness of 2.5 μm were successfully fabricated.

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23

Deng, Zhe-Peng, Yu Sun, Yong-Cheng Wang, and Jian-De Gao. "A NiFe Alloy Reduced on Graphene Oxide for Electrochemical Nonenzymatic Glucose Sensing." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 15, 2018): 3972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18113972.

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A NiFe alloy nanoparticle/graphene oxide hybrid (NiFe/GO) was prepared for electrochemical glucose sensing. The as-prepared NiFe/GO hybrid was characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results indicated that NiFe alloy nanoparticles can be successfully deposited on GO. The electrochemical glucose sensing performance of the as-prepared NiFe/GO hybrid was studied by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric measurement. Results showed that the NiFe/GO-modified glassy carbon electrode had sensitivity of 173 μA mM−1 cm−2 for glucose sensing with a linear range up to 5 mM, which is superior to that of commonly used Ni nanoparticles. Furthermore, high selectivity for glucose detection could be achieved by the NiFe/GO hybrid. All the results demonstrated that the NiFe/GO hybrid has promise for application in electrochemical glucose sensing.

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Batool, Razia, Amina Rhouati, Mian Hasnain Nawaz, Akhtar Hayat, and Jean Louis Marty. "A Review of the Construction of Nano-Hybrids for Electrochemical Biosensing of Glucose." Biosensors 9, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios9010046.

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Continuous progress in the domain of nano and material science has led to modulation ofthe properties of nanomaterials in a controlled and desired fashion. In this sense, nanomaterials,including carbon-based materials, metals and metal oxides, and composite/hybrid materials haveattracted extensive interest with regard to the construction of electrochemical biosensors. Themodification of a working electrode with a combination of two or three nanomaterials in the formof nano-composite/nano-hybrids has revealed good results with very good reproducibility, stability,and improved sensitivity. This review paper is focused on discussing the possible constructs ofnano-hybrids and their subsequent use in the construction of electrochemical glucose biosensors.

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25

SIKHA, GODFREY, and BRANKO N. POPOV. "MODELING AND APPLICATION STUDIES OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL HYBRID SYSTEM." Functional Materials Letters 01, no. 02 (September 2008): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179360470800023x.

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A first principle based mathematical model is presented to simulate the performance of a lithium-ion battery/electrochemical capacitor hybrid system. The advantages of the hybrid system over the battery system are discussed for pulse type of loads. The hybrid system predicted better utilization of the battery operated under high frequencies and low duty ratio pulse loads. Simulated specific energy and power relationships (Ragone plots) are also presented to identify regimes where the hybrid systems performed better than the battery system on a unit mass basis. The model was validated by comparing the simulations to the experimental data obtained from a Sony US 18650 lithium-ion battery/Maxwell PC100F electrochemical capacitor network hybrid system. Finally a case study comparing the response of the battery and a hybrid system to two different high power pulse profiles encountered in real time applications is presented. Simulation results indicate that hybrid systems exhibited superior performance over the battery system for pulse power profiles with sufficient relaxation times.

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26

He, Wentao, Yanning Liu, Zhongquan Wan, and Chunyang Jia. "Electrodeposition of V2O5 on TiO2 nanorod arrays and their electrochromic properties." RSC Advances 6, no. 73 (2016): 68997–9006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra08809k.

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Novel TiO₂/V₂O₅ hybrid films by combining hydrothermal and electrochemical deposition methods were prepared and the hybrid films show the improved electrochemical and electrochromic properties compared with the single V₂O₅ thin film.

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Dong, Liubing, Wang Yang, Wu Yang, Yang Li, Wenjian Wu, and Guoxiu Wang. "Multivalent metal ion hybrid capacitors: a review with a focus on zinc-ion hybrid capacitors." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 7, no. 23 (2019): 13810–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ta02678a.

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28

Ruszaj, Adam, Sebastian Skoczypiec, and Dominik Wyszyński. "Recent Developments in Abrasive Hybrid Manufacturing Processes." Management and Production Engineering Review 8, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mper-2017-0020.

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AbstractRecent dynamic development of abrasive hybrid manufacturing processes results from application of a new difficult for machining materials and improvement of technological indicators of manufacturing processes already applied in practice. This tendency also occurs in abrasive machining processes which are often supported by ultrasonic vibrations, electrochemical dissolution or by electrical discharges. In the paper we present the review of new results of investigations and new practical applications of Abrasive Electrodischarge (AEDM) and Electrochemical (AECM) Machining.

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29

Tsgoev, Ruslan S. "Promising Osmotic and Hybrid Electrochemical Power Plants." Vestnik MEI 5, no. 5 (2020): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2020-5-47-53.

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A range of energy technologies ultimately aimed at obtaining electric energy is considered. Proceeding from the list of considered sources, it is possible to analyze their different combinations for achieving better energy efficiency of new complexes. A systematic list of 21 currently known traditional, non-traditional, and renewable energy sources is compiled. Each of them taken individually has an efficiency not exceeding 50%, except for some types of fuel cell based power facilities. Block diagrams of energy flow conversion stages are proposed for the considered kinds of sources. Obviously, if some or other chain does not contain certain blocks in comparison with the first classical chain of thermal engine thermodynamic cycles, this means that the missing energy conversion stages of are either implemented covertly, or proceed in the environment. As an example, two promising sources are considered: an osmotic hydroelectric power plant and a hybrid power plant (HybPP) based on high-temperature fuel cells with solid oxide electrolyte and a gas turbine unit. In fact, an osmotic hydroelectric power plant takes the solar energy spent for evaporation from sea surfaces in the form of the osmotic pressure phenomenon energy under the conditions of one-way diffusion of fresh river water (a solvent) molecules through a semi-permeable membrane towards salt sea water (a solution). An osmotic HPP is a combination of a reservoir with semi-permeable membranes and an HPP. The former is characterized by the expected high specific power up to 12 kW per square meter of semi-permeable membrane area, and the latter is characterized by the highest efficiency among all types of electric power sources and by the high achieved specific power up to 2-3 kW per square meter of solid oxide electrolyte surface area.

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30

Staser, John A., and John W. Weidner. "Mathematical Modeling of Hybrid Asymmetric Electrochemical Capacitors." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 161, no. 8 (2014): E3267—E3275. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.031408jes.

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31

Mosqueda, H. A., O. Crosnier, L. Athouël, Y. Dandeville, Y. Scudeller, Ph Guillemet, D. M. Schleich, and T. Brousse. "Electrolytes for hybrid carbon–MnO2 electrochemical capacitors." Electrochimica Acta 55, no. 25 (October 2010): 7479–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.022.

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32

Pagano, Mario, and Luigi Piegari. "Hybrid Electrochemical Power Sources for Onboard Applications." IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion 22, no. 2 (June 2007): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tec.2006.876425.

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33

Penner, Reginald M. "Hybrid Electrochemical/Chemical Synthesis of Quantum Dots." Accounts of Chemical Research 33, no. 2 (February 2000): 78–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar9702839.

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34

Liu, Jia, Zhi Wang, Yang Zhao, Huhu Cheng, Chuangang Hu, Lan Jiang, and Liangti Qu. "Three-dimensional graphene–polypyrrole hybrid electrochemical actuator." Nanoscale 4, no. 23 (2012): 7563. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2nr32699j.

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35

Stoytcheva, Margarita, Roumen Zlatev, Zdravka Velkova, Benjamin Valdez, Marcela Ovalle, and Lubomir Petkov. "Hybrid electrochemical biosensor for organophosphorus pesticides quantification." Electrochimica Acta 54, no. 6 (February 2009): 1721–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2008.09.063.

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36

Tanaka, Shunsuke, Rahul R. Salunkhe, Yusuf Valentino Kaneti, Victor Malgras, Saad M. Alshehri, Tansir Ahamad, Mohamed B. Zakaria, Shi Xue Dou, Yusuke Yamauchi, and Md Shahriar A. Hossain. "Prussian blue derived iron oxide nanoparticles wrapped in graphene oxide sheets for electrochemical supercapacitors." RSC Advances 7, no. 54 (2017): 33994–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra03179c.

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This work reports the synthesis of hybrid materials combining graphene oxide (GO) sheets with Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles which can be converted into porous GO/iron oxide hybrids for supercapacitor applications.

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37

Khramenkova, A. V., D. N. Ariskina, and K. R. Yuzhakova. "Preparation of Hybrid Composite Materials on the Basis of Vanadium and Molybdenum Oxide Compounds." Materials Science Forum 945 (February 2019): 448–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.945.448.

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Hybrid composite oxide material is obtained by transient electrolysis method on the surface of carbon fiber substrate having the ability to reverse electrochemical intercalation of lithium. It is established that electrochemical characteristics of the hybrid composite oxide material depend on the concentration of sodium metavanadate in the solution of cathodic degreasing electrolyte during the preparation of carbon substrate surface.

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38

Reber, David, Oleg Borodin, Maximilian Becker, Daniel Rentsch, Johannes H. Thienenkamp, Rabeb Grissa, Wengao Zhao, et al. "Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 2 (October 9, 2022): 161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-022161mtgabs.

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The water-in-salt concept has significantly improved the electrochemical stability of aqueous electrolytes, and the hybridization with organic solvents or ionic liquids has further enhanced their reductive stability.[1] Here, we open a large design space by introducing succinonitrile as a cosolvent in water/ionic liquid/succinonitrile hybrid electrolytes. Via addition of the nitrile, electrolyte performance metrics such as electrochemical stability, conductivity, or cost can be tuned, and salt solubility limits can be fully circumvented. We elucidate the solution structure of two select hybrid electrolytes and highlight the impact of each electrolyte component on the final formulation, showing that excess ionic liquid fractions decrease the lithium transport number, while excess nitrile addition reduces electrochemical stability and yields flammable electrolytes. If component ratios are tuned appropriately, high electrochemical stability is achieved and aqueous Li4Ti5O12 - LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 full cells show excellent cycling stability with a maximum energy density of ca. 140 Wh/kg of active material, and Coulombic efficiencies of close to 99.5% at 1C. Furthermore, strong rate performance over a wide temperature range, facilitated by the fast conformational dynamics of succinonitrile, with a capacity retention of 53% at 10C relative to 1C is observed.[2] References: [1] Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Reber, D.; Aribia, A.; Battaglia, C.; Kühnel, R.-S., The hydrotropic effect of ionic liquids in water‐in‐salt electrolytes. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 2021, 60, 14100. [2] Reber, D.; Borodin, O.; Becker, M.; Rentsch, D.; Thienenkamp, J.H.; Grissa, R.; Zhao, W.; Aribia, A.; Brunklaus, G.; Battaglia, C.; Kühnel, R.-S., Water/Ionic Liquid/Succinonitrile Hybrid Electrolytes for Aqueous Batteries. Adv. Funct. Mater. 2022, 2112138.

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39

Wu, Hao Bin, Genqiang Zhang, Le Yu, and Xiong Wen (David) Lou. "One-dimensional metal oxide–carbon hybrid nanostructures for electrochemical energy storage." Nanoscale Horizons 1, no. 1 (2016): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5nh00023h.

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Анотація:

One-dimensional (1D) metal oxide–carbon hybrid nanostructures have recently attracted enormous interest as promising electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage devices, including lithium-ion batteries and electrochemical capacitors.

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40

Skoczypiec, Sebastian, Marcin Grabowski, and Maciej Spychalski. "Experimental Research on Electrochemically Assisted Microturning Process." Key Engineering Materials 611-612 (May 2014): 701–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.611-612.701.

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In the paper the concept of electrochemically assisted microturning process was presented. This is a hybrid machining process in which the microcutting directly removes the material while the electrochemical passivation process is changing the conditions of cutting. The experimental part consist of description of passive layer formation process on 304 steel samples and results discussion of passive layer thickness and mechanical properties measurement with ellipsometry and nanoindentation technique.

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41

Kosnan, Muhammad Akmal, Mohd Asyadi Azam, Nur Ezyanie Safie, Rose Farahiyan Munawar, and Akito Takasaki. "Recent Progress of Electrode Architecture for MXene/MoS2 Supercapacitor: Preparation Methods and Characterizations." Micromachines 13, no. 11 (October 27, 2022): 1837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13111837.

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Since their discovery, MXenes have conferred various intriguing features because of their distinctive structures. Focus has been placed on using MXenes in electrochemical energy storage including a supercapacitor showing significant and promising development. However, like other 2D materials, MXene layers unavoidably experience stacking agglomeration because of its great van der Waals forces, which causes a significant loss of electrochemically active sites. With the help of MoS2, a better MXene-based electrodecan is planned to fabricate supercapacitors with the remarkable electrochemical performance. The synthesis of MXene/MoS2 and the ground effects of supercapacitors are currently being analysed by many researchers internationally. The performance of commercial supercapacitors might be improved via electrode architecture. This analysis will support the design of MXene and MoS2 hybrid electrodes for highly effective supercapacitors. Improved electrode capacitance, voltage window and energy density are discussed in this literature study. With a focus on the most recent electrochemical performance of both MXene and MoS2-based electrodes and devices, this review summarises recent developments in materials synthesis and its characterisation. It also helps to identify the difficulties and fresh possibilities MXenes MoS2 and its hybrid heterostructure in this developing field of energy storage. Future choices for constructing supercapacitors will benefit from this review. This review examines the newest developments in MXene/MoS2 supercapacitors, primarily focusing on compiling literature from 2017 through 2022. This review also presents an overview of the design (structures), recent developments, and challenges of the emerging electrode materials, with thoughts on how well such materials function electrochemically in supercapacitors.

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42

Silva, F. S., P. H. Suegama, W. P. Silva, A. W. Rinaldi, N. L. C. Domingues, M. Y. Matsumoto, and L. G. Salazar. "Effect of Different Dopants in Films TEOS/MPTS Used to Protect the Carbon Steel." Materials Science Forum 805 (September 2014): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.805.167.

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Schiff bases m-toluene N-Salicylideneaniline (m-TOL), (B) m-nitro-N- Salicylideneaniline (m-NTR) and (C) m-methoxy-N-salicylideneaniline (m-MTX) and cerium ions were studied added to 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution and added to the hybrid film based tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) e 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS). The polarization measurements showed lower current densities for the steel in NaCl with m-MTX, indicating that the m-MTX may be acting as an inhibitor. The hybrid films were doped with the m-MTX, Ce (III) or Ce (IV). Electrochemical measurements of open circuit potential (EOC), polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), were used to evaluate the corrosion behavior of the hybrid films. According Electrochemical Impedance measurements, all hybrid films, provided protection to the carbon steel. The films doped with Ce (IV), provided greater protection than the other, which indicates that this is the most suitable dopant for use in films.

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43

Bae, Ki Yoon, Sung Ho Cho, Byung Hyuk Kim, Byung Dae Son, and Woo Young Yoon. "Energy-Density Improvement in Li-Ion Rechargeable Batteries Based on LiCoO2 + LiV3O8 and Graphite + Li-Metal Hybrid Electrodes." Materials 12, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 2025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12122025.

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We developed a novel battery system consisting of a hybrid (LiCoO2 + LiV3O8) cathode in a cell with a hybrid (graphite + Li-metal) anode and compared it with currently used systems. The hybrid cathode was synthesized using various ratios of LiCoO2:LiV3O8, where the 80:20 wt% ratio yielded the best electrochemical performance. The graphite and Li-metal hybrid anode, the composition of which was calculated based on the amount of non-lithiated cathode material (LiV3O8), was used to synthesize a full cell. With the addition of LiV3O8, the discharge capacity of the LiCoO2 + LiV3O8 hybrid cathode increased from 142.03 to 182.88 mA h g−1 (a 28.76% improvement). The energy density of this cathode also increased significantly, from 545.96 to 629.24 W h kg−1 (a 15.21% improvement). The LiCoO2 + LiV3O8 hybrid cathode was characterized through X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Its electrochemical performance was analyzed using a battery-testing system and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. We expect that optimized synthesis conditions will enable the development of a novel battery system with an increase in energy density and discharge capacity.

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44

Fontana-Escartín, Adrián, Guillem Ruano, Fiorella M. Silva, Francesc Estrany, Jordi Puiggalí, Carlos Alemán, and Juan Torras. "Poly(aspartic acid) Biohydrogel as the Base of a New Hybrid Conducting Material." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (December 6, 2021): 13165. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222313165.

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In the present study, a composite made of conducting polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), and a biodegradable hydrogel of poly(aspartic acid) (PASP) were electrochemically interpenetrated with poly(hydroxymethyl-3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PHMeDOT) to prepare a new interpenetrated polymer network (IPN). Different cross-linker and PEDOT MPs contents, as well as different electropolymerization times, were studied to optimize the structural and electrochemical properties. The properties of the new material, being electrically conductive, biocompatible, bioactive, and biodegradable, make it suitable for possible uses in biomedical applications.

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45

Tian, Hua, Kaixin Zhu, Yang Jiang, Lin Wang, Wang Li, Zhifeng Yu, and Cunqi Wu. "Heterogeneous assembly of Ni–Co layered double hydroxide/sulfonated graphene nanosheet composites as battery-type materials for hybrid supercapacitors." Nanoscale Advances 3, no. 10 (2021): 2924–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1na00001b.

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46

Liu, Shu Min, Yu Dong Zheng, Li Ying Cui, Chang Kai Zhao, Yu Xiao, Tao Zhang, Li Na Yue, and Jia Chen. "Nonenzymatic Glucose Electrochemical Oxidation Based on Pt Decorated MWCNTs-PVA Hybrid Electrode." Advanced Materials Research 1095 (March 2015): 299–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1095.299.

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The multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) /polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) coating may have excellent biocompatibility and unique electrical properties. The effect of the dispersing agent on the electrochemical behaviors is very relevant,which has a great influence on the ionic conductivity of the composite material.We prepared four membrane electrodes of MWCNTs by using two dispersing processes of electrophoretic deposition (EPD). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) graphs of the MWCNTs/PVA composite were recorded In the NaOH solution, glucose is electrochemically oxidized on the acidified-MWCNTs/ PVA composite coating with high current density. The MWCNTs of the covalent dispersing methods treatment have a positive influence for the oxidation of glucose. The PVA can strengthen the dispersion effect of CTAB-MWCNTs for the EDP. The cooperative electrocatalytic property of MWCNTs-Pt toward glucose is not impaired by the association with the PVA binder.

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47

Francis-Xavier, Fenila, Fabian Kubannek, and René Schenkendorf. "Hybrid Process Models in Electrochemical Syntheses under Deep Uncertainty." Processes 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2021): 704. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9040704.

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Chemical process engineering and machine learning are merging rapidly, and hybrid process models have shown promising results in process analysis and process design. However, uncertainties in first-principles process models have an adverse effect on extrapolations and inferences based on hybrid process models. Parameter sensitivities are an essential tool to understand better the underlying uncertainty propagation and hybrid system identification challenges. Still, standard parameter sensitivity concepts may fail to address comprehensive parameter uncertainty problems, i.e., deep uncertainty with aleatoric and epistemic contributions. This work shows a highly effective and reproducible sampling strategy to calculate simulation uncertainties and global parameter sensitivities for hybrid process models under deep uncertainty. We demonstrate the workflow with two electrochemical synthesis simulation studies, including the synthesis of furfuryl alcohol and 4-aminophenol. Compared with Monte Carlo reference simulations, the CPU-time was significantly reduced. The general findings of the hybrid model sensitivity studies under deep uncertainty are twofold. First, epistemic uncertainty has a significant effect on uncertainty analysis. Second, the predicted parameter sensitivities of the hybrid process models add value to the interpretation and analysis of the hybrid models themselves but are not suitable for predicting the real process/full first-principles process model’s sensitivities.

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48

Smirnova, Evgenia, Alexander Ankudinov, Irina Chepurnaya, Alexander Timonov, and Mikhail Karushev. "In-Situ EC-AFM Study of Electrochemical P-Doping of Polymeric Nickel(II) Complexes with Schiff base Ligands." Inorganics 11, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inorganics11010041.

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Conductive electrochemically active metallopolymers are outstanding materials for energy storage and conversion, electrocatalysis, electroanalysis, and other applications. The hybrid inorganic–organic nature of these materials ensures their rich chemistry and offers wide opportunities for fine-tuning their functional properties. The electrochemical modulation of the nanomechanical properties of metallopolymers is rarely investigated, and the correlations between the structure, stiffness, and capacitive properties of these materials have not yet been reported. We use electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) to perform in-situ quantitative nanomechanical measurements of two Schiff base metallopolymers, poly[NiSalphen] and its derivative that contains two methoxy substituents in the bridging phenylene diimine unit poly[NiSalphen(CH3O)2], during their polarization in the electrolyte solution to the undoped and fully doped states. We also get insight into the electrochemical p-doping of these polymers using electrochemical quartz crystal microgravimetry (EQCM) coupled with cyclic voltammetry (CV). Combined findings for the structurally similar polymers with different interchain interactions led us to propose a correlation between Young’s modulus of the material, its maximum doping level, and ion and solvent fluxes in the polymer films upon electrochemical oxidation.

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49

M, Sudeep, Yash N Athreya, Suryajeet Patil Nikam, Chandrakumar R, Ajit Khosla, and Manjunatha C. "Current Developments in CuS Based Hybrid Nanocomposite for Electrochemical Biosensor Application: A Short Review." ECS Transactions 107, no. 1 (April 24, 2022): 15745–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/10701.15745ecst.

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Development of rational synthesis methods for the hybrid metal chalcogenides is of great importance nowadays, due to their promising synergistic effect. The hybrid nanocomposites with well-defined nanostructures offers unique properties and fascinating applications. Recently, the CuS and its hybrid structures are largely adopted for the electrochemical sensor applications. In this review article, we have attempted to provide brief overview about synthesis and structural features of selected CuS and their composites. The review provide more detailed insights into their electrochemical sensor property with respect to selected biomolecule, such as glucose, tertazine, dopamine, hydrazine, Xanthine, and bisphenol A. In addition to the electrochemical sensing property of pure CuS, the importance of hybrid CuS with other nanomaterials, such as carbon fibers, and rGO, is also discussed in detail. Finally, this review provides summary and future scope of this work. This review would be very helpful for those who are working on copper sulfide based sensors to design their experiments and correlate their experimental results.

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50

Okafor, Patricia, and Jude Iroh. "Electrochemical Properties of Porous Graphene/Polyimide-Nickel Oxide Hybrid Composite Electrode Material." Energies 14, no. 3 (January 23, 2021): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14030582.

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Polyimide-graphene nanosheet composite electrodes are rigid and dense and, therefore, exhibit moderate electrochemical properties. The electrochemical properties of polyimide-graphene nanosheet electrodes were remarkably improved by creating voids in the composite followed by the insertion of nickel oxide into the composites. Nickel oxide particles were electrodeposited onto the porous graphene/poly(amic acid) composite, containing poly (acrylic resin). The hybrid composite was then subjected to thermal treatment at ≥ 300 °C to simultaneously complete imidization and degrade the poly (acrylic resin). Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to study the eletrochemical properties of the composite electrode material. It is shown that remarkable improvement in the electrochemical behavior of the hybrid composite occurred due to the removal of poly(acrylic acid) and the insertion of NiO particles into the polyimide matrix. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra of the hybrid composites show distinct characteristic peaks for polyimide and NiO in the hybrid composite electrode. Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM images of the composites, show the presence of NiO aggregates in the composite material. Compared to neat graphene/polyimide composite electrode (GR/PI) composites, the specific capacitance of the hybrid composite electrode increased remarkably by over 250% due to the high interfacial surface area provided by NiO and the concomitant improvement in the electrode–electrolyte interaction.

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