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Статті в журналах з теми "Hybrid Cryocoolers"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 6 вересня 2023

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1

Liu, Z. Y., Y. X. Ma, J. Quan, Y. J. Liu, J. Wang, J. G. Li, and J. T. Liang. "Status and development trends of the space 2 K mechanical cryocooler." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1240, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012028. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1240/1/012028.

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Abstract The space 2 K cryogenic technology is one of the critical supporting technologies for deep-space explorations. With the development of space detectors, such as infrared and X-ray detectors, the demands for the space 2 K cryogenic technology have become much more urgent. Early space detection missions used superfluid helium cryostats (SHCs) to meet their requirements. However, cryostats have been gradually replaced by the 2 K mechanical cryocoolers due to the large volume, heavy weight, and short life of cryostats. Hybrid JouleThomson (J-T) cryocoolers are the best alternative to cryostats in the 2 K mechanical cryocoolers because of their relatively higher efficiency at 2 K. This paper provides an up-to-date review of space missions involving 2 K hybrid J-T cryocoolers and a summary on the key issues that need to be solved in the 2 K J-T cryocoolers.

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2

Dongli, Liu, Tao Xuan, Sun Xiao, and Gan Zhihua. "Performance Study on ST/JT Hybrid Cryocoolers Working at Liquid Helium Temperature." Physics Procedia 67 (2015): 468–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phpro.2015.06.060.

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3

Hall, Timothy, Dan Wang, Huong Le, Holly Garich, and Majid Minary. "Electro-Codeposition of Composite Materials for Enhanced Thermal and Electrical Properties." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 23 (October 9, 2022): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0223969mtgabs.

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State of the art cryocoolers, high powered electronic systems, and space platforms require next generation high conductivity composite materials that can reduce product weight while improving performance. To meet this need, Faraday Technology with the help of Universities, National Labs, and industrial partners is developing a scalable electro-codeposition method to produce high conductivity hybrid graphene/copper composite materials. Specifically, this talk will highlight two activities ongoing at Faraday and demonstrate the feasibility of fabricating either composite or laminated graphene-copper hybrid foils or direct printed composite nanowires via a pulse electro-codeposition approach. These activities indicated these composite materials can achieve a greater than 50% reduction in sheet resistance and a ~50% increase in mechanical strain compared to Cu foils. Additionally, we identified a strong dependance of material surface roughness on the measurement of thermal conductivity when using the 3-ω technique in a Closed Cycle He Cryostat. We will also discuss the opportunity to produce a wide range of material shapes by enabling a direct print apparatus that combines x,y,z control methods with an electro-codeposition printhead. If successful we envision that method to print next generation composite materials like ‘covetics’ that have the potential to meet many of the electronics and space community’s needs by enabling in space structural repairs, fabrication of new electronic components or sensors, or be utilized as heat exchanger composite materials. Finally, this activity also identified commercial partners interested in integrating these next generation into high powered electronics like laser diodes or invertors for electric vehicles.

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4

Wang, Xiaotao, Yibing Zhang, Haibing Li, Wei Dai, Shuai Chen, Gang Lei, and Ercang Luo. "A high efficiency hybrid stirling-pulse tube cryocooler." AIP Advances 5, no. 3 (March 2015): 037127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4915900.

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5

Watanabe, K., Satoshi Awaji, and Gen Nishijima. "High-Strength Nb₃Sn Wire Development for Compact Superconducting Magnets." Materials Science Forum 546-549 (May 2007): 1841–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.546-549.1841.

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A superconducting magnet with a magnetic energy of E = B2/2μo [J/m3] has to overcome a magnetic force of P = B2/2μo [Pa] in the same expression. This means that a high-field 20 T superconducting magnet produces an electromagnetic force of 160 MPa. In order to stand such a large force, Nb3Sn superconducting wires are usually reinforced by the hard-copper housing as an external reinforcement method or the stainless steel winding as a mechanical backup of an outermost Nb3Sn coil. If we focus on a compact superconducting magnet like a cryocooled superconducting magnet, a high-strength superconducting wire with a small diameter size of 1- 2 mm is required. The High-Field Laboratory for Superconducting Materials, IMR, Tohoku University has developed Nb3Sn wires internally reinforced with CuNb or CuNbTi composite. These high-strength Nb3Sn wires were successfully employed to construct the unique compact cryocooled 28 T hybrid magnet and the cryocooled 18 T high-temperature superconducting magnet. In addition, we found that the prebending effect for high-strength Nb3Sn wires outstandingly improves the Tc, Bc2 and Ic properties. As a next step, we intend to develop new Nb3Sn strand cables with the strong mechanical property of 500 MPa, applying the prebending effect for a future 22 T-φ400 mm room temperature bore superconducting magnet of a 50 T-class hybrid magnet.

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6

Kumar, Kishor V. V., and Biju T. Kuzhiveli. "Parametric investigation of hybrid regenerator of a stirling cryocooler." Indian Journal of Cryogenics 41, no. 1 (2016): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2349-2120.2016.00010.8.

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7

Nellis, G. F., and J. R. Maddocks. "An isothermal model of a hybrid Stirling/reverse-Brayton cryocooler." Cryogenics 43, no. 1 (January 2003): 31–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-2275(02)00153-4.

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8

Guo, Yongxiang, Yijun Chao, Bo Wang, Haiying Li, Sizhuo Li, John M. Pfotenhauer, and Zhihua Gan. "The thermodynamic characteristics of a Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler." Cryogenics 96 (December 2018): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2018.10.011.

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9

Ma, Yuexue, Jia Quan, Juan Wang, Yanjie Liu, Jianguo Li, and Jingtao Liang. "Experimental Research on the JT Cycle of Hybrid 4.5K JT Cryocooler." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 502 (April 15, 2019): 012033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/502/1/012033.

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10

Hato, Tsunehiro, Akira Tsukamoto, Seiji Adachi, and Keiichi Tanabe. "Hybrid cooling system with cryocooler and liquid-nitrogen for HTS-SQUID system." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1559 (June 2020): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1559/1/012008.

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11

Malgin, V., and J. Vencels. "Numerical simulation of the nitrogen boil-off recondensation in hybrid cooling devices for HPGe detectors." Journal of Instrumentation 18, no. 05 (May 1, 2023): P05002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/18/05/p05002.

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Abstract This paper describes the results of a complex simulation of nitrogen boil-off recondensation in a hybrid cooling device for High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors. The OpenFOAM platform-based software was used. The proposed finite-volume axisymmetric 2D model combines cooling processes occurring in the considered three-phase medium, including a liquefier condenser (solid), nitrogen boil-off (gas) and the resulting condensate (liquid). At the beginning of the simulation condenser and gas temperatures are set above the condensation point while the end time is set such that the system reaches a quasi-steady state. For conical and hemispherical condensers, the energy consumption for the following processes occurring in the operating mode such as: condenser cooling; cooling of adjacent boil-off nitrogen vapors; their condensation; the gravity-driven flowing; condensate film subcooling and subsequent partial re-evaporation from its surface are compared. The visualizations of the temperature field of the finite-volume model and the velocity vectors of nitrogen vapors adjacent to the condenser are presented. The calculated integral mass recondensation rates were confirmed experimentally on a commercial hybrid cooling device, taking into account the actual equivalent characteristics of the liquefier on the Stirling cryocooler used.

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12

Liu, Ziyao, Yuexue Ma, Jia Quan, Yanjie Liu, Juan Wang, Jianguo Li, and Jingtao Liang. "Development of a compact 2.17 K hybrid 4He JT cryocooler for space applications." Cryogenics 118 (September 2021): 103347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103347.

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13

Nam, J. W., S. Jeong, H. Kim, J. Jung, and Y. K. Kwon. "Investigation of On-Board Hybrid Pulse Tube Cryocooler for High Temperature Superconducting Rotor." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 15, no. 2 (June 2005): 2190–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2005.849609.

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14

Chao, Yijun, Yongxiang Guo, Yabin Wang, Bo Wang, and Zhihua Gan. "Thermodynamic analysis of the working states of the Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler." Applied Thermal Engineering 170 (April 2020): 115024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.115024.

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15

Liu, Ziyao, Zijie Pan, Yuexue Ma, Lingjiao Wei, Jia Quan, Yanjie Liu, Juan Wang, Jianguo Li, Houlei Chen, and Jingtao Liang. "A hybrid 3He Joule-Thomson cryocooler designed for precooling the space dilution refrigerator." Cryogenics 131 (April 2023): 103662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2023.103662.

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16

AWAJI, Satoshi, Gen NISHIJIMA, Kazuo WATANABE, Tomoyuki ITO, Masayuki ISHIZUKA, and Jyunji SAKURABA. "Development of a Large-bore Cryocooled Superconducting Magnet for Hybrid Magnets." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of Cryogenics and Superconductivity Society of Japan) 41, no. 7 (2006): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.41.310.

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17

Koike, Y., Y. Morii, T. Igarashi, M. Kubota, Y. Hiresaki, and K. Tanida. "A dilution refrigerator using the pulse tube and GM hybrid cryocooler for neutron scattering." Cryogenics 39, no. 7 (July 1999): 579–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0011-2275(99)00077-6.

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18

Liu, Biqiang, Zhenhua Jiang, Kongkuai Ying, Haifeng Zhu, Shaoshuai Liu, Fengshuo Wen, Yinong Wu, and Deping Dong. "A high efficiency Stirling/pulse tube hybrid cryocooler operating at 35 K/85 K." Cryogenics 101 (July 2019): 137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2019.05.007.

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19

Pan, Changzhao, Tong Zhang, Jue Wang, Liubiao Chen, Jia Guo, Yuan Zhou, and Junjie Wang. "Experimental progress of a 4K VM/PT hybrid cryocooler for pre-cooling 1K sorption cooler." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 278 (December 2017): 012044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/278/1/012044.

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20

Wang, J., C. Z. Pan, T. Zhang, J. J. Wang, and Y. Zhou. "Numerical study of a gas coupled VM-PT hybrid cryocooler using3He as the working fluid." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 278 (December 2017): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/278/1/012049.

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21

Hasebe, T., S. Okada, M. Ishizuka, T. Tsurudome, T. Ito, H. Ookubo, J. Sakuraba, et al. "Design of a Cryocooler-Cooled Large Bore Superconducting Magnet for a 30 T Hybrid Magnet." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 14, no. 2 (June 2004): 368–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2004.829672.

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22

Dang, Haizheng, Tao Zhang, Bangjian Zhao, Yongjiang Zhao, Jun Tan, Han Tan, Renjun Xue, Shiguang Wu, and Yujia Zhai. "Investigations on a 1 K hybrid cryocooler composed of a four-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler and a Joule-Thomson cooler. Part B: Experimental verifications." Cryogenics 123 (April 2022): 103452. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2022.103452.

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23

Zhang, Tao, and Haizheng Dang. "Investigations on a 1 K hybrid cryocooler composed of a four-stage Stirling-type pulse tube cryocooler and a Joule-Thomson cooler. Part A: Theoretical analyses and modeling." Cryogenics 116 (June 2021): 103282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2021.103282.

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24

Ishizuka, Masayuki, Takataro Hamajima, Tomoyuki Itou, Junji Sakuraba, Gen Nishijima, Satoshi Awaji, and Kazuo Watanabe. "Thermal analysis of the cryocooled superconducting magnet for the liquid helium-free hybrid magnet." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 470 (December 2010): S1027—S1029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2009.11.066.

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25

Ishizuka, M., T. Hamajima, T. Itou, J. Sakuraba, G. Nishijima, S. Awaji, and K. Watanabe. "Thermal properties of a large-bore cryocooled 10T superconducting magnet for a hybrid magnet." Physica C: Superconductivity and its Applications 470, no. 20 (November 2010): 1745–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physc.2010.05.198.

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26

Takahashi, K., K. Koyama, and K. Watanabe. "100 mm Wide Bore Cryocooled Hybrid Magnet for a High Field X-ray Diffractometer." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 18, no. 2 (June 2008): 536–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2008.920691.

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27

TAKAHASHI, Kohki, Satoshi AWAJI, Yoshinobu SASAKI, Keiichi KOYAMA, and Kazuo WATANABE. "Development of a Cryocooled 34 T-8 MW Hybrid Magnet and Application in Magneto-science." TEION KOGAKU (Journal of the Cryogenic Society of Japan) 41, no. 7 (2006): 316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2221/jcsj.41.316.

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28

Zhao, Bangjian, Jun Tan, Yongjiang Zhao, Renjun Xue, Han Tan, Shiguang Wu, Yujia Zhai, Dirui Wu, Dong Ma, and Haizheng Dang. "Exergy analysis and optimization of a hybrid cryocooler operating in 1–2 K based on the two-stage Joule-Thomson expansion." Energy 281 (October 2023): 128314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2023.128314.

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29

Ono, M., T. Kuriyama, A. Oguchi, and T. Okamura. "Cryocooler-Cooled High<tex>$rm T_rm c$</tex>Superconducting Magnet Excited by a Hybrid Semiconductor-HTS Thermoelectric Element." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 15, no. 2 (June 2005): 1516–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2005.849152.

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30

MA, YueXue, Juan WANG, YanJie LIU, and JingTao LIANG. "Optimization of the tube in tube counter-flow heat exchanger in a 4.5 K hybrid J-T cryocooler to be used in space." Chinese Science Bulletin 62, no. 17 (December 12, 2016): 1896–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/n972016-00794.

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31

Guo, Yanhong, and Houcheng Zhang. "A hybrid system using a looped multi-stage thermoacoustically-driven cryocooler to harvest the waste heat from a direct carbon solid oxide fuel cell." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 169 (April 2021): 120972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2021.120972.

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32

Watanabe, K., S. Awaji, M. Motokawa, S. Iwasaki, K. Goto, N. Sadakata, T. Saito, K. Watazawa, K. Jikihara, and J. Sakuraba. "Cryocooled large bore superconducting magnet for a hybrid magnet system employing highly strengthened (Nb,Ti)/sub 3/Sn wires with CuNb stabilizer." IEEE Transactions on Appiled Superconductivity 9, no. 2 (June 1999): 440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/77.783329.

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33

Dang, Haizheng, Tao Zhang, Bangjian Zhao, Yongjiang Zhao, Jun Tan, Han Tan, Renjun Xue, et al. "A hybrid cryocooler achieving 1.8 K with He-4 as the only working medium and its application verification." Chinese Science Bulletin, February 1, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/tb-2021-1305.

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34

Zhao, Bangjian, Tao Zhang, Jun Tan, Yongjiang Zhao, Renjun Xue, Han Tan, Shiguang Wu, Yujia Zhai, and Haizheng Dang. "Design and optimization of the four-stage recuperative coiled tube-in-tube heat exchanger for a 1.8 K hybrid cryocooler." Cryogenics, July 2022, 103535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryogenics.2022.103535.

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35

Zhao, Yongjiang, Jun Tan, Bangjian Zhao, Han Tan, Renjun Xue, Shiguang Wu, Yujia Zhai, Dirui Wu, Dong Ma, and Haizheng Dang. "Investigations on the coupling principle of the four-stage DC linear compressor unit used in a hybrid cryocooler operating in 1–2 K." International Journal of Refrigeration, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2022.12.020.

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36

Zhao, Yongjiang, Jun Tan, Bangjian Zhao, Tao Zhang, Han Tan, Renjun Xue, Shiguang Wu, Yujia Zhai, and Haizheng Dang. "Theoretical and experimental investigations on the piston offset characteristics in a four-stage DC linear compressor unit for a 1.8 K hybrid cryocooler." International Journal of Refrigeration, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2022.11.003.

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