Статті в журналах: "Hutchens"

1

Palm, Kiri. "In the Role of Brie Hutchens . . . . by Nicole Melleby." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 73, no. 8 (2020): 357–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2020.0270.

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2

Humpert, Stephan. "Age and Gender Differences in Job Opportunities." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 3, no. 1 (March 5, 2013): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v3i1.3067.

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There are only a few pieces of literature on age-specific occupational segregation. In this descriptive paper, I focus on occupational opportunities for newly-hired older male and female workers. This study is an enriched replication study of Hutchens (ILRR, 1988), who showed that firms employ older workers, but hire them less often than they hire younger ones. I use a rich dataset for West Germany with information covering almost thirty years, the regional file of the IAB Employment Sample (IABS-R04). By drawing segregation curves and calculating different measures, such as the Dissimilarity Index and the Hutchens Square Root Segregation Index, I find clear evidence that age-related segregation exists. While newly-hired workers in the age groups of 18 to 34 years and 35 to 54 years are quite similarly distributed in terms of the indices, those in the oldest age group, aged 55 years and above, and especially older women, are more segregated. Differences for older male and female workers over time may be explained by changes in labor and retirement policies.

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3

Mason, Anne B. "Lactoferrin: Interactions and Biological Functions. T. William Hutchens , Bo Lonnerdal." Quarterly Review of Biology 74, no. 2 (June 1999): 257–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/393157.

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4

Friedland, William H. "Hutchens, Anna: Changing Big Business: The Globalisation of the Fair Trade Movement." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 24, no. 1 (February 2, 2010): 71–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-010-9238-6.

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5

Praitis, V., W. S. Katz, and F. Solomon. "A codon change in beta-tubulin which drastically affects microtubule structure in Drosophila melanogaster fails to produce a significant phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 9 (September 1991): 4726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.9.4726-4731.1991.

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The relative uniformity of microtubule ultrastructure in almost all eukaryotic cells is thought to be a consequence of the conserved elements of tubulin sequence. In support of this idea, a mutation in a beta-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster, occurring at a highly conserved position, produces U-shaped microtubules, suggesting a defect in either nucleation or packing during assembly (M. T. Fuller, J. H. Caulton, J. A. Hutchens, T. C. Kaufman, and E. C. Raff, J. Cell Biol. 104:385-394, 1987, and J. E. Rudolph, M. Kimble, H. D. Hoyle, M. A. Subler, and E. C. Raff, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2231-2242, 1987). Surprisingly, we find that introducing the same mutation into the sole beta-tubulin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has virtually no consequences for microtubule structure or function in that organism.

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6

Praitis, V., W. S. Katz, and F. Solomon. "A codon change in beta-tubulin which drastically affects microtubule structure in Drosophila melanogaster fails to produce a significant phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Molecular and Cellular Biology 11, no. 9 (September 1991): 4726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.11.9.4726.

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The relative uniformity of microtubule ultrastructure in almost all eukaryotic cells is thought to be a consequence of the conserved elements of tubulin sequence. In support of this idea, a mutation in a beta-tubulin gene of Drosophila melanogaster, occurring at a highly conserved position, produces U-shaped microtubules, suggesting a defect in either nucleation or packing during assembly (M. T. Fuller, J. H. Caulton, J. A. Hutchens, T. C. Kaufman, and E. C. Raff, J. Cell Biol. 104:385-394, 1987, and J. E. Rudolph, M. Kimble, H. D. Hoyle, M. A. Subler, and E. C. Raff, Mol. Cell. Biol. 7:2231-2242, 1987). Surprisingly, we find that introducing the same mutation into the sole beta-tubulin gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae has virtually no consequences for microtubule structure or function in that organism.

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7

Capps, Krista A., Manuel A. S. Graça, Andrea C. Encalada, and Alexander S. Flecker. "Leaf-litter decomposition across three flooding regimes in a seasonally flooded Amazonian watershed." Journal of Tropical Ecology 27, no. 2 (February 1, 2011): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467410000635.

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Decomposition of leaf litter is an important process that releases energy and nutrients in both terrestrial and aquatic environments (Moore et al. 2004, Wallace et al. 1997); therefore, the physical, chemical and biological processes controlling leaf-litter decomposition rates can affect nutrient cycling and productivity in these systems (Cross et al. 2007, Wood et al. 2009). Several studies have shown that leaf decomposition is faster in aquatic than in terrestrial habitats due to relatively constant temperatures, continuous leaching and the physical breakdown of leaves by flowing water (Hutchens & Wallace 2002, Langhans & Tockner 2006, Langhans et al. 2008). Yet, comparatively few studies have examined these relationships in tropical systems with flooded forests. Flooding is a predominant feature of the upper Amazon Basin, but its occurrence and magnitude is complex and not strictly seasonal (Junk et al. 1989). To identify the dominant energy pathways and understand the nutrient dynamics of upper Amazon rain forests, it is imperative to investigate organic matter processing in the aquatic/terrestrial transition zones of these ecosystems.

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8

Camargo Botassio, Diego, and Daniela Verzola Vaz. "Segregação ocupacional por sexo no mercado de trabalho brasileiro: uma análise de decomposição para o período 2004-2015." Revista Brasileira de Estudos de População 37 (November 30, 2020): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.20947/s0102-3098a0131.

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Este artigo analisa a evolução da segregação ocupacional por sexo no mercado de trabalho brasileiro de 2004 a 2015. Além da mensuração da segregação por meio de indicadores tradicionais, como o índice de dissimilaridade e o de Gini, utiliza-se a classe de medidas aditivamente decomponíveis proposta por Hutchens (2004), que permite decompor a segregação em duas parcelas: uma relacionada à segregação entre grandes grupos ocupacionais; e outra que corresponde a uma soma ponderada dos níveis de segregação dentro desses grupamentos. Os resultados mostram que a segregação aumentou entre 2004 e 2015, revertendo a tendência de queda que vinha sendo relatada na literatura referente a anos anteriores a esse período. A análise de decomposição indica que tal crescimento foi impulsionado pela segregação entre os grandes grupos ocupacionais, portanto, entre grupos com ocupações mais heterogêneas entre si. Conclui-se que, à medida que o nível da participação feminina no mercado de trabalho se estabiliza, o processo de integração das ocupações segundo o sexo também apresenta seus primeiros sinais de esgotamento.

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9

Sharma, Basu. "Robert Hutchens, David Lipsky and Robert Stern, Strikers and Subsidies: The Influence of Government Transfer Programs on Strike Activity." Relations industrielles 46, no. 3 (1991): 670. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/050707ar.

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10

Murillo, Francisco Javier, and Guillermina Belavi. "Differential Impact of School Segregation in the Performance of Native and Non-Native Students in Spain." Journal of New Approaches in Educational Research 10, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7821/naer.2021.1.559.

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There is evidence of the impact of school segregation on students’ academic achievement, but it is debated whether the extent of this impact is dependent on students’ socioeconomic status, or on their native or non-native condition. This research addresses the problem in Spain, seeking to determine how immigrant and socioeconomic segregation affect the academic achievement of native and non-native students. With this aim, the PISA study database was specially exploited by means of two-tier Multilevel Models, estimating school segregation through the Hutchens Square Root Index. Specifically, the study estimates the influence of school segregation on students’ academic achievement in the subjects of Mathematics, Language and Science. The results confirm that school socioeconomical and immigrant segregation affect students’ academic achievement differently. Whereas socioeconomic segregation negatively affects both groups in all three subjects, immigrant segregation affects non-native students more strongly. Thus, data shows school segregation on socioeconomic grounds is always significant, and always has a considerable impact on achievement, regardless of students’ national origin. School segregation reproduces and accentuates conditions of social injustice. To counter its harmful effects, it is necessary to act first and foremost on socioeconomic segregation, as this causes the most devastating effects in education, particularly for non-native students.

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11

Murillo, F. Javier, and Sandra Carrillo. "Incidencia de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en el rendimiento académico. Un estudio desde Perú." education policy analysis archives 29 (April 12, 2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.29.5129.

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El objetivo del estudio fue estimar la incidencia de la segregación por nivel socioeconómico escolar en el rendimiento de los alumnos. Se realizó una explotación de los datos de la Evaluación Censal de Estudiantes (ECE) del Ministerio de Educación de Perú, a través de Modelos Multinivel con tres niveles de análisis (región, escuela y estudiante). Para estimar la magnitud de la segregación en cada escuela se utilizó el índice de Raíz Cuadrada de Hutchens. La muestra estuvo conformada por los 502.521 estudiantes de 2º de Secundaria de 12.862 escuelas del país. Los resultados evidencian que la segregación escolar incide de forma clara, directa y medible al rendimiento en las tres áreas analizadas, e incluso contribuye a explicar en mayor medida que el nivel socioeconómico promedio de la escuela. Asimismo, la concentración de estudiantes con familias de menor nivel socioeconómico en la escuela hace que el rendimiento sea menor en las tres áreas; mientras que la concentración de estudiantes con familias de mayor nivel socioeconómico hace que el rendimiento mejore, también en las tres áreas. Este estudio aporta sólidas evidencias de cómo la segregación socioeconómica escolar afecta la eficiencia del sistema educativo, así como la igualdad de oportunidades educativas para todos.

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12

Murillo, F. Javier, and Raquel Graña. "¿Segregación Escolar por Nivel Socioeconómico o por Nivel de Estudios de los Padres?" REICE. Revista Iberoamericana sobre Calidad, Eficacia y Cambio en Educación 18, no. 4 (September 21, 2020): 9–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.15366/reice2020.18.4.001.

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Con esta investigación se pretende determinar si es más adecuado considerar la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico de las familias o por nivel de estudios de los padres, en términos de cuál alcanza valores más altos y cuál tiene una mayor relación con el rendimiento estudiantil. Para ello, se realiza una explotación especial de la base de datos de la prueba de evaluación colombiana SABER 2016, de carácter censal. Se analizan 646.413 estudiantes de 5º grado escolarizados en 14.630 escuelas de Colombia. En primer lugar, se estima el Índice de Segregación de Gorard y el Índice de Raíz Cuadrada de Hutchens para nueve grupos según el nivel de estudios de los padres y otros, con tamaño equivalente, según la segregación por nivel socioeconómico. En segundo término, se estiman modelos multinivel de dos niveles (escuela y estudiantes). Los resultados muestran, por un lado, que para todos los grupos minoritarios y en ambos índices, la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico es mayor que segregación por estudios de los padres. Y, por otro, que, aunque ambas consideraciones de segregación afectan al rendimiento, la segregación por nivel socioeconómico muestra una relación mayor. De esta forma se concluye que, tal y como se venía haciendo, es correcto estimar la segregación por nivel socioeconómico, más que por nivel de estudios de los padres.

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13

Murillo, F. Javier, and Cynthia Martínez-Garrido. "Profundizado en la segregación social de los centros de secundaria en la Comunidad de Madrid." Revista de Sociología de la Educación-RASE 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/rase.14.3.18149.

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Recientes estudios han mostrado que la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en la Comunidad de Madrid es muy alta, la más alta de España, y una de las más elevadas de Europa. Esta investigación profundiza en el conocimiento de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en educación secundaria con datos recientes mediante la consecución de tres objetivos: a) estimando su magnitud con diversas estrategias, calculando su perfil para 19 grupos minoritarios y comparándola con otras Comunidades; b) estudiando el papel de los centros públicos, privados concertados y no concertados; y c) determinando la aportación del programa de bilingüismo a la segregación. Se realiza una explotación de los datos de España PISA-2018 y se utilizan cinco índices diferentes y complementarios para estimar la segregación social y su descomposición –el Índice de Disimilitud, el Índice de Segregación de Gorard, el Índice de Raíz Cuadrada de Hutchens, el Índice de Aislamiento y el Índice de Inclusión Socioeconómica–. Los resultados indican que la Comunidad de Madrid continúa teniendo niveles muy altos de segregación escolar que la sitúan a la cabeza de España. Además, verifican el fuerte papel que la privatización de la educación y el programa de bilingüismo tienen en la segregación por nivel socioeconómico de los estudiantes de educación secundaria. Así, se denuncia la situación de inequidad educativa de la región y la influencia que la privatización y el programa de bilingüismo y se insta a que el Gobierno regional elabore con toda urgencia un Plan de lucha contra la segregación escolar.

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14

Ekasiswanto, Rudi. "ANALISIS CERPEN “ROBOHNYA SURAU KAMI” KARYA A.A. NAVIS DALAM PERSPEKTIF POSMODERNISME LINDA HUTCHEON." SASDAYA: Gadjah Mada Journal of Humanities 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/sasdayajournal.54566.

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This study aims to provide sympathetic insight for who are interested in short stories in Indonesia through the perspective of Linda Hutcheon historical postmodernism. Through this research, we can find a description of story facts and the ideas of the author that are realized through the center and the periphery, along with the contextualization aspects of the short story A.A. Navis’ Robohnya Surau Kami to nowadays society. This research also contributes to literary works appreciation to educational institutions, academics, the society of literary enthusiasts, and the wider community in the form of short story research with the perspective of Linda Hutcheon’s postmodernism so that it is expected to increase the quantity of practice in postmodernism studies. The methodology used in the short story Robohnya Surau Kami using Linda Hutcheon's postmodernist theory is a descriptive method of analysis, by describing the facts which are then analyzed. The analysis does not merely describe but also gives sufficient understanding and explanation. Robohnya Surau Kami by A. A. Navis is a monumental work A. A. Navis containing religious elements. In his work, A. A. Navis presents inner experiences about the concept of the religious life of small communities in Indonesia. This short story is an outstanding and popular work as it is considered as a rare religious literature; AA Navis does not merely tell about worship and devotion to God, but also humanitarian values in Indonesia loaded with caring and tolerance so that it is necessary to trace the facts of the story in the short story, identify the center and the periphery that triggers conflict, and the implications of its contextualization of society in the present.

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15

Drescher, K. "Lactoferrin. Interactions and Biological Functions. Edited byT. W. Hutchens andBo Lönnerdal. XVI and 408 pages, numerous figures and tables. Humana Press Inc., Totowa. New Yersey 1997. Price: 110.00 US $." Food / Nahrung 41, no. 6 (1997): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/food.19970410630.

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16

Zhang, Xinyu. "Þannig er saga okkar“: Um sagnritunarsjálfsögur og skáldsöguna Hundadaga eftir Einar Má Guðmundsson." Íslenskar kvikmyndir 19, no. 2 (October 24, 2019): 249–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33112/ritid.19.2.10.

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The ambiguity between reality and fiction haunts Einar Már Guðmundsson’s novel Hundadagar (Dog Days, 2015), as it is a fictional narrative about factual, historical figures and events, such as Jörgen Jörgensen, Rev. Jón Steingrímsson, Finnur Magnússon and Guðrún Johnsen, while the same can be said about many other novels labeled as postmodernism. Canadian literary scholar Linda Hutcheon coined the concept of historiographic metafiction to describe fictions as such, which are “intensely self-reflexive”, while “paradoxically lay claim to historical events and personages”. Hutcheon suggests that historiographic metafictions fully illuminate the very way in which postmodernism entangles itself with both the epistemological and ontological status of history. This paper begins with an introduction to Hutcheon’s theoretical contributions on postmodernism, postmodern literature and the relationship between history and fiction, followed by a reading of Hundadagar as a historiographic metafiction. The narrator’s strategies—such as parataxis, metanarrative comments, we-narrative discourse and documentary intertext—largely indicate an imitation, a revelation, or say, a parody of the process of historian’s writings. The paper further suggests that it is the Icelandic financial crisis in 2008 that prompts the narrator to revisit the 18. and 19. century, since the financial crisis takes the role of a rupture of the Enlightenment ideals, leading to disorder and chaos. Moreover, the narrator finds an uncanny similarity between the past and the present, as if the history has been repeating itself. The spectre of history keeps (re)appearing in a deferred temporality. While revisiting the past, the narrator also (re)visits the present in an allegorical way. In a word, as a historiographic metafiction, Einar Már Guðmundsson’s Hundadagar is “fundamentally contradictory, resolutely historical, and inescapably political”, just as Hutcheon’s perception of postmodernism.

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17

Hirsch, Galia. "It’s all in the attitude." Translation and Interpreting Studies 15, no. 2 (April 6, 2020): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/tis.19004.hir.

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Abstract Building on various theoretical approaches to translation (Hickey 1998; Bassnett 2001), this article demonstrates the intersection between translation and parody (Aoyama and Wakabayashi 1999) by comparing two musical texts: Rachid Taha’s “Douce France” and Seu Jorge’s Portuguese translation of David Bowie’s “Life on Mars?”. According to Linda Hutcheon’s (1985) view of parody as a form of repetition maintaining a critical distance, both texts are parodic. Each parody presents a very different attitude, which influences their ethos. Rachid Taha’s cover involves irony, which often marks parody (Hutcheon 1985), and thus a negative ethos: criticizing his new country for grievances against immigrants. Seu Jorge, however, pays tribute to the Bowie song he translates. These observations illustrate the close relationship between parody and translation.

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18

Engelbrecht, G. C., and P. H. Foster. "Politieke herskrywings van die Ons(e) Vader-gebed in vier Afrikaanse gedigte." Literator 32, no. 2 (June 22, 2011): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/lit.v32i2.10.

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Political rewritings of the Our Father prayer in four Afrikaans poems. The utilisation of religious elements is a prominent trend in Afrikaans poetry − often in service of the political struggle, for example during the apartheid years. In this article four rewritings of the “Our Father” prayer are examined, using Linda Hutcheon’s theory of parody, as discussed in (among others), her pioneering work, “A theory of parody” (2000). For Hutcheon, parody does not necessarily imply ridiculing a previous text. According to her well-known definition, parody is “ironic transcontextualization, is repetition with difference. A critical distance is implied between the backgrounded text being parodied and the new incorporating work, a distance usually signaled by irony.” The rewritings of the “Our Father” by Jan Blom (Breyten Breytenbach), Ronnie Belcher and André Letoit (Koos Kombuis) are distinct examples of ironic inversion, while in Hans du Plessis’s poem (in Griqua Afrikaans) the irony is less obvious and the critique (if any) more subdued. As Hutcheon explains and motivates, parody does not always take place at the expense of the parodied text. Thus the parodical rewritings of the “Our Father” need not necessarily be seen as destructive and belittling of the prayer itself, but as critically constructive vis-à-vis the Christian community.

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19

Hutchins, Beth. "Development of a Reference Material for Characterizing Adenovirus Vectors." BioProcessing Journal 1, no. 1 (March 30, 2002): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.12665/j11.hutchins.

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20

Studwell, William E., and Dorothy Jones. "Charles L. Hutchins." Music Reference Services Quarterly 6, no. 4 (March 4, 1998): 49–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j116v06n04_11.

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21

Nordenstreng, Kaarle. "Hutchins goes global." Communication Law and Policy 3, no. 3 (June 1998): 419–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10811689809368659.

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22

Naish, John. "High rise hutches." Nursing Standard 3, no. 21 (February 19, 1989): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.3.21.49.s75.

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23

Puchal Terol, Victoria. "Pernicious Female Role Models and Mid-Victorian London’s Stage." Clepsydra. Revista de Estudios de Género y Teoría Feminista, no. 20 (2021): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.25145/j.clepsydra.2021.20.03.

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Hutcheon identifies as ‘historiographic metafiction’ those pieces of fiction that expose that our cultural perception of past events is changing and malleable (129). Even though Hutcheon’s theory of historiographic metafiction has been mainly applied to fiction from the post-modern era, certain elements of historical inspiration can be traced back to fiction from the Victorian period. In this article, I propose to turn to the popular theatre of the mid-Victorian period to scrutinize the manipulation of historical female figures, paying close attention to the representation of Lucrezia Borgia as a strong-minded woman. To do so, I analyse the mid-nineteenth century as a moment for asking questions about feminine identity, feminist movements, and alternative representations of female history. By turning to lesser-known mid-Victorian popular plays by H.J. Byron, Charles Matthews, and Leicester Buckingham I will further contribute to an ongoing archaeological task of recovering lost female voices and interpretations from our recent past.

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24

Collins, Kim A. "Grover M. Hutchins, MD." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 134, no. 11 (November 1, 2010): 1581–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2010-0459-im.1.

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25

Moore, G. William, and Ralph H. Hruban. "Dr. Groven M. Hutchins." Cardiovascular Pathology 20, no. 1 (January 2011): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carpath.2010.06.003.

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26

Bakony, M., G. Kiss, L. Kovács, and V. Jurkovich. "The effect of hutch compass direction on primary heat stress responses in dairy calves in a continental region." Animal Welfare 30, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 315–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.7120/09627286.30.3.009.

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Heat stress reduction in hutch-reared dairy calves is overlooked on most dairy farms. We hypothesised that during summer, the microclimate within hutches is directly affected by compass direction as a result of differences in exposure to solar radiation. On a bright, midAugust day a number of behavioural and physiological heat stress response measures (respiratory rate, body posture, being in the shade or sun) were recorded in 20-min intervals from 0720–1900h on calves housed in hutches with entrances facing all four points of the compass. In conjunction with this, dry bulb (ambient) and black globe temperatures, and wind speed were recorded both inside the plastic hutches and at one sunny site at the exterior. Data were compared in terms of distinct periods of the day (0720–1100, 1120– 1500, 1520–1900h). Dry bulb temperatures were higher inside hutches compared to outside while for black globe temperatures the opposite was true. Daily average temperatures and respiratory rates did not differ between hutches facing different compass points. In the morning and afternoon, hutch temperature and calf respiratory rate differed relative to compass point. Calves in east- and northfacing hutches were seen more in the shade than those in south- and west-facing ones. Our conclusion was that in a continental region having hutch entrances face towards the east or north confers some advantages in mitigating severe solar heat load in summer.

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27

Roche, Michael. "David Hutchins in Australia 1914 - 1915: the Penultimate Chapter in the Career of an Imperial Forester." Historical Records of Australian Science 21, no. 2 (2010): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr09023.

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David Hutchins, after a distinguished career in forestry in India and Africa, visited Australia as part of the British Association for the Advancement of Science tour in 1914. This paper reconstructs Hutchins' tour and considers how it prepared him for writing a controversial report published in 1916 as Discussion on Australian Forestry. Reactions to the report are also considered. The place that Hutchins occupies in the Australian forest history literature is reassessed, particularly the interplay between his preconceived ideas and local experiences. Discussion on Australian Forestry is interpreted as the last major, though not unequivocal, success in his long career in forestry.

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28

Thomas, Ashely. "‘What happened to the truth is not recorded’: Anticipating the Shift from Postmodern Consumer Culture to Post-Truth in Julian Barnes’s Flaubert’s Parrot." Excursions Journal 9, no. 1 (January 25, 2020): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20919/exs.9.2019.238.

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This paper will explore the concept of “fakeness” in Julian Barnes’ Flaubert’s Parrot. Defining “fake” as something “formed by or adapted to an artificial or conventional standard,” I will show how Barnes’ novel exposes the “fakeness” of historical knowledge. Utilizing Linda Hutcheon’s theories regarding postmodern literature—as well has Hayden White’s theories regarding historiography—I will analyze how Flaubert’s Parrot fakes literary biography, historical documents, academic conventions, female voices, and even the novel itself. This paper shows how Flaubert’s Parrot exposes the weaknesses in our understanding of history, as well as our willingness to believe in problematic historical narratives. More than this, my paper will show how Barnes’ novel ultimately succumbs to the narrative conventionality that it claims to subvert—illustrating how it is impossible to escape factitious conventions if one wants to impart a sense of meaning. Flaubert’s Parrot serves as a case study within the fields of deconstruction, narrative theory, and historiography—showing how problematic historical accounts can easily mime conventional academic standards and be readily accepted by readers. My study of Flaubert’s Parrot is particularly relevant with regard to our “Post-Truth” political era, as it shows how the quest to include multiple truths in the historical narrative can be taken advantage of in order to include lies. Flaubert’s Parrot emphasizes Linda Hutcheon’s claim that our understanding of history is based upon unreliable “traces” and “relics,” and is susceptible to being radically altered by the addition or subtraction of historical “relics” (Hutcheon 119). Although Flaubert’s Parrot problematizes our system of historical knowledge, its ultimate submission to the conventional novel form shows that it may be impossible to escape from the factitious conventions that shape our modes of knowledge.

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29

Reuscher, KR, AL Willits, ER Jordan, and BW Jones. "Calf hutch style effects on temperature humidity index and calf performance." Journal of Dairy, Veterinary & Animal Research 8, no. 5 (November 18, 2019): 185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/jdvar.2019.08.00266.

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The study objective was to evaluate the difference in calf weight gain and temperature humidity index (THI) in four hutch styles. Holstein calves (n = 120) were housed in four styles of hutches. No significant differences (P ≥ 0.05) existed for calf weight gain between hutches A, B, C, and D (60.32 ± 1.76, 59.93 ± 1.93, 57.09 ± 1.95, and 57.31 ± 1.98 kg, respectively). When outside THI was above 25 oC, the THI varied (P < 0.05) between hutches A, B, C, and D (26.88 oC ± 0.06, 25.99 oC ± 0.09, 26.23 ± 0.06, 25.74 ± 0.07, respectively).

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30

Biel, Steven, Milton Mayer, and John H. Hicks. "Robert Maynard Hutchins: A Memoir." History of Education Quarterly 34, no. 1 (1994): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369255.

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31

Wright, John, and Milton Mayer. "Robert Maynard Hutchins: A Memoir." Chicago Review 41, no. 2/3 (1995): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25305966.

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32

Quealy-Gainer, Kate. "Drift by M. K. Hutchins." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 67, no. 11 (2014): 579. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2014.0583.

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33

Begg, L. "David Robert Hutchins 1926–2019." Australian Veterinary Journal 98, no. 1-2 (January 2020): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/avj.12907.

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34

Gonders, Susan, and David S. Webster. "Hutchins: Still Fascinating, Still Provoking." Review of Higher Education 19, no. 3 (1996): 327–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/rhe.1996.0024.

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35

Thompson, Hilary. "An Interview with Pat Hutchins." Children's Literature Association Quarterly 10, no. 2 (1985): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/chq.0.0416.

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36

McClary, Susan. "Opera: Desire, Disease, Death . Linda Hutcheon , Michael Hutcheon ." Journal of the American Musicological Society 50, no. 1 (April 1997): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.1997.50.1.03a00060.

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37

Zhao, Wanying, Christopher Choi, Lin Ru, Zhengxiang Shi, and Hao Li. "Effect of Rearing Systems on Growth Performance, Lying/Standing Behavior, Morbidity, and Immunity Parameters of Pre-Weaned Dairy Calves in a Continental Zone in Winter." Agriculture 12, no. 9 (September 18, 2022): 1496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12091496.

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On dairy farms, calves are typically raised inside barns (either in individual or group pens), or they are raised in outdoor hutches. To evaluate the effect of all three of these commonly used rearing practices on calves, an experiment was conducted. A group of 58 Holstein dairy female healthy calves (3 days of age) was randomly divided into three subgroups (outdoor hutches, individual-housed, and group-housed in a barn). The body weight, lying bouts, lying time, and immunity parameters of each calf were monitored, and the ambient temperature and relative humidity were measured. The average temperatures outside and in the barn and hutches were −16.67 °C, −15.26 °C, and −15.59 °C, respectively, from 22 November 2020 to 27 January 2021. All calves suffered from cold stress. Group-housed calves weighed significantly less than the other calves at the ages of 1 month and 2 month (p < 0.05). The lying time of the calves housed in individual pens and group pens was longer (p < 0.05) than that of the calves housed in hutches. The morbidity attributable to bovine respiratory disease was significantly lower among the calves housed in hutches than it was among the calves housed either individually or in group pens inside the barn (p < 0.05). No significant differences in the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were found between the three groups (p > 0.05). On the basis of these findings, we were able to conclude that calves housed in outdoor hutches were at a lower risk of developing a disease than were calves housed in barns without heating in winter. To optimize the management process, heating should be added to hutch systems. Moreover, more rigorous disease and environmental control management strategies should be applied when raising calves inside barns.

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38

Karpenya, M. M., V. N. Podrez, А. М. Karpenya, Yu V. Shamich, S. L. Karpenya, A. V. Lantsov, and I. N. Shupenich. "RATE OF GROWTH AND SAFETY OF CALVES WITH DIFFERENT DURATION OF REARING IN INDIVIDUAL HUTCHES." Transactions of the educational establishment “Vitebsk the Order of “the Badge of Honor” State Academy of Veterinary Medicine 57, no. 2 (2021): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.52368/2078-0109-2021-57-2-114-118.

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As a result of the studies, it was found that from birth to 6 months of age calves reared in individual hutches up to 60 days of age grew more intensively compared to reared up to 30 and 45 days of age. Their live weight was by 3.3% (P<0.05) higher compared to their herd mates’ kept in hutches up to 30 days of age; the average daily increase in live weight was by 4.0% (P<0.05) higher, and the relative growth rate – by 3.0 p. p. in young animals kept in individual hutches up to 45 days of age, by 1.6%, 2.7% 2.0 p. p, respectively. The safety of calves in all experimental groups was 100%.

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39

Martínez, Sergio F. "Edward Hutchins, Cognition in the Wild." Crítica (México D. F. En línea) 27, no. 81 (January 8, 1995): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/iifs.18704905e.1995.1030.

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40

O’Dell, Kathy. "In the Field with Alice Hutchins." Women & Performance: a journal of feminist theory 19, no. 3 (November 2009): 411–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07407700903399565.

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41

Button, Graham. "Cognition in the Wild, Edwin Hutchins." Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) 6, no. 4 (December 1997): 391–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/a:1008642111457.

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42

Solomon, Miriam. "Cognition in the Wild. Edwin Hutchins." Philosophy of Science 64, no. 1 (March 1997): 181–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/392542.

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43

Vordermark, Jonathan S., and George E. Deshon. "Foley and hutchins needle = councill catheter." Urology 38, no. 3 (September 1991): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0090-4295(91)80357-d.

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44

Jancovich, Mark. "Remembering Peter Hutchings." Horror Studies 9, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host.9.1.3_2.

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45

McClary, Susan. "Review: Opera: Desire, Disease, Death by Linda Hutcheon, Michael Hutcheon." Journal of the American Musicological Society 50, no. 1 (1997): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/832065.

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46

Atkinson, Paul. "Opera: Desire, Disease, Death by Linda Hutcheon and Michael Hutcheon." Body & Society 3, no. 1 (March 1997): 127–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x97003001010.

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47

Kopelson, Kevin. "Opera: The Art of Dying by Linda Hutcheon, Michael Hutcheon." ESC: English Studies in Canada 30, no. 4 (2004): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esc.2004.0073.

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48

Němečková, D., I. Knížková, P. Kunc, and L. Stádník. "The effect of the design of housing systems for calves on the microclimatic conditions of the rearing environment." Archives Animal Breeding 56, no. 1 (October 10, 2013): 509–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7482/0003-9438-56-049.

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Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare microclimatic conditions in three different housing systems designed for calf rearing – individual wooden hutches, individual tarpaulin hutches and individual pens under shelter – and to evaluate the thermal comfort of calves reared in these systems. Air temperature, relative air humidity and the rectal temperature of calves (n=324) were measured in the hutches and pens during three consecutive years. The hypothesis that the climatic conditions of different housing system designs used in calf rearing affect the thermal comfort of calves was confirmed, as the design of the individual housing systems affected microclimatic conditions and subsequently the rectal temperature of the housed calves as well. Statistically significant differences (P<0.05) were found between the shelter and individual outdoor calf hutches in relation to the measured parameters. In the summer, the shelter showed a significantly (P<0.05) lower air temperature and significantly higher level of both relative air humidity and calf rectal temperature. These significantly higher rectal temperatures in both summer and in transitional periods (from March to June and from September to December) can be explained by microclimatic conditions and specifically by the combination of air temperature and the highest relative humidity that caused less comfortable microclimatic conditions for calves. The high relative humidity is probably caused by inadequate ventilation under the shelter. Therefore, new technology of calf housing under shelter could be recommended as suitable housing only if adequate ventilation is provided.

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49

Herbst, Jurgen, and Mary Ann Dzuback. "Robert M. Hutchins: Portrait of an Educator." American Historical Review 97, no. 5 (December 1992): 1620. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2166126.

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50

McArthur, Benjamin, and Mary Ann Dzuback. "Robert M. Hutchins: Portrait of an Educator." Journal of American History 79, no. 3 (December 1992): 1232. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2080927.

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