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Статті в журналах з теми "Humidity Calibrator"
1
Athavale, Vijay Anant, Abhilash Pati, A. K. M. Bellal Hossain, and Sari Luthfiyah. "INCU Analyzer for Infant Incubator Based on Android Application Using Bluetooth Communication to Improve Calibration Monitoring." Jurnal Teknokes 15, no. 1 (March 16, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/teknokes.v15i1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Worldwide, over 4 million babies die within a month of birth each year. Of these, 3.9 million are in developing countries. A proportion approximately 25% of these deaths are due to complications of premature birth, most commonly inadequate thermoregulation, water loss, and neonatal jaundice. An infant incubator provides stable temperature, relative humidity, and airflow values. A periodical calibration should be applied on infant incubator to monitor the functionality. The study aims to develop a calibration device that measures temperature, humidity, airflow, and noise in the baby incubator based on an Android application with Bluetooth communication to improve the calibration monitoring process. This is to achieve a better performance of the conventional INCU analyzer. The contribution of this research is that the values of the temperature, humidity, airflow, and noise can be displayed on both devices, the INCU analyzer machine, and mobile phone; thus, the user can monitor the measurement activities wirelessly. Furthermore, the statistical calculation for all measurements can be saved on a mobile phone device. The main design consists of temperature sensor LM35, humidity sensor DHT22, airflow sensor MPX5010DP, an analog signal conditioning circuit, an Arduino Mega microcontroller, Bluetooth module HC05, and Android mobile phone. The resulting design was compared to the standard or calibrator INCU analyzer machine (Fluke Biomedical INCU II). This study found that the smallest error is -1.72%°C, -0.106 % RH, -1.727% dB, and <0.1% m/s for temperature, humidity, noise, and airflow parameters, respectively. After the evaluation process, this device can be used as an INCU analyzer to calibrate the infant incubator.
2
Azkiyak, Vina Nadhirotul, Syaifudin Syaifudin, and Dyah Titisari. "Incubator Analyzer Using Bluetooth Android Display (Humidity & Air Flow)." Indonesian Journal of electronics, electromedical engineering, and medical informatics 1, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35882/ijeeemi.v1i2.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract— Incubator Analyzer is a calibrator used to calibrate incubator temperature, mattress temperature, noise, humidity and airflow so that conditions in the baby incubator environment remain stable and within normal limits. The purpose of this study is to develop a system for sending data to android and data storage. "Incubator Analyzer Using Bluetooth Appear Android" has four parameters for measuring temperature, noise, humidity, and water flow. Using the Atmega328 microcontroller as a data processor, and the output results will be displayed on the LCD display and equipped with data transmission via bluetooth HC-05 displayed to Android with data storage. The moisture parameter detects humidity quite well where the biggest error is obtained at 1.28% DHT-22, the Ultrasound Sensor HC SR-04 can detect Air Flow with an error of 311.66% as measured by a comparison device. Incubator Design This analyzer is made portable to calibrate baby incubator tools.
3
Birks, John W., Andrew A. Turnipseed, Peter C. Andersen, Craig J. Williford, Stanley Strunk, Brian Carpenter, and Christine A. Ennis. "Portable calibrator for NO based on the photolysis of N<sub>2</sub>O and a combined NO<sub>2</sub>∕NO∕O<sub>3</sub> source for field calibrations of air pollution monitors." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 2 (March 3, 2020): 1001–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-1001-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A highly portable calibration source of nitric oxide (NO) based on the photolysis of nitrous oxide (N2O) supplied by 8 or 16 g disposable cartridges is demonstrated to serve as an accurate and reliable transfer standard for the calibration of NO monitors in the field. The instrument provides output mixing ratios in the range 0–1000 ppb with a precision and accuracy better than the greater of 3 ppb or 3 % of the target NO mixing ratio over a wide range of environmental conditions of ambient temperature (8.5–35.0 ∘C), pressure (745–1015 mbar corresponding to 2.7–0.0 km of elevation), and relative humidity (0 %–100 % RH). The combination of the NO calibration source with a previously described ozone calibration source based on the photolysis of oxygen in air provides a new instrument capable of outputting calibrated mixing ratios of NO, ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), where the NO2 is produced by the stoichiometric gas-phase reaction of NO with O3. The portable NO2/NO/O3 calibration source requires no external gas cylinders and can be used for calibrations of NO, NO2, and O3 instruments for mixing ratios up to 1000, 500, and 1000 ppb, respectively. This portable calibrator may serve as a convenient transfer standard for field calibrations of ozone and NOx air pollution monitors.
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Birks, John W., Craig J. Williford, Peter C. Andersen, Andrew A. Turnipseed, Stanley Strunk, and Christine A. Ennis. "Portable ozone calibration source independent of changes in temperature, pressure and humidity for research and regulatory applications." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 11, no. 8 (August 16, 2018): 4797–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-11-4797-2018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. A highly portable ozone (O3) calibration source that can serve as a U.S. EPA level 4 transfer standard for the calibration of ozone analyzers is described and evaluated with respect to analytical figures of merit and effects of ambient pressure and humidity. Reproducible mixing ratios of ozone are produced by the photolysis of oxygen in O3-scrubbed ambient air by UV light at 184.9 nm light from a low-pressure mercury lamp. By maintaining a constant volumetric flow rate (thus constant residence time within the photolysis chamber), the mixing ratio produced is independent of both pressure and temperature and can be varied by varying the lamp intensity. Pulse width modulation of the lamp with feedback from a photodiode monitoring the 253.7 nm emission line is used to maintain target ozone mixing ratios in the range 30–1000 ppb. In order to provide a constant ratio of intensities at 253.7 and 184.9 nm, the photolysis chamber containing the lamp is regulated at a temperature of 40 ∘C. The resulting O3 calibrator has a response time for step changes in output ozone mixing ratio of < 30 s and precision (σp) of 0.4 % of the output mixing ratio for 10 s measurements (e.g., σp=±0.4 ppb for 100 ppb of O3). Ambient humidity was found to affect the output mixing ratio of ozone primarily by dilution of the oxygen precursor. This potential humidity interference could be up to a few percent in extreme cases but is effectively removed by varying the lamp intensity to compensate for the reduced oxygen concentration based on feedback from a humidity sensor.
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Wati, Erna Kusuma, Fitria Hidyanti, and Novi Azman. "DESIGN OF THE POLLUTION GAS CARBON MONOXIDE (CO) MONITORING SYSTEM BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER." Spektra: Jurnal Fisika dan Aplikasinya 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/spektra.051.01.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Carbon monoxide is a flammable gas and very toxic to humans, to determine the concentration of carbon monoxide (CO) gas requires a tool that can measure the concentration of the gas. The design of the CO gas monitoring measuring instrument in this study has dimensions of 11cm x 8.6 cm x 2.9 cm using the MQ-135 sensor, Arduino Uno microcontroller to control and process the signal, to display temperature and humidity with a 4.2 Inch LCD. Krisbow KD09-224 Carbon Monoxide Meter is a comparison tool or calibrator, against our monitoring gauges. Testing by experimenting as much as 15 times, to determine the value of the measurement uncertainty. Based on the results of the data when testing, the average amount of measurement = 103.33, with a standard deviation δ 1.29, and the uncertainty value of the measurement results is 0,33 %. Thus the system can be used as monitoring of CO gas pollution in units of ppm (parts per million).
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Novais, Jonathan Willian Zangeski, Ana Cristina Hillesheim, Naiara Cristina Fank, Louyse Siqueira Varella Oliveira, Naara Soares dos Santos Brito, Dahiane Dos Santos Oliveira Zangeski, and Bárbara Bella Pereira de Oliveira. "Técnica de Calibração de Sensores Meteorológicos de Temperatura e Umidade Relativa do ar Utilizando um Sensor de Referência." UNICIÊNCIAS 24, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17921/1415-5141.2020v24n1p30-33.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Em pesquisas ambientais é comum a utilização de mais de um sensor meteorológico para medições, principalmente, para medições espacializadas. Porém pode ocorrer erro na coleta espacializada, quando os sensores são diferentes. Nesse contexto, por meio da regressão linear se pode calibrar as medições dos sensores utilizados em função de um sensor de referência. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma técnica de calibração de sensores meteorológicos, focado nas variáveis temperatura do ar e umidade relativa do ar, utilizando um sensor de referência, e fazendo a aplicação posterior em campo. Os sensores foram calibrados em ambiente controlado, em que se podia controlar a temperatura do ar e a umidade relativa do ar, de forma a submeter os sensores a uma amplitude maior de variações, variando de 25 ºC a 45 ºC de temperatura do ar e de 20% a 60% de umidade relativa do ar. Os resultados das regressões lineares foram considerados satisfatórios, uma vez que todos os coeficientes angulares e lineares foram considerados significativos e o menor coeficiente de determinação (R²) foi de 0,91. Após a calibração foram feitas medidas meteorológicas no Parque das Águas, Cuiabá-MT, de modo a aplicar as regressões em dados reais. As regressões corrigiram diferenças máximas de 0,9 ºC de temperatura do ar e 8,6% de umidade relativa do ar. Conclui-se que a metodologia é válida para a calibração de sensores diferentes em relação a um sensor de referência, podendo ser uma estratégia interessante para os pesquisadores, que não possuem diversos sensores calibrados.
Palavras-chave: Temperatura do Ar. Umidade Relativa do Ar. Estação Meteorológica. Termohigrômetro.
Abstract
In environmental research it is common to use more than one meteorological sensor for measurements, mainly for spatialized measurements. However, there may be an error in the spatial collection when the sensors are different. In this context, through linear regression, it is possible to calibrate the measurements of the sensors used in function of a reference sensor. Thus, this work aims to present a calibration technique of meteorological sensors, focused on the variables air temperature and the air relative humidity, using a reference sensor, and making the subsequent application in the field. The sensors were calibrated in a controlled environment, in which air temperature and relative humidity could be controlled, in order to subject the sensors to a greater range of variations, ranging from 25 ºC to 45 ºC and 20% at 60% relative humidity. The linear regressions results were considered satisfactory, since all the angular and linear coefficients were considered significant and the lowest determination coefficient (R²) was 0.91. After calibration, meteorological measurements were made in Parque das Águas, Cuiabá-MT, in order to apply the regressions to real data. The regressions corrected maximum differences of 0.9ºC of air temperature and 8.6% of relative air humidity. It is concluded that the methodology is valid for the calibration of different sensors in relation to a reference sensor, which can be an interesting strategy for researchers who do not have several calibrated sensors.
Keywords: Air Temperature. Relative Humidity. Weather Station. Thermohygrometer.
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Marno, Daniel, Cheryl Ernest, Korbinian Hens, Umar Javed, Thomas Klimach, Monica Martinez, Markus Rudolf, Jos Lelieveld, and Hartwig Harder. "Calibration of an airborne HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> instrument using the All Pressure Altitude-based Calibrator for HO<sub><i>x</i></sub> Experimentation (APACHE)." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13, no. 5 (May 27, 2020): 2711–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-2711-2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a widely used technique for both laboratory-based and ambient atmospheric chemistry measurements. However, LIF instruments require calibrations in order to translate instrument response into concentrations of chemical species. Calibration of LIF instruments measuring OH and HO2 (HOx) typically involves the photolysis of water vapor by 184.9 nm light, thereby producing quantitative amounts of OH and HO2. For ground-based HOx instruments, this method of calibration is done at one pressure (typically ambient pressure) at the instrument inlet. However, airborne HOx instruments can experience varying cell pressures, internal residence times, temperatures, and humidity during flight. Therefore, replication of such variances when calibrating in the lab is essential to acquire the appropriate sensitivities. This requirement resulted in the development of the APACHE (All Pressure Altitude-based Calibrator for HOx Experimentation) chamber to characterize the sensitivity of the airborne LIF-FAGE (fluorescence assay by gas expansion) HOx instrument, HORUS, which took part in an intensive airborne campaign, OMO-Asia 2015. It utilizes photolysis of water vapor but has the additional ability to alter the pressure at the nozzle of the HORUS instrument. With APACHE, the HORUS instrument sensitivity towards OH (26.1–7.8 cts s−1 pptv−1 mW−1, ±22.6 % 1σ; cts stands for counts by the detector) and HO2 (21.2–8.1 cts s−1 pptv−1 mW−1, ±22.1 % 1σ) was characterized to the external pressure range at the instrument nozzle of 227–900 mbar. Measurements supported by a computational fluid dynamics model, COMSOL Multiphysics, revealed that, for all pressures explored in this study, APACHE is capable of initializing a homogenous flow and maintaining near-uniform flow speeds across the internal cross section of the chamber. This reduces the uncertainty regarding average exposure times across the mercury (Hg) UV ring lamp. Two different actinometrical approaches characterized the APACHE UV ring lamp flux as 6.37×1014(±1.3×1014) photons cm−2 s−1. One approach used the HORUS instrument as a transfer standard in conjunction with a calibrated on-ground calibration system traceable to NIST standards, which characterized the UV ring lamp flux to be 6.9(±1.1)×1014 photons cm−2 s−1. The second approach involved measuring ozone production by the UV ring lamp using an ANSYCO O3 41 M ozone monitor, which characterized the UV ring lamp flux to be 6.11(±0.8)×1014 photons cm−2 s−1. Data presented in this study are the first direct calibrations of an airborne HOx instrument, performed in a controlled environment in the lab using APACHE.
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Milosevic, Nenad, Nenad Stepanic, and Marijana Babic. "A relative humidity calibration from 5°C to 45°C in a mixed-flow humidity generator." Thermal Science 16, no. 1 (2012): 193–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci1201193m.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The paper presents a method used in the Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences for a reliable and traceable relative humidity calibration in the temperature range from 5?C to 45?C. Inside a controllable temperature and humidity environment, supplied by a mixed-flow humidity generator, measurements of hygrometers under calibration are compared with those of calibrated reference instruments. A traceability chain from temperature to reference relative humidity and next to the hygrometers under calibrations is provided by using a chilled-mirror dew-point temperature system and precise relative humidity probes. Corresponding calibration uncertainties are analyzed, particularly those associated to the temperature uniformity of controlled calibration environment. Two examples of relative humidity calibration with dew-point and relative humidity reference measurements in the range from 15 to 75% of RH and 5?C to 45?C are presented and discussed.
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Ladino, Karla S., Michael P. Sama, and Victoria L. Stanton. "Development and Calibration of Pressure-Temperature-Humidity (PTH) Probes for Distributed Atmospheric Monitoring Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are increasingly being used for meteorology and atmospheric monitoring. The ease of deployment makes distributed sensing of parameters such as barometric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity in the lower atmospheric boundary layer feasible. However, constraints on payload size and weight, and to a lesser extent power, limit the types of sensors that can be deployed. The objective of this work was to develop a miniature pressure-temperature-humidity (PTH) probe for UAS integration. A set of eight PTH probes were fabricated and calibrated/validated using an environmental chamber. An automated routine was developed to facilitate calibration and validation from a large set of temperature and relative humidity setpoints. Linear regression was used to apply temperature and relative humidity calibrations. Barometric pressure was calibrated using a 1-point method consisting of an offset. The resulting PTH probes were less than 4 g in mass and consumed less than 1 mA when operated from a 5 VDC source. Measurements were transmitted as a formatted string in ASCII format at 1 Hz over a 3.3 V TTL UART. Prior to calibration, measurements between individual PTH probes were significantly different. After calibration, no significant differences in temperature measurements across all PTH probes were observed, and the level of significance between PTH probes was reduced. Actual differences between calibrated PTH probes were likely to be negligible for most UAS-based applications, regardless of significance. RMSE across all calibrated PTH probes for the pressure, temperature, and relative humidity was less than 31 Pa, 0.13 °C, and 0.8% RH, respectively. The resulting calibrated PTH probes will improve the ability to quantify small variations in ambient conditions during coordinated multi-UAS flights.
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Ladino, Karla S., Michael P. Sama, and Victoria L. Stanton. "Development and Calibration of Pressure-Temperature-Humidity (PTH) Probes for Distributed Atmospheric Monitoring Using Unmanned Aircraft Systems." Sensors 22, no. 9 (April 24, 2022): 3261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22093261.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Small unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) are increasingly being used for meteorology and atmospheric monitoring. The ease of deployment makes distributed sensing of parameters such as barometric pressure, temperature, and relative humidity in the lower atmospheric boundary layer feasible. However, constraints on payload size and weight, and to a lesser extent power, limit the types of sensors that can be deployed. The objective of this work was to develop a miniature pressure-temperature-humidity (PTH) probe for UAS integration. A set of eight PTH probes were fabricated and calibrated/validated using an environmental chamber. An automated routine was developed to facilitate calibration and validation from a large set of temperature and relative humidity setpoints. Linear regression was used to apply temperature and relative humidity calibrations. Barometric pressure was calibrated using a 1-point method consisting of an offset. The resulting PTH probes were less than 4 g in mass and consumed less than 1 mA when operated from a 5 VDC source. Measurements were transmitted as a formatted string in ASCII format at 1 Hz over a 3.3 V TTL UART. Prior to calibration, measurements between individual PTH probes were significantly different. After calibration, no significant differences in temperature measurements across all PTH probes were observed, and the level of significance between PTH probes was reduced. Actual differences between calibrated PTH probes were likely to be negligible for most UAS-based applications, regardless of significance. RMSE across all calibrated PTH probes for the pressure, temperature, and relative humidity was less than 31 Pa, 0.13 °C, and 0.8% RH, respectively. The resulting calibrated PTH probes will improve the ability to quantify small variations in ambient conditions during coordinated multi-UAS flights.
Дисертації з теми "Humidity Calibrator"
1
TABANDEH, SHAHIN. "Advances in Humidity Standards." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2745353.
Повний текст джерела
2
Tong, Jingbo. "MEASUREMENT AND MODELING OF HUMIDITY SENSORS." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/ece_etds/59.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Humidity measurement has been increasingly important in many industries and process control applications. This thesis research focus mainly on humidity sensor calibration and characterization. The humidity sensor instrumentation is briefly described. The testing infrastructure was designed for sensor data acquisition, in order to compensate the humidity sensor’s temperature coefficient, temperature chambers using Peltier elements are used to achieve easy-controllable stable temperatures. The sensor characterization falls into a multivariate interpolation problem. Neuron networks is tried for non-linear data fitting, but in the circumstance of limited training data, an innovative algorithm was developed to utilize shape preserving polynomials in multiple planes in this kind of multivariate interpolation problems.
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LIMA, LUIZ ALBERTO DOS SANTOS. "CRITICAL ANALYSIS FOR DIFFERENT AVAILABLE METHODOLOGIES FOR HUMIDITY MEASUREMENT TO BE USED BY A CALIBRATION LABORATORY." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2004. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=5705@1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recentemente, a umidade vem sendo um dos parâmetros cujas
necessidades de medição e controle mais se desenvolvem
especialmente em
processos os farmacêuticos, de biotecnologia,
automobilísticos, além de
instalações de ar condicionado. A necessidade de expansão
da rede de laboratórios
de calibração de umidade, rastreados à Rede Brasileira de
Calibração, torna-se
cada vez maior para atender a demanda da indústria, além de
contribuir para a
melhoria dos níveis de incerteza de medição. Este trabalho
tem como objetivo
uma análise crítica das diferentes metodologias de medição
de umidade para uso
em laboratórios de calibração. Foram avaliadas as mais
utilizadas expressões para
a pressão parcial de vapor, visando o cálculo de umidade, e
foi realizada uma
comparação com a formulação de Sonntag, a mais aceita na
comunidade
metrológica internacional. Foi também analisada uma
comparação entre alguns
dos softwares disponíveis na internet para o cálculo dos
principais parâmetros de
umidade, tomando como referência a mesma formulação. Dentre
os fatores de
possível influência nas medições de umidade, foi avaliado o
comportamento da
mistura ar seco-vapor d´água como gás ideal e real, bem com
as alterações na
composição do ar. Foi feita uma análise das principais
fontes de incerteza de
medição seguindo a metodologia de medição de umidade a
partir da temperatura
de ponto de orvalho. Finalmente, o objetivo deste trabalho
é apresentar aos
laboratórios de calibração de umidade uma análise crítica
das metodologias
disponíveis para medição de umidade, juntamente com as
incertezas alcançadas.Recently, the need of humidity measurement and control has been shown to be of growing interest, especially in processes like pharmaceuticals, biotechnology, automotives, as well as in air conditioning installations. Increasing the number of laboratories, which are traceable to the Brazilian Calibration Network, is a requirement for attending the industry demands, besides contributing towards improving the measurement uncertainty level. This work has as an objective to critically analyze different methods for humidity measurement, to be used by calibration laboratories. The mostly used expressions for calculating vapor partial pressure were evaluated, aiming humidity determination in comparison with Sonntag´s one, the most accepted formulation by the international metrological community. Also, a comparison was made between different softwares, which were available through internet, for calculating the most important humidity parameters, in comparison with results obtained by the same formulation. Among several factors, the dry air and water vapor mixture properties were calculated, considering it as an ideal or a real one, as well as the effect air composition changes on humidity measurement. The contribution of several sources of errors on the combined uncertainty of humidity measurement was examined, following the methodology that uses the dew point as a starting measurement parameter. Finally, the objective of this work is to present the humidity calibration laboratories a critical analysis of the available methodologies for measuring humidity, together with the achieved uncertainties.
4
Parkin, John D. "Microcantilevers : calibration of their spring constants and use as ultrasensitive probes of adsorbed mass." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/3608.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The dynamic properties of several rectangular and V-shaped microcantilevers were investigated. Particular attention was paid to the higher flexural eigenmodes of oscillation. The potential of the higher flexural modes was demonstrated through the use of cantilevers as standalone sensors for adsorbed mass. The mass adsorbed on the surface of a cantilever was in the form of a homogeneous water layer measured as a function of relative humidity. The minimum detectable water layer thicknesses were 13.7 Å, 3.2 Å, 1.1 Å, and 0.7 Å for the first four modes of a rectangular cantilever, clearly demonstrating enhanced accuracy for the higher eigenmodes of oscillation. These thicknesses correspond to minimum detectable masses of 33.5 pg, 7.8 pg, 2.7 pg and 1.7 pg for the first four modes. For quantitative applications the spring constants of each cantilever must be determined. Many methods exist but only a small number can calibrate the higher flexural eigenmodes. A method was developed to simultaneously calibrate all flexural modes of microcantilever sensors. The method was demonstrated for the first four eigenmodes of several rectangular and V-shaped cantilevers with nominal fundamental spring constants in the range of 0.03 to 1.75 N/m. The spring constants were determined with accuracies of 5-10 %. Spring constants of the fundamental mode were generally in agreement with those determined using the Sader method. The method is compatible with existing AFM systems. It relies on a flow of gas from a microchannel and as such poses no risk of damage to the cantilever beam, its tip, or any coating. A related method was developed for the torsional modes of oscillation. Preliminary results are shown for the fundamental mode of a rectangular cantilever. The method can be easily extended to the higher torsional modes, V-shaped cantilevers, and potentially, the flapping modes of the legs of V-shaped microcantilevers.
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FALLEIROS, MARCOS de C. "Medida da umidade do solo com sonda de neutrons." reponame:Repositório Institucional do IPEN, 1994. http://repositorio.ipen.br:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/10363.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Tese (Doutoramento)
IPEN/T
Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN/CNEN-SP
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Krejčí, Jakub. "Snímač kondenzované vlhkosti." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-316392.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master thesis deals with measuring condensed moisture in constructions using measuring moisture porosity material. Market research was performed and were made sensors own construction based on capacity principle and their attributes were measured. In this thesis is also described method, which is used for calibration for conditions in building constructions causing condensation of water.
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Soncela, Rosimaldo. "Técnica da TDR na estimativa da umidade e condutividade elétrica de solo irrigado com água residuária da suinocultura." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2010. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/311.
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Previous issue date: 2010-06-30The swine waste water (SWW) application in soil has become an alternative fertilizer for soil and used as a water reuse. However, special attention must be given to the amount of salt content in such water since succeeding applications can stimulate the saltishness process on soil, which can ask for an indispensable monitoring of salt content in soil. The time-domain reflectometry (TDR) allows for a continuous and simultaneous monitoring of water content and apparent electric conductivity on soil (AEC), in order to make feasible the indirect determination of electric conductivity of soil solution, which can estimate salt content in the soil. Nevertheless, there is a need to obtain and calibrate a model for each type of soil. Thus, this trial aimed at obtaining a volumetric humidity calibration model for a typical Distroferric Red Latosol, as well as studying this technique viability to indirectly determine the electrical conductivity in a soil solution using an empiric equation for the TDR Trase 6050X1 devise. Calibration was performed under laboratory conditions, with deformed samples of the studied soil, conditioned in columns, with a 0.0078 m3 volume. TDR hand-made probes, with three 0.20m-long shafts, were vertically installed in the soil columns, five probes per column, totaling 16 columns. The weighing answers were obtained by digital scales and daily readings with the TDR equipment. To indirectly determine soil solution electric conductivity, deformed and saturated samples were used and saturated with SWW at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, and 80 liters with a soil volume of 0.0225 m3. The SWW was evaporated so that saturated soil got completely dry and sieved in a 2 mm sieve to obtain the air dried fine soil (ADFS). The volumes of dried soils were conditioned in three columns to characterize T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 treatments. The same procedure was carried out for probes calibration. At that moment, four probes were installed by column, totaling 18 columns. The empirical model to estimate the volumetric soil humidity under study showed an adequate degree of determination. At last, It was possible to establish an empirical model that connected AEC recorded by the TDR equipment and electrical conductivity of saturated soil sample (ECss), making possible the use of this technique on soil salinity estimation.
A aplicação de águas residuárias de suinocultura (ARS) no solo vem sendo uma alternativa como forma de adubação e reúso de água. Entretanto, atenção especial deve ser dada à quantidade de sais contidos nessas águas, uma vez que aplicações sucessivas podem favorecer o processo de salinização do solo, tornando-se necessário um monitoramento do teor de sais no solo. A reflectometria no domínio do tempo (TDR) possibilita o monitoramento simultâneo e contínuo do teor de água e da condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CEa) a fim de viabilizar a determinação indireta da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo, a qual possibilita a estimativa do teor de sais no solo. Porém, há necessidade de obtenção e calibração de um modelo para cada tipo de solo. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi obter um modelo de calibração de umidade volumétrica para um Latossolo Vermelho Distroférrico Típico, bem como estudar a viabilidade da técnica na determinação indireta da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo por meio de uma equação empírica para o equipamento TDR Trase 6050X1. A calibração foi realizada em condições de laboratório, utilizando amostras deformadas do solo em estudo, acondicionadas em colunas com volume de 0,0078 m3. As sondas fabricadas artesanalmente da TDR com três hastes e 0,20 m de comprimento foram instaladas verticalmente nas colunas de solo, em um total de cinco sondas por coluna, totalizando 16 colunas. Realizaram-se as pesagens com balança digital e leituras diárias com o equipamento TDR. Para a determinação indireta da condutividade elétrica da solução do solo, foram utilizadas amostras deformadas, as quais foram saturadas com ARS nas taxas de 0, 10, 20, 40, 60 e 80 litros por um volume de 0,0225 m3 de solo. Deixou-se que a ARS evaporasse até que o solo saturado secasse totalmente, peneirado em peneira de 2 mm para formar Terra Fina Seca ao Ar (TFSA). Os volumes de solos secos foram acondicionados em três colunas, caracterizando-se os tratamentos T0, T1, T2, T3, T4 e T5. O mesmo processo ocorreu para a calibração das sondas. Nesta etapa, foram instaladas quatro sondas por coluna totalizando 18 colunas. O modelo empírico para estimativa da umidade volumétrica do solo em estudo apresentou suficiente grau de determinação. Foi possível estabelecer um modelo empírico que relacionou a condutividade elétrica aparente do solo (CETDR) e a condutividade elétrica do extrato saturado do solo (CEes) para viabilizar o uso da técnica na estimativa da salinidade do solo.
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Valdés, Roilan Hernández. "CALIBRAÇÃO DO MODELO SIB2 PARA O CERRADO NO SUDESTE DO BRASIL." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10292.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe land surface models (LSM) are the component of the numerical weather prediction and climate models that represents the processes of interaction between the biosphere and atmosphere. The need to improve the representation of bio-geophysical process stimulated the development of sophisticated parametrization. This development increased the complexity of LSMs and the number of parameters involved. Some of these parameters can be measured, but it does not ensure that the best results will be produced. Therefore, a general strategy is to use field experiments (local) to calibrate these parameters for different vegetation types, minimizing the differences between the simulated and observed value(s) of variable(s) of interest. LSMs are usually calibrated using observation of the sensible (H) and latent (LE) heat flux . Studies including soil moisture (�) in the calibration are less frequent (or restricted to the surface layer), but in forest ecosystems, under seasonal water stress, vertical soil moisture profile in vadose zone is essential for simulating transpiration, CO2 assimilation and the partition between the surface and underground flows. This paper describes the calibration of the Simple Biosphere Model (SiB2) for the Cerrado sensu-stricto, using flux measurements, soil moisture and atmospheric forcings collected in a micrometeorological tower located in Gleba Pé de Gigante, SP, in the period July 2009 to July 2012. For calibration, the SiB2 model was separated into modules that included the radiative, aerodynamic and finally, soil water processes and conductance and photosynthesis. The multi-objective calibration algorithm AMALGAM was applied to each of these modules using as objective functions: the mean square error (RMSE), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), the error of amplitude of the mean cycle annual (ACAM) or hourly (ACH). The calibrated variables were: albedo PAR (�PAR), global albedo (�), friction velocity (u�), net radiation (Rn), latent and sensible heat flux and total water storage (Az) up to two meters deep. Nonetheless, the modular calibration was compared with a global calibration in which only variables LE, H and Az were optimized. The calibration for radiative module allowed to reproduce the seasonal cycle and amplitude for albedo PAR, while the global albedo was lagged temporally and a slightly smaller amplitude than the observation but had considerable improvement compared with that simulated with the original parameters. The balance of radiation was reasonably simulated, with overestimation in winter and spring and it proved to be fundamentally sensitive to downward longwave radiation. The u� was slightly underestimated in the average daily cycle against to observed but had less error than the original parameters. On the other hand, the model discretization in three soil layers failed to represent the hydrological processes in the soil and surface simultaneously for Cerrado. Therefore, the soil structure was changed by introducing vertical root distribution profile, the process of hydraulic redistribution and updating the Green-Ampt infiltration scheme. These schemes were essential to the modeling of hydrologic processes of Cerrado vegetation, which is applicable to other deep root system. The global calibration fairly represented LE, H and Az, but resulted in �PAR anti-correlated, considerable underestimation of the � and u�, also in inconsistent partition for evapotranspiration components.
Os modelos da superfície terrestre (LSMs) são a componente dos modelos numéricos de previsão numérica do tempo e clima que representam os processos de interação entre a biosfera e atmosfera. A necessidade de aperfeiçoar a representação dos processos biogeofísicos estimulou o desenvolvimento de sofisticadas parametrizações, aumentando a complexidade dos LSMs e o número de parâmetros. Alguns desses parâmetros podem ser medidos, mas isso não assegura que melhores resultados serão produzidos devido a erros de amostragem e representatividade das condições experimentais (variabilidade espacial, vertical e a heterogeneidade de superfície). Portanto, uma estratégia geral é usar experimentos de campo (locais) para calibrar esses parâmetros para diferentes tipos de vegetação, minimizando as diferenças entre os valores simulados e observados da(s) variável( is) de interesse. LSMs são geralmente calibrados usando observações dos fluxos de calor sensível (H) e latente (LE). Enquanto estudos que incluam a umidade do solo (�) na calibração são menos frequentes (ou restritos a camada superficial do solo), mas em ecossistemas florestais sujeitos a estresse hídrico sazonal (zona radicular profunda, heterogeneidade vertical) o perfil vertical da umidade do solo na zona vadosa é essencial para simulação da transpiração, assimilação de CO2 e a partição entre os escoamentos superficial e subterrâneo. Esta dissertação descreve a calibração do modelo Simples da Biosfera (SiB2) para o Cerrado sensu-stricto, utilizando medidas de fluxos, umidade do solo e forçantes atmosféricas coletadas em uma torre micrometeorológica localizada na Gleba Pé de Gigante, SP, no período de Julho de 2009 até Julho de 2012. Para a calibração, o modelo SiB2 foi separado em módulos que incluíram os processos radiativos, aerodinâmicos e por último os processos hídricos e de condutância e fotossínteses. O algoritmo de calibração multiobjetivo AMALGAM foi aplicado a cada um desses módulos utilizando nas funções objetivo a raiz do erro quadrático médio (RMSE), eficiência de Nash-Sutcliffe (NSE), erro da amplitude do ciclo médio anual (ACAM) ou horário (ACH). As variáveis calibradas foram: albedo PAR (�PAR), albedo global (�), velocidade de fricção (u�), saldo de radiação (Rn), fluxo de calor latente e sensível e armazenamento total de água (Az) até dois metros de profundidade. No entanto, a calibração por módulos foi comparada com uma calibração global na qual somente foram otimizadas as variáveis LE, H e Az. A calibração do módulo radiativo permitiu reproduzir o ciclo sazonal e amplitude do albedo PAR, enquanto o albedo global ficou defasado temporalmente e com amplitude levemente menor que a observação, porém teve razoável melhora quando comparado com o simulado com os parâmetros originais. O saldo de radiação foi razoavelmente simulado, apresentando superestimativa no inverno e primavera e mostrou-se sensível fundamentalmente à parametrização de radiação de onda longa incidente. Enquanto a u� subestimou levemente o ciclo médio diário observado mas teve erro menor que a configuração original. Por outro lado, a discretização de três camadas do solo do modelo não conseguiu representar os processos hidrológicos no solo e superfície simultaneamente do Cerrado. Mudou-se, portanto, a estrutura de solo, introduzindo o perfil vertical de distribuição de raízes, o processo de redistribuição hidráulica e a atualização do esquema de infiltração Green-Ampt. Estes esquemas foram fundamentais para a modelagem dos processos hidrológicos da vegetação Cerrado, o que é aplicável a outras de sistema radicular profundo. A calibração global representou razoavelmente LE, H e Az, porém resultou em �PAR anti-correlacionado, subestimativa considerável do � e u�, além de partição inconsistente nas componentes da evapotranspiração.
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Horká, Lucie. "Optimalizace spotřeb energie v administrativní budově." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227235.
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The main aim of this thesis is optimization of energy demands in a new administrative high-rise building Vienna Point II located in Brno. Experimental part of the thesis deals with determination of real energy consumption during winter season and preparation of a set of climate data for theoretical simulations. Theoretical part is based on data obtained by experimental methods and is aimed on optimization of energy demands. The effect of suggested solution is analysed by software solutions which simulate building operation. Resulting energy demands obtained by simulations are compared with real energy consumption.
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Patrick, Nathan A. "Evaluating Near Surface Lapse Rates Over Complex Terrain Using an Embedded Micro-Logger Sensor Network in Great Basin National Park." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1403203851.
Повний текст джерелаКниги з теми "Humidity Calibrator"
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Mo, Tsan. Microwave humidity sounder calibration algorithm. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2004.
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Mo, Tsan. Microwave humidity sounder calibration algorithm. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2004.
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Mo, Tsan. Microwave humidity sounder calibration algorithm. Washington, DC: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service, 2004.
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Payne, Richard E. Calibration history of some Rotronic MP-100 and Vaisala Humicap relative humidity sensors. Woods Hole, Mass: Upper Ocean Processes Group, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, 1994.
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J, Lake Brian, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), and University of Washington. Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean, eds. Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of ATLAS air temperature and relative humidity measurements. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Oceanic and Atmospheric Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 2003.
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Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (U.S.), ed. Calibration procedures and instrumental accuracy estimates of tao temperature, relative humidity and radiation measurements. Seattle, Wash: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Environmental Research Laboratories, Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, 1994.
Знайти повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Humidity Calibrator"
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Korotcenkov, Ghenadii. "Humidity-Sensor Testing and Calibration." In Handbook of Humidity Measurement, 429–44. Boca Raton : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, 2018-[2020]: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781351056502-29.
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Manzoni, Marco. "Fast and Robust Estimation of Atmospheric Phase Screens Using C-Band Spaceborne SAR and GNSS Calibration." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 131–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15374-7_11.
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AbstractOver the last few years, a growing interest has been observed in the field of Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) meteorology. The atmosphere has always been seen as a disturbance in interpreting interferograms (the output product of InSAR processing). A space-borne radar, however, can sense the refractive index of the medium it travels. The refractive index, in turn, is sensitive to pressure, temperature, and humidity of the air. Therefore, SAR data contains information about the atmosphere’s status and can be exploited by Numerical Weather Prediction Models (NWPM) as additional information to improve weather forecasts. This chapter investigates a fast and robust method for generating the so-called Atmospheric Phase Screens (APS) from InSAR data. The method exploits both Permanent Scatterers (PS) and Distributed Scatterers (DS) in an optimal way leading to wide and dense APS maps. When operating at large scales, it is also mandatory to calibrate the data using a network of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. The calibration can remove the so-called Orbital Phase Screens (OPS) that otherwise severely corrupt the atmospheric measurements. Results using real data acquired by the European Sentinel-1 mission show the potential of InSAR meteorology to provide valuable data to improve weather forecasts.
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Elkhayat, Moataz, Stefano Mangiarotti, Marco Grassi, and Piero Malcovati. "Closed-Loop Temperature Control CMOS Integrated Circuit for Diagnostics and Self-calibration of Capacitive Humidity Sensors." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 489–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04324-7_59.
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Chen, Mo, Hanbing Chen, Ruishu Liu, and Guanhua Wang. "Response of Sodium Chloride Migration in Sandy Soil to Changing Medium Conditions in Black Soil Region of Northeast China." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220962.
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In order to explore the migration rules of solutes in Nacl sand under unidirectional freezing, the humidity and solute solubility of the soil columns with different water content, density and solute concentration were determined by using calibration test and TDR technique. The results show that the migration of solute in the soil increases the rate of solute movement twice during the test, and the movement of salt is affected by the water movement.
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Brock, Fred V., and Scott J. Richardson. "Dynamic Performance Characteristics, Part 1." In Meteorological Measurement Systems. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195134513.003.0008.
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When the input to a sensor is changing rapidly, we observe performance characteristics that are due to the change in input and are not related to static performance characteristics. In this chapter we will assume that a static calibration has been applied so that we can consider dynamic performance independently of static characteristics. The terms “linear” and “nonlinear” have been used in chap. 3 in the static sense. Now they are being used in the dynamic sense where “linear” connotes the applicability of the superposition property. A given sensor could be nonlinear in the static sense (e.g., a PRT is nonlinear in that is static sensitivity is not constant over the range) but could be linear in the dynamic sense (modeled by a linear differential equation). We use differential equations to model this dynamic performance while realizing the models can never be exact. If the dynamic behavior of physical systems can be described by linear differential equations with constant coefficients, the analysis is relatively easy because the solutions are well known. Such equations are always approximations to the actual performance of physical systems that are often nonlinear, vary with time, and have distributed parameters. The justification for the use of simple, readily solved models must be the quality of the fit of the solution to the actual system output and the usefulness of the resulting analysis. Dynamic performance characteristics define the way instruments react to measurand fluctuations. When a temperature sensor is mounted on an airplane these characteristics will indicate what the sensor “sees.” If the airplane flies through a cloud with a slow sensor (where time constant is large) it may not register change of temperature or humidity. That would not be tolerable if we wanted to measure the cloud. Similarly, if the airplane flies through turbulence we would like to measure changes in air speed. Variations in temperature and humidity would be vital in the flight of a radiosonde, so again the time constant of the sensors would be considered. Fluxes of heat, water vapor, and momentum near the ground require fast sensors (with small time constants).
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Mota, Bárbara, Joana G. Freire, Mariana Oliveira, Sílvia A. Nunes, Rui Dilão, and Carlos C. DaCamara. "Using cellular automata to assess the role played by wind direction in two large fire episodes in Portugal." In Advances in Forest Fire Research 2022, 431–35. Imprensa da Universidade de Coimbra, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.14195/978-989-26-2298-9_69.
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Portugal is recurrently affected by severe wildfires, the fire season of 2017 representing the most tragic year with half a million of hectares burned and 115 deaths. The events that took place on October 15, 2017 deserve special attention, not only because the area burned on that day represents more than 50% of that burned during the entire year, but also because it resulted from the combination of very strong winds steered by the passage of hurricane Ophelia, very dry vegetation because of a prolonged drought affecting the country, very low atmospheric relative humidity and a record number of ignitions. Meteorological fire danger is usually rated using the Fire Weather Index (FWI) that is part of the Canadian Forest Fire Weather Index System. However, wind direction is not taken into account when defining FWI, and therefore it is worth investigating how this factor may affect the evolution of a given fire keeping all the remaining factor unaltered. The role played by wind direction is assessed using a cellular automata (CA) model to simulate two wind-driven wildfires that took place at Pataias-Burinhosa and Quiais on October 15, 2017. The CA model is first calibrated using winds derived from a regional weather forecasting model and sensitivity studies are then performed by systematically rotating the forecasted winds keeping all the other parameters constant. Results indicate a a progressive decrease in probability of burning from a 45º to a 90º counterclockwise rotation. These results suggest improving FWI by defining an FWI vector definition of an FWI vector, whose direction is that of the wind and magnitude is that of FWI. This vector should then be compared against the prevailing orientation of the vegetated area, and the closer the alignment between the two directions, the greater the meteorological fire danger.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Humidity Calibrator"
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FENOTTI, Fulvio, and David VASTY. "Humidity Calibration Automation." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201918003.
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This article describes an automated humidity calibration system developed in Trescal Italy using a software developed internally, a high resolution Digital Single-Lens Reflex (DSLR) camera, climatic chambers and chilled mirror hygrometers as reference standards.
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Lin, Chi-Hsuan, and Wei-Hong Hsu. "Application of the Taguchi Method to Dew-point Meter Calibration." In NCSL International Workshop & Symposium. NCSL International, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/wsproceedings.2020.01.
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According to different calibration systems and characteristic of calibrated items, there are different factors influence measurement results. This paper discusses the factors that influence measurement results in dew-point meter calibration with two-pressure humidity generator measurement system at National Measurement Laboratory (NML). In this analysis, four control factors have been chosen, including the relative humidity, the flow rate of standard gas source input, the flow rate through the dew-point meter, and the waiting time before reading data from the dew-point meter. Taguchi method is used to find out the best combination of the factors and their levels. A suitable orthogonal array was selected and experiments were conducted under the different temperature. By calculating the mean square deviation (MSD) and the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio, the best combination can be found. After the experiments, the lab staff can easily find out the best combination without experimenting full factorial design, and improve the reliability of measurement effectively.
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Lucarelli, Caio de Carvalho, Matheus Menezes Oliveira, and Joyce Correna Carlo. "Thermal calibration of an existing institutional building." In XIX ENCONTRO NACIONAL DE TECNOLOGIA DO AMBIENTE CONSTRUÍDO. UFRGS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46421/entac.v19i1.1961.
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Building performance simulation (BPS) exhibits an interplay of various physical parameters, only portraying limited building fundamental characteristics. Therefore, BPS calibration can increase simulation accuracy and better depict the physical space. We aimed to calibrate/validate an institutional building model in Viçosa-MG, testing parallel and serial uncertainty procedures. We conducted a manual/statistic hygrothermal calibration using surveyed indoor/outdoor air dry-bulb temperature (DBT) and relative humidity (RH). We evaluated site-specific weather files and compared simulation outputs and measured data using the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). As a result, the validated model presented 0.56°C to 0.85°C DBT discrepancies and 3.10% to 5.90% RH differences.
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Dzikowski, Bartosz, Jerzy Weremczuk, Adrian Zdunczyk, and Grzegorz Owczarek. "Calibration of wearable flexible humidity sorption sensors." In 2017 IEEE International Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference (I2MTC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i2mtc.2017.7969941.
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Fester, Jakob, Henrik Kjeldsen, Peter F. Østergaard, and Jan Nielsen. "A new set-up for the calibration of wood moisture meters." In 19th International Congress of Metrology (CIM2019), edited by Sandrine Gazal. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metrology/201918002.
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A set-up has been established to calibrate wood-moisture meters at Danish Technological Institute. The set-up is based on humidification of wood in an atmosphere with constant humidity, generated by saturated salt solutions. The measurements of the reference value are made by means of the loss-on-drying method and made traceable to a primary standard for moisture mass fraction established under the EMRP project METefnet in 2015. The facility was accredited by the Danish Accreditation Fund, DANAK, in 2018. In this paper, we report on the design of the calibration set-up, the uncertainty analysis and the validation by comparison to the primary facility.
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Yang, W. Q., A. Chondronasios, S. Nattrass, V. T. Nguyen, M. Betting, I. Ismail, and H. McCann. "Adaptive Calibration of a Capacitance Tomography System for Imaging Water Droplets Distribution." In ASME 7th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2004-58538.
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A highly-sensitive electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system based on an HP4284 impedance analyser has been developed and used to quantify low concentration multiphase flows in wet gas separation processes. The system hardware provides high accuracy (0.05%) and high resolution (10−17 F). The sensor was calibrated in an environmental chamber with solid samples of known permittivity over ranges of temperature and humidity. Adaptive calibration and adjacent electrode pair correction techniques were applied to image very low concentration profiles. This paper describes the techniques used and presents the experimental results obtained from a test flow rig called Twister, which has been designed to separate liquid droplets from wet gas streams. The test results over a range of operating conditions (20% to 95% humidity) demonstrate that the ECT system is capable of reconstructing clear images of the droplet distribution inside Twister. Changes as small as 1 gWater/kgAir in the droplets form liquid were detectable. It has also shown that the concentration of the condensable phase can be estimated quantitatively within 20% in comparison with the reference measurements.
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Gaspersic, B., Stojan Petelin, J. Renar, and A. Poredos. "Measuring of Air Humidity and Calibration of Psychrometer." In Advanced Course in Measurement Techniques in Heat and MassTransfer. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.1985.advcoursemeastechheatmasstransf.220.
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Skripnik, Yu, and K. Shevchenko. "Linearization of Calibration Parameters in Microwave Humidity Meters." In 2007 17th International Crimean Conference - Microwave & Telecommunication Technology. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2007.4368916.
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Vaucher, Gail T., and Robert Endlich. "Improving humidity and wind measurements at a high energy laser test facility." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1992.ftt6.
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Accurate humidity and wind measurements are critical when characterizing the atmosphere at a high-energy laser test facility. The 1990 General Eastern Hygrometer (1200 Series) calibration curve produced by the National Institute of Standards and Technology displayed resistance as a nonunique function of dewpoint temperature. In 1991, a revised standard calibration procedure was developed. This new procedure corrected this problem and changed the formerly 5-7°C dewpoint differential between humidity sensors to a 1°C separation. A wind tunnel calibration of seven polypropylene and six polystyrene R.M. Young Gill anemometers (Model 27106) demonstrated that the polypropylene anemometers have a 0.4 m/s separation between averaged starting and stopping thresholds; the polystyrene thresholds were less than polypropylene thresholds and well below critical cross-wind laser beam ventilation. All 13 anemometer calibration curves were unique. Combining the 13 calibration curves into one generic operational curve created an uncertainty ≤8%. Collating curves by sensor type produced uncertainties of ≤3.4% for polypropylene anemometers and ≤7.0% for polystyrene anemometers.
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Patel, Chandradip, and Patrick McCluskey. "Combined Temperature and Humidity Effects on MEMS Vibratory Gyroscope Sensor." In ASME 2011 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Systems. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2011-52183.
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Reliability and long term stability are the greatest challenges for commercialization of MEMS gyroscopes. Their vast use in different applications that required MEMS gyroscopes to function from medium to harsh environments make necessary to evaluate the performance of MEMS gyroscope under those conditions. This paper focuses on the combined long term effects of temperature and humidity on the performance of MEMS vibratory gyroscope. Performance of the MEMS gyroscope was evaluated over time by conducting temperature humidity bias (THB) test on a COTS (commercial off-the-shelf) single axis MEMS vibratory gyroscope having an operating temperature range from −40°C to +85°C. The gyroscope sensors were exposed to 60°C and 90%RH (Relative Humidity) for 500 hours. Six single axis gyroscopes were tested, three with in-situ device calibration and three without in-situ device calibration. Out of three MEMS vibratory gyroscopes tested without in-situ device calibration, it was observed that samples had minimum and maximum in-situ zero rate output (ZRO) drift of 1.3°/s and 2.2°/s respectively over 500 hours. These drifts were disappeared when gyroscope sensors were tested after six months by keeping at room condition. Other three single axis gyroscopes were tested in the same chamber with in-situ device calibration which didn’t show any major performance ZRO drift.
Звіти організацій з теми "Humidity Calibrator"
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Wexler, A., R. W. Hyland, and S. Hasegawa. NIST calibration services for humidity measurement. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4677.
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Meyer, C. W., J. T. Hodges, P. H. Huang, W. W. Miller, D. C. Ripple, and G. E. Scace. Calibration of hygrometers with the hybrid humidity generator. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.250-83.
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Meyer, C. W., T. Herman, and W. W. Miller. Calibration of Hygrometers with the Hybrid Humidity Generator. National Institute of Standards and Technology, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.sp.250-83r1.
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Heitman, Joshua L., Alon Ben-Gal, Thomas J. Sauer, Nurit Agam, and John Havlin. Separating Components of Evapotranspiration to Improve Efficiency in Vineyard Water Management. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7594386.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Vineyards are found on six of seven continents, producing a crop of high economic value with much historic and cultural significance. Because of the wide range of conditions under which grapes are grown, management approaches are highly varied and must be adapted to local climatic constraints. Research has been conducted in the traditionally prominent grape growing regions of Europe, Australia, and the western USA, but far less information is available to guide production under more extreme growing conditions. The overarching goal of this project was to improve understanding of vineyard water management related to the critical inter-row zone. Experiments were conducted in moist temperate (North Carolina, USA) and arid (Negev, Israel) regions in order to address inter-row water use under high and low water availability conditions. Specific objectives were to: i) calibrate and verify a modeling technique to identify components of evapotranspiration (ET) in temperate and semiarid vineyard systems, ii) evaluate and refine strategies for excess water removal in vineyards for moist temperate regions of the Southeastern USA, and iii) evaluate and refine strategies for water conservation in vineyards for semi-arid regions of Israel. Several new measurement and modeling techniques were adapted and assessed in order to partition ET between favorable transpiration by the grapes and potentially detrimental water use within the vineyard inter-row. A micro Bowen ratio measurement system was developed to quantify ET from inter-rows. The approach was successful at the NC site, providing strong correlation with standard measurement approaches and adding capability for continuous, non-destructive measurement within a relatively small footprint. The environmental conditions in the Negev site were found to limit the applicability of the technique. Technical issues are yet to be solved to make this technique sufficiently robust. The HYDRUS 2D/3D modeling package was also adapted using data obtained in a series of intense field campaigns at the Negev site. The adapted model was able to account for spatial variation in surface boundary conditions, created by diurnal canopy shading, in order to accurately calculate the contribution of interrow evaporation (E) as a component of system ET. Experiments evaluated common practices in the southeastern USA: inter-row cover crops purported to reduce water availability and thereby favorably reduce grapevine vegetative growth; and southern Israel: drip irrigation applied to produce a high value crop with maximum water use efficiency. Results from the NC site indicated that water use by the cover crop contributed a significant portion of vineyard ET (up to 93% in May), but that with ample rainfall typical to the region, cover crop water use did little to limit water availability for the grape vines. A potential consequence, however, was elevated below canopy humidity owing to the increased inter-row evapotranspiration associated with the cover crops. This creates increased potential for fungal disease occurrence, which is a common problem in the region. Analysis from the Negev site reveals that, on average, E accounts for about10% of the total vineyard ET in an isolated dripirrigated vineyard. The proportion of ET contributed by E increased from May until just before harvest in July, which could be explained primarily by changes in weather conditions. While non-productive water loss as E is relatively small, experiments indicate that further improvements in irrigation efficiency may be possible by considering diurnal shading effects on below canopy potential ET. Overall, research provided both scientific and practical outcomes including new measurement and modeling techniques, and new insights for humid and arid vineyard systems. Research techniques developed through the project will be useful for other agricultural systems, and the successful synergistic cooperation amongst the research team offers opportunity for future collaboration.