Статті в журналах: "Human Simulations"

1

Aarsæther, Karl Gunnar, and Torgeir Moan. "Adding the Human Element to Ship Manoeuvring Simulations." Journal of Navigation 63, no. 4 (September 13, 2010): 695–716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037346331000024x.

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Time-domain simulation of ship manoeuvring has been utilized in risk analysis to assess the effect of changes to the ship-lane, development in traffic volume and the associated risk. The process of ship manoeuvring in a wider socio-technical context consists of the technical systems, operational procedures, the human operators and support functions. Automated manoeuvring simulations without human operators in the simulation loop have often been preferred in simulation studies due to the low time required for simulations. Automatic control has represented the human element with little effort devoted to explain the relationship between the guidance and control algorithms and the human operator which they replace. This paper describes the development and application of a model for the human element for autonomous time-domain manoeuvring simulations. The method is applicable in the time-domain, modular and found to be capable of reproducing observed manoeuvre patterns, but limited to represent the intended behaviour.

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2

Valencia, Alvaro, Patricio Burdiles, Miguel Ignat, Jorge Mura, Eduardo Bravo, Rodrigo Rivera, and Juan Sordo. "Fluid Structural Analysis of Human Cerebral Aneurysm Using Their Own Wall Mechanical Properties." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/293128.

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Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) simulations, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, and Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations were carried out in an anatomically realistic model of a saccular cerebral aneurysm with the objective of quantifying the effects of type of simulation on principal fluid and solid mechanics results. Eight CSD simulations, one CFD simulation, and four FSI simulations were made. The results allowed the study of the influence of the type of material elements in the solid, the aneurism’s wall thickness, and the type of simulation on the modeling of a human cerebral aneurysm. The simulations use their own wall mechanical properties of the aneurysm. The more complex simulation was the FSI simulation completely coupled with hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin material, normal internal pressure, and normal variable thickness. The FSI simulation coupled in one direction using hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin material, normal internal pressure, and normal variable thickness is the one that presents the most similar results with respect to the more complex FSI simulation, requiring one-fourth of the calculation time.

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3

Ciunel, Stefanita, Dragos Laurentiu Popa, George Gherghina, Mihaela Liana Bogdan, and Dragos Tutunea. "Human Head-Neck System Behavior during Virtual Impact Automotive Simulations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 659 (October 2014): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.659.177.

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The paper presents the studies made on a similar biomechanical system composed by neck, head and dummy body components. The models were defined in a CAD environment which includes Adams algorithm for dynamic simulations. After simulation was obtained the entire mechanical behavior based on data tables or diagrams. That virtual model composed by neck and head was included in complex system (as a car system) and supposed to impact simulations (virtual crash tests). This paper presents issues concerning the use of CAD systems in modern technology virtual prototyping, in this case a complex virtual model for a car system used for impact simulations. Virtual prototyping is a process that uses a virtual prototype instead of the physical prototype for testing and evaluating specific elements of the designed product. Virtual prototype is created on the computer closer to the actual characteristics and operating conditions so as to allow the simulation to perform the role for which it was designed. The three-dimensional model has been exported into simulation software able to perform kinematics simulations and finite element analysis, at the same time. With that virtual model were analysed different situations similar with car crash. Results of simulations have been analysed and can be compared with measurements made on the experimental device (under construction).

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Parag Udaysinh More, Kumar Sachin, Mykhailo Pervak, Olha Yehorenko, and Oleksandr Rogachevsky. "REVIEW OF SIMULATION MEDICAL TECHNOLOGIES IMPACT ON MODERN EDUCATION." InterConf, no. 16(121) (August 20, 2022): 224–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.08.2022.023.

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The adoption of simulation-based medical teaching and learning is one of the key phases in curriculum development. Instead of learning through apprenticeship, medical simulation enables the development of clinical skills through purposeful practice. Role-playing games and patient simulations are examples of human simulations. Manikins and computer-based simulations are examples of non-human simulations. At the undergraduate and graduate levels, medical simulation has been shown to improve clinical competence. Additionally, it has been discovered to have several benefits that can raise patient safety and lower medical expenses

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5

Gillette, Jane, Henry Gleitman, Lila Gleitman, and Anne Lederer. "Human simulations of vocabulary learning." Cognition 73, no. 2 (December 1999): 135–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0010-0277(99)00036-0.

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6

Ibrahim, K. M. "Human Population Genetics: Simulations of human colonization history." Heredity 93, no. 2 (June 2, 2004): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.hdy.6800495.

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7

Valero-Lara, Pedro, Ivan Martínez-Pérez, Raül Sirvent, Antonio J. Peña, Xavier Martorell, and Jesús Labarta. "Simulating the behavior of the Human Brain on GPUs." Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 73 (2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2018061.

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The simulation of the behavior of the Human Brain is one of the most important challenges in computing today. The main problem consists of finding efficient ways to manipulate and compute the huge volume of data that this kind of simulations need, using the current technology. In this sense, this work is focused on one of the main steps of such simulation, which consists of computing the Voltage on neurons’ morphology. This is carried out using the Hines Algorithm and, although this algorithm is the optimum method in terms of number of operations, it is in need of non-trivial modifications to be efficiently parallelized on GPUs. We proposed several optimizations to accelerate this algorithm on GPU-based architectures, exploring the limitations of both, method and architecture, to be able to solve efficiently a high number of Hines systems (neurons). Each of the optimizations are deeply analyzed and described. Two different approaches are studied, one for mono-morphology simulations (batch of neurons with the same shape) and one for multi-morphology simulations (batch of neurons where every neuron has a different shape). In mono-morphology simulations we obtain a good performance using just a single kernel to compute all the neurons. However this turns out to be inefficient on multi-morphology simulations. Unlike the previous scenario, in multi-morphology simulations a much more complex implementation is necessary to obtain a good performance. In this case, we must execute more than one single GPU kernel. In every execution (kernel call) one specific part of the batch of the neurons is solved. These parts can be seen as multiple and independent tridiagonal systems. Although the present paper is focused on the simulation of the behavior of the Human Brain, some of these techniques, in particular those related to the solving of tridiagonal systems, can be also used for multiple oil and gas simulations. Our studies have proven that the optimizations proposed in the present work can achieve high performance on those computations with a high number of neurons, being our GPU implementations about 4× and 8× faster than the OpenMP multicore implementation (16 cores), using one and two NVIDIA K80 GPUs respectively. Also, it is important to highlight that these optimizations can continue scaling, even when dealing with a very high number of neurons.

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8

Tolk, Andreas, Wesley J. Wildman, F. LeRon Shults, and Saikou Y. Diallo. "Human Simulation as the Lingua Franca for Computational Social Sciences and Humanities: Potential and Pitfalls." Journal of Cognition and Culture 18, no. 5 (November 28, 2018): 462–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340040.

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AbstractThe social sciences and humanities are fragmented into specialized areas, each with their own parlance and procedures. This hinders information sharing and the growth of a coherent body of knowledge. Modeling and simulation can be the scientific lingua franca, or shared technical language, that can unite, integrate, and relate relevant parts of these diverse disciplines.Models are well established in the scientific community as mediators, contributors, and enablers of scientific knowledge. We propose a potentially revolutionary linkage between social sciences, humanities and computer simulation, forging what we call “human simulation.” We explore three facets of human simulation, namely: (1) the simulation of humans, (2) the design of simulations for human use, and (3) simulations that include humans as well as simulated agents among the actors. We describe the potential of human simulation using several illuminating examples. We also discuss computational, epistemological, and hermeneutical challenges constraining the use of human simulation.

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9

Choi, Kiri, Lucian P. Smith, J. Kyle Medley, and Herbert M. Sauro. "phraSED-ML: A paraphrased, human-readable adaptation of SED-ML." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 14, no. 06 (December 2016): 1650035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720016500359.

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Motivation: Model simulation exchange has been standardized with the Simulation Experiment Description Markup Language (SED-ML), but specialized software is needed to generate simulations in this format. Text-based languages allow researchers to create and modify experimental protocols quickly and easily, and export them to a common machine-readable format. Results: phraSED-ML language allows modelers to use simple text commands to encode various elements of SED-ML (models, tasks, simulations, and results) in a format easy to read and modify. The library can translate this script to SED-ML for use in other softwares. Availability: phraSED-ML language specification, libphrasedml library, and source code are available under BSD license from http://phrasedml.sourceforge.net/ .

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10

Roney, Caroline H., Rokas Bendikas, Farhad Pashakhanloo, Cesare Corrado, Edward J. Vigmond, Elliot R. McVeigh, Natalia A. Trayanova, and Steven A. Niederer. "Constructing a Human Atrial Fibre Atlas." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 49, no. 1 (May 26, 2020): 233–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-020-02525-w.

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AbstractAtrial anisotropy affects electrical propagation patterns, anchor locations of atrial reentrant drivers, and atrial mechanics. However, patient-specific atrial fibre fields and anisotropy measurements are not currently available, and consequently assigning fibre fields to atrial models is challenging. We aimed to construct an atrial fibre atlas from a high-resolution DTMRI dataset that optimally reproduces electrophysiology simulation predictions corresponding to patient-specific fibre fields, and to develop a methodology for automatically assigning fibres to patient-specific anatomies. We extended an atrial coordinate system to map the pulmonary veins, vena cava and appendages to standardised positions in the coordinate system corresponding to the average location across the anatomies. We then expressed each fibre field in this atrial coordinate system and calculated an average fibre field. To assess the effects of fibre field on patient-specific modelling predictions, we calculated paced activation time maps and electrical driver locations during AF. In total, 756 activation time maps were calculated (7 anatomies with 9 fibre maps and 2 pacing locations, for the endocardial, epicardial and bilayer surface models of the LA and RA). Patient-specific fibre fields had a relatively small effect on average paced activation maps (range of mean local activation time difference for LA fields: 2.67–3.60 ms, and for RA fields: 2.29–3.44 ms), but had a larger effect on maximum LAT differences (range for LA 12.7–16.6%; range for RA 11.9–15.0%). A total of 126 phase singularity density maps were calculated (7 anatomies with 9 fibre maps for the LA and RA bilayer models). The fibre field corresponding to anatomy 1 had the highest median PS density map correlation coefficient for LA bilayer simulations (0.44 compared to the other correlations, ranging from 0.14 to 0.39), while the average fibre field had the highest correlation for the RA bilayer simulations (0.61 compared to the other correlations, ranging from 0.37 to 0.56). For sinus rhythm simulations, average activation time is robust to fibre field direction; however, maximum differences can still be significant. Patient specific fibres are more important for arrhythmia simulations, particularly in the left atrium. We propose using the fibre field corresponding to DTMRI dataset 1 for LA simulations, and the average fibre field for RA simulations as these optimally predicted arrhythmia properties.

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11

Radford, Sheena E., and Christopher M. Dobson. "From Computer Simulations to Human Disease." Cell 97, no. 3 (April 1999): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80739-4.

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12

Suárez, Dimas, and Martin J. Field. "Molecular dynamics simulations of human butyrylcholinesterase." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics 59, no. 1 (February 4, 2005): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.20398.

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13

Müller, Armin, Ekaterina Kovacheva, Marc Alexander Fritz, Olaf Dössel, and Axel Loewe. "Validating a Numerical Simulation of Human Heart Motion Using Clinical Data." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 547–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2020-3140.

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AbstractNumerical simulations are increasingly often involved in developing new and improving existing medical therapies. While the models involved in those simulations are designed to resemble a specific phenomenon realistically, the results of the interplay of those models are often not sufficiently validated. We created a plugin for a cardiac simulation framework to validate the simulation results using clinical MRI data. The MRI data were used to create a static wholeheart mesh as well as slices from the left ventricular short axis, providing the motion over time. The static heart was a starting point for a simulation of the heart’s motion. From the simulation result, we created slices and compared them to the clinical MRI slices using two different metrics: the area of the slices and the point distances. The comparison showed global similarities in the deformation of simulated and clinical data, but also indicated points for potential improvements. Performing this comparison with more clinical data could lead to personalized modeling of elastomechanics of the heart.

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14

Peasgood, Mike, Eric Kubica, and John McPhee. "Stabilization of a Dynamic Walking Gait Simulation." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 2, no. 1 (July 6, 2006): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2389230.

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Forward dynamic simulations of human walking gait have typically simulated and analyzed a single step of the walking cycle, assuming symmetric and periodic gait. To enable simulations over many steps, a stabilizer is required to maintain the balance of the walking model, ideally mimicking the human balance control mechanism. This paper presents a feedback control system that stabilizes the torso orientation during a human walking gait dynamic simulation, enabling arbitrarily long simulations. The model is a two-dimensional mechanical simulation, in which the desired joint trajectories are defined as functions of time; the only external forces on the model are gravitational and ground reaction forces. Orientation or postural control is achieved by modulation of the rate at which lower limb joints move through angular trajectories. The controller design is based on a sequence of simple linear feedback controllers, each based on an intuitive control law. Controller parameters were determined iteratively using an optimization algorithm and repeated executions of the forward dynamics simulation to minimize control term errors. Results show the use of feedback control and joint speed modulation to be effective in maintaining balance for walking simulations of arbitrary length, allowing for analysis of steady-state walking.

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15

Johnson, Ann. "Institutions for Simulations." Science & Technology Studies 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55201.

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Computational nanotechnology is a simulation science; that is, a way of producing scientific knowledge dependent upon computer simulations because, for a variety of reasons, current experimental set-ups do not answer crucial questions. The resource needs of simulation science have often been obscured by two assumptions – that simulations are a ‘cheap’ alternative to experiment and that they are closely connected to theory – though not simply synonymous with or simple extensions of theory. This paper challenges both notions by exploring the resources - human, financial, and computational – needed to perform computational nanotechnology and by showing the close coupling between empirical data and the construction of simulations. I look specifically at three U.S. computational nanotechnology sites and projects: the NASA-Ames Research Center, the Network for Computational Nanotechnology at Purdue University, and the Chemical Industry’s Roadmap for Nanostructured Materials as a protocol for nanotechnological development that specifically addresses the role of simulations.

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16

North-Samardzic, Andrea, and Marlize de Witt. "Designing a Human Resource Management Simulation to Engage Students." Journal of Management Education 43, no. 4 (April 5, 2019): 359–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1052562919841411.

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Management educators employ a variety of learning and teaching tools in order to engage students, with online business simulations being one of these tools. While many business simulations are available to management educators, they do not always fit the needs of the educator or have evidence to support their efficacy for achieving student outcomes such as engagement. In this article, we illustrate how a human resource management (HRM) simulation was designed, developed, and tested using design science principles to show how student engagement can be achieved with such digital tools. The findings of the testing process show that the type of Learning Management System used is less important than the novelty and perceived authenticity of the tasks. This article offers practical suggestions to create and test similar online-simulated environments using the design science process, as well as guidelines for those who wish to use the HRM simulation that was developed by the authors for this project.

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17

Neiderman, Eric C. "Real-Time Simulation of Multiple Parallel Approaches." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 37, no. 17 (October 1993): 1191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129303701715.

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This paper describes an ongoing program of real-time, interactive air traffic control simulations to test and evaluate the feasibility of conducting closely-spaced, Independent, instrument approaches to dual, triple, and quadruple parallel runways. Real-time simulations are used to test and evaluate the human, technological, and systemic issues critical to the implementation of independent multiple parallel approaches. These simulations quantitatively evaluate controller performance, pilot/aircraft performance, and airport capacity issues. Simulation data are also used in the assessment of risk associated with the operation. To address human capabilities and limitations, qualitative analyses are used to assess the opinions of controllers, flight crew members, simulation technical observers, and recognized subject matter experts. This paper describes the planning, implementation, data collection, analysis, and related issues involved in real-time simulation for the development of national standards for independent multiple parallel approaches.

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18

van der Vegte, Wilhelm Frederik, and Imre Horváth. "Achieving Closed-Loop Control Simulation of Human-Artefact Interaction: A Comparative Review." Modelling and Simulation in Engineering 2011 (2011): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/675405.

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To include user interactions in simulations of product use, the most common approach is to couple human subjects to simulation models, using hardware interfaces to close the simulation-control loop. Testing with virtual human models could offer a low-cost addition to evaluation with human subjects. This paper explores the possibilities for coupling human and artefact models to achieve fully software-based interaction simulations. We have critically reviewed existing partial solutions to simulate or execute control (both human control and product-embedded control) and compared solutions from literature with a proof-of-concept we have recently developed. Our concept closes all loops, but it does not rely on validated algorithms to predict human decision making and low-level human motor control. For low-level control, validated solutions are available from other approaches. For human decision making, however, validated algorithms exist only to predict the timing but not the reasoning behind it. To identify decision-making schemes beyond what designers can conjecture, testing with human subjects remains indispensable.

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Greif, Hajo. "Exploring Minds: Modes of Modeling and Simulation in Artificial Intelligence." Perspectives on Science 29, no. 4 (July 2021): 409–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/posc_a_00377.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to grasp the relevant distinctions between various ways in which models and simulations in Artificial Intelligence (AI) relate to cognitive phenomena. In order to get a systematic picture, a taxonomy is developed that is based on the coordinates of formal versus material analogies and theory-guided versus pre-theoretic models in science. These distinctions have parallels in the computational versus mimetic aspects and in analytic versus exploratory types of computer simulation. The proposed taxonomy cuts across the traditional dichotomies between symbolic and embodied AI, general intelligence and symbol and intelligence and cognitive simulation and human/non-human-like AI. According to the taxonomy proposed here, one can distinguish between four distinct general approaches that figured prominently in early and classical AI, and that have partly developed into distinct research programs: first, phenomenal simulations (e.g., Turing’s “imitation game”); second, simulations that explore general-level formal isomorphisms in pursuit of a general theory of intelligence (e.g., logic-based AI); third, simulations as exploratory material models that serve to develop theoretical accounts of cognitive processes (e.g., Marr’s stages of visual processing and classical connectionism); and fourth, simulations as strictly formal models of a theory of computation that postulates cognitive processes to be isomorphic with computational processes (strong symbolic AI). In continuation of pragmatic views of the modes of modeling and simulating world affairs, this taxonomy of approaches to modeling in AI helps to elucidate how available computational concepts and simulational resources contribute to the modes of representation and theory development in AI research—and what made that research program uniquely dependent on them.

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20

AI, HUA, and DIANE LITMAN. "Assessing user simulation for dialog systems using human judges and automatic evaluation measures." Natural Language Engineering 17, no. 4 (February 1, 2011): 511–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1351324910000318.

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AbstractWhile different user simulations are built to assist dialog system development, there is an increasing need to quickly assess the quality of the user simulations reliably. Previous studies have proposed several automatic evaluation measures for this purpose. However, the validity of these evaluation measures has not been fully proven. We present an assessment study in which human judgments are collected on user simulation qualities as the gold standard to validate automatic evaluation measures. We show that a ranking model can be built using the automatic measures to predict the rankings of the simulations in the same order as the human judgments. We further show that the ranking model can be improved by using a simple feature that utilizes time-series analysis.

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21

Glenn, Floyd. "A Human Operator Model Management Environment." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 32, no. 16 (October 1988): 1046–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128803201611.

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Inadequacies of existing simulation and modeling tools in supporting development and evaluation of man-machine systems are considered. A new tool is proposed to support the development and use, by the end user, of a base of fundamental human performance models representing alternative factors and levels of detail. The Human Operator Model Management Environment (HOMME) is designed to aid in the construction and management of human performance models that are used as elements of larger man-machine system performance simulations. HOMME aids the user in constructing performance procedures and in defining the control interrelations between procedures, as well as in storing, retrieving, and editing procedures generated in earlier simulation efforts. It is intended to serve as an adjunct tool to the more general simulation shell known as HOS-IV.

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Jovanovic, Kosta, Jovana Vranic, and Nadica Miljkovic. "Hill’s and Huxley’s muscle models - tools for simulations in biomechanics." Serbian Journal of Electrical Engineering 12, no. 1 (2015): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sjee1501053j.

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Numerous mathematical models of human skeletal muscles have been developed. However, none of them is adopted as a general one and each of them is suggested for some specific purpose. This topic is essential in humanoid robotics, since we firstly need to understand how human moves and acts in order to exploit human movement patterns in robotics and design human like actuators. Simulations in biomechanics are intensively used in research of locomotion, safe human-robot interaction, development of novel robotic actuators, biologically inspired control algorithms, etc. This paper presents two widely adopted muscle models (Hill?s and Huxley?s model), elaborates their features and demonstrates trade-off between their accuracy and efficiency of computer simulations. The simulation setup contains mathematical representation of passive muscle structures as well as mathematical model of an elastic tendon as a series elastic actuation element. Advanced robot control techniques point out energy consumption as one of the key issues. Therefore, energy store and release mechanism in elastic elements in both tendon and muscle, based on the simulation models, are considered.

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Mabie, Daniel, and David Schuster. "Lessons Learned in Leveraging Existing Simulations for Cybersecurity Training, Evaluation, and Research." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 425–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641095.

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We provide lessons learned in leveraging existing simulations to conduct human-subjects cybersecurity experiments and develop training for cybersecurity professionals. First, we provide criteria for the evaluation and categorization of existing simulation tools into four categories (competitions, testbeds, tabletop exercises, and simulations used in published research). Following this, eight criteria are offered to evaluate simulations on their suitability for use in experiments. We evaluated one representative product in each category. This paper serves as a resource for practitioners who use simulation as a method of training or evaluation. Further, this work is a starting point for researchers to efficiently find and leverage simulations to conduct cybersecurity research.

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De Groote, Friedl, and Antoine Falisse. "Perspective on musculoskeletal modelling and predictive simulations of human movement to assess the neuromechanics of gait." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 288, no. 1946 (March 3, 2021): 20202432. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2432.

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Locomotion results from complex interactions between the central nervous system and the musculoskeletal system with its many degrees of freedom and muscles. Gaining insight into how the properties of each subsystem shape human gait is challenging as experimental methods to manipulate and assess isolated subsystems are limited. Simulations that predict movement patterns based on a mathematical model of the neuro-musculoskeletal system without relying on experimental data can reveal principles of locomotion by elucidating cause–effect relationships. New computational approaches have enabled the use of such predictive simulations with complex neuro-musculoskeletal models. Here, we review recent advances in predictive simulations of human movement and how those simulations have been used to deepen our knowledge about the neuromechanics of gait. In addition, we give a perspective on challenges towards using predictive simulations to gain new fundamental insight into motor control of gait, and to help design personalized treatments in patients with neurological disorders and assistive devices that improve gait performance. Such applications will require more detailed neuro-musculoskeletal models and simulation approaches that take uncertainty into account, tools to efficiently personalize those models, and validation studies to demonstrate the ability of simulations to predict gait in novel circumstances.

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Hattori, Hiromitsu, Yuu Nakajima, and Shohei Yamane. "Massive Multiagent-Based Urban Traffic Simulation with Fine-Grained Behavior Models." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 15, no. 2 (March 20, 2011): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2011.p0233.

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As it is getting easier to obtain reams of data on human behavior via ubiquitous devices, it is becoming obvious that we must work on two conflicting research directions for realizing multiagent-based social simulations; creating large-scale simulations and elaborating fine-scale human behavior models. The challenge in this paper is to achievemassively urban traffic simulations with fine-grained levels of driving behavior. Toward our objective, we show the design and implementation of a multiagent-based simulation platform, that enables us to execute massive but sophisticated multiagent traffic simulations. We show the capability of the developed platform to reproduce the urban traffic with a social experiment scenario. We investigate its potential to analyze the traffic from both macroscopic and microscopic viewpoints.

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Pap, J. S., W. L. Xu, and J. Bronlund. "A robotic human masticatory system: kinematics simulations." International Journal of Intelligent Systems Technologies and Applications 1, no. 1/2 (2005): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijista.2005.007304.

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Nygren, A., L. J. Leon, and W. R. Giles. "Simulations of the human atrial action potential." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 359, no. 1783 (June 15, 2001): 1111–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2001.0819.

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28

Maas, Ramona, and Sigrid Leyendecker. "Optimal control simulations of human arm motion." PAMM 12, no. 1 (December 2012): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201210041.

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29

Eriksson, Anders, and Krister Svanberg. "Optimization in simulations of human movement planning." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 87, no. 12 (February 21, 2011): 1127–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.3143.

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30

Vigueras, Guillermo, Ishani Roy, Andrew Cookson, Jack Lee, Nicolas Smith, and David Nordsletten. "Toward GPGPU accelerated human electromechanical cardiac simulations." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering 30, no. 1 (September 20, 2013): 117–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cnm.2593.

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31

Sakamoto, Hironao, Kotaro Nakamoto, and Kei Ohnishi. "Evolutionary Computation System Solving Group Decision Making Multiobjective Problems for Human Groups." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 26, no. 2 (March 20, 2022): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2022.p0196.

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In a previous work, we proposed an evolutionary computation system designed to solve group decision making multiobjective problems for human groups, which is equivalent to obtaining consensus solutions to multiobjective optimization problems. Multi-human-agent-based evolutionary computation (Mhab-EC) is a primary component of the system, used to obtain converged solutions for multiobjective optimization problems. The other main component is a mechanism that allows owners of simulated human agents to review simulation results thus far and adjust their agents accordingly between successive simulation runs of the Mhab-EC. However, in our previous study, we simply conducted simulations to demonstrate that a single run yielded converged solutions. Consensus solutions were assumed to be obtained through iterations of the Mhab-EC run and agent adjustment. Therefore, in this study, we conducted simulations of the entire system, including the agent adjustment mechanism. For this purpose, we implemented a simple model of agent adjustment by owners to facilitate solution convergence. Simulation results showed that the system indeed yielded converged solutions, which are considered to indicate consensus.

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32

Zolnoun, Denniz, and Yasser Ashraf Gandomi. "Biomechanical Model of Human Index Finger During Examination." Journal of Science and Medicine 3, no. 1 (February 15, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.37714/josam.v2i4.51.

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We have developed a mathematical model based on the Hunt-Crossley’s viscoelastic contact formulation for predicting the contact forces in the upper-body. The simulations were carried out in OpenSim software package and the simulations results were compared to experimentally recorded contact forces measured using a pressure algometer for assessing pressure pain sensitivity in the pelvic region 1. We observed a very good agreement between the model prediction and algometer data. Our simulation revealed that by pressing down on the tissue both normal and frictional contact forces increase up to a point- ceiling effect. Moreover, viscoelastic properties of the examinee’s tissue were associated with force; specifically, as the stiffness of the tissue declined both normal and frictional contact forces similarly declined albeit in a different way. Once the contact force reaches a peak point (irrespective of the baseline stiffness of the tissue) additional pressure application by the examiner was associated with incremental decrease in both normal and frictional (wasted) contact force.

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Jung, Erik, Victoria Ly, Christopher Cheney, Nicholas Cessna, Mai Linh Ngo, Dennis Castro, and Mircea Teodorescu. "Design, Construction and Validation of a Proof of Concept Flexible–Rigid Mechanism Emulating Human Leg Behavior." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 8, 2021): 9351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199351.

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In most robotics simulations, human joints (e.g., hips and knees) are assumed to be revolute joints with limited range rotations. However, this approach neglects the internal flexibility of the joint, which could present a significant drawback in some applications. We propose a tensegrity-inspired robotic manipulator that can replicate the kinematic behavior of the human leg. The design of the hip and knee resembles the musculoskeletal connections within the human body. Our implementation represents muscles, tendons and ligament connections as cables, and bones as rods. This particular design manipulates muscles to replicate a human-like gait, which demonstrates its potential for use as an anatomically correct assistive device (prosthetic, exoskeleton, etc.). Using the OpenSim 3.0 simulation environment, we estimated the kinematics and structural integrity of the proposed flexural joint design and determined the actuation strategies for our prototype. Kinematics for the prototype include the mechanical limitations and constraints derived from the simulations. We compared the simulation, physical prototype, and human leg behaviors for various ranges of motion and demonstrated the potential for using OpenSim 3.0 as a flexible–rigid modeling and simulation environment.

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Glenn, Floyd. "The Case for Micro-models." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 18 (October 1989): 1228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301813.

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This paper examines the appropriate role of human performance micro-models in simulations of human-machine system operations. Requirements for general human micro-models are considered relative to the objectives of simulation studies, the conditions under which simulations are constructed and used, the status of human performance data bases and models, and the features provided with general-purpose simulation software. This investigation focuses particularly on a new simulation tool for simulating human-machine systems; it is known as the Human Operator Simulator – Version V (HOS-V). A general design principle of HOS-V has been to provide embedded human performance micro-models for the basic performance processes that seem most pervasive and interactive with other processes. These include representations for processes of body movement, cognition, and attention. Key to these representations are the substructures in each area. Body movement models describe locations of body parts and constraints on their movement. Cognition models describe how the human processes information through perception, memory, decision-making, and action initiation. The attention model describes how a limited attentional resource is allocated to the various body movement and cognition processes, each of which has a defined attentional requirement. Plans for implementation of micro-model components of HOS-V are discussed.

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Morgan, Thomas J. H., Jordan W. Suchow, and Thomas L. Griffiths. "Experimental evolutionary simulations of learning, memory and life history." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 375, no. 1803 (June 2020): 20190504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2019.0504.

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Humans possess an unusual combination of traits, including our cognition, life history, demographics and geographical distribution. Many theories propose that these traits have coevolved. Such hypotheses have been explored both theoretically and empirically, with experiments examining whether human behaviour meets theoretical expectations. However, theory must make assumptions about the human mind, creating a potentially problematic gap between models and reality. Here, we employ a series of ‘experimental evolutionary simulations' to reduce this gap and to explore the coevolution of learning, memory and childhood. The approach combines aspects of theory and experiment by inserting human participants as agents within an evolutionary simulation. Across experiments, we find that human behaviour supports the coevolution of learning, memory and childhood, but that this is dampened by rapid environmental change. We conclude by discussing both the implications of these findings for theories of human evolution and the utility of experimental evolutionary simulations more generally. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Life history and learning: how childhood, caregiving and old age shape cognition and culture in humans and other animals'.

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Yamamoto, Takashi, and Tomoyuki Yamaguchi. "Human-to-Human Position Estimation System Using RSSI in Outdoor Environment." Sensors 22, no. 19 (October 8, 2022): 7621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22197621.

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Methods to prevent collisions between people to avoid traffic accidents are receiving significant attention. To measure the position in the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) area, which cannot be directly visually recognized, position-measuring methods use wireless-communication-type GPS and propagation characteristics of radio signals, such as received signal strength indication (RSSI). However, conventional position estimation methods using RSSI require multiple receivers, which decreases the position estimation accuracy, owing to the presence of surrounding buildings. This study proposes a system to solve this challenge using a receiver and position estimation method based on RSSI MAP simulation and particle filter. Moreover, this study utilizes BLE peripheral/central functions capable of advertising as the transmitter/receiver. By using the advertising radio waves, our method provides a framework for estimating the position of unspecified transmitters. The effectiveness of the proposed system is evaluated in this study through simulations and experiments in actual environments. We obtained an error average of the distance to be 1.6 m from the simulations, which shows the precision of the proposed method. In the actual environment, the proposed method showed an error average of the distance to be 3.3 m. Furthermore, we evaluated the accuracy of the proposed method when both the transmitter and receiver are in motion, which can be considered as a moving person in the outdoor NLOS area. The result shows an error of 4.5 m. Consequently, we concluded that the accuracy was comparable when the transmitter is stationary and when it is moving. Compared with conventional path loss, the model can measure distances of 3 m to 10 m, whereas the proposed method can estimate the “position” with the same accuracy in an outdoor environment. In addition, it can be expected to be used as a collision avoidance system that confirms the presence of strangers in the NLOS area.

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37

Moroney, William F., and Joyce A. Cameron. "Using Simulations in Teaching Human Factors: Bridging the Gap between the Academic World and the World of Work." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 39, no. 6 (October 1995): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129503900605.

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The nature of the world of work in which human factors professionals practice requires both knowledge and skill. Students of human factors need educational experiences which demand more than the acquisition of information in order to be prepared for this world. To meet this need for a broader educational experience, we incorporated three simulations into the design of a graduate course in Human Factors in Systems Development. The decision to use these three simulations required not only a restructuring of the course content, but also a reconsideration of instructional procedures. Fortunately, in the field of education there are “models of teaching” which can assist individuals who want to use simulations in teaching by providing guidance in shaping curriculum, in designing instructional materials, and in guiding instruction. The purpose of this paper is fourfold: (1) to describe the curriculum and the simulations used, (2) to indicate the type of educational objectives associated with each simulation, (3) to share a model of teaching which is intended specifically for use in conjunction with the use of classroom simulations, and (4) to relate some ideas about other types of simulations that we have begun to incorporate into other courses. It is our belief that the use of simulations can enhance the learning of both content and skills. More important, it can provide students with opportunities to experience the consequences of their individual and group efforts at problem-solving and decision making, and it can help bridge the gap between the academic experience and the world of work.

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38

Rosés, Raquel, Cristina Kadar, Charlotte Gerritsen, and Chris Rouly. "Simulating Offender Mobility: Modeling Activity Nodes from Large-Scale Human Activity Data." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 68 (July 9, 2020): 541–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11831.

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In recent years, simulation techniques have been applied to investigate the spatiotemporal dynamics of crime. Researchers have instantiated mobile offenders in agent-based simulations for theory testing, experimenting with crime prevention strategies, and exploring crime prediction techniques, despite facing challenges due to the complex dynamics of crime and the lack of detailed information about offender mobility. This paper presents a simulation model to explore offender mobility, focusing on the interplay between the agent's awareness space and activity nodes. The simulation generates patterns of individual mobility aiming to cumulatively match crime patterns. To instantiate a realistic urban environment, we use open data to simulate the urban structure, location-based social networks data to represent activity nodes as a proxy for human activity, and taxi trip data as a proxy for human movement between regions of the city. We analyze and systematically compare 35 different mobility strategies and demonstrate the benefits of using large-scale human activity data to simulate offender mobility. The strategies combining taxi trip data or historic crime data with popular activity nodes perform best compared to other strategies, especially for robbery. Our approach provides a basis for building agent-based crime simulations that infer offender mobility in urban areas from real-world data.

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39

Reinhart, William F., and Charles J. C. Lloyd. "A Human Factors Simulation Tool for Stereoscopic Displays." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 38, no. 19 (October 1994): 1290–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193129403801909.

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The increasing complexity of advanced display systems places increased importance on simulation tools. Display simulation tools allow the development of displays with the desired balance of image quality and end cost while reducing the time and cost otherwise associated with iterative testing of physical prototypes. In addition, simulation offers the advantage of permitting demonstration of display systems to targeted users and decision makers early in the display design cycle, allowing for more feedback in the design process. A new display simulation tool is described in this paper with the capability of simulating advanced electronic stereoscopic displays. To illustrate the use of this tool, an evaluation of a simulated stereoscopic head-mounted display is reported. Surgeons viewed stereoscopic laparoscopic imagery and rated the acceptability of display gray scale, resolution, and field of view. Clear preferences were seen for levels of each of these parameters. Simulations such as the one described in this report play an invaluable role in defining acceptable design parameters prior to commitment to display production.

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40

Vidakovic, Jelena, Mihailo Lazarevic, Vladimir Kvrgic, Zorana Dančuo, and Maja Lutovac. "Comparison of Numerical Simulation Models for Open Loop Flight Simulations in the Human Centrifuge." PAMM 13, no. 1 (November 29, 2013): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.201310235.

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41

Arafa, A. A. M., I. M. Hanafy, and M. I. Gouda. "Numerical Simulations of Bromsulphthalein Test for Human Liver." Mathematical Sciences Letters 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2014): 75–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.12785/msl/030202.

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42

Jyrkkärinne, Johanna, Jenni Küblbeck, Juha Pulkkinen, Paavo Honkakoski, Reino Laatikainen, Antti Poso, and Tuomo Laitinen. "Molecular Dynamics Simulations for Human CAR Inverse Agonists." Journal of Chemical Information and Modeling 52, no. 2 (January 25, 2012): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ci200432k.

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43

Alfonso-Prieto, Mercedes, Alejandro Giorgetti, and Paolo Carloni. "Multiscale simulations on human Frizzled and Taste2 GPCRs." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 55 (April 2019): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbi.2019.02.009.

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44

Lin, A. S., M. L. Buist, L. K. Cheng, N. P. Smith, and A. J. Pullan. "Computational Simulations of the Human Magneto- and Electroenterogram." Annals of Biomedical Engineering 34, no. 8 (June 24, 2006): 1322–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10439-006-9142-4.

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45

Martonen, T., Kristin Isaacs, and Dongming Hwang. "Three-Dimensional Simulations of Airways Within Human Lungs." Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 42, no. 3 (2005): 223–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/cbb:42:3:223.

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46

Chu, Mei Ling, and Kincho Law. "Computational Framework Incorporating Human Behaviors for Egress Simulations." Journal of Computing in Civil Engineering 27, no. 6 (November 2013): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cp.1943-5487.0000313.

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47

Davis, J., Peyina Lin, A. Borning, B. Friedman, P. H. Kahn, and P. A. Waddell. "Simulations for Urban Planning: Designing for Human Values." Computer 39, no. 9 (September 2006): 66–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2006.324.

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48

Rebič, Matúš, Francesca Mocci, Aatto Laaksonen, and Jozef Uličný. "Multiscale Simulations of Human Telomeric G-Quadruplex DNA." Journal of Physical Chemistry B 119, no. 1 (December 17, 2014): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp5103274.

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49

Mello, Matheus F., Esteban Dodero-Rojas, Antonio B. Oliveira Jr, Vinicius Contessoto, and José N. Onuchic. "Investigating human chromosome organization by whole-genome simulations." Biophysical Journal 122, no. 3 (February 2023): 307a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2022.11.1728.

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50

Kluck, C., and T. M. Buzug. "Numerical simulations of airflow in the human pharynx of OSAHS patients." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 1, no. 1 (September 1, 2015): 552–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2016-0003.

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AbstractAbstract: Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations are performed in real patient individual pharynx geometries of an Obstructive Sleep Apnea patient. The Navier-Stokes equations as well as the Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations and k − ∊ and k −ω turbulence models are used. The velocity profile and pressure distribution of the patient without any treatment and the patient wearing a mandibular advancement appliance are compared to each other. The simulation results for the different model conditions all lead to similar results showing the robustness of the numerical solutions. The pressure loss along the pharynx is lower in the presence of a mandibular appliance, which can indicate the reduction of OSAHS severity.

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