Готові списки джерел за темами / Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 11 березня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics"

Takahashi, Kota Z., Rebecca L. Krupenevich, Amy L. Lenz, Luke A. Kelly, Michael J. Rainbow, and Jason R. Franz. "Mechanics and Energetics of Human Feet: A Contemporary Perspective for Understanding Mobility Impairments in Older Adults." Biomechanics 2, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): 494–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics2040038.

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Much of our current understanding of age-related declines in mobility has been aided by decades of investigations on the role of muscle–tendon units spanning major lower extremity joints (e.g., hip, knee and ankle) for powering locomotion. Yet, mechanical contributions from foot structures are often neglected. This is despite the emerging evidence of their critical importance in youthful locomotion. With the rapid growth in the field of human foot biomechanics over the last decade, our theoretical knowledge of young asymptomatic feet has transformed, from long-held views of the foot as a stiff lever and a shock absorber to that of a versatile system that can modulate mechanical power and energy output to accommodate various locomotor task demands. In this perspective review, we predict that the next set of impactful discoveries related to locomotion in older adults will emerge by integrating the novel tools and approaches that are currently transforming the field of human foot biomechanics. By illuminating the functions of the feet in older adults, we envision that future investigations will refine our mechanistic understanding of mobility deficits affecting our aging population, which may ultimately inspire targeted interventions to rejuvenate the mechanics and energetics of locomotion.

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Lindstedt, Stan L., Patrick M. Mineo, and Paul J. Schaeffer. "Animal galloping and human hopping: an energetics and biomechanics laboratory exercise." Advances in Physiology Education 37, no. 4 (December 2013): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/advan.00045.2013.

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This laboratory exercise demonstrates fundamental principles of mammalian locomotion. It provides opportunities to interrogate aspects of locomotion from biomechanics to energetics to body size scaling. It has the added benefit of having results with robust signal to noise so that students will have success even if not “meticulous” in attention to detail. First, using respirometry, students measure the energetic cost of hopping at a “preferred” hop frequency. This is followed by hopping at an imposed frequency half of the preferred. By measuring the O2 uptake and work done with each hop, students calculate mechanical efficiency. Lessons learned from this laboratory include 1) that the metabolic cost per hop at half of the preferred frequency is nearly double the cost at the preferred frequency; 2) that when a person is forced to hop at half of their preferred frequency, the mechanical efficiency is nearly that predicted for muscle but is much higher at the preferred frequency; 3) that the preferred hop frequency is strongly body size dependent; and 4) that the hop frequency of a human is nearly identical to the galloping frequency predicted for a quadruped of our size. Together, these exercises demonstrate that humans store and recover elastic recoil potential energy when hopping but that energetic savings are highly frequency dependent. This stride frequency is dependent on body size such that frequency is likely chosen to maximize this function. Finally, by requiring students to make quantitative solutions using appropriate units and dimensions of the physical variables, these exercises sharpen analytic and quantitative skills.

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Minetti, Alberto E., Paolo Gaudino, Elena Seminati, and Dario Cazzola. "The cost of transport of human running is not affected, as in walking, by wide acceleration/deceleration cycles." Journal of Applied Physiology 114, no. 4 (February 15, 2013): 498–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00959.2012.

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Although most of the literature on locomotion energetics and biomechanics is about constant-speed experiments, humans and animals tend to move at variable speeds in their daily life. This study addresses the following questions: 1) how much extra metabolic energy is associated with traveling a unit distance by adopting acceleration/deceleration cycles in walking and running, with respect to constant speed, and 2) how can biomechanics explain those metabolic findings. Ten males and ten females walked and ran at fluctuating speeds (5 ± 0, ± 1, ± 1.5, ± 2, ± 2.5 km/h for treadmill walking, 11 ± 0, ± 1, ± 2, ± 3, ± 4 km/h for treadmill and field running) in cycles lasting 6 s. Field experiments, consisting of subjects following a laser spot projected from a computer-controlled astronomic telescope, were necessary to check the noninertial bias of the oscillating-speed treadmill. Metabolic cost of transport was found to be almost constant at all speed oscillations for running and up to ±2 km/h for walking, with no remarkable differences between laboratory and field results. The substantial constancy of the metabolic cost is not explained by the predicted cost of pure acceleration/deceleration. As for walking, results from speed-oscillation running suggest that the inherent within-stride, elastic energy-free accelerations/decelerations when moving at constant speed work as a mechanical buffer for among-stride speed fluctuations, with no extra metabolic cost. Also, a recent theory about the analogy between sprint (level) running and constant-speed running on gradients, together with the mechanical determinants of gradient locomotion, helps to interpret the present findings.

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Pyne, David B., and Rick L. Sharp. "Physical and Energy Requirements of Competitive Swimming Events." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 24, no. 4 (August 2014): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0047.

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The aquatic sports competitions held during the summer Olympic Games include diving, open-water swimming, pool swimming, synchronized swimming, and water polo. Elite-level performance in each of these sports requires rigorous training and practice to develop the appropriate physiological, biomechanical, artistic, and strategic capabilities specific to each sport. Consequently, the daily training plans of these athletes are quite varied both between and within the sports. Common to all aquatic athletes, however, is that daily training and preparation consumes several hours and involves frequent periods of high-intensity exertion. Nutritional support for this high-level training is a critical element of the preparation of these athletes to ensure the energy and nutrient demands of the training and competition are met. In this article, we introduce the fundamental physical requirements of these sports and specifically explore the energetics of human locomotion in water. Subsequent articles in this issue explore the specific nutritional requirements of each aquatic sport. We hope that such exploration will provide a foundation for future investigation of the roles of optimal nutrition in optimizing performance in the aquatic sports.

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Kram, Rodger, and Terence J. Dawson. "Energetics and biomechanics of locomotion by red kangaroos (Macropus rufus)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 120, no. 1 (May 1998): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-0491(98)00022-4.

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Masumoto, Kenji, and John A. Mercer. "Biomechanics of Human Locomotion in Water." Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 36, no. 3 (July 2008): 160–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/jes.0b013e31817bfe73.

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D'Août, Kristiaan. "The biomechanics of human locomotion: evolving barefoot." Footwear Science 5, sup1 (June 2013): S2—S3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19424280.2013.797929.

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Lejeune, T. M., P. A. Willems, and N. C. Heglund. "Mechanics and energetics of human locomotion on sand." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 13 (July 1, 1998): 2071–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.13.2071.

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Moving about in nature often involves walking or running on a soft yielding substratum such as sand, which has a profound effect on the mechanics and energetics of locomotion. Force platform and cinematographic analyses were used to determine the mechanical work performed by human subjects during walking and running on sand and on a hard surface. Oxygen consumption was used to determine the energetic cost of walking and running under the same conditions. Walking on sand requires 1.6-2.5 times more mechanical work than does walking on a hard surface at the same speed. In contrast, running on sand requires only 1.15 times more mechanical work than does running on a hard surface at the same speed. Walking on sand requires 2.1-2.7 times more energy expenditure than does walking on a hard surface at the same speed; while running on sand requires 1.6 times more energy expenditure than does running on a hard surface. The increase in energy cost is due primarily to two effects: the mechanical work done on the sand, and a decrease in the efficiency of positive work done by the muscles and tendons.

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Wall-Scheffler, Cara M. "Energetics, Locomotion, and Female Reproduction: Implications for Human Evolution." Annual Review of Anthropology 41, no. 1 (October 21, 2012): 71–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-anthro-092611-145739.

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Zhang, Xiao Dong, Jian Qiao Li, Han Huang, and Meng Zou. "Mechanics of Locomotion Energetics in Chinese Mitten Crab Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards." Applied Mechanics and Materials 461 (November 2013): 247–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.461.247.

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The study on the locomotion mechanism in laboratory has defined performance limits for animals presently. But it is more significant for investigating mechanics of animals in their free state. In order to study the locomotion properties of Chinese mitten crabs Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards on one flat terrain and four kinds of rough terrains, a high speed 3-D video recording system was used to record motion video images of crabs. The gait pattern, average speeds, the mechanical energy of the mass center and percentage energy recovery were investigated with motion analysis system. The results showed that Chinese mitten crabs used alternating tetrapod gait on flat terrain and with increasing of terrain roughness, the regularity of gait tend to be less conspicuous. Crabs used two fundamental models of energy exchanging patterns: the inverted pendulum gait and the bouncing gait and the bouncing gait was the main energy saving and conserving pattern. Keywords-biomechanics, Chinese mitten crab, rough terrain, gait, mechanical energy, percentage energy recovery

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Дисертації з теми "Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics"

Ekizos, Antonis. "Dynamic stability control and human energetics." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19545.

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Die Bewegungs-kontrollstrategien kontextabhängig und abhängig von unterschiedlichen Kriterien ausgewählt werden. Einerseits ist die Stabilität in den Bewegungszuständen wie der Fortbewegung ausschlaggebend für die ungestörte Ausführung bestimmter Handlungen und erfordert eine effektive Steuerung durch das zentrale Nervensystem. Andererseits wird die Bewegungsstrategieauswahl durch das zentrale Nervensystem dadurch bestimmt, dass die Energiekosten minimiert werden soll. Beide Konzepte (d.h. die Aufrechterhaltung der Stabilität und die Energiekostenminimierung) spielen eine fundamentale Rolle bei der Frage, warum sich Menschen so bewegen, wie sie es tun. Unklar ist dabei allerdings, auf welche Weise das zentrale Nervensystem beide Prinzipien gegeneinander gewichtet. In den letzten 20 Jahren haben uns wissenschaftliche Konzepte wie die Chaostheorie oder die Theorie komplexer Systeme eine neue Herangehensweise an diese Fragen ermöglicht. Diese Arbeit untersucht die dynamische Stabilität menschlicher Fortbewegung mit Hilfe des Konzepts der Ljapunowanalyse. Als erstes wird eine methodologische Untersuchung der Verlässlichkeit des maximalen Ljapunowexponenten beim Gehen und Laufen durchgeführt (Kapitel 2). Danach wird verglichen zwischen dem Laufen unter normalen Umständen und dem darauffolgenden Laufen ohne Schuhe, wobei letzteres eine Abnahme der Stabilität nach dem Übergang zu den neuen Umständen zur Folge hat (Kapitel 3). In der letzten Untersuchung wurde ein unterschiedlich langes Training zur Verbesserung der Laufenergetik durchgeführt, in einer Gruppe nur über einen kurzen und in einer anderen Gruppe über einen etwas längeren Zeitraum (Kapitel 4). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Bewegungskontrollfehler für die Energiekosten beim Laufen eine Rolle spielen können, und legen somit eine flexible Priorisierung der Bewegungskontrolle nahe.
Motor control strategies are chosen in a context dependent manner, based on different criteria. On the one hand stability in dynamic conditions such as locomotion, is crucial to uninterrupted task execution and requires effective regulation by the central nervous system. On the other, minimization of the energetic cost of transport is instrumental in choosing the locomotion strategy by the central nervous system. Both these concepts, (i.e. maintaining stability and optimization of energetic cost of locomotion) have a fundamental role on how and why humans move in the way they do. However, how the human central nervous system prioritizes between the different goals is unknown. In the last 20 years, ideas from scientific paradigms such as chaos theory and complex systems have given us novel tools to approach these questions. The current thesis examines the dynamic stability during human locomotion under such an approach using the concept of Lyapunov analysis. At first a methodological examination of the reliability of the maximum Lyapunov exponent in walking and running has been conducted (chapter 2). Afterwards, an examination between the habitual running condition and after removal of footwear was conducted, exhibiting a decrease in stability following the acute transition to the new condition (chapter 3). In the last study, a training intervention aiming at improvements in running energetics was performed using a short-term and a long-term intervention group (chapter 4). The results evidence that motor control errors can have a role in the energy cost of running and thus, a flexible prioritization of the motor control output.

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Long, Leroy L. III. "An Experiment in Human Locomotion: Energetic Cost and Energy-Optimal Gait Choice." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1313584497.

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Vaughan, Christopher Leonard (Kit). "The biomechanics of human locomotion." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3491.

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Includes bibliographical references. The thesis on CD-ROM includes Animate, GaitBib, GaitBook and GaitLab, four quick time movies which focus on the functional understanding of human gait. The CD-ROM is available at the Health Sciences Library.

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Newman, Dava Jean. "Human locomotion and energetics in simulated partial gravity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13172.

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Brown, Geoffrey L. "Nonlinear Locomotion: Mechanics, energetics, and optimality of walking in circles and other curved paths." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1339169797.

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Browning, Raymond Clifton. "Effects of obesity on the energetics and biomechanics of human walking." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/colorado/fullcit?p3190374.

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Lay, Brendan, and mikewood@deakin edu au. "The energetics of interlimb coordination." Deakin University. School of Health Sciences, 2003. http://tux.lib.deakin.edu.au./adt-VDU/public/adt-VDU20050902.111407.

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While the traditional dependent variables of motor skill learning are accuracy and consistency of movement outcome, there has been increasing interest in aspects of motor performance that are described as reflecting the energetics of motor behaviour. One defining characteristic of skilled motor performance is the ability to complete the task with minimum energy expenditure (Sparrow & Newell, 1998). A further consideration is that movements also have costs in terms of cognitive effort or energy. The present project extends previous work on energy expenditure and motor skill learning within a coordination dynamics framework. From the dynamic pattern perspective, a coordination pattern lowest on the 11KB model potential curve (Haken, Kelso & Bunz, 1985) is more stable and least energy is required to maintain pattern stability (Temprado, Zanone, Monno & Laurent, 1999). Two experiments investigated the learning of stable and unstable coordination patterns with high metabolic energy demand. An experimental task was devised by positioning two cycle ergometers side-by-side, placing one foot on each, with the pedals free to move independently at any metronome-paced relative phase, Experiment 1 investigated practice-related changes to oxygen consumption, heart rate, relative phase, reaction time and muscle activation (EMG) as participants practiced anti-phase, in-phase and 90°-phase cycling. Across six practice trials metabolic energy cost reduced and AE and VE of relative phase declined. The trend in the metabolic and reaction time data and percent co-contraction of muscles was for the in-phase cycling to demonstrate the highest values, anti-phase the lowest and 90°-phase cycling in-between. It was found that anti- and in-phase cycling were both kinematically stable but anti-phase coordination revealed significantly lower metabolic energy cost. It was, therefore, postulated that of two equally stable coordination patterns, that associated with lower metabolic energy expenditure would constitute a stronger attractor. Experiment 2 was designed to determine whether a lower or higher energy-demanding coordination pattern was a stronger attractor by scanning the attractor layout at thirty-degree intervals from 0° to 330°. The initial attractor layout revealed that in-phase was most stable and accurate, but the remaining coordination patterns were attracted to the low energy cost anti-phase cycling. In Experiment 2 only 90°- phase cycling was practiced with a post-test attractor layout scan revealing that 90°-phase and its symmetrical partner 270°-phase had become attractors of other coordination patterns. Consistent with Experiment 1, practicing 90°-phase cycling revealed a decline in AE and VE and a reduction in metabolic and cognitive cost. Practicing 90°-phase cycling did not, however, destabilise the in-phase or anti-phase coordination patterns either kinematically or energetically. In summary, the findings suggest that metabolic and mental energy can be considered different representations of a global energy expenditure or energetic phenomenon underlying human coordination. The hypothesis that preferred coordination patterns emerge as stable, low-energy solutions to the problem of inter-and intra-limb coordination is supported here in showing that the low-energy minimum of coordination dynamics is also an energetic minimum.

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Yamashita, Daichi. "The mechanics of human sideways locomotion." Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/188791.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第18353号
人博第666号
新制||人||160(附属図書館)
25||人博||666(吉田南総合図書館)
31211
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)准教授神﨑素樹, 教授森谷敏夫, 准教授久代恵介, 教授小田伸午
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Lees, John. "Seasonal adaptations in the energetics and biomechanics of locomotion in the Svalbard rock ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea)." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/seasonal-adaptations-in-the-energetics-and-biomechanics-of-locomotion-in-the-svalbard-rock-ptarmigan-lagopus-muta-hyperborea(867ab906-4d06-4500-a4dc-ac6d27bc1965).html.

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One of the most striking things about many animals is that they can be defined by the ways in which they move. Moving costs metabolic energy and is a significant contributor to the daily energy balance of organisms and therefore fitness. Balancing energy needs is critically important to species inhabiting areas of limited resources. The metabolic cost of locomotion is influenced by physiological, morphological and behavioural factors that vary across species. The influence of these factors within species is less well understood. The objective of my PhD is to elucidate the potential for variation in locomotor performance, in particular the energy consumed and the biomechanics of locomotion within a species, in response to differences in season, sex, age and the nature of the terrain. The Svalbard ptarmigan (Lagopus muta hyperborea) is the only year-round avian resident of the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard. Svalbard is characterized by extreme photoperiodic and climatic conditions, with 24 hours of daylight in summer and continuous darkness in winter, when ice makes food unpredictable. As a result, ptarmigan annually gain significant fat stores, as much as doubling their body mass in winter. The consequences of such large gains in mass upon the metabolic cost and biomechanics of terrestrial locomotion are yet to be quantified. The Svalbard ptarmigan represents a unique opportunity to gain insight into avian adaptations.Using respirometry, I present evidence that winter birds are able to carry their fat stores at no metabolic cost. Using kinematic and force plate data, I show that acquiring fat results in reduced locomotor performance in terms of speed and take-off ability. As well as exhibiting phenotypic variation, male and female Svalbard ptarmigan are behaviourally very different. I present evidence that these behavioural differences are reflected in the metabolic cost of locomotion. In particular, males are both more efficient and faster than female birds during both summer and winter. I suggest that this results from sexual selection upon male locomotor performance. Furthermore, I present data demonstrating that sub-adult males experiencing their first winter possess the same metabolic and speed capabilities of adults. These data may indicate that selection for improved male locomotor performance may act upon sub-adult birds. Regardless of season, age or sex, Svalbard ptarmigan must locomote on a predominantly sloping terrain. The influence of inclines upon the metabolic cost of locomotion in birds is poorly understood. I provide evidence that at the same degree of incline, the cost of lifting 1 kg by 1 vertical metre is similar regardless of season and is therefore dictated by increased positive work. However, this cost varies according to the degree of incline and may be influenced by gait.The principal findings of the 5 first author papers presented are that behavioural, physiological and morphological variation within a species can have significant impacts upon the metabolic cost of locomotion and other aspects of locomotor performance. The potential for intraspecific differences should therefore be taken into account in future research regarding the patterns of energy expenditure in animals.

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Horner, Angela M. "Crouched Locomotion in Small Mammals: The Effects of Habitat and Aging." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1283529573.

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Книги з теми "Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics"

Biomechanics, Canadian Society for. Human Locomotion VI =. Québec, Qué: Canadian Society for Biomechanics, 1990.

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1916-1963, Williams Marian, ed. Williams & Lissner's biomechanics of human motion. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 1992.

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Jessica, Rose, and Gamble James Gibson, eds. Human walking. 3rd ed. Philidelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2006.

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Symposium, Canadian Society for Biomechanics Conference and Human Locomotion. Proceedings of the Fifth Biennial Conference and Human Locomotion Symposium of the Canadian Society for Biomechanics (CSB/SCB). London, Ont: Spodym Publishers, 1988.

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1952-, Allard Paul, and International Society of Biomechanics, eds. Three-dimensional analysis of human locomotion. Chichester, England: J. Wiley, 1997.

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Jessica, Rose, and Gamble James Gibson, eds. Human walking. 2nd ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, 1994.

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Neto, Osmar Pinto. Biomechanics of martial arts and combative sports. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher's, Inc., 2010.

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Clare, Kell, ed. Human movement: An introductory text. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2010.

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MCSP, Everett Tony, and Kell Clare, eds. Human movement: An introductory text. 6th ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2010.

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Vaughan, Christopher Leonard. The biomechanics of human locomotion: A thesis presented in fulfilment for the degree, Doctor of Science in Medicine. South Africa: University of Cape Town, 2009.

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Частини книг з теми "Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics"

Pedotti, A., C. Frigo, R. Assente, and G. Ferrigno. "Analysis of Human Locomotion by Advanced Technologies and Methodologies." In Biomechanics of Engineering, 157–82. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2808-4_4.

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Ferrigno, G., G. C. Santambrogio, and K. Jaworek. "An Automatic Method to Evaluate Goodness of Muscular Work During Human Locomotion." In Biomechanics: Basic and Applied Research, 147–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3355-2_15.

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Morecki, A. "Modelling, Mathematical Description, Measurements and Control of the Selected Animal and Human Body Manipulation and Locomotion Movements." In Biomechanics of Engineering, 1–87. Vienna: Springer Vienna, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-2808-4_1.

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Bahl, Ajay, Sharad Ranga, and Rajnish Sharma. "Normal Human Locomotion." In Basics of Biomechanics, 81. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/11064_13.

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Basmajian, John V. "Biomechanics of Human Posture and Locomotion: Perspectives from Electromyography." In The Functional and Evolutionary Biology of Primates, 292–304. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315132129-13.

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S., Monisha Gowri, Ravi Kant Avvari, Mirza Khalid Baig, and Thirugnanam Arunachalam. "Gait Analysis." In Advances in Computational Approaches in Biomechanics, 65–87. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-9078-2.ch004.

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The impact of the musculoskeletal system on human locomotion is acquired using force platforms, motion analysis systems, and EMG markers. The kinetic and kinematic parameters can be obtained using the force platform, EMG markers, and motion analysis system. The videos are captured using the motion analysis system and analyzed using suitable software. If the typical gait pattern is irregular, it indicates a disorder or abnormality. An abnormal gait cycle or pattern may rise due to joint pain, muscle strain, deformities of bone, weakness, and other impairments in limbs. The gait analysis is used to study various gait abnormalities. The obtained pattern of abnormal subjects is clinically correlated for the assessment of gait disorders. Gait analysis has a wide range of applications like sports for enduring athletes' performance and injury prevention, in rehabilitation, post-surgery analysis, design of orthotics and shoes, and biomechanics studies of astronauts.

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Ribeiro Nogueira da Gama, Dirceu, Andressa Oliveira Barros dos Santos, João Gabriel Miranda de Oliveira, Juliana Brandão Pinto de Castro, and Rodrigo Gomes de Souza Vale. "The Use of Exergames in Motor Education Processes for School-Aged Children: A Systematic Review and Epistemic Diagnosis." In Recent Advances in Sport Science [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.96074.

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This study aimed to diagnose the current state of knowledge about the use of exergames in the motor education processes of school-aged children. We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA recommendations. Web of Science, MedLine (via PubMed), ScienceDirect, and Scopus databases were searched in December 2020 with the terms “exergames”, “motor education”, and “children”. We used the Jadad scale and the Systematization for Research Approaches in Sports Sciences instrument to evaluate the surveyed material. Seventeen articles met the inclusion criteria. We observed that: 1) the use of exergames by children can increase the motor skills of locomotion and control of objects, in addition to the levels of physical fitness, but the magnitude and duration of these increments remain inconclusive; 2) the articles exhibited theoretical and methodological weaknesses; 3) empirical-experimental investigations centered on intervention studies are hegemonic; 4) the theories of Sports Training, Didactics, and Human Movement underlie the studies, referring to an interdisciplinary crossing between Sport Psychology, Sport Pedagogy, Sport and Performance, and Sport and Health; 4) researches with alternative designs are necessary; 5) we recommend to approach this issue according to other perspectives, such as Biomechanics applied to Sport, Sports Medicine, Sociology of Sport, and Philosophy of Sport.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics"

Elliott, Grant, Gregory S. Sawicki, Andrew Marecki, and Hugh Herr. "The biomechanics and energetics of human running using an elastic knee exoskeleton." In 2013 IEEE 13th International Conference on Rehabilitation Robotics (ICORR 2013). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icorr.2013.6650418.

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Muscolo, Giovanni Gerardo, Darwin Caldwell, and Ferdinando Cannella. "Biomechanics of human locomotion with constraints to design flexible-wheeled biped robots." In 2017 IEEE International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics (AIM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aim.2017.8014193.

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Yali, Han, Liu Yiyu, Gao Haitao, and Zhu Song Qing. "The biomechanics effects of back and front pack load carriage for human locomotion." In 2012 IEEE International Conference on Mechatronics and Automation (ICMA). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icma.2012.6284379.

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Rigobon, Daniel, Julieth Ochoa, and Neville Hogan. "Entrainment of Ankle-Actuated Walking Model to Periodic Perturbations via Leading Leg Angle Control." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5132.

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In prior work, a minimal mathematical model of bipedal walking was developed to investigate the experimentally observed entrainment behavior of human locomotion. While that model reproduced several salient properties of human walking, it failed to entrain to periodic perturbations with period longer than preferred walking period. To overcome that limitation, we introduced afferent feedback in the form of leading leg angle control that depended on the energetics of previous steps. The model response to periodic perturbations was again studied in simulation, testing several perturbation periods and initial perturbation phases. This revised model captured important aspects of human locomotion that had been previously observed experimentally: a finite basin of entrainment to both shorter and longer perturbation periods. Regardless of the (random) phases of the step cycle at which perturbations were initiated, all entrained simulations phase-locked with the torque pulses at the end of double stance. However, more than twice as many steps were required to entrain to longer perturbations. The results achieved with this revised walking model emphasize the importance of the oscillatory dynamics of bipedal locomotion and highlight possible applications of gait entrainment as a method for permissive motor guidance in the field of assistive and rehabilitation robotics.

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Font, Josep Maria, and Jo´zsef Ko¨vecses. "Effects of Mass Distribution and Configuration on the Energetic Losses at Impacts of Bipedal Walking Systems." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-66684.

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Understanding the dynamics of human walking is a complex task due to the interaction of the musculoskeletal and the central nervous systems. Nevertheless, the use of simple models can provide useful insight into the mechanical aspects of bipedal locomotion. Such models exploit the observations that human walking significantly relies on passive dynamics and inverted pendulum-like behaviour. The mechanical analysis of walking involves the study of the finite motion single support phase and the impulsive motion of the impacts that occur at heel strike. Such impacts are dominant events because they represent a sudden topology transition and moreover, they are the main cause of energy consumption during the gait cycle. The aim of this work is to gain insight into the dynamics and energetics of heel strike. We use a concept that decouples the dynamics of the biped to the spaces of admissible and constrained motions at the topology transition. This approach is then applied to a straight-legged biped with upper body. Detailed analysis and discussions are presented to quantify the effects of the mass distribution and the impact configuration on the energetics of walking.

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Lura, Derek J., M. Jason Highsmith, Stephanie L. Carey, and Rajiv V. Dubey. "Kinetic Differences in a Subject With Two Different Prosthetic Knees While Performing Sitting and Standing Movements." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193045.

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Advanced prostheses are currently being sold in consumer markets. The development of these advanced prostheses is largely a result of a better understanding of the biomechanics of human locomotion [1]. Powered and microprocessor controlled prostheses are offering better performance in a variety of movements and in the gait cycle. However the focus in lower limb prosthetics has been largely on locomotion (e.g. walking, stair gait and running). This study focuses on the sit and stand cycles of an individual with an Otto Bock C-leg and an Ossur Power Knee prosthesis, comparing his ability to utilize each prosthesis and comparing his cycle to that of a healthy (non-amputee) control subject. This study is part of a larger ongoing study of the sit and stand cycles seen in a large population of unilateral transfemoral prosthetic users of various kinds. The purpose of this study is to compare the difference in method of standing, and assistance provided by the prosthesis. With the knowledge gained from this study we hope to better understand the biomechanics of the sit and stand cycles, leading to better prostheses in the future.

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Thapa, Saroj, Hao Zheng, Geza F. Kogler, and Xiangrong Shen. "A Robotic Knee Orthosis for Sit-to-Stand Assistance." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9891.

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Nowadays a large number of individuals suffer from lower-limb weaknesses caused by multiple reasons, such as the gradual degeneration of musculoskeletal structure in elderly population, and the pathological losses of neuromuscular functions in stroke and spinal cord injury patients. In this paper, the design and control of a new robotic knee orthosis is presented, with the objective of assisting the user’s locomotion (primarily sit-to-stand motion) by applying an assistive torque on the knee, the largest joint in the human body. The orthosis consists of an orthosis shell and an actuation unit. The former functions as the user interface that transfers the assistive torque to the human body, while the latter generates the desired assistive torque with a motor-ball screw assembly. Through detailed design calculation, it has been demonstrated that the actuated orthotic joint is able to provide 20% of the required knee torque in the sit-to-stand motion. A controller for the robotic orthosis has also been developed by studying and emulating the knee biomechanics in the sit-to-stand motion. Benchtop testing conducted on a surrogate limb system demonstrated that the joint motion powered by the robotic orthosis is stable, smooth, and similar to the biological knee motion in the human sit-to-stand motion.

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Cherry, Michael S., Dave J. Choi, Kevin J. Deng, Sridhar Kota, and Daniel P. Ferris. "Design and Fabrication of an Elastic Knee Orthosis: Preliminary Results." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99622.

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When humans hop or run on compliant surfaces they alter the stiffness of their legs so that the overall stiffness of the leg-surface system remains the same. Adding a spring in parallel to the ankle joint incites a similar neuromuscular response; humans decrease their biological ankle stiffness such that the overall ankle stiffness remains unchanged. These results suggest that an elastic exoskeleton could be effective at reducing the metabolic cost of locomotion. To further increase our understanding of human response we have developed an elastic knee brace that adds a stiff spring in parallel to the knee. It will be used as a test platform in ascertaining the neuromuscular effects of adding a parallel knee spring while hopping on one leg. This paper focuses primarily on the mechanical design and implementation of our elastic knee orthosis. Results of the forthcoming studies of human subjects wearing this knee orthosis will be presented in a separate article that will focus on the biomechanics and the neuromuscular adaptations of the human body. Prior research found that the neuromuscular response to hopping on compliant surfaces was the same when running on compliant surfaces. We expect that our results from hopping with springs in parallel with the knee will also be applicable to running. This elastic knee brace represents the first phase of an ongoing research project to develop a passive compliant lower-body exoskeleton to assist in human running. It is expected that this research will benefit healthy individuals as well as those with disabilities causing decreased muscle function.

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Tracey, Dylan, and Hao Zhang. "Design of Passive Lower Limb Exoskeleton to Aid in Injury Mitigation and Muscular Efficiency." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22694.

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Abstract With the duties and responsibilities of the military, they are on the cutting edge of R&D and the latest and greatest technologies. One significant problem effecting thousands of soldiers are injuries to the lower limbs, specifically the knees, as a result of high impact to the joints and muscles. Through the research of biomechanics and ergonomics during human locomotion of running, cause and effects fatigue, muscular activation during running, gait cycle force analysis, and biomimicry of kangaroos, we were able to identify lower limb exoskeletons as a viable solution to the problem. The purpose of this research was to develop a relatively inexpensive prototype of a passive lower limb exoskeleton to aid in injury mitigation and muscular efficiency for soldiers. The hypothesis was that a lower limb exoskeleton would reduce/mitigate injuries by reducing stride length and increases stride frequency to lower impact on the knees while running. The prototype was tested by one participant on a 2-mile course with two load variations tested while running. The key results were seen from the spring systems potential to increase average stride cadence/frequency by 6–14% and reduce impact on joints and muscles by increasing the number of steps and reducing high center of gravity oscillation by 13–27%. Furthermore, this study provides evidence and research that proves that a passive lower limb exoskeleton design, which increases stride frequency and reduces stride length, can mitigate injuries to the lower limbs when running with weight by reducing the impact forces on the knees and improving running economy.

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Dianov, Sergey, Larisa Udochkina, Olga Vorontcova, and Pavel Gureev. "Influence of forefoot deformities on the gait cycle." In Innovations in Medical Science and Education. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsms.xkyr1542.

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Modern treatment of foot deformities made it possible to increase the positivity of the outcomes of their surgical treatment. Surgical correction of anatomical distortions significantly improves the supporting and motor functions of the foot. To achieve this goal are widely used in various corrective interventions on the anterior section of the foot. The abundance of methods for these operations indicates that there are no optimal standards to date. The influence of bone and articular changes to locomotion and dynamics of movements of the lower extremities remains largely unexplored. Expanding the diagnosis of dynamic changes in the gait cycle as a result of deformity of the forefoot can help optimize the choice of correction method. This will give the potential to determine the indications for a particular method of restoring the correctness of anatomical relationships. Therefore, diagnostics of the transformation of the gait cycle with deformations of the forefoot is of undoubted interest. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the biomechanical features of movement of a person with anterior foot deformity, pain syndrome caused by deformity, and to explain the influence of the deformed foot shape on the change of individual phases of the gait cycle. To find out the changes in the walking function, we used a three-dimensional video analysis method. The main group was represented by 29 patients with anterior deformity of feet. The research was organized in 2018-2020. The average age was 51.3±16.5 years (from 20 to 80 years female patients were 29 (96.7%)). The control group consisted of 22 healthy women without foot deformities, with an average age of 45.4±15.5 years. The tool base of the research was the Vicon motion capture system (digital infrared cameras Vicon T40-10 PCs., video cameras Vicon bonita 720-2 PCs., dynamometer platform AMTI – 2 PCs., software Vicon Nexus, Vicon Polygon). The study used a full Body Plugin Gate (URM-FRM) skeletal model consisting of 39 reflective markers arranged in a certain order on the human body. The analysis of kinematic data revealed that all 29 studied patients had violations of biomechanics of movements in the joints of the lower extremities. There was an increase in the time of double support by 22.2% from 0.21±0.057 s for the control group to 0.27±0.064 s for the main group. Video analysis allowed us to combine the data obtained using computer graphical visualization of movements with the indicators of the support reaction force and the speed of movement of the lower extremities in patients with foot deformities, as well as to reveal the internal architecture of the gait cycle.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Human locomotion biomechanics and energetics"

Gordon, Malcom S. Biomechanics and Energetics of Locomotion in Rigid-Bodied Fishes. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada403152.

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