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Дисертації з теми "Human information processing"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 29 липня 2024

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1

Graf, Erik. "Human information processing based information retrieval." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2011. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5188/.

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This work focused on the investigation of the question how the concept of relevance in Information Retrieval can be validated. The work is motivated by the consistent difficulties of defining the meaning of the concept, and by advances in the field of cognitive science. Analytical and empirical investigations are carried out with the aim of devising a principled approach to the validation of the concept. The foundation for this work was set by interpreting relevance as a phenomenon occurring within the context of two systems: An IR system and the cognitive processing system of the user. In light of the cognitive interpretation of relevance, an analysis of the learnt lessons in cognitive science with regard to the validation of cognitive phenomena was conducted. It identified that construct validity constitutes the dominant approach to the validation of constructs in cognitive science. Construct validity constitutes a proposal for the conduction of validation in scenarios, where no direct observation of a phenomenon is possible. With regard to the limitations on direct observation of a construct (i.e. a postulated theoretic concept), it bases validation on the evaluation of its relations to other constructs. Based on the interpretation of relevance as a product of cognitive processing it was concluded, that the limitations with regard to direct observation apply to its investigation. The evaluation of its applicability to an IR context, focused on the exploration of the nomological network methodology. A nomological network constitutes an analytically constructed set of constructs and their relations. The construction of such a network forms the basis for establishing construct validity through investigation of the relations between constructs. An analysis focused on contemporary insights to the nomological network methodology identified two important aspects with regard to its application in IR. The first aspect is given by a choice of context and the identification of a pool of candidate constructs for the inclusion in the network. The second consists of identifying criteria for the selection of a set of constructs from the candidate pool. The identification of the pertinent constructs for the network was based on a review of the principles of cognitive exploration, and an analysis of the state of the art in text based discourse processing and reasoning. On that basis, a listing of known sub-processes contributing to the pertinent cognitive processing was presented. Based on the identification of a large number of potential candidates, the next step consisted of the inference of criteria for the selection of an initial set of constructs for the network. The investigation of these criteria focused on the consideration of pragmatic and meta-theoretical aspects. Based on a survey of experimental means in cognitive science and IR, five pragmatic criteria for the selection of constructs were presented. Consideration of meta-theoretically motivated criteria required to investigate what the specific challenges with regard to the validation of highly abstract constructs are. This question was explored based on the underlying considerations of the Information Processing paradigm and Newell’s (1994) cognitive bands. This led to the identification of a set of three meta-theoretical criteria for the selection of constructs. Based on the criteria and the demarcated candidate pool, an IR focused nomological network was defined. The network consists of the constructs of relevance and type and grade of word relatedness. A necessary prerequisite for making inferences based on a nomological network consists of the availability of validated measurement instruments for the constructs. To that cause, two validation studies targeting the measurement of the type and grade of relations between words were conducted. The clarification of the question of the validity of the measurement instruments enabled the application of the nomological network. A first step of the application consisted of testing if the constructs in the network are related to each other. Based on the alignment of measurements of relevance and the word related constructs it was concluded to be true. The relation between the constructs was characterized by varying the word related constructs over a large parameter space and observing the effect of this variation on relevance. Three hypotheses relating to different aspects of the relations between the word related constructs and relevance. It was concluded, that the conclusive confirmation of the hypotheses requires an extension of the experimental means underlying the study. Based on converging observations from the empirical investigation of the three hypotheses it was concluded, that semantic and associative relations distinctly differ with regard to their impact on relevance estimation.
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2

Stanners, Sharon Lisa. "Nonconscious processing of numerical information /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1990. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9022959.

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3

White, Leonard Jack. "Coding and processing numerical information /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1985. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw5855.pdf.

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4

Wachman, Ronald Michael. "IPRAM : information processing requirements analysis methodology." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29174.

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5

Gao, Yun. "Statistical models in neural information processing /." View online version; access limited to Brown University users, 2005. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3174606.

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6

Muller, Lynn F. "Alternative Information Processing Formats for Overcoming Information Processing Deficits in Senior Adults." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2672/.

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Анотація:
The objective of this study was to examine the effectiveness of alternative advertising presentation formats, and the quantity of information presented in advertisements in overcoming possible information-processing deficits in senior adults that could affect their recall of ad attributes and brand name, the cognitive responses generated, and attitude toward the ad. In addition, the study examined the effectiveness of retirement status as a classification or segmentation variable in comparison with the use of the more traditional classification variable, chronological age. A convenience sample of senior adult volunteers from church groups, social clubs, and civic organizations from the local area were randomly assigned to one of nine experimental conditions. The experiment utilized a simulated magazine to test the effects of presentation formats (3 levels), and quantity of information (3 levels) on senior adult's recall, cognitive responses and attitude toward the test ads. Covariates (gender, wealth, education, activity level, health, and income) were used to reduce variance. The findings clearly indicate that the presentation format of the can ad adversely affected the memory of some senior adults. In addition, the results were significantly different across the different age levels. Retirement status was less beneficial than chronological age in the current study, but did reveal a marginally significant difference between seniors due to the number of attributes contained in the test ads. The implication of findings for advertisers and those who design marketing communications for seniors are numerous, and relate to the marketer's communication goals. Senior adults may prefer print media, but the inappropriate use of presentation format and the number of product attributes in the ads could have an adverse and significant impact when communicating with senior adults. Recognition of the information-processing differences of senior adults would result in more effective marketing communications for this rapidly growing and important segment of our society.
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7

McCrimmon, Rory John. "Human information processing during acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22465.

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Анотація:
The research described in this thesis includes studies involving experimentally induced hypoglycaemia, and a clinical study of children with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The effect of acute insulin-induced hypoglycaemia on basic sensory information processing was examined. The principal studies performed were: Study 1 - an examination of the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on visual information processing, and; Study 2 - an examination of the effect of acute hypoglycaemia on auditory information processing. During 60 minutes of exposure to moderate hypoglycaemia significant impairments of both visual and auditory information processing were documented. It was also noted that hypoglycaemia did not significantly impair visual acuity for high contrast visual images but did disrupt ability to distinguish between low contrast visual images. Acute hypoglycaemia effects, in general, a negative mood state. The effect of hypoglycaemia on mood and emotion in human subjects was further explored. Hypoglycaemia was found to induce a small, but significant increase in anger-state that could not be predicted from anger-trait or general anger-expression, measures (Study 3). Hypoglycaemia also induced a negative mood-state characterised by increased tension and decreased happiness, lead to more negative appraisals of a life event, but did not effect a change in personality trait measures (Study 4). In addition, studies of were performed on different aspects of the symptomatic response to hypoglycaemia. These included: the symptoms of hypoglycaemia induced by a human insulin analogue in comparison with human soluble insulin (Study 5); the symptoms of hypoglycaemia induced by different experimental models of hypoglycaemia (Study 6); and the symptoms of hypoglycaemia reported by insulin-dependent diabetic children (Study 7). Insulin-dependent subjects do not show a different symptomatic, physiological or counterregulatory hormone response to hypoglycaemia when it is induced experimentally by either human soluble insulin or the human insulin analogue Lispro-insulin.
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8

Neubauer, Rainer M. "Individual differences in nonconscious information processing and performance of complex tasks /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1990. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9022599.

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9

Michel, Christoph. "Electroencephalographic correlates of human information processing and psychopharmacological influences /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 1988. http://e-collection.ethbib.ethz.ch/show?type=diss&nr=8502.

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10

Butcher, Ronald K. "COMPOSITE DATA FROM CENTRIFUGAL EXPERIMENTATION REGARDING HUMAN INFORMATION PROCESSING." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1182285671.

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11

Lank, Michael. "Nonconscious information processing the development of indirect inferences /." Access abstract and link to full text, 1992. http://0-wwwlib.umi.com.library.utulsa.edu/dissertations/fullcit/9218028.

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12

Howard, Daniel James. "Question effects on information processing in advertising /." The Ohio State University, 1986. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487266011222859.

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13

Pollock, Edwina Jane Education Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Assimilating complex information." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Education, 2000. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/17813.

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Анотація:
Methods of instruction which are intended to facilitate understanding tend to incorporate all of the elements required for understanding in the instructions. Frequently, these types of instructions may overwhelm a learner???s limited working memory and hinder learning. The five experiments reported in this thesis were generated by cognitive load theory. Cognitive load theory is based on the assumption that features of human cognitive architecture have important implications for how we learn and understand. The experiments examined an alternative approach to instructional design which had the goal of promoting schema construction in order to foster understanding. A two phase, isolated-interacting elements learning approach was developed which, in the first phase, artificially reduced the element interactivity of complex material by presenting the material as isolated elements of information that could be processed serially, rather than simultaneously, in working memory. In the second phase of instruction, all the information for understanding was presented. The control group???s instruction was a more conventional approach to promoting understanding where all the information for understanding was presented in both Phase 1 and 2. Although a possible consequence of artificially reducing the element interactivity of material may be an initial decrease in a student???s capacity for understanding, it was hypothesised that over the longer term it would lead to an increase in learners??? understanding. The results reported in this thesis provide powerful evidence that for certain groups of learners, information is better learnt through the isolated-interacting elements instructional method. Evidence is also provided in support of the proposal that schema construction is the mechanism underlying the success of the isolated-interacting elements instructional method. Experiments 1 and 3 demonstrated that when novice students are required to learn complex information, the isolated-interacting elements method of instruction was superior to the control method. In contrast, no evidence was found in Experiments 2 and 4 to suggest a difference between these instructional techniques. These contrasting results can be explained by the different levels of domain knowledge possessed by the participants of each experiment. The results of Experiment 5 were similar to those of Experiments 1 and 3, namely that students performed superiorly if they had studied the isolated elements followed by interacting elements instruction. These results provide significant theoretical support for the claim that expertise is the key factor implicated in the beneficial effects associated with the isolated-interacting elements instructional technique since the participants in Experiment 5 had previously participated in Experiments 2 and 4. The difference in the outcomes of these experiments can be explained by the level of domain specific knowledge the participants of Experiment 5 had in each of the knowledge domains tested by the various experiments.
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14

Thesen, Thomas. "Multisensory processing in the human brain." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e644c5d7-1cf6-42d5-b073-86f1f70a48b6.

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Perception has traditionally been studied as a modular function where different sensory systems operate as separate and independent modules. However, multisensory integration is essential for the perception of a coherent and unified representation of the external world that we experience phenomenologically. Mounting evidence suggests that the senses do not operate in isolation but that the brain processes and integrates information across modalities. A standing debate is at what level in the processing hierarchy the sensory streams converge, for example, if multisensory speech information converges first in higher-order polysensory areas such as STS and is then fed back to sensory areas, or if information is already integrated in primary and secondary sensory areas at the early stages of sensory processing. The studies in this thesis aim to investigate this question by focussing on the spatio-temporal aspects of multisensory processing, as well as investigating phonetic and non-phonetic integration in the human brain during auditory-visual speech perception.
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15

Fonseca, Frederico Torres. "Ontology-Driven Geographic Information Systems." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2001. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/FonsecaFT2001.pdf.

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16

Smitherman, Todd Alan. "Information-processing biases toward interoceptive stimuli in claustrophobia." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Summer/Dissertations/SMITHERMAN_TODD_8.pdf.

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17

Pleydell-Pearce, Christopher. "The fate of ignored information." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306493.

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18

Long, John Allen. "Bimodal information processing in radar signal identification." [Pensacola, Fla.] : University of West Florida, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/WFE0000058.

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19

Beaulac, Robert A. "Information processing as a function of exercise-induced activation." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66204.

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20

Chan, Ka-yiu Daniel, and 陳嘉堯. "The role of information processing biases in psychosis proneness." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/209539.

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Pathology congruent information-processing biases, the tendency for the information processing system to consistently favour materials whose content corresponds to the pathology’s symptoms and concerns, had been found to be implicated in the aetiology and maintenance of multiple clinical disorders, with ample research established in emotional disorders. Relatively, little work had been done on psychosis, in which research to date on biased interpretation mainly focused on interpretation of auditory hallucinations and the associated distress. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the effects of pathology congruent interpretation bias in paranoia on the prediction of psychosis proneness, the subclinical manifestation of psychosis phenotypes. Cross-sectional data on biased information processing and psychosis proneness were collected from 154 individuals recruited in the normal population via cognitive and self-report measures. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were performed and results suggest that negative information processing bias significantly contributes to the prediction of psychosis proneness. There is also evidence that interpretation bias plays a mediating role in the prediction of psychosis proneness only when the direction of bias was congruent to the pathology’s symptoms and concerns. The discerned mediating role of pathology congruent interpretation bias contributes to the understanding of the mechanisms underlying psychosis proneness. Its clinical implications in terms early identification and target for intervention are further discussed.
published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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21

Mori, Shuj. "Dynamic information model of identification performance." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31072.

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This dissertation examined analysis methods and models of sequential dependencies in absolute identification responses. It has been reported that observers' absolute identification responses are strongly affected by previous stimuli and responses, although there is no agreed-upon method of analysis of these sequential dependencies. In this thesis, I used for this purpose multivariate information analysis (Garner, 1962; Garner & McGill, 1956; McGill, 1954), which is an extension of one-input one-output contingent uncertainty (information transmission) to the multivariate case. Multivariate information analysis is preferred to other methods because statistically it is a nonmetric analysis of categorical data, such as those from an absolute identification experiment (Krippendorf, 1986). However, there are some difficulties in its application to empirical data. For example, it is known that information measures are likely to be inflated (or overestimated) when there are a small number of observations per stimulus relative to a large number of variables involved in the calculation (e.g., Houtsma, 1983). Since no previous research had dealt with the inflation problem of multivariate information measures, I ran extensive computer simulations of absolute identification and calculated the multivariate information measures as a function of the number of observations and the number of variables used in the calculation. As expected, the multivariate information measures were inflated for a small number of observations, and they reached their theoretical and/or asymptotic values as larger numbers of observations were used to calculate them. To solve the inflation problem, I used the results of the computer simulations and a method of pooling individual data to estimate the amount of inflation of the information measures and correct them accordingly. Previous studies had suggested that there are three important factors affecting sequential dependencies in absolute identification responses: the amount of stimulus information available to the observers (measured by the amount of information transmission), the number of stimulus/response categories, and giving observers trial-by-trial feedback. To investigate these three factors systematically, I conducted seven absolute identification experiments and analyzed the resulting data by multivariate information analysis with the correction method mentioned above. The results confirmed previous results as follows: (1) The amount of sequential dependencies was inversely related to the amount of information transmission (McGill, 1957; Mori, 1989; Ward & Lockhead, 1971). (2) The amount of sequential dependencies increased with an increasing number of stimulus/response categories (Garner, 1953). (3) The dependency on the previous stimulus was larger when feedback was given than when it was not, and the dependency on the previous response was smaller when feedback was given (Ward & Lockhead, 1971). The results (1) and (2) can be interpreted as an increase of the amount of sequential dependencies with the increasing complexity of making judgments in the task (Garner, 1953). Since the present results were obtained across stimulus modalities (e.g., sound frequency, brightness, visual position), they support the idea that sequential dependencies in absolute identification responses arise mostly from the observer's response processes in the absolute identification task (e.g., Garner, 1953; Ward & Lockhead, 1971). Finally, two general models of absolute identification (Braida & Durlach, 1988; Treisman, 1985) were examined to interpret the pattern of sequential dependencies and other results obtained in this thesis. While some aspects of Braida & Durlach's (1988) model were disconfirmed by the present results (although the model does not make explicit predictions about the type of sequential dependencies obtained in the present study), the present results fit quite well with Treisman's (1985) model, with a few exceptions.
Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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22

Bell, Ian. "Human information processing during sleep: The late auditory evoked potentials." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/21106.

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23

Walker, Stephanie. "Processing information in the human face : evidence from dynamic stimuli." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363606.

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24

Camden, Aerial N. "Theoretical Throughput Capacity: Capabilities of Human Information Processing during Multitasking." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1433192834.

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25

Beers, Tonya M. "Interpretation of discrepant information sources." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28550.

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26

Barton, Alison. "Maintenance of visuospatial information in working memory." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315980.

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27

Emmott, Stephen J. "The visual processing of text." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1837.

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The results of an investigation into the nature of the visual information obtained from pages of text and used in the visual processing of text during reading are reported. An initial investigation into the visual processing of text by applying a computational model of early vision (MIRAGE: Watt & Morgan, 1985; Watt, 1988) to pages of text (Computational Analysis 1) is shown to extract a range of features from a text image in the representation it delivers, which are organised across a range of spatial scales similar to those spanning human vision. The features the model extracts are capable of supporting a structured set of text processing tasks of the type required in reading. From the findings of this analysis, a series of psychophysical and computational studies are reported which exan-dne whether the type of information used in the human visual processing of text can be described by this modelled representation of information in text images. Using a novel technique to measure the 'visibility' of the information in text images, a second stage of investigation (Experiments 1-3) shows that information used to perform different text processing tasks of the type performed in reading is contained at different spatial scales of visual analysis. A second computational analysis of the information in text demonstrates how the spatial scale dependency of these text processing tasks can be accounted for by the model of early vision. In a third stage, two further experiments (Experiments 4-5) show how the pattern of text processing performance is determined by typographical parameters, and a third computational analysis of text demonstrates how changes in the pattern of text processing performance can be modelled by changes in the pattern of information represented by the model of vision. A fourth stage (Experiments 6-7 and Computational Analysis 4) examines the time-course of the visual processing of text. The experiments show how the duration required to reach a level of visual text processing performance varies as a function of typographical parameters, and comparison of these data with the model shows that this is consistent with a time-course of visual analysis based on a coarse-to-fine spatial scale of visual processing. A final experiment (Experiment 8) examines how reading performance varies with typographical parameters. It is shown how the pattern of reading performance and the pattern of visual text processing performance are related, and how the model of early vision might describe the visual processing of text in reading. The implications of these findings for theories of reading and theories of vision are finally discussed.
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28

Lee, Wing-ho Peter. "Information processing deficits and outcome patterns in schizophrenic patients /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12561927.

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29

Maffeo, Vincent P. "The test of two dual processing models." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1789.

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30

Palmer, Jerry K. "Ideals, information accessibility, attention, and context in performance judgments." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28796.

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31

李永浩 and Wing-ho Peter Lee. "Information processing deficits and outcome patterns in schizophrenic patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231858.

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32

Crosland, Marcia Brasher. "Supporting human performance in dynamic process control : an information approach to training and decision aiding." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/30941.

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33

Rayburn-Reeves, Daniel James. "Disambiguating human spoken diary entries using context information." View electronic thesis, 2008. http://dl.uncw.edu/etd/2008-1/rayburn-reevesd/danielrayburn-reeves.pdf.

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34

New, Michael D. "Reserve resources model : increasing problem-solving capacity through controlled processing." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/29889.

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35

Price, Philip Sidney. "Validity of planning, attention, simultaneous, and successive cognitive processing tasks /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487585645577074.

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36

Magezi, David Amooti. "The processing of temporal fine-structure information in the human auditory system." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12785/.

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Анотація:
The auditory nerve conveys fine-grained temporal information that reflects individual cycles of the basilar membrane vibration. The current project is concerned with how this temporal fine-structure information is processed in the human auditory system. Integration of fine-structure temporal information across the ears (binaural processing) plays a crucial role in sound localisation and signal detection in noise. However, in monaural processing, the role of temporal fine-structure information remains uncertain, because spectral information is usually also available. The first study in this project used behavioural methods, along with model simulations, to show that the binaural system exploits phase differences between disparate frequency channels for processing fine-structure interaural temporal differences (ITDs). The second study explored the neural representation of ITDs by using electroencephalography (EEG) to measure the transient brain response to a change in ITD in an otherwise continuous sound. The results suggest that fine-structure ITDs are coded by a non-topographic opponent-channel mechanism, based on the overall activity levels in two broadly tuned hemispheric channels. The third study used rapid event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate the topography of the transient ITD change response measured in the second study. The ITD change response was compared with the transient response to the onset of pitch in an otherwise continuous sound. It was found that the topographies of the transient ITD and pitch responses were very similar to the topographies of the corresponding sustained responses measured in previous epoch-related fMRI studies. The last two studies examined whether temporal fine-structure information is used for frequency coding in monaural processing. The fourth study aimed to eliminate temporal fine-structure cues from the neural representation of low-frequency pure tones by presenting the tones in conditions of binaural unmasking, because a previous study had shown that temporal envelope cues to pitch are inaccessible in such masking conditions. However, frequency discrimination performance for pure tones was found to be similar in monaural and binaural masking conditions. The fifth study suggests that this was because frequency discrimination of low-frequency pure tones relies on spectral rather than temporal cues. In this study, frequency discrimination performance was measured for partially masked pure tones and was found to reflect the level-dependent changes in the shape of the pure-tone excitation pattern.
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37

Chen, Xiuli. "An optimal control approach to testing theories of human information processing constraints." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5907/.

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Анотація:
This thesis is concerned with explaining human control and decision making behaviours in an integrated framework. The framework provides a means of explaining human behaviour in terms of adaptation to the constraints imposed by both the task environment and the information processing mechanisms of the mind. Some previous approaches tended to have been polarised between those that have focused on rational analyses of the task environment, on the one hand, and those that have focused on the mechanisms that give rise to cognition on the other hand. The former usually is based on the assumption that rational human beings adapt to the external environment by achieving 'goals' defined only by the task environment and with minimal consideration of the mechanisms of the human mind; while the latter focuses on information processing mechanisms that are hypothesised to generate behaviour, e.g., heuristics, or rules. In contrast, in the approach explored in this thesis, mechanism and rationality are tightly integrated. This thesis investigates a \(state\) \(estimation\) \(and\) \(optimal\) \(control\) approach, in which human behavioural strategies and heuristics, rather than being programmed into the model, emerge as a consequence of rational adaptation given a theory of the information processing constraints.
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38

Boettcher, Kevin L. "A methodology for the analysis and design of human information processing organizations." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15189.

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Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 1986.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ENGINEERING.
Bibliography: leaves 189-191.
by Kevin L. Boettcher.
Ph.D.
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39

Berdugo, Oviedo Gloria. "Sentence processing strategies by bilinguals." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60031.

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Sentence processing strategies by 10 bilingual speakers (Spanish: L1 and English: L2) were compared to 10 monolingual speakers of Spanish and 10 of English. Word-by-word reading times for ambiguous and non-ambiguous sentences were recorded. A paraphrasing task was used to determine the attachment preferences for a prepositional phrase placed after the verb. Multivariate analyses of the data showed that bilingual speakers combined strategies from both languages when processing ambiguous sentences in L2 that are non-ambiguous in L1. Furthermore, overall results showed that the three groups were sensitive to the attachment of the prepositional phrase. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for theories of sentence processing and of language transfer.
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40

Kogelnik, Andreas Matthias. "Biological information management with application to human genome data." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/15923.

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41

Owen, Robert S. "Consumer mental workload : meaning and measurement." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1262717327.

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42

Miller, Chip E. "Effects of pictures and words as cognitive cues on information processing in print ads /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8770.

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43

Coon, Vicky Elizabeth. "An examination of information preservation in mental arithmetic performance for young and old adults." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28625.

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44

Zhang, Yuxin. "A study of the relationships between evoked potentials, inspection time and intelligence." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24452.

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45

Gold, Brian T. "The human dorsolateral prefrontal cortex a critical neural module in the transformation of information within working memory : evidence from fMRI of deductive reasoning at 4 T /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0027/NQ39266.pdf.

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46

Knutson, James Foster. "Learning facilitation through intercorrelated cues." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28783.

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47

Joseph, Guy-Marie. "The time course of diagnostic information processing : levels of expertise and problem representation." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=66197.

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48

O'Donnell, Ed. "The Effect of Auditor Knowledge on Information Processing during Analytical Review." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1995. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279095/.

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Анотація:
Auditors form judgments by integrating the evidence they gather with information stored in memory (knowledge). As they acquire experience, auditors have the opportunity to learn how different patterns of evidence are associated with particular audit problems. Research in experimental psychology has demonstrated that individuals with task-specific experience can match the cues they encounter with patterns they have learned, and form judgments without consciously analyzing the individual cues. Accounting researchers have suggested that auditors develop judgment templates through task-specific experience, and that these knowledge structures automatically provide decisions in familiar situations. I examined whether auditor knowledge leads to reliance on judgment templates. To test this thesis, I synthesized a theoretical framework and developed research hypotheses that predict relationships between task-specific experience (my surrogate for knowledge) and (1) measures of cognitive effort, (2) accuracy of residual memory traces, and (3) performance with respect to identifying potential problems. To test these predictions, I provided senior auditors with comprehensive case materials for a hypothetical client and asked them to use analytical procedures to identify potential audit problems. Subjects acquired information and documented their findings on personal computers using software that I developed to record their activities.
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49

Drummond, Lyndsey Elizabeth. "Emotion-related information processing biases associated with depression in childhood." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/2657.

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Few studies have examined depression in children from an Information Processing (IP) perspective. In this thesis a number of domains of IP (known to be associated with adult depression)are examined in children and adolescents, in particular, autobiographical memory specificity in both clinical and non-clinical samples. Foremost, overgeneral memory (OGM) was found for the first time, to be characteristic of dysphoric (Study 1) and clinically depressed children (Study 2). Similarity in the extent of the OGM bias in depressed and dysphoric children was observed. OGM was also comparable across child, adolescent and adult depressed groups (Study 2). Second, OGM predicted depressive symptoms in children during a stressful life event, in the first longitudinal diathesis-stress investigation of OGM to date (Study 3). OGM was also linked for the first time to an overgeneral thinking style and to a depressive attributional style (Study 3) thereby offering possible mechanistic insight in OGM. Third, in support of Williams' (1996) developmental origins hypothesis, OGM was also demonstrated in children in residential care who had suffered significant independently verified negative life events (Study 5). OGM in these youth was positively correlated with deficits in social problem solving and facial-affect identification, in part contextualizing OGM in children alongside depresso-typical biases. Performance on the AMT also varied as a function of severity of abuse with more abused children demonstrating less OGM -a recency memorial coping strategy is proposed to account for this effect. Fourth, a new measure of EF was introduced and highlights the importance of encoding preferences in explaining 0GM (Studies I& 5). Finally, considerable attention is paid to the pattern of valence results across studies. It is noted that effects most often lie with biases in the processing of positive information and that future studies may benefit from a concentration on this aspect of depressogenic bias utilizing a developmental perspective. Several key theoretical and practical implications are carefully discussed.
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50

Fan, Zhongwei, and 范忠偉. "Cross-cultural differences in human information processing: an empirical study of Westerners andAsians." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41508865.

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