Дисертації з теми "Human factors"
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1
Blumenberg, Michael A. "Human factors in diving." Thesis, Springfield, Va. : Available from National Technical Information Service, 1996. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA322423.
2
Jones, Francis B. "Human factors in network security." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/38240.
Анотація:
Human factors, such as ethics and education, are important factors in network information security. This thesis determines which human factors have significant influence on network security. Those factors are examined in relation to current security devices and procedures. Methods are introduced to evaluate security effectiveness by incorporating the appropriate human factors into network security controls
3
Bolin, Traci. "Factors that affect human longevity." Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/38266.
Анотація:
Master of ScienceDepartment of Food, Nutrition, Dietetics and Health
Jennifer Hanson
Longevity, and factors that may increase the human lifespan, have been the topic of many research studies attempting to pinpoint direct positive influences. Research demonstrates that among those who live beyond an average life expectancy, approximately 25% of the increased lifespan is related to genetics. The remaining 75% is largely due to environmental factors, mainly diet and lifestyle factors, that have the ability to influence genetic effects for increased longevity. The following types of studies on diet and lifestyle factors for increasing longevity and decreasing the incidence of chronic conditions were reviewed: Prospective cohorts, longitudinal, in vitro, randomized controlled trials, and prospective case-controlled studies. Results related to the Mediterranean Diet were consistent in the conclusion that adherence to this diet increased the lifespan and delayed the development of chronic conditions although calorie restriction demonstrated an increase in longevity, the studies examined failed to correlate this diet to the reduced incidence of disease development. Red meat and alcohol consumption, though both are considered carcinogenic, demonstrated some benefits to the elderly. However, both need to be consumed with caution as they may negatively impact health when consumed outside of moderation. Physical activity demonstrated a consistent benefit to the elderly by increasing longevity and decreasing age-related conditions. Epigenetic research consistently concluded that a diet high in antioxidants and healthy fats both increase telomere length and decrease DNA damage though the exact mechanism remains unknown. Studies on the impact of regular social interactions and time spent on leisure activities in advanced age are consistent in the conclusion that both contribute to health and well-being in this demographic group, but failed to connect to an increase in longevity.
4
Pinto, Wagner Adriani de Souza. "Aplicação da metodologia human factors." Florianópolis, SC, 2001. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/81384.
Анотація:
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia de Produção.Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-19T02:48:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 187166.pdf: 1887960 bytes, checksum: d51daf56b5e22920b5cce2d392db7315 (MD5)
Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo identificar a registrar problemas ergonômicos no ambiente de trabalho, com a finalidade de recomendar ações de melhorias no mesmo. Através da revisão bibliográfica reuniram-se conceitos sobre a pequena empresa e suas características, assim como da própria Ergonomia, buscando-se desenvolver um trabalho prático e de fácil aplicação. Nos aspectos ergonômicos, apresentaram-se itens relevantes relevantes com relação às seguintes situações: armazenagem e movimentação de materiais, utilização segura e eficiente de máquinas e equipamentos, organização do trabalho, postos de trabalho, ambiente de trabalho ( ruído, iluminação e projeto de fábrica ). Embora não se tenha adotado um modelo no desenvolvimento do método, observou-se a experiência apresentada por J. Thurman et al (1992), no trabalho desenvolvido para a Organização Internacional do Trabalho: Maior Produtividade em um Melhor Local de Trabalho. O trabalho foi direcionado às pequenas empresas industriais, por suas características de baixa tecnologia, dificuldades de acesso à informação e disponibilidades de recursos financeiros. Escolheu-se o setor do Mobiliário por suas características com relação à segurança no trabalho e ao perfil profissional encontrado nessas empresas. A aplicação do método ocorreu integralmente pelos colaboradores da empresa, sob acompanhamento e orientação do pesquisador, sendo que uma das mais importantes contribuições do trabalho está na participação quase integral dos funcionários, isto pode ser corroborado pelos resultados alcançados onde ficou evidenciado a característica prática demonstrada pelo método através do número de sugestões de melhorias elencadas pelos trabalhadores.
5
Vargas, Roslyn. "Adoption Factors Impacting Human Resource Analytics Among Human Resource Professionals." NSUWorks, 2015. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/hsbe_etd/5.
Анотація:
In today’s fast paced, ever-changing world, one cannot help hearing the terms Big Data and analytics. The Internet holds vast amounts of data and this data, for example in retail, is being used to predict shopping habits, current needs, trends, and more. Why should this be limited to the retail side of an organization? Today, there is a more significant push for Human Resource (HR) professionals to be strategic business partners, and, therefore, HR professionals need to work on leading, not lagging, in the area of measurements and analytics. Some organizations that have adopted the use of analytics in their HR departments have been extremely successful. If this is the case, why are not more HR professionals adopting the use of human resource analytics (HRA)?
The purpose of this study is to gain insight as to the reasons why more HR professionals are not using HRA to improve organizational performance and to gain and maintain a competitive advantage. An exploration of prior research was performed and resulted in the development of a model representing factors that impact the adoption of HRA. The model was then tested for content validity and reliability using Partial Least Squares of Path Modeling. Results of the study of 302 HR professionals, currently working in the field of HR, suggest the hypotheses testing social influence, tool availability, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and quantitative self-efficacy as factors impacting the adoption of HRA were all significant. Conversely, the factors data availability, fear appeals, and general self-efficacy were not significant. Findings indicate that the factors impacting the adoption of HRA are not only in the hands of the HR professional but, to some extent, the organization as well. If organizations truly want to adopt HRA, they must make available to the HR professionals the tools, data, resources, and support necessary. This study contributes to the literature on individual-level adoption, specifically of HRA. Implications for theory and practice are discussed, as well as further research.
6
Aalipour, Mojgan. "Human Factors Approach for Maintenance Improvement." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Drift, underhåll och akustik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-26458.
Анотація:
The purpose of this research work is to explore and describe human factors affectingmaintenance execution. To achieve the purpose of this study, the influencing factors have been identified using a literature survey. They have been categorized into four main groups namely organizational, workplace, job and individual factors. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is employed on data questionnaires to rank the priority of the factors. The interrelationships between these factors have been recognized by theInterpretive Structural Modelling (ISM) model. In the present case studies, MICMAC1analysis technique is also implemented for identifying the driving, dependent, linkage and autonomous factors. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey involving the participation of 16 and 25 maintenance staff and 10 mining experts in Swedish and Iranian mines, respectively. Within the study, it has been identified that the temperature, work layout, tools design and tools availability are the most important factors in both mines related to these categories. However, the significant factors in the organizational and individual categories are different in the selected mines. The effect of workplace factors on the maintainability of mining equipment is discussed and thereafter a methodology for maintainability management in the design and operation phases is developed. In the thirdcase study HEART2 is applied to estimate the probability of human error occurring duringmaintenance execution in an Iranian cable company. This research supports maintenance management to gain knowledge of human factors that affect maintenance execution. Further, this understanding could be useful in the development of strategies to improve the execution of maintenance.Keywords: Human Factors, Maintenance Management, Human Reliability, HumanPerformance, AHP, ISM, MICMAC, HEARTGodkänd; 2015; 20150521 (mojaal); Nedanstående person kommer att hålla licentiatseminarium för avläggande av teknologie licentiatexamen. Namn: Mojgan Aalipour Ämne: Drift och underhållsteknik/Operation and Maintenance Engineering Uppsats: Human Factors Approach for Maintenance Improvement Examinator: Professor Uday Kumar Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser Avdelning Drift, underhåll och akustik Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Professor Jayantha P. Liyanage University of Stavanger, CIAM Faculty of Science and Technology Stavanger, Norge Tid: Måndag 15 juni 2015 kl 10.00 Plats: F1031, Luleå tekniska universitet
7
Welbourne, Lauren Elizabeth. "Peripheral factors affecting human colour perception." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/14319/.
Анотація:
Human colour perception is mediated by multiple factors. These include: the external environment, physiological structures within the eye, and the neuronal pathways that originate in the eye. The aim of this thesis was to further investigate the impact of three main factors on both the perception and cortical representation of colour. These factors were: the external, changing seasonal environment, genetically determined differences in the number of photoreceptor types, and spatial filters inherent to cortical and pre-cortical luminance and chromatic pathways. Novel findings and methods were demonstrated in this thesis: 1) For the first time, it was found that natural seasonal changes in the chromatic environment (in York, UK) affect the perception of unique yellow; this finding supports the existence of a slow normalisation mechanism, which is governed by changes in the average chromatic environment. 2) Genetically atypical individuals, who have fewer photoreceptor types (dichromats), demonstrated no differences in achromatic contrast discrimination thresholds compared to colour-normal trichromats. Therefore, for this particular measure, dichromats do not appear to benefit from increased neuronal resources from ‘unused’ chromatic pathway populations. A multi-channel LED system was developed to allow the isolation of photoreceptor responses in individuals with an additional photoreceptor type (tetrachromats). Modelling of this system indicated that precision in the cone spectra used to generate the stimulus, relative to the observer’s actual cone sensitivities (i.e. peak wavelength sensitivities), is crucial for successful isolation of the cones. 3) fMRI-based population receptive field (pRF) mapping was used to measure pRF sizes in the pre-cortical channels. Between the pathways, no differences in pRF sizes were found, however, differences in fMRI measures of spatial frequency sensitivity were observed. These data indicate that spatial frequency tuning in early visual cortex may be decoupled from population receptive field sizes.
8
Rainham, Daniel Gareth Charles. "Atmospheric risk factors of human mortality." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ59869.pdf.
9
Corper, Adam Louis. "Structural studies of human rheumatoid factors." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252035.
10
Stevenson, Darren Paul. "Angiogenic factors in human ovarian cancer." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285808.
11
Zhang, Echo Ge. "Angiogenic growth factors in human placentation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621333.
12
Hartswood, Mark. "Human factors in computer-aided mammography." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/10939.
Анотація:
Breast screening requires film readers to exercise considerable expertise when examining breast X-rays (or 'mammograms') for signs of malignancy. Understandably; errors are sometimes made, and the screening programme is continually investigating ways to improve detection performance. In recent years, interest has grown in using computer based prompting systems to assist with reading. Prompting systems use image analysis techniques to identify possible cancers within a digitised mammogram and cue film readers to their location with the aim of preventing cancers from being overlooked. A qualitative analysis of clinic work practices show reading to be a situated activity with important collaborative dimensions. Tensions were found to exist between making decision-making visible (hence rendering it accountable and providing a reference by which performance can be monitored) and the possibility of being biased by exposure to the decision processes of others. It is argued that use of PROMAM offers a similar mix of advantages and pitfalls, and that lessons can be learned for prompting from how these tensions are managed for conventional forms of evidence. In subsequent investigations of prompting it was found that readers' interpretation and use of PROMAM were often problematic. Readers often had difficulties understanding prompts, and used them in ways contingent on the particular problem at hand rather than purely to aid detection. It is argued that effective prompting is not only a problem of achieving sufficient system performance, but also one of ensuring prompts are comprehensible, accountable, and appropriately used. Achieving the latter requires an understanding of how readers make sense of prompts in the context of their conventional reading practice.
13
Gray, Richard William. "Hedonic factors in human food choice." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.388937.
14
Abbas, Yassen Raad. "Physical factors regulating human trophoblast invasion." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/278699.
Анотація:
Pre-eclampsia, fetal growth restriction and stillbirth are major pregnancy disorders throughout the world. The underlying pathogenesis of these diseases is defective placentation characterised by inadequate invasion of extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells into the uterine decidua. This invasion is necessary to transform the uterine arteries, ensuring an adequate maternal blood supply into the intervillous space for normal fetal growth and development. The mechanisms that regulate trophoblast invasion remains poorly understood, but it is known to be influenced by a number of factors in the uterine environment. These include interactions with maternal immune cells as well as cytokines and the products from the uterine glands. In this thesis, physical factors, specifically, tissue stiffness and oxygen are studied as regulators of trophoblast invasion. The mechanical environment is known to regulate cell fate and the migratory behaviour of cells. Despite invasion of EVT cells through decidual tissue rich in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, there has been no study investigating how tissue stiffness might regulate EVT invasion. Oxygen has also long been investigated as a regulator for trophoblast invasion, but evidence is conflicting on whether low oxygen promotes or inhibits invasion. This is in part because of the wide variation in methods used and the over-reliance on trophoblast cell lines. To examine the effects of tissue stiffness and oxygen tension, a robust in vitro method to examine the motility and migration of primary EVT cells in three-dimensions (3D) was first established. This system offers significant benefits compared with two-dimensional (2D) systems used previously. Importantly, only cells expressing the HLAG antigen, a marker for the extravillous phenotype are analysed. The stiffness of decidual tissues at the maternal-fetal interface was determined using atomic force microscopy. In patient matched samples, a 3-4 fold increase in stiffness was found where the placenta implants into the decidua, compared to where there is no implantation. Migration of single EVT cells under different matrix stiffness and oxygen concentrations in 3D were investigated. To determine whether EVT migration is directed, a microfluidic system was established, which models the oxygen gradient at the maternal-fetal interface in the first trimester of pregnancy. This system is simple and economical to setup, and permits analysis of the migration dynamics of trophoblast cells in 3D and in real-time under different oxygen concentrations. In conclusion, the change in stiffness at the site of implantation, is further evidence of the dramatic change that occurs in the uterine wall during pregnancy. A microfluidic system to study whether primary EVT cell invasion is directed under oxygen gradients was developed.
15
Moreton, Maj-Britt Margareta. "Human factors on the ship's bridge." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2000. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/5070/.
16
Stanton, Neville Anthony. "The human factors aspects of alarms in human supervisory control tasks." Thesis, Aston University, 1992. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/10865/.
Анотація:
This research thesis is concerned with the human factors aspects of industrial alarm systems within human supervisory control tasks. Typically such systems are located in central control rooms, and the information may be presented via visual display units. The thesis develops a human, rather than engineering, centred approach to the assessment, measurement and analysis of the situation. A human factors methodology was employed to investigate the human requirements through: interviews, questionnaires, observation and controlled experiments. Based on the analysis of current industrial alarm systems in a variety of domains (power generation, manufacturing and coronary care), it is suggested that often designers do not pay due considerations to the human requirements. It is suggested that most alarm systems have severe shortcomings in human factors terms. The interviews, questionnaire and observations led to the proposal of 'alarm initiated activities' as a framework for the research to proceed. The framework comprises of six main stages: observe, accept, analyse, investigate, correct and monitor. This framework served as a basis for laboratory research into alarm media. Under consideration were speech-based alarm displays and visual alarm displays. Non-speech auditory displays were the subject of a literature review. The findings suggest that care needs to be taken when selecting the alarm media. Ideally it should be chosen to support the task requirements of the operator, rather than being arbitrarily assigned. It was also indicated that there may be some interference between the alarm initiated activities and the alarm media, i.e. information that supports one particular stage of alarm handling may interfere with another.
17
Hamad, A.-W. R. "Factors affecting nitrogen retention in lambs." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371514.
18
Philippart, Monica. "IMPROVING BUSINESS PERFORMANCE THROUGH THE INTEGRATION OF HUMAN FACTORS ENGINEERING INTO ORGANIZATIONS USING A SYSTEMS ENGINEERI." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3257.
Анотація:
Most organizations today understand the valuable contribution employees as people (rather than simply bodies) provide to their overall performance. Although efforts are made to make the most of the human in organizations, there is still much room for improvement. Focus in the reduction of employee injuries such as cumulative trauma disorders rose in the 80 s. Attempts at increasing performance by addressing employee satisfaction through various methods have also been ongoing for several years now. Knowledge Management is one of the most recent attempts at controlling and making the best use of employees knowledge. All of these efforts and more towards that same goal of making the most of people s performance at work are encompassed within the domain of the Human Factors Engineering/Ergonomics field. HFE/E provides still untapped potential for organizational performance as the human and its optimal performance are the reason for this discipline s being. Although Human Factors programs have been generated and implemented, there is still the need for a method to help organizations fully integrate this discipline into the enterprise as a whole. The purpose of this research is to develop a method to help organizations integrate HFE/E into it business processes. This research begun with a review of the ways in which the HFE/E discipline is currently used by organizations. The need and desire to integrate HFE/E into organizations was identified, and a method to accomplish this integration was conceptualized. This method consisted on the generation of two domain-specific ontologies (a Human Factors Engineering/Ergonomics ontology, and a Business ontology), and mapping the two creating a concept map that can be used to integrate HFE/E into businesses. The HFE/E ontology was built by generating two concept maps that were merged and then joined with a HFE/E discipline taxonomy. A total of four concept maps, two ontologies and a taxonomy were created, all of which are contributions to the HFE/E, and the business- and management-related fields.Ph.D.
Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
Engineering and Computer Science
Industrial Engineering PhD
19
Tuchscheerer, Sven. "Human Factors in Automotive Crime and Security." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz, 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:ch1-qucosa-70586.
Анотація:
Als vor 120 Jahren, am 5. August 1888, Bertha Benz eine 106 Kilometer lange Fahrt mit dem Prototypenfahrzeug ihres Mannes Carl Benz unternahm legte sie den Grundstein für die erste Überlandfahrt mit einem Benzinautomobil überhaupt. Damit trug sie wesentlich zum Abbau von Vorurteilen in der Gesellschaft gegenüber Benzinfahrzeugen bei und verhalf der Firma ihres Mannes zum Erfolg. Gleichzeitig beging sie auch den ersten dokumentierten Fahrzeugdiebstahl, da die Nutzung ohne das Wissen ihres Mannes erfolgte. Strafrechtliche Sanktionen musste Frau Benz nicht fürchten, schließlich war dieser Fall durchaus von Vorteil für die Vermarktung. Das erkannte auch Herr Benz und verzichtete auf eine Anzeige.
Am 23.12.2008 wurde ein PKW Toyota Landcruiser gegen 01:20 Uhr an der Landstrasse L46 zwischen Herforst und Rothaus gefunden. Der Täter, welcher das Fahrzeug am 17.12.2008 bei einem Bauunternehmer stahl, stellte es – vermutlich auf Grund von Treibstoffmangel – dort ab. Ihm drohen bis zu drei Jahren Haft und / oder eine Geldstrafe.
Am 24.02.2008 schrieb eine Benutzerin namens Kitty in einem Internetforum zum Thema Erfahrungen mit Autodiebstahl: „…mir hat man nur bei meinem jetzigen Fahrzeug schon die Nummernschilder geklaut, was mich dann 80 Euro gekostet hat.“ ("AW: Auto geklaut", 2008).
Diese drei Beispiele repräsentieren ansatzweise, wie vielfältig die Fälle sind, welche gemeinhin unter dem Begriff Fahrzeugkriminalität gefasst werden. Sie unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich der Motive der Täter, dem Besitzer zugefügten Schaden oder den strafrechtlichen Konsequenzen. Zusätzlich zu dieser Vielfalt ist die Fahrzeugkriminalität dem Einfluss der Zeit unterworfen, in Bezug auf die Anzahl im Verkehr befindlicher Fahrzeuge, deren Nutzung, deren Diebstahlschutzvorrichtung oder Vorgehen der Täter. Somit ist das Konstrukt Fahrzeugkriminalität durch einen hohen Komplexitätsgrad gekennzeichnet.
Aus dieser Komplexität heraus begründet sich das fundamentale Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, eine detaillierte und systematische Beschreibung von Fahrzeugkriminalität zu geben. Darauf aufbauend werden Ursachen- und Wirkungszusammenhänge identifiziert, beschrieben und in einem numerischen Relativ abgebildet. Dabei wird ein ganzheitlicher Ansatz verfolgt, in Abgrenzung zu bisherigen wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten, welche einen Erkenntnisgewinn zur Beschreibung, Erklärung und Vorhersage von Fahrzeugkriminalität für einen mehr oder weniger eng umschriebenen Teilaspekt leisten. In diesem Ansatz werden gezielt psychologische Aspekte in den Fokus gestellt und mit gesellschaftlichen, technischen, legislativen, judikativen und exekutiven Rahmenfaktoren in Beziehung gesetzt. Damit kann der Arbeit ein wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisgewinn im Sinne einer ganzheitlichen Analyse beigemessen werden, in den Ansätze zur Beschreibung und Erklärung separater Aspekte integriert und bewertet werden können.
Eine – damit eng verknüpfte – Voraussetzung ist die Entwicklung und Evaluation von Untersuchungsmethoden um die relevanten Aspekte in den beteiligten Personengruppen so detailliert und umfassend wie zur Erklärung nötig sowie so ökonomisch wie möglich zu erfassen.
Im Zentrum der Betrachtung steht die Interaktion zwischen den beiden hauptsächlich beteiligten Personengruppen: Fahrzeugbesitzer und Täter. Betrachtete Aspekte in diesen Gruppen sind neben Motiven, Risiko- und Gewinneinschätzungen auch Faktoren wie finanzieller Konnex oder Ausstattung mit Sicherheitstechnik, bzw. Werkzeug zu dessen Überwindung, Furcht vor Fahrzeugkriminalität oder finanzielle und zeitliche Schäden durch Fahrzeugkriminalität.
20
Widiputri, Diah Indriani. "Incorporating human factors into process plant lifecycle." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-74469.
Анотація:
Major accidents in the process industries occurred mostly as an outcome of multiple failures in different safety barriers and their interrelation with unsafe acts by frontline operators. This has become the reason why safety analyses in terms of plant technical aspects cannot be performed independently from analysing human response to the changing technology. Unsafe acts and errors by operators must be seen as a symptom of system insufficiencies and underlying problems, rather than as the cause of an accident. With this paradigm, the need to optimally configure the system and the whole working condition to understand human’s limitation and requirements becomes very evident. It is too naive to desire that human operators make zero error by asking them to change their behaviour and to perfectly adapt to the system. Human Factors (HF) attempts to cope with the need to understand the interrelation between human operators, the technology they are working with and the management system, with the aim to increase safety and efficiency. In achieving this goal, HF must be incorporated into the whole plant lifecycle, from the earliest design stage to plant operation and modifications. Moreover, HF analysis must comprise all kinds of operators’ activities and responsibilities in operating process plants, which can include manual works in field and supervisory control conducted remotely from a control centre/room. This work has developed techniques that provide systematic way to incorporate HF into process plant lifecycle. The new HF analysis technique, PITOPA-Design, in a combination with the classic PITOPA, is applicable for an implementation during design and operation of a plant. With the awareness that safety analysis and HF cannot be performed separately, an interconnection with HAZOPs is made possible by means of this new technique. Moreover, to provide a systematic analysis of operators’ work in control room, an additional technique, the PITOPA-CR was also developed. This HF technique can as well be integrated into a general HF analysis both during design phase and plant operation. In addition to it, results coming from PITOPA-CR will provide information required to optimally configure control and alarm system, as well as the whole alarm management system to better understand the limitation and requirements of control room operators. The structure of the development can be described as follows: i) Development of HAZOPA (the Hazards and Operator Actions Analysis), which provides the interconnection between HF analysis and HAZOPs, ii) Development of PITOPA-Design, a technique to incorporate HF consideration into design phase, which is differentiated into 3 stages to comprise the conceptual design, the basic engineering and the detail engineering phase, iii) Development of PITOPA-CR, a technique for HF analysis in control room, iv) Integration of PITOPA-CR into alarm management system, development of a technique for alarm prioritizationSchwere Unfälle in der Prozessindustrie erfolgen meist aus einem Zusammenspiel mehrerer verschiedener Fehler und der gleichzeitigen Wechselwirkung mit falschem menschlichem Handeln. Dabei sind diese Fehlhandlungen nicht als Unfallursache anzusehen, sondern sie resultieren aus Fehlern, die in dem System selbst zu finden sind. Aus diesem Grund kann bei der Sicherheitsanalyse die technische Analyse nicht unabhängig von der Betrachtung des Human Factors (HF) durchgeführt werden. Um eine Reduzierung der Fehlhandlungen zu erreichen, müssen das Anlagendesign, die Bedienbarkeit und die Arbeitsumgebung an die menschlichen Fähigkeiten angepasst werden. Human Factors (HF) betrachtet die Interaktion zwischen menschlichen, technischen und organisatorischen Aspekten einer Anlage, mit dem Ziel die Sicherheit und Effektivität der Anlage zu optimieren. Dafür ist eine Einbindung von HF in den gesamten Lebenszyklus einer Anlage notwendig. So müssen HF- Analysen nicht nur während des Betriebs einer Anlage und bei Prozessmodifikationen durchgeführt werden, sondern auch während des gesamten Design- Prozesses, da gerade in den frühen Design-Phasen das Optimierungspotential besonders hoch ist. Eine solche Analysemethode muss alle Aufgaben eines Operators erfassen, so dass zwischen manueller Arbeit und der Arbeit in der Leitwarte unterschieden werden muss. In dieser Arbeit wurden Analysentechniken entwickelt, die einen systematischen Ansatz zur Berücksichtigung des HF über den gesamten Lebenszyklus einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage darstellen. Mit Hilfe der neuen Analysemethode, PITOPA-Design, können Untersuchungen sowohl während der Designphase als auch während des Betriebs einer Anlage durchgeführt werden. Da solche HF-Analyse immer in Verbindung mit einer klassischen Sicherheitsanalyse erfolgen muss, bindet die neue Methode die HAZOP-Analyse direkt ein. Darüber hinaus wurde ein weiterer Ansatz für die Analyse von Operatorhandlungen in einer Messwartenarbeit entwickelt. Diese neue Analysentechnik, PITOPA-CR, bildet die Grundlage für Verbesserungen im Alarmsystem und wird in das Alarmmanagementsystem eingebunden. Die Arbeit ist wie folgt strukturiert: i) Entwicklung von HAZOPA (the Hazards and Operator Actions Analysis). Diese Methode stellt die Einbindung der HF-Analyse in HAZOP dar. ii) Entwicklung von PITOPA-Design, zur HF-Analyse während des gesamten Designprozesses einer verfahrenstechnischen Anlage. Die Methode wurde in 3 Teile eingeteilt, um die drei Designsphasen Conceptual-, Basic-, und Detail-Design zu erfassen. iii) Entwicklung von PITOPA-CR, zur HF-Analyse in der Messwarte. iv) Einbindung von PITOPA-CR in das Alarmmanagementsystem und Entwicklung einer Technik zur Alarmpriorisierung
21
Gunes, Cigdem. "Human Factors Issues Of Glass Cockpit Automation." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12611791/index.pdf.
Анотація:
With the advances in technology, clutter of mechanical indicators in the aircraft cockpit is replaced with digital displays. This revolution does not make only visual changes, but also changes the use of the cockpit design. Cockpit automation has changed cockpit design philosophy with many promised benefits such as improvements in the precision, improved system safety, efficiency of operations, less workload etc. However, to achieve perfect design has not been fulfilled yet. Despite providing innovation and easiness, cockpit automation brings about some &ldquoHuman Factors&rdquo
problems because of lack of support of human-machine interaction and cooperation. In this study, advantages and disadvantages of the cockpit automation will be discussed according to a survey that is conducted to pilots who fly with automated cockpits in Turkey about how automation affects them. The main purpose of this study is to contribute to the modifications of current cockpit systems and development of new design philosophy for advanced flight decks by gathering data from pilots'
attitudes on cockpit automation philosophy.
22
Hartley, Paul Steven. "Factors affecting the viability of human platelets." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/24685.
Анотація:
Human platelets die in vitro in a caspase-independent manner with features of necrosis. Little is known about the factors affecting the mode of platelet death nor how death is brought about. This thesis aimed to generate novel tools for the discrimination of live from dead platelets and to evaluate the role of autophagy, temperature and sugar metabolism in the demise of platelets in vitro. Three dyes, 10-nonyl acridine orange, calcein and FM 4-64 were found to be useful for the evaluation of platelet viability. It was found that during in vitro storage dead platelets formed metalloproteinase-dependent aggregates and shed CD42b. Platelets died more slowly at ambient temperature than at 37°C and appeared to arrest in death when kept at 4°C. Cold-stored platelets remained viable for ten days but whereupon transfer to 37°C they died rapidly. Platelets did not rely on exogenous glucose for viability but hypoglycaemia sensitised them to pro-apoptotic stimuli. Inhibitors of glycogen breakdown were toxic to platelets, implicating glycogen in the maintenance of platelet viability in vitro. Autophagy could not be implicated in the loss of platelet viability but data suggested a role for crinophagy in the maintenance of platelet function.
23
Dang, Yushe. "Investigation of immunoregulatory factors from human decidua." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1996. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/843370/.
Анотація:
During normal pregnancy, the fetus is not rejected by the maternal immune system despite bearing paternal MHC antigen. It has been proposed that this is due to the local production of immunoregulatory factors by the maternal decidua. This study was designed to investigate immunosuppressive factors derived from early human decidua. In the first part of the study, assays were standardised in order to monitor the immunoregulatory activity of factors derived from human decidua. These included mitogen induced lymphocyte proliferation, mixed lymphocyte culture, and the proliferation of human monocytic and T lymphoid cell lines. Using these assays, two fractions from the FPLC separation of the 10-100 KDa crude decidual supernatant with immunosuppressive activity have been identified and partially characterised. One contained molecules of 183 KDa under non-reducing SDS-PAGE analysis, and 70 and 29 KDa under reducing conditions (large molecular weight fraction; LMWF). Another had molecules of 7-14 KDa under non-reducing conditions (small molecular weight fraction; SMWF). Both of them inhibited mitogen-induced lymphoproliferation and the mixed lymphocyte reaction. In addition they inhibited the growth of a monocytic cell line (Mono Mac 6), but not that of a T lymphoblastic cell line (Jurkat E6.1). The suppression of cellular growth by the LMWF, but not the SMWF, was due to the arrest of the cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Neither fraction affected the expression of MHC class II on Mono Mac 6 cells. The decidua-derived suppressive factors showed some similarity to human transforming growth factor type beta (hTGFbeta), but their activity could not be eliminated by neutralising antibodies to hTGFbeta1 and (32. In contrast to the decidua factors, hTGFbeta1 was able to significantly suppress the expression of MHC class II molecules. In addition, acidification of LMWF decreased their suppressive activity, whereas others have shown that similar treatment of TGFbeta isolated from decidua enhanced its activity. Although some similarity to human decidua-associated protein hDP200 could be demonstrated with LMWF, lgG-like molecules could not be demonstrated in the latter. A low molecular weight protein with immunosuppressive activity-PP14- has been demonstrated in human decidua. Despite similarity, the SMWF clearly showed a distinct M.w distribution pattern to PP14 when analysed by Western blot. This suggests that SMWF was not PP14. In the final part of the study, the supernatants of decidual mononuclear cell cultures (non-fractionated or fractionated) were used to investigate the cells which may produce the factors. The preliminary results suggest that non-leukocytic decidua cells are unlikely to be responsible for the activity. Either T lymphocytes or NK cells are the more likely source, as the suppressive activity was largely increased in populations enriched for these cells, and concanavalin A enhanced their suppressive activity. However, the precise cellular source of these factors needs to be elucidated further.
24
Abrams, David. "Human factors of personal Web information spaces." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ51586.pdf.
25
Bourges-Waldegg, Paula. "Handling cultural factors in human-computer interaction." Thesis, University of Derby, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10545/310928.
Анотація:
The main objective of the research described in this thesis was to investigate and understand the origins of culturally-determined usability problems in the context of Human Computer Interaction (HCI) to develop a method for treating this issue, when designing systems intended to be shared by culturally-heterogeneous user groups, such as Computer Supported Co-operative Work (CSCW) systems and the Internet. The resulting approach supports HCI designers by providing an alternative to internationalisation and localisation guidelines, which are inappropriate for tackling culturally-determined usability problems in the context of shared-systems. The research also sought to apply and test the developed approach in order to assess its efficacy and to modify or improve it accordingly.
26
Galvin, Lawrence Francis. "Human factors engineering in sonar visual displays." Thesis, Springfield, Virginia: Available from National Technical Information Service, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/28265.
27
Thompson, Victor F. "Human and social factors affecting technology transfer." Thesis, University of Bath, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332602.
28
Middleton, Benita. "Investigations of factors influencing human circadian rhythms." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265103.
29
Dadashi, Nastaran. "Human factors of future rail intelligent infrastructure." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13157/.
Анотація:
The introduction of highly reliable sensors and remote condition monitoring equipment will change the form and functionality of maintenance and engineering systems within many infrastructure sectors. Process, transport and infrastructure companies are increasingly looking to intelligent infrastructure to increase reliability and decrease costs in the future, but such systems will present many new (and some old) human factor challenges. As the first substantial piece of human factors work examining future railway intelligent infrastructure, this thesis has an overall goal to establish a human factors knowledge base regarding intelligent infrastructure systems, as used in tomorrow’s railway but also in many other sectors and industries. An in-depth interview study with senior railway specialists involved with intelligent infrastructure allowed the development and verification of a framework which explains the functions, activities and data processing stages involved. The framework includes a consideration of future roles and activities involved with intelligent infrastructure, their sequence and the most relevant human factor issues associated with them, especially the provision of the right information in the right quantity and form to the right people. In a substantial fieldwork study, a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was employed to facilitate an understanding of alarm handling and fault finding in railway electrical control and maintenance control domains. These functions had been previously determined to be of immediate relevance to work systems in the future intelligent infrastructure. Participants in these studies were real railway operators as it was important to capture users’ cognition in their work settings. Methods used included direct observation, debriefs and retrospective protocols and knowledge elicitation. Analyses of alarm handling and fault finding within real-life work settings facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the use of artefacts, alarm and fault initiated activities, along with sources of difficulty and coping strategies in these complex work settings. The main source of difficulty was found to be information deficiency (excessive or insufficient information). Each role requires different levels and amounts of information, a key to good design of future intelligent infrastructure. The findings from the field studies led to hypotheses about the impact of presenting various levels of information on the performance of operators for different stages of alarm handling. A laboratory study subsequently confirmed these hypotheses. The research findings have led to the development of guidance for developers and the rail industry to create a more effective railway intelligent infrastructure system and have also enhanced human factors understanding of alarm handling activities in electrical control.
30
Calzetta, Luigino. "Factors influencing the responsiveness of human bronchi." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/factors-influencing-the-responsiveness-of-human-bronchi(d5f898eb-1800-478a-8588-561acbabb102).html.
Анотація:
The primary function of airway smooth muscle is to contract, regulating the airway tone and bronchial narrowing. Research extending over a number of decades has identified many of the major factors contributing to the degree of bronchial contraction at a cellular level including receptor mediated activation of airway smooth muscle by agonists, electrical and other membrane events, intracellular cascades and assembly of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins. Furthermore, airways function is also regulated by a number of key airway, lung and teleological events that collectively determine the bronchial tone. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to investigate a number of factors influencing directly and indirectly the responsiveness of human bronchi. The tone of human bronchi was studied in isolated organ bath systems in both normal tissues and passively sensitized bronchi, a model that mimics some aspects of the airway wall of patients with allergic airways disease, since it is very difficult to obtain bronchi from such people. Furthermore, immunohistochemistry and PCR were carried out in bronchial tissues whilst immunoenzymatic assays were performed in cultured bronchial smooth muscle cells. A range of studies were carried out in order to investigate factors influencing bronchial responsiveness, including the pharmacological characterization of adenosine receptors, the effects of brain natriuretic peptide, the influence of lipopolysaccharide, the role of hyperglycemia, the activity of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptors and the influence of phosphodiesterase 3/4 enzymes and their interaction with both sympathetic (β2 mediated) and parasympathetic pathways. This study provides evidence for the role of adenosine AI receptor in causing human airway smooth muscle contraction, both directly, and indirectly following the activation of capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves, and the release of leukotrienes. Evidence is also provided for the relaxant effect of brain natriuretic peptide mainly regulated by the autocrine activity of epithelial cells. Furthermore, the contribution of neutral endopeptidases, capsaicin-sensitive sensory nerves, the mevalonate pathway and the protective influence of statins against lipopolysaccharide induced airway hyperresponsiveness has been demonstrated. Other results have shown that high glucose concentrations leads to an enhanced responsiveness of human airway smooth muscle, and that the Rho/ROCK pathway may play a crucial role for reducing lung function in hyperglycemic conditions. Finally, findings concerning the bronchial relaxation mediated by the selective activation of vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor 2 and the synergism of phosphodiesterase 3/4 inhibitors in association with antimuscarinics and β2-agonist drugs suggest new paradigms for treating obstructive lung diseases. Results presented in this thesis provide strong evidence of several novel pharmacological approaches to influence human airway smooth muscle tone.
31
Zhang, Xiaohui. "Exploring human factors in context aware services." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 2013. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/20596/.
Анотація:
As microchip and sensing technologies have developed, more and more context aware applications have been introduced to our daily lives. Many of the applications have been proposed to improve the quality of life, and furthermore, to engage the end users with a richer or augmented environment. However, although many researchers bring innovative ideas to the field of context aware computing, there is still a lack of human factors research in many projects, which could reduce the envisaged user acceptance and adoption. This research takes a human-centred perspective, which mainly aims to explore the human factors and their relationships involved in context aware activities. Both deductive and inductive methods were used to achieve this aim. More specifically, qualitative methods like focus groups and interviews were used to identify the human factors in context aware activity. Quantitative methods like survey and empirical experiment were used to examine the relationships between the identified factors. The results of this research provided empirical evidence of the effects of different motivations on user's preference and behaviour in context aware adaptation. This influence was observed during the empirical experiment. A conceptual framework for the human factors involved in context aware activities was proposed and developed based on literature review and the results from the empirical studies, which consists of four sub-domains relating user's motivation, perception, preference and subjective experience. In addition, the results also show the capability of the empirical method used for this research. The revised method was further reviewed by digital designers from local companies. The method is presented to help designers to identify and evaluate the human factors involved in context aware activities, and therefore to materialize their good ideas to real pleasant part of our lives.
32
Waldron, Julie A. "Human behaviour outdoors and the environmental factors." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2018. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/52112/.
Анотація:
The study of human behaviour outdoors has been an area of interest examined from different perspectives. Even so, the study of human behaviour in outdoor public spaces still requires further input from the perspective of human factors. This thesis presents a literature review of behaviour in public spaces where the author evaluated the attendance to public squares, the activities performed by users, the time of permanence, the sitting preferences of users and people’s characteristics among other behaviours. Previous studies have reported a relationship between thermal comfort and human behaviour; however, there is a lack of studies approaching the study of human behaviour using observational methods which allows assessing human behaviours such as number of people, number of groups, time of permanence among others, taking into account environmental factors such as: air temperature, globe temperature, mean radiant temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, sun and shadow presence and illuminance. As part of this research, three studies were conducted in the city centre of Nottingham during summer and autumn of 2015 and winter of 2016 in order to collect data of human behaviour and find its relationship with the air and globe temperature, calculated mean radiant temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and illuminance. These studies were conducted using observational methods by creating a coding scheme after conducting video analysis of social and individual behaviours. A methodology was created to incorporate processes that allow gathering data for observational analysis, which was subsequently processed using multiple regression models and survival analyses. The overall analysis led to the identification of the main environmental factors influencing human behaviour across different environmental conditions. The studies and analyses conducted showed that various environmental factors work together to influence the decisions of the users of a public space. Accordingly, the models used to predict human behaviour should include the environmental variables that explain better its variability, based on the environmental data of the place. Moreover, this study showed that individual analysis should be performed on a seasonal basis using the environmental and human behaviour data of each season in addition to the analysis performed to the whole data set. The reason for this is that the seasonal data is better at explaining some human behaviours than the model built with the whole data set collected in various seasons. For instance, the relationship between wind speed and number of people is positive during summer and negative during autumn and winter; however, when the three seasons are analysed together, the relationship is negative, which does not explain accurately the phenomena in summer. Conversely, illuminance was found to be an important factor influencing behaviour across the seasons and also contributed to the prediction of behaviour in the all season’s analysis. Finally, this thesis presents an application of the results by presenting general recommendations of urban design based on the findings of analysing human behaviour in accordance with the thermal environment. The studies conducted during the three seasons presented a cross-internal validation of the multiple regression models. In addition, a final study which consisted of a mock scenario was conducted to perform an external validation of the previous results. A number of conclusions were drawn about the conditions required to perform further external validations, following the parameters identified that may affect the results of the validation.
33
Mokone, Gaonyadiwe George. "Risk factors for Achilles tendon injuries : an emphasis on the identification of specific genetic factors." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3270.
Анотація:
Includes bibliographical references.This main purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate whether any specific genes on the tip of the long arm of chromosome 9 were associated with Achilles tendon injuries, using a case-control study design. The specific objectives were: (i) to identify all genes located in the 9q32-q34.3 locus in close proximity to the ABO gene, that could be involved in tendon injuries (Chapter 2) and (ii) to investigate the possible association of the identified candidate genes (COL5A1 and TNC with both Achilles tendon rupture and chronic Achilles tendinopathy (Chapter 3 and 4) and (iii) finally to investigate the possible interaction of these two genes with tendon function, namely the muscle-tendon unit flexibility (chapter 5) and structure, namely the morphological changes of the Achilles tendon (Chapter 6).
34
Greberg, Maria Hellqvist. "Cloning and characterization of FREACs, human forkhead transcription factors." Göteborg : Dept. of Cell and Molecular Biology, Göteborg University, 1997. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/39751934.html.
35
Cool, Deborah E. "Characterization of the human factor XII (Hageman factor) CDNA and the gene." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/26980.
Анотація:
A human liver cDNA library was screened by colony hybridization with two mixtures of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides as probes. These oligonucleotides encoded regions of β-factor Xlla as predicted from the amino acid sequence. Four positive clones were isolated that contained DNA coding for most of factor XII mRNA. A second human liver cDNA library was screened by colony hybridization with ³²P-labeled cDNA clones obtained from the first screen and two identical clones were isolated.
DNA sequence analysis of these overlapping clones showed that they contained DNA coding for the signal peptide sequence, the complete amino acid sequence of plasma factor XII, a TGA stop codon, a 3' untranslated region of 150 nucleotides, and a poly A⁺ tail. The cDNA sequence predicts that plasma factor XII consists of 596 amino acid residues. Within the predicted amino acid sequence of factor XII, were identified three peptide bonds that are cleaved by kallikrein during the formation of β-factor Xlla.
Comparison of the structure of factor XII with other proteins revealed extensive sequence identity with regions of tissue-type plasminogen activator (the epidermal growth factor-like region and the kringle region) and fibronectin (type I and type II homologies). As the type II region of fibronectin contains a collagen-binding site, the homologous region in factor XII may be responsible for the binding of factor XII to collagen. The carboxyl-terminal region of factor XII shares considerable amino acid sequence homology with other serine proteases including trypsin and many clotting factors.
A human genomic phage library was screened by using a human factor XII cDNA as ahybridization probe. Two overlapping phage clones were isolated which contain the entire human factor XII gene. DNA sequence and restriction enzyme analysis of the clones indicate that the gene is approximately 12 kbp in size and is comprised of 13 introns and 14 exons. Exons 3 through 14 are contained in a genomic region of only 4.2 kbp with introns ranging in size from 80 to 554 bp.
The multiple regions found in the coding sequence of FXII that are homologous to putative domains in fibronectin and tissue-type plasminogen activator are contained on separate exons in the factor XII gene. The intron/exon gene organization is similar to the serine protease gene family of plasminogen activators and not to the clotting factor family.
Analysis of the 5' flanking region of the gene shows that it does not contain the typical TATA and CAAT sequences found in other genes. This is consistent with the finding that transcription of the gene is initiated at multiple start sites.Medicine, Faculty of
Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of
Graduate
36
Orban, Tivadar. "Modeling the human prothrombinase complex components." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1210257089.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph.D.)--Cleveland State University, 2008.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Oct. 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references. Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
37
Ashworth, C. J. "Maternal factors affecting early pregnancy in sheep." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354107.
38
Sobeih, W. Y. A. F. "Factors controlling bulb developments in the onion." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370351.
39
Fukuda, Nobutaka. "Fertility decline in Japan since the 1970s : socio-ecomic factors or attitudinal factors?" Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:8303e991-71bf-4198-bc87-d2090c0415d6.
Анотація:
This study investigates the influence of socio-economic and attitudinal factors on recent changes in marriage and fertility in Japan. Using macroand micro-data (collected especially for this research), the study examines the validity of three main theories: (1) the New Home Economics theory; (2) Easterlin's theory; and (3) the ideational (or attitudinal) theory in detemining Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. The findings of this study show that socio-economic factors exert a substantial effect on Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. More specifically, an increase in women's earning capacity raised their marriage age, lowered the level of their fertility, and lengthened their birth intervals. This evidence is in agreement with the New Home Economics theory. On the other hand, relative economic status also affected Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. An improvement in the economic situation of young adults encouraged them to marry earlier, and to have more children. These findings support Easterlin's theory. However, comparing the two theories, the longitudinal trend of marriage and fertility pattern in Japan is better explained by the New Home Economics theory than Easterlin's theory. The level of women's wages had a relatively stronger impact on these patterns than their relative economic status. The findings also reveal that attitudinal factors play a significant role in determining Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour. As women became less committed to traditional norms and values, they married later, had fewer children and lengthened their birth intervals. Likewise, the reinforcement of women's individualistic attitudes raised their marriage age, lowered the level of their fertility, and delayed their entry to parenthood. This evidence indicates that marriage and fertility pattern in Japan cannot be due entirely to socio-economic factors. Comparing socio-economic and attitudinal factors, the former had a greater influence on marriage and fertility behaviour than the latter. We conclude from the findings of this study that Japanese marriage and fertility behaviour are affected both by socio-economic and attitudinal (ideational) factors, but the influence of the latter is secondary.
40
Al-Saidan, S. M. H. "An investigation of some factors affecting transdermal permeation." Thesis, Robert Gordon University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354972.
41
Lamb, Ian Charles. "Factors affecting fertility in the lactating domestic rabbit." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1985. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU362774.
Анотація:
Lactational anoestrus and anovulation place limitations on the economic and biological efficiency of the three main domestic farm species ie cow, pig and sheep by reducing reproductive efficiency. The factors of Remating Interval, Nutrition and Suckling have been shown to influence fertility during lactation in these species. The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of these factors on fertility and identify the mechanisms by which they act, using the lactating domestic rabbit as an experimental model and so provide information which may help overcome the obstacles preventing concurrent pregnancy and lactation in the domestic farm species. Experiment 1 provided data on the fertility of primiparous crossbred lactating does in the immediate postpartum period. This information was used to decide on which day postpartum does should be remated in subsequent experiments. Sixty-four does each suckling 6 pups were mated on day 1 (N = 17), 2 (N = 17), 3 (N = 15) or 4 (N = 15) postpartum (where day 0 = the day of parturition) and killed on day 10 postcoitum (where day 0 = the day of mating) to assess fertility. Overall fertility levels were high during this period. There were no significant differences between does remated on day 1- 4 postpartum in their mating response (percentage of those does tested for mating, which mated) and, overall this was 97%, ovulation response (percentage of those does mating, which ovulated), overall 77%, implantation response (proportion of those does ovulating, which implanted ova), overall 83%, implantation rate, overall 8.7 or pre-implantation mortality (%), overall 24%. Ovulation rate was significantly increased in does mated on day 3 (13.3) and 4 (13.1) compared with those on day 1 (10.2) (P 0.05) and 2 (9.6) (P 0.01) postpartum. From these results day 1 postpartum remating was found to result in the highest level of absolute fertility (ie by multiplication of the estimated pregnancy rates (the percentage of does implanting ova of those mated) of' 82%, 60%, 60% and 53% with the implantation rate 7.9, 8.1, 9.4 and 9.6 of does mated on day 1 (N = 17) , 2 (N = 15), 3 (N = 15) and 4 (N = 15) postpartum respectively, giving a total of 111, 73, 85 and 77 pups on day 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively) during this period postpartum and was therefore used in future experiments concerning the remating interval. In Experiment 2, the effects of the remating interval and nutrition on the fertility of lactating crossbred does was examined. Eighty-six does each suckling six pups were remated on either day 1 or 14 postpartum and offered diets with digestible energy (D.E.) contents of 8.5 or 15.4 M.J./ kg D.M. and digestible crude protein contents (D.C.P.) of 129 or 227 g/kg D.M. and which were otherwise nutritionally adequate for lactating does. The experiment was carried out over three consecutive lactations and does were killed at selected times in each lactation to assess fertility and body composition. Diet had no effect on any aspect of fertility, while in contrast the remating interval was shown to have a significant effect. Does remated on day 1 had a significantly greater ovulation response in the first (82% vs 63%, P 0.10) and second (100% vs 77%, P 0.05) lactation compared with those mated on day 14 postpartum. Pregnancy rate was also significantly greater in does remated on day 1 in the first (76% vs 51%, P 0.05) and the second (100% vs 67%, P 0.01) lactation compared with those mated on day 14 postpartum. There were no differences in pre or post-implantation mortality between does remated on day 1 and 14 postpartum and therefore pregnancy rate was determined by the initial ovulation response. Litter size at term was found to be related to the initial ovulation rate and both were greater in does remated on day 14 compared to day 1 postpartum. This reached significance for litter size at term in the first lactation (7.8: day 1 vs 10.1: day 14, P 0.01) and ovulation rate in the second lactation, which was 12.4 for does remated on day 1 and 17.8 for those remated on day 14 postpartum (P 0.01). There was no significant difference in the body composition of pregnant does on the various treatment combinations over the course of the experiment or in lactation performance between does which were pregnant and those which were not. Experiment 3 was undertaken to confirm the effects of the remating interval on fertility observed in does on Experiment 2 and also to record measures of doe lactation performance to assess if they could be related with the effects of this factor.
42
Elliott, Michael J. H. "The interactions of interleukin-3 and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor with human monocytes /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 1989. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe464.pdf.
43
Schroth, Timothy F. "An introduction to human factors and combat models." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 1989. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/theses/1989/Mar/89Mar%5FSchroth.pdf.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Systems Technology (Command Control and Communications))--Naval Postgraduate School, March 1989.Thesis Advisor(s): Jones, Carl R. ; Parry, Samuel H. "March 1989." Description based on title screen as viewed on November 15, 2007. Bibliography: p. 53-58. Also available in print.
44
Clarke, John G. Theise Eric S. Poock G. K. "Introduction to human factors and wide area networking." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School; Available from the National Technical Information Service, 1992. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA252310.
45
Lacy, Rex D. "Human factors analysis of U.S. Navy afloat mishaps." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1998. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA354288.
Анотація:
Thesis (M.S. in Operations Research) Naval Postgraduate School, September 1998.Thesis advisor(s): Samuel E. Buttrey. "September 1998." Includes bibliographical references (p. 59-62). Also available in print.
46
Jaikaran, Emma Tracy Araminta Sunita. "Factors influencing human islet amyloid polypeptide fibril formation." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342537.
47
Parker, Christopher J. "A human factors perspective on volunteered geographic information." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2012. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/10177.
Анотація:
This thesis takes a multidisciplinary approach to understanding the unique abilities of Volunteered Geographic Information (VGI) to enhance the utility of online mashups in ways not achievable with Professional Geographic Information (PGI). The key issues currently limiting the use of successful of VGI are the concern for quality, accuracy and value of the information, as well as the polarisation and bias of views within the user community. This thesis reviews different theoretical approaches in Human Factors, Geography, Information Science and Computer Science to help understand the notion of user judgements relative to VGI within an online environment (Chapter 2). Research methods relevant to a human factors investigation are also discussed (Chapter 3). (Chapter 5) The scoping study established the fundamental insights into the terminology and nature of VGI and PGI, a range of users were engaged through a series of qualitative interviews. This led the development of a framework on VGI (Chapter 4), and comparative description of users in relation to one another through a value framework (Chapter 5). Study Two produced qualitative multi-methods investigation into how users perceive VGI and PGI in use (Chapter 6), demonstrating similarities and the unique ability for VGI to provide utility to consumers. Chapter Seven and Study Three brought insight into the specific abilities for VGI to enhance the user judgement of online information within an information relevance context (Chapter 7 and 8). In understanding the outcomes of these studies, this thesis discusses how users perceive VGI as different from PGI in terms of its benefit to consumers from a user centred design perspective (Chapter 9). In particular, the degree to which user concerns are valid, the limitation of VGI in application and its potential strengths in enriching the user experiences of consumers engaged within an information search. In conclusion, specific contributions and avenues for further work are highlighted (Chapter 10).
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Gill, Simon Adrain. "Application of human factors methodologies to aircraft maintainability." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537824.
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Wuliji, Tana. "Factors influencing human resource development for pharmaceutical services." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522828.
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Kelley, Timothy D. "Systemic effects of human factors in information security." Thesis, Indiana University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3665483.
Анотація:
This dissertation couples the growing corpus of human subjects and behavioral research in information security with large-scale data and robust quantitative methods. Linking human subject experimentation with theoretical models enables the information security community to reason more effectively about the system-wide effects of user behavior. I examine how users interact with the digital environment, how those interactions affect decision-making, and how aggregate decision-making affects system-wide vulnerabilities. This interdisciplinary challenge requires a combination of techniques from cognitive neuroscience, social network analysis, human-subjects research, dynamical systems, network theory, and agent-based models.
In the first section, eye-tracking data demonstrates the relationships between expertise and online perceptual awareness of security cues. Expertise is shown to be only a small factor in attention to security cues, and task-type proves to be much larger indicator of attention, with tasks requiring the use of personal accounts driving attention to cues. This section uses Bayesian ANOVA to evaluate users' perceptual awareness of security cues as they complete common online tasks, as it relates to user sophistication and task type.
The second section uses a theoretical epidemiological model of malware spread to investigate factors that might mitigate the prevalence of malware in a coupled, two-population model. This both demonstrates that cost is the largest factor for affecting malware prevalence, outside of malware infection rates, and identifies appropriate strategies for system-wide botnet mitigation.
The final section utilizes an agent-based model of mobile application adoption combined with social network data and mobile marketplace policy. The result is an examination of the dynamic effects of user and market behavior on the spread of mobile malware and the second order effects, such as privacy loss, due to that spread. This model reveals that well-regulated markets are effective at limiting malware spread, but user behavior grows in importance as markets become less restricted.
Each study examines ways in which users interact with their technology, the aggregate effects of those behaviors, and identifies possible inflection points to change system-wide behaviors. This dissertation integrates empirical behavioral studies to develop a better understanding of digital behavior, thus enabling a more holistic approach to information security.