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1
Smith, Tonja. "Bioethics for the masses the negotiation of bioethics in film and fiction /." Laramie, Wyo. : University of Wyoming, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1798481011&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=18949&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
2
Kottow, Lang Miguel. "Bioethics and right (s): some perspectives." Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118570.
Анотація:
Interrelations between bioethics and human rights have been debated ever since this applied ethics has developed over the last 50 years. Persistent controversies regarding the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the disciplinary status of bioethics, and their interaction as presented by the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights, all require renewed reflection. Theoretical debates have had to face the reality of global social issues with their tendency to maintain, even naturalize, social, regional and transnational inequalities, in the weakened moral climate of late modernity’s individualism, the dominance of neoliberalism, and reduced social protection that neglects the common weal. The present article reinforces the need for reflexive bioethical discourse as a crucial element in social practices that tend to be legalized.La interrelación entre la bioética y los derechos humanos ha sido debatida desde que esta ética aplicada se desarrolla a lo largo de casi cinco decenios. Persistentes controversias sobre la Declaración Universal de Derecho Humanos, el carácter disciplinario de la bioética, y la interacción de ambas propuesta por la Declaración Universal de Bioética y Derechos Humanos, requieren nuevas reflexiones. Los debates teóricos enfrentan la realidad social global que mantiene, e incluso naturaliza, desigualdades sociales regionales y trasnacionales, en un clima moral resentido por el individualismo y la generalización del pensamiento neoliberal, que reduce la protección social y desatiende el bien común. El robustecimiento del discurso bioético reflexivo es planteado en este artículo como elemento primordial en prácticas sociales que tienden a la juridicidad.
3
Pleasants, Gabriel J. "Bioethics and Human Rights: A Problem, a Proposal, and an Achievement." Thesis, Boston College, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/508.
Анотація:
Thesis advisor: James F. KeenanThis study investigates the recent paradigm shift in bioethics to an approach that uses the language of human rights to work towards social justice and health equity. It follows the three stages of Kuhn's "paradigm shift": recognizing the fallibility of the first paradigm and proving its destructiveness, presenting the theoretical particulars of a new paradigm, and demonstrating how the new paradigm becomes operational. The case study of the organ trade shows the failure of the first model of bioethics, based on autonomy and non-maleficence. This model falsely depicts the true ethical challenges while shadowing the enormous harms it causes. An emerging bioethical model centered on human rights is presented as the best theoretical option to remedy the ills of the first paradigm and make sense of bioethical dilemmas across the globe. But the second paradigm cannot simply look better, it must be operational. Applying the human rights model, the Treatment Action Campaign in South Africa achieved universal access to antiretroviral treatment, thus confirming the theory of the new paradigm in action. The study concludes with a call for an ethics of implementation within the new paradigm that balances the radical ideal of health as a human right with concrete and pragmatic improvements in healthcare; an ethics of "being on the way" to the ultimate goal of justice and equity in health
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2007
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: International Studies
Discipline: College Honors Program
4
Pelser, Adam C. "Made in the image of man the value of Christian theology for public moral discourse on human cloning /." Electronic thesis, 2007. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/187.
5
Palk, Andrea Christy. "The morality of transhumanism : assessing human dignity arguments." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86727.
Анотація:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The transhumanist movement propounds the view that the evolution of humanity must be extricated from the contingencies of blind natural selection and actively directed by human beings themselves, utilising existing as well as nascent technologies, in order to radically enhance and thus transform individual human capabilities to levels which far surpass current capacities. Transhumanism has elicited vehement critique, however, due to the claim that the transformations it proposes will result in a new posthuman species; and thus, that its aims represent a violation of human dignity. In order to assess this claim it is necessary to firstly investigate the aims and values of the transhumanist movement, as well as the technological means through which it proposes these aims will be fulfilled. This task is the focus of the first half of this thesis. Secondly, the concept of dignity itself must be examined in order to ascertain its status as a means of critiquing transhumanism. The second half of this thesis therefore explicates the notion of dignity by tracing its historical interpretations and uses, as well as the way in which it has been employed to uphold human rights and to adjudicate bioethical dilemmas in the contemporary milieu. This investigation enables the assessment of the two most renowned dignity arguments, namely, the arguments of the bioconservative thinkers Leon Kass and Francis Fukuyama which have been lodged against transhumanism, as well as the counter-argument of the transhumanist Nick Bostrom. In light of this discussion, the conclusion is that the notion of dignity is plagued by irrevocable ambiguity, vagueness and inconsistencies, due to the presence of conflicting interpretations. These findings have implications for the concept’s efficacy to adjudicate the complex ethical conundrums posed, not only by transhumanism, but in the bioethics arena in general.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die transhumanistiese beweging verteenwoordig die standpunt dat die evolusie van die mensdom losgemaak moet word van die toevallighede van blinde, natuurlike seleksie en aktief gerig moet word deur die mens self, deur van bestaande sowel as ontwikkelende tegnologieë gebruik te maak ten einde individuele menslike vermoëns radikaal te verbeter en dus te transformeer tot op vlakke wat huidige vermoëns ver oorskry. Transhumanisme het egter hewige kritiek ontlok weens die aanspraak dat die transformasies wat dit voorstel ‘n nuwe post-menslike spesie tot gevolg sal hê en dus dat die oogmerke daarvan ‘n skending van menswaardigheid verteenwoordig. Ten einde hierdie aanspraak te beoordeel, was dit eerstens nodig om die oogmerke en waardes van die transhumanistiese beweging te ondersoek, sowel as die tegnologiese middele wat voorgestel word as dit waardeur hierdie oogmerke verwesenlik sal word. Hierdie taak is onderneem in die eerste helfte van die tesis. Tweedens is die konsep van waardigheid self krities onder die loep geneem ten einde die status daarvan as ‘n middel om transhumanisme te kritiseer, te beoordeel. Die tweede helfte van hierdie tesis verhelder dus die idee van waardigheid deur die historiese interpretasies en gebruike daarvan na te gaan, sowel as die manier waarop dit aangewend is om menseregte te ondersteun en om dilemmas in die bioetiek in die hedendaagse milieu te bereg. Hierdie ondersoek maak die beoordeling van die drie mees bekende waardigheidsargumente wat teen transhumanisme gebring is, naamlik die argumente van die biokonserwatiewe denkers Leon Kass en Francis Fukuyama, sowel as die teenargument van die transhumanis Nick Bostrom, moontlik. Na aanleiding van hierdie bespreking is die gevolgtrekking van die skrywer dat die idee van menswaardigheid deurspek is met onvermydelike dubbelsinnigheid, vaagheid en teenstrydighede as gevolg van teenstrydige interpretasies. Hierdie bevindinge het implikasies vir die doeltreffendheid van die konsep om die komplekse etiese probleme wat gestel word, nie net deur transhumanisme nie, maar deur die bioetiek arena oor die algemeen, te beoordeel.
6
Freitas, Drumond José Geraldo de. "Ethics and bioethics concerning challenges in the 21st Century." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/116198.
Анотація:
The contemporary world is characterized by a formidable accumulation of scientific knowledge, which is responsible for developing the technology that permeates all latitudes of the planet and is incorporated, so virtually irreplaceably, to the daily life of human beings. However, the world is in a borderline: serious responsibilities determined by the process of increasingly aggressive human intervention in the biosphere (accelerating its deterioration) and the very human biology, reaching its genetic identity. Humanity is wrapped in a moral dilemma, since it is found that most of the benefits offered by human knowledge —the whole set of scientific and technological progress of humanity— remains inaccessible to most of the universal family. A recurring issue in today’s society is to establish the boundaries between normal and abnormal, between natural and artificial. Is the human being willing, once again, to transgress the parameters established by her concerning what is normal, anatomically and physiologically? Will she not be satisfied by merely making her biological structure sufficiently adapted to the current practices of the species? Will she want more? In the singular historical transition experienced by contemporary society, the emergence of a new ethical reflection to modulate human behavior has become imperative, so that the actions of men and women can converge to the achievement of universal benefits, so as not to endanger the very survival of human beings on the planet.El mundo contemporáneo se caracteriza por un magnífico conjunto de conocimientos científicos que son responsables por el desarrollo de la tecnología que se disemina en todas las latitudes del planeta y se incorpora, de modo prácticamente permanente, en la cotidianidad del ser humano. Sin embargo, el mundo se encuentra en una frontera de graves responsabilidades determinadas por el proceso de intervención humana cada vez más agresiva en la biósfera (acelerando su deterioro) y en la propia biología humana, alcanzando su identidad genética. La humanidad se encuentra ante una encrucijada moral, al constatarse que la mayoría de las conquistas propiciadas por el conocimiento humano —todo el conjunto del progreso científico y tecnológico de la humanidad— permanece inaccesible para la mayoría de la familia universal. La cuestión recurrente en la sociedad actual es establecer los límites entre lo normal y lo anormal, entre lo natural y lo artificial. ¿Estará el hombre dispuesto, una vez más, a transgredir los parámetros de normalidad anatómica y fisiológica establecidos por él mismo? ¿No le bastará para estar satisfecho el tener su estructura biológica suficientemente adaptada a las prácticas corrientes de la especie? ¿Habrá de querer más? En la singular transición histórica vivida por la sociedad contemporánea se hizo imperativo el surgimiento de una nueva reflexión ética para modular el comportamiento humano, de modo que las acciones de los hombres y las mujeres puedan converger para la consecución de beneficios universales, sin poner en riesgo la propia supervivencia de los seres humanos en este planeta.
7
Radau, Wiltrud Christine. "Die Biomedizinkonvention des Europarates : Humanforschung - Transplantationsmedizin - Genetik - Rechtsanalyse und Rechtsvergleich /." Berlin [u.a.] : Springer, 2006. http://www.gbv.de/dms/spk/sbb/recht/toc/511240961.pdf.
8
Ericson, Robin J. "Bridging solutions to the religion and science conflict over human embryonic stem cell research." Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/2926.
Анотація:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--George Mason University, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Jan. 17, 2008). Thesis director: Richard E. Rubenstein. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Conflict Analysis and Resolution. Vita: p. 228. Includes bibliographical references (p. 222-227). Also available in print.
9
Williams, Thomas D. "An ethical analysis of the use of fertility drugs." Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2000. http://www.tren.com.
10
Lawrence, David. "Persons, humans, and machines : ethical and policy dimensions of enhancement technologies." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/persons-humans-and-machines-ethical-and-policy-dimensions-of-enhancement-technologies(d571a6bc-a250-4c24-9fe9-2c9c9dd88f89).html.
Анотація:
The aim of this thesis is to provide an argument that enhancement technologies are a form of enablement more significant than their physical effects; rather, that enhancement might be a fundamental element of humanity. This allows a refutation of the standard bioconservative position, that to increase capacity beyond that of a "normal" Homo sapiens necessarily defeats humanity, or at least nebulous aspects of it. I here argue instead that humanity is affirmed, and furthermore that enhancements are in fact inherently good, valuable, and worthwhile pursuits; on the assumption that it is, as critics of enhancements and transhumanism say, inherently good, valuable, and worthy of preservation to be human. I suggest thus that to enhance is the essence of, and the key to, the continuum of humanity. In the introduction, I set out the reasons why this type of research is increasingly necessary, namely that it is important to rationally consider the effects which new enhancement and related technologies will have on our persons and on our society. Secondly, it presents my rationales for taking liberal stances on questions such as the scope and definition of enhancement, the supposed therapy- enhancement divide, and on access to enhancement technology; in order to provide a reasoned base from which to build the core themes of the thesis. It goes on to address a number of the archetypical critical arguments against enhancement, in support of these core themes. Part II of the thesis contains the papers and delivers the main arguments in sequence- firstly, the need for the application of rationality in policymaking and commentary on bioethical concerns, and secondly the importance of considering motivation when attempting to divine the best course of action to regulate beings and technologies that we have not yet experienced, and the manner of which we cannot entirely predict. This is followed by an argument as to whether it is reasonable to treat enhanced or other purported novel beings that could result from these technologies as different from ourselves, and thus warranting such policy considerations. To accomplish this, the thesis delivers a fresh angle on the relationship between Homo sapiens sapiens, the human, and whatever is posited to supersede it, the posthuman. A central theme is the idea that humanity is a "matter of sufficiency"- an end-state for moral status, not a stepping-stone which one can be 'post'. These arguments culminate in a contention that it is enhancement that acts as the unifying factor in our evolution and existence, and that there is therefore unlikely to be any good reason to see beings that follow the humans of today as being different in any significant way. The thesis concludes with an exploration of the progression of these themes, as well as identifying the place of my work amongst the wider academic literature around enhancement and the nature of the human. Finally, the most promising avenues for future research are explored.
11
Nilsson, Jakub. "Confusion Causing Chimeras : An evaluation of the Moral Confusion argument against the creation of human-nonhuman chimeras." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-122674.
12
Kodimattam, Joseph George. "Molding a Better Humanity? Ethical Implications of Human Genetic Modifications for Enhancement." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-12266.
Анотація:
The study analyzes the ethical implications of human gene transfer technology for enhancement. Although human gene transfer technology is widely accepted on therapeutic grounds the non-therapeutic use of gene transfer technology remains to be a gray zone for moral deliberation. The present discussion addresses several ethical issues concerning the impacts of human gene transfer technology on individuals, the society, and future people. Accordingly, the study examines major ethical issues concerning the use of human gene transfer technology in general and genetic enhancement in particular, and reliability of the putative demarcation between therapy and enhancement, and further proposes ethical guidelines for non-therapeutic application of human gene transfer technology. A special attention is given to three major ethical issues, such as our obligation to future generations, problems concerning justice, fairness, and equality, and the problem of uncertainty.
13
Hendricks, Mark William. "The ethical implications of the Levitical incest laws for medically assisted procreation." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1999. http://www.tren.com.
14
Kottow, Miguel. "Vulnerabilidad entre derechos humanos y bioética. Relaciones tormentosas, conflictos insolutos." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115646.
Анотація:
Vulnerability, human rights, and bioethics. Turbulentrelationships, unsolved conflicts.Vulnerability as potential harm has been confused with actual damage, leading to the improper conclusion that those already harmed, therefore wrongly called vulnerable, are considered unable to take care of their own interests. Fragile, but as yet unharmed, vulnerability is an anthropological trait that implies liberty and equality as proclaimed by human rights, as well as by the ethics fundamental to all human endeavors. The universality of human rights has been put to question, arguing that they can only be claimed by individuals who are recognized as citizens. Also, different cultures and specific social groups demand the recognition of rights that are respectful of their singularity, and therefore not universal.The fundamental rights to liberty need to be complemented by political and social rights that take care of actual needs, harms and disempowerment. This kind of language is proper to bioethics, a discipline focused upon human interventions on vital processes, deliberating upon sensitive issues that require decisions as well as normative public policies of social practices that pertain to its realm of reflection.La confusión entre vulnerabilidad (daño potencial) y vulneración (daño instalado) ha tenido consecuencias importantes, sobre todo al afirmarse que la vulnerabilidad conlleva la incapacidad de velar por los propios intereses. La vulnerabilidad es un rasgo antropológico que implica la libertad y la igualdad de todos los individuos, como es proclamado por los derechos humanos, y reconocido por la ética trascendental que inspira todo quehacer humano. La universalidad de los derechos básicos ha sido cuestionada porque solo son reclamables por personas con ciudadanía reconocida, y porque hay grupos sociales y culturas que prefieren marcar su singularidad y especificar losderechos.Los derechos primarios de libertad requieren ser complementados con derechos políticos y sociales que atienden a las necesidades de individuos vulnerados, cuidando de aliviar sus desmedros y falta de empoderamiento. Este lenguaje es asumido por la bioética, entendida como la ética aplicadaque reflexiona sobre intervenciones humanas en procesos vitales. Con el propósito de proteger a los vulnerados, la bioética delibera sobre decisiones sensibles involucradas en estas intervenciones, y sobre políticas públicas que norman prácticas sociales pertinentes a su ámbito de reflexión.
15
Souza, Arianne Soares de. "A bioética e o direito face ao princípio divino da dignidade da pessoa humana." Faculdades EST, 2014. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=549.
Анотація:
Nos dias de hoje, novos desafios surgem entre os valores da sociedade como um todo e as novas descobertas tecnológicas. As conquistas trazidas pelo desenvolvimento na área das ciências biológicas revigoram e produzem esperanças na melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, porém é fundamental se questionar quais são os limites para essa ação. As novas biotecnologias fomentaram um debate que envolve a Bioética e provocou o surgimento do Biodireito, tudo com o intuito de promover a proteção da vida e a dignidade humana. Diante dessa realidade, o presente trabalho inicia sua fundamentação com o tema Bioética, tratando a parte conceitual e histórica, seus princípios basilares e a relação com o Biodireito. Em seguida, por estar diretamente interligado à Bioética, parte-se para a dignidade humana como categoria teológica, bem como se vislumbra a importante relação entre Bioética e Teologia. Por fim, finaliza-se o estudo tratando-se a evolução do princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, consagrado constitucionalmente e pela fé cristã, como limite bioético e jurídico frente às inovações científicas, enfatizando o conceito de dignidade, o surgimento dos direitos fundamentais e sua positivação na Constituição de 1988.Nowadays, new challenges arise between the values of society as a whole and the new technological discoveries. The achievements brought about by development in the field of biological sciences invigorate and produce hope in improving the quality of life, but it is crucial to question what the limits of this action are. New biotechnologies fueled a debate that involves bioethics and sparked the emergence of Biolaw, all aiming to promote the protection of human life and dignity. Given this reality, this paper begins its reasoning with the theme Bioethics, regarding the conceptual and historical part, its basic principles and the relationship with Biolaw. Then, because it is directly connected to Bioethics, we proceed to human dignity as a theological category, as well as to seeing the important relationship between bioethics and theology. Finally, the study ends up discussing the evolution of the principle of human dignity, enshrined in the Constitution and the Christian faith, as the bioethical and legal limit in regard to scientific progress, emphasizing the concept of dignity, the emergence of fundamental rights and its positivization in the 1988 Constitution.
16
Rocha, Renata da. "A vida e a norma como valores supremos do ser humano: a previsão constitucional do biodireito." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/5801.
Анотація:
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The circumstances brought about during the last quarter of the 20th century, particularly as far as the advances of medical science are concerned and the association that took place with other incipient areas of knowledge, such as genetic engineering and molecular biology, gave rise to Biomedicine. In this respect, countless possibilities came about such as: artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization, stem cell research - embryonic and adult -, genetic engineering, pre-implantation genetic diagnosis, therapeutic cloning, gene therapy, eugenics, pain control and lengthening of human life. These possibilities necessarily lead to choices that drift towards ethical dilemmas and as such to legal consequences. Should we allow genetic test results decide the future of an embryo? Who will eventually decide which tests should be carried out? The parents, the doctor, the State? Will there be any chance of us experiencing a new eugenics? Will it be possible, in the future, to hold legally responsible those who suffered genetic modification against their will? Bioethics has already started to introduce ethical norms to guide scientists so that the inherent risks of these practices can be minimized. However, it is already possible to foresee the need for the establishment of legal norms providing safe limits for the advance of Biomedicine. This is therefore the main objective of the current study. With this in mind, the notion that a new branch of the existing Law be developed has been put forward. A fourth dimension system named Biolaw which will address above all, the protection of the human life process, initiating at conception and ending at death, safeguarding the dignity of the human being ontologically speaking and not only in the civil sense of the term. These two values represent the theoretical foundation, the anthropological base, linked to the human vital process and ontological dimension, related to the dignity of the human being, upon which Biolaw should be constructed. For this reason, the recognition of the formal and material fundamentality of its norms requires legal response: the constitutional introduction of legal norms through an amending act to the Brazilian Constitution
A realidade que se impôs no último quarto do século XX, em especial no que concerne ao avanço da ciência médica, bem como a associação que esta realizou com incipientes áreas do conhecimento, cite-se, como exemplo, a engenharia genética e a biologia molecular, deu origem à Biomedicina. Surgiram, nesse âmbito, inúmeras possibilidades, a saber: a inseminação artificial, a fecundação in vitro -, a pesquisa com células-tronco embrionárias e adultas -, a engenharia genética, o diagnóstico genético pré-implantacional, a clonagem terapêutica, a terapia gênica, a eugenia, o controle da dor e prolongamento da vida. Essas possibilidades implicam, necessariamente, na realização de escolhas que resvalam em dilemas éticos, com consequências jurídicas: Deve-se permitir que os resultados de testes genéticos decidam o futuro de um embrião? Quem decidirá que testes devem ser feitos? Os genitores, o médico ou o Estado? Haverá chance de se vivenciar uma nova eugenia? Será possível, no futuro, responsabilizar juridicamente aqueles que sofreram modificação genética à sua revelia? A Bioética já vem se ocupando em editar normas éticas que orientem os cientistas de maneira a minimizar os riscos inerentes a tais práticas. Nota-se, contudo, ainda, a necessidade do estabelecimento de normas jurídicas que informem um limite seguro para o avanço da Biomedicina. Esse, portanto, constitui o principal desiderato do presente estudo. Assim, defende-se o surgimento de um novo ramo do Direito, um direito de quarta dimensão, chamado Biodireito, que se deterá, sobretudo, na tutela do processo vital humano, que se inicia com a concepção e se encerra com a morte, bem como na proteção da dignidade do ser humano, ontos, e não apenas na dignidade da pessoa, no sentido civil do termo. Esses dois valores representam os fundamentos teóricos - base antropológica, ligada ao processo vital humano e dimensão ontológica, relacionada à dignidade do ser humano-, sobre os quais deve se edificar o Biodireito. Em razão disso, pugna-se pelo reconhecimento da fundamentalidade formal e material de suas normas, isto é, pela positivação constitucional de suas normas jurídicas, por intermédio de uma proposta de emenda à Constituição Federal
17
Machado, Cynthia Silva [UNESP]. "Bioética na reprodução humana assistida: os impactos éticos e emocionais no destino de embriões excedentários." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148562.
Анотація:
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A ideia que versa essa dissertação é do esplêndido que a Reprodução Humana Assistida (RHA), traz a possibilidade de fazer um filho em um casal isento de fertilidade. Diante do que se percebe em termos de avanços da tecnociência do crescente número de casais em situação de infertilidade o foco desta pesquisa é a Doação de embriões criopreservados. Mormente existam em outros países leis específicas que regulem a RHA, o Brasil dispõe apenas de uma Lei da engenharia genética - Lei de Biossegurança, n. 11.105, 24/03/2005, o que faz com que profissionais da área se deparem com diversos desafios éticos. Há de se ressaltar, que polêmicas quanto à valoração do embrião em toda a sociedade brasileira permeiam está seara, mais especificamente, a questão da pesquisa com célulastronco embrionárias. É ainda ressaltante dizer da escassez de pesquisas e publicações nesta área, em especial, no que diz respeito às implicações emocionais da Doação de embriões. Para tanto, os objetivos desta pesquisa perfazem a compreensão dos aspectos bioéticos envolvidos na problemática da Reprodução Humana Assistida, bem como o estudo dos aspectos éticos vividos pela Equipe Técnico-administrativa de uma Clínica de Reprodução Humana do Estado de São Paulo, responsável pelo tratamento de Reprodução Humana Assistida de casais que tiveram embriões excedentários após serem submetidos ao tratamento de Fertilização in vitro e a reflexão sobre a dimensão subjetiva vivida pela Equipe Técnico-administrativa de uma Clínica de Reprodução Humana do Estado de São Paulo, responsável pelo tratamento de Reprodução Humana Assistida de casais que tiveram embriões excedentários após serem submetidos ao tratamento de Fertilização in vitro. Sendo a metodologia utilizada neste estudo a abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, bibliográfica, documental, exploratória e de campo, tendo como método o hermenêutico-dialético e a pesquisa de campo com a Equipe Técnico-administrativa da Clínica supracitada. Ao que se chega ao final deste estudo nada mais são que (in)conclusões, pois por certo muitos questionamentos éticos se abrem ao se desvelar o universo pesquisado: a Doação de embriões. O vínculo estabelecido ente o casal com os embriões excedentes criopreservados permeia o processo de decisão do casal quanto ao destino destes, marcado por incertezas, temores e sentimentos de solidariedade, aliado a isto está o fato de que a contemporaneidade representa um modo de viver em que a fluidez de valores é ressaltada, a fragilidade e transitoriedade dos laços afetivos são preponderantes. É forçoso ainda dizer que a importância do pensamento foi apreciada durante todo o percurso e no desfecho deste estudo optou-se por enfatizar quão poderoso ele é. Haja vista que as proposições ou sugestões vislumbram, antes de mais nada, “o Pensar” no sentido da elaboração como saída para quem vivencia a angústia da tomada de Decisão do que fazer com os seus embriões.
The idea that discusses dissertation is from the splendid which the Assisted Human Reproduction (AHR) brings: the possibility of a child in free couple fertility. Given what is perceived in terms of advances of techno science of the growing number of couples in infertility situation, the focus of this research is the cry preserved embryo donation. Especially exist in other countries, specific laws that govern the RHA, Brazil has only a law of genetic engineering - Insecurity Law, n.11.105, 24/03/2005 - with the result that health professionals are experiencing with several ethical challenges. It is noteworthy that controversies regarding the valuation of the embryo in Brazilian society permeate this harvest, more specifically the issue of research with embryonic stem cells. It is also remarking to say the lack of research and publications in this area, particularly with regard to the emotional implications of the donation of embryos. Therefore, the objectives of this research account for the understanding of bioethical issues involved in the issue of Assisted Human Reproduction, and the study of ethical issues experienced by Technical and Administrative Team of a Human Reproduction Clinic of São Paulo, responsible for handling Assisted Human reproduction of couples who have surplus embryos after being subjected to the treatment of in vitro fertilization and reflection on the subjective dimension lived by Technical and Administrative Team of a Human reproduction Clinic of São Paulo, responsible for the treatment of Assisted Human Reproduction of couples who had surplus embryos after being subjected to the treatment of fertilization in vitro and reflection on the subjective dimension experienced by the Technical and Administrative Team of a clinic of Human Reproduction of São Paulo State, responsible for the treatment of Assisted Human Reproduction of couples who had surplus embryos after being subjected to the treatment of fertilization in vitro. Being the used methodology in this study, a qualitative approach, descriptive, bibliographic, documental, exploratory and field, having as a method the dialectic-hermeneutic and the field research had the medical staff of the aforementioned Clinic. Conclusions are the ending of this study because surely many ethical questions open to unfold the universe surveyed: the Donation of embryos. The established link between the couple with cry preserved surplus embryos permeates the couple's decision making about the fate of these, marked by uncertainties, fears and feelings of solidarity, coupled with this is the fact that the contemporary world is a way of life in which the fluidity values is emphasized, the fragility and transience of emotional ties are crucial. It must also say that the importance of the thought was appreciated throughout the course and the outcome of this study was chosen to emphasize how powerful it is. Considering that the propositions or suggestions in sight, before anything else, "the Thinking" in the sense of preparation as output for those who experience the anguish of the decision-making than doing with their embryos.
CAPES: 1530079
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Reyes, Pedro Alonso Puentes. "O Corpo como parâmetro antropológico na bioética." Faculdades EST, 2006. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4.
Анотація:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorO ser humano como corpo é o tema central deste trabalho. A fim de se ter uma visão geral do assunto se busca, na primeira parte, saber, de maneira sucinta, qual o tratamento do corpo nas reflexões antropológicas de diversas correntes filosóficas e teológicas. A segunda parte tem como finalidade fornecer subsídios para a definição do ser humano como corpo. Para tanto se busca compreender o conceito soma em Paulo, mas não fazendo uma exegese dos seus textos, e sim tomando por base vários intérpretes do seu pensamento. A terceira parte divide-se em duas fases: inicia-se com uma análise do conceito ser humano no pensamento do biólogo Humberto Maturana. Tal procedimento busca aprofundar e ampliar a definição de que o ser humano é corpo. A seguir, estabelece-se um diálogo entre os aportes de Paulo e de Maturana a propor um esboço desse ser humano que é corpo. A quarta parte busca avaliar dois discursos bioéticos e procura delinear algumas implicações dessa definição antropológica para a bioética.
The human being as body is the central topic of this dissertation. In order to get an overview of the topic, the first part briefly discusses how the human body is dealt with in the anthropological reflections made by some philosophical and theological perspectives. The second part describes possible contributions for the definition of the human being as body. For that purpose it tries to understand the concept of soma in Pauls thinking, not by offering a direct exegesis of Pauls texts, but by refering to suggestions made by some of his interpreters. The third part undertakes an analysis of the concept of human being proposed by the biologist, Humberto Maturana. This procedure aims at elaborating on and broadening his definition that the human being is body. Then it establishes a dialogue between the views of Paul and Maturana with the purpose of delineating a concept of the human being as body. The fourth part advances some conclusions by evaluating two bioethical discourses and by sketching some implications of this anthropological definition for bioethics.
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Lucato, Maria Carolina. "O conceito de \"pessoa humana\" no âmbito da bioética brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-24102009-122706/.
Анотація:
A bioética é uma ciência que surgiu no início da década de 1970 nos Estados Unidos, com objetivo de criar uma ponte entre a ciência biológica e a área dos valores. No Brasil, a bioética chega, efetivamente, em 1995, a partir da fundação da Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética e da promulgação da Resolução 196/96 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, que regulamenta a pesquisa com seres humanos no país. A bioética possui vários modelos e dentre eles está o Personalismo Ontologicamente Fundado, criado por Elio Sgreccia. Esta linha de pensamento se funda na pessoa humana, ou seja, a pessoa deve ser o critério de avaliação frente a um dilema bioético. Toda pessoa humana é unitotalidade, dotada de uma dignidade. Ela é formada pelas dimensões física, psíquica, social, moral e espiritual. Este modelo considera que toda vida humana tem início com a fecundação e fim com a morte natural. Mas este conceito de pessoa humana não é o único no âmbito da bioética. Por isso, no presente trabalho, se pretendeu através da hermenêutica de Gadamer, identificar o conceito de pessoa humana utilizado no Brasil. Foram recolhidas 63 referências no site da Bireme através de palavras-chave identificadas na revisão da literatura. Destas referências, 50 foram lidas na íntegra e algumas categorias foram criadas para dividi-las, sendo elas: Início da vida, Final da vida, Prática da Saúde, Saúde Pública e Temas Variados. Os textos foram resumidos e interpretados com o objetivo de se identificarem aspectos relativos ao conceito de pessoa humana. Na discussão, os aspectos referentes ao Personalismo Ontologicamente Fundado foram evidenciados como contraponto de conceitos de outros modelos. E o critério utilizado no sentido de reconhecer o conceito de pessoa humana foi a experiência elementar, entendida como a experiência que cada pessoa faz, a partir de um critério de juízo, e através da correspondência com sua realidade. No Brasil, em relação ao Início da vida, os pesquisadores em sua maioria, consideram que a vida tem início em qualquer momento posterior à fecundação; diferentemente do conceito da bioética personalista que determina o início da vida na fecundação. Em relação ao final da vida, os conceitos de dividem, sendo que metade pensa na morte natural, e metade pensa que a pessoa deve ter autonomia para decidir pelo final de sua vida. Os que falam em morte natural, admitem os cuidados paliativos como saída para os doentes incuráveis se verem acolhidos em seu sofrimento, como diz também o personalismo ontologicamente fundado. Em relação à prática à saúde, a autonomia aparece predominantemente como auxiliar à prática médica, mas em alguns artigos este princípio aparece como a parte da pessoa de maior importância na relação paciente - equipe de saúde. De acordo com a bioética personalista o critério último frente à prática clínica deve ser SEMPRE a pessoa humana. Na saúde pública foram evidentes os aspectos relacionados à grupos vulneráveis e à necessidade de intervenção do Estado, tendo faltado a ênfase ao protagonismo da pessoa, da sociabilidade e da subsidiariedade. E no que tange a eugenia, os autores falaram em tolerância à ela e respeito à vontade da maioria da sociedade, enquanto a bioética personalista fala em considerar o diferente, o diverso, através do reconhecimentos de sua dignidade humana. Assim, no Brasil os conceitos relacionados à definição de pessoa humana são bastante diversos. Concluindo, é preciso fazer com que a comunidade bioética brasileira comece a considerar o conceito de pessoa do personalismo ontologicamente fundado, a partir do olhar para sua própria experiência, tendo como critério de juízo sua própria realidade. E utilizar essa experiência de pessoa nos momentos em que seja necessário decidir sobre as intervenções que se faz sobre a vida.Bioethics is a science that emerged in the beginning of the 70s in the U.S. by aiming at creating a new connection between biologic science and values. Bioethics effectively arrived in Brazil in 1995 as of the foundation of the Sociedade Brasileira de Bioética [Brazilian Bioethics Society] and the publication of Decree 196/96 by the National Health Council, which rules over research with human beings in the country. Bioethics presents several models, wherein the Ontologically Based Personalism as created by Elio Sgreccia can be found. This train of thought is based on the human person, i.e. the person needs to be the assessment criteria before a bioethical dilemma. Every human person is a unitotality who is endowed with dignity. She is formed by physical, psychic, social, moral and spiritual dimensions. This model considers that all forms of human life begin upon conception and end with natural death. But this human person concept is not the only one within the bioethical scope. Thus, we intended to identify herein the human person concept used in Brazil through Gadamer\'s hermeneutics. 63 references from the Bireme website were collected through key-words identified in the revision of the literature. From among them, 50 were read completely and some categories were created so as to divide them, namely being: Beginning of Life, End of Life, Practicing Health, Public Health and Various Subjects. The texts were summarized and interpreted by aiming at identifying aspects concerning the human person concept. Aspects regarding the Ontologically Based Personalism were evinced as counterpoint to the concepts from other models within the discussions, and the criteria used to recognize the human person concept was the elementary experience that is understood as the one each person undergoes as of judgment criteria, as well as through the correspondence to its reality. In Brazil, most researchers consider life begins at any moment after conception when referring to the Beginning of life, as opposed to the concept of personalistic bioethics which understands the beginning of a new life happens upon conception. Regarding the end of life, the concepts are divided, whereby half of researched authors admit palliative care as an exit for terminally-ill patients for them to be soothed in their suffering, just as the Ontologically Based Personalism also suggests, and the other half thinks the person needs independence to decide the end of his life, offering hence an opening to euthanasia. In regard to practicing health, the principle of independence appears predominantly as part of the base of medical practice, whereby this principle appears in some articles as the part of the person with the biggest importance in the patienthealthcare team relation. For personalistic bioethics, the ultimate criterion before the clinical practice has to serve as the foundation for the human person. Authors who work with public healthcare themes showed evident aspects related to vulnerable groups and to the need of State intervention, wherein the emphasis on the persons leadership has been missing, in addition to sociability and subsidiarity. Concerning eugenics, authors speak of tolerance toward it and respecting the will of the majority of society, while personalistic bioethics speak of considering what is different and diverse through the acknowledgment of human dignity. Thus, the concepts related to the definition of the human person are quite diverse in Brazil. In summary, it is necessary to help the Brazilian bioethical community become acquainted with the concept of the person as resumed by the Ontologically Based Personalism, by looking at our experience and by having our own reality as judgment criteria, as well as using this experience of person when it is necessary to take decisions in regard to life.
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Furtado, Rafael Nogueira. "Controvérsias sobre edição genética humana: da crise do humanismo aos impasses da modificação do DNA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20518.
Анотація:
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
This doctoral thesis consists of an analysis of controversies about human gene editing, trying to reveal different conceptions of human constructed today. Contemporary scientific development has enabled unprecedented interventions on biological phenomena, while raising new technical, ethical and social challenges. Reflecting on these challenges, philosopher Peter Sloterdijk problematizes the effects of science and technology on society, facing the crisis of traditional humanist thinking. According to the author, humanism consisted of the main instrument of human formation, elaborated by Western culture. However, such an instrument would know its exhaustion today, leading Sloterdijk to question the role of biotechnology in the production of people. Grounded on the discussion established by the philosopher, this thesis analyzes controversies about human gene editing, having documents of public domain as its empirical material . The documents were selected from databases from January, 2015 to December, 2016. They consist of scientific papers published by the journals Nature, Science, Protein & Cell and The American Journal of Bioethics, as well as statements issued by the institutions UNESCO and Hinxton Group. The theorical approach of this research leans on analysis of discursive practices and the production of meanings, elaborated by the Center for Studies and Research on Discursive Practices in Daily Life (NUPRAD) of PUC-SP. It is intended to evidence the argumentative strategies present in the opposing and favorable discourses to gene editing, elucidating the effects of this practice for the understanding of what it is to be human today
Esta tese de doutorado consiste em uma análise de controvérsias sobre edição genética humana, buscando explicitar diferentes concepções de humano construídas na atualidade. O desenvolvimento científico contemporâneo tem possibilitado intervenções sem precedentes sobre os fenômenos biológicos, suscitando, entretanto, novos desafios técnicos, éticos e sociais. Refletindo acerca destes desafios, o filósofo Peter Sloterdijk problematiza os efeitos da ciência e da tecnologia para a sociedade, em face da crise do pensamento humanista tradicional. De acordo com o autor, o humanismo consistiu no principal instrumento de formação humana, elaborado pela cultura ocidental. Contudo, tal instrumento conheceria seu esgotamento na atualidade, levando Sloterdijk a se questionar sobre o papel da biotecnologia para a produção de pessoas. Partindo da discussão estabelecida pelo filósofo, a tese analisa controvérsias sobre edição genética humana, tendo como material empírico documentos de domínio público. Os documentos foram selecionados em bases de dados, entre o período de janeiro de 2015 a dezembro de 2016. Eles consistem em artigos científicos publicados pelas revistas Nature, Science, Protein & Cell e The American Journal of Bioethics, bem como em declarações emitidas pelas instituições UNESCO e Hinxton Group. Utiliza-se como abordagem a análise de práticas discursivas e produção de sentidos, elaborada pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas sobre Práticas Discursivas no Cotidiano (NUPRAD) da PUC-SP. Procura-se evidenciar as estratégias argumentativas presentes nos discursos contrários e favoráveis à edição genética, elucidando os efeitos desta prática para a compreensão do que é ser humano hoje
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Fernandes, Elizabeth Alves. "Bioética e direitos humanos: a proteção da dignidade da pessoa humana na era da genética." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2140/tde-07072010-150239/.
Анотація:
A bioética e o direito constituem braços de proteção da pessoa humana e dos direitos humanos quando afrontados por questões relacionadas à genética. O primeiro capítulo aborda a afirmação da máxima da dignidade humana e sua importância como princípio estruturante de todo o sistema ético e jurídico. O segundo capítulo introduz a bioética. São expostos os princípios proclamados pela bioética: autonomia, beneficência, não-maleficência e justiça e estabelecida a relação necessária entre a bioética e os direitos humanos, determinando a consubstancialidade entre eles. Uma vez definida a importância da proteção da dignidade humana e a relação existente entre essa, a bioética e os direitos humanos, o trabalho expõe de forma analítica, nos capítulos sucessivos, os dois braços de salvaguarda de tal base. No primeiro deles, a ética é abordada como instrumento de proteção da sociedade que deve ser manejado segundo uma perspectiva universalista e dialógica, pois inserida em contexto democrático. No segundo deles, o direito é exposto no seu âmbito internacional, que tem consagrado declarações de direitos humanos específicas aos temas de bioética, e nacional, seja em relação ao substrato constitucional quanto ao infraconstitucional de proteção dos princípios envolvidos nas discussões bioéticas.Bioethics and Law are two complementary ways to protect the human being dignity and the human rights, when faced by questions related to genetics. This study discuss about the affirmation of the human dignity as well as its importance as structuring principle to the whole ethical and legal systems. The second chapter introduces the bioethics as well as its principles: autonomy, beneficence and justice, determining the necessary relationship between them and their consubstantiality. Once defined the human dignity importance as well as the relationship between it, bioethics and human rights, this study exposes, in an analytical way, the safeguard basis: ethics and Law. Ethics is exposed as a relevant instrument to protect the society in a universal and dialogic perspective, since inserted in a democratic context. The Law is seen on its international and constitutional spheres of human being protection.
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Strosberg, Sophia Anne. "THE HUMAN–HOOKWORM ASSEMBLAGE: CONTINGENCY AND THE PRACTICE OF HELMINTHIC THERAPY." UKnowledge, 2014. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/geography_etds/21.
Анотація:
Through a qualitative analysis of the use of intestinal parasites for treating immune system disorders, this research illustrates how contingency emerges in the context of the human relationship to hookworms. The affect of the human–nonhuman relationship is an important part of understanding the direction of evolutionary medicine today, and has implications for the politics of biological health innovations. The shift from the bad parasite to a parasite that at least sometimes heals, discursively and materially, has opened new spaces for patients to change the way they relate to medical knowledge, medical professionals, and pharmaceutical companies. Hookworms are banned by the FDA, which sets the scene for lively, but sometimes rebellious, hybridity between host and parasite. Underground and do-it-yourself hookworm therapy cultures have sprung up in around the site of the gut. I argue that not only is material hookworm affect as important as human discourses in negotiating the rapidly advancing field of biome reconstruction, but it also plays a role in how that biome reconstruction takes place, conventionally or otherwise.
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Reynier, Mathieu. "L'ambivalence juridique de l'humain : entre sacralité et disponibilité." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10022.
Анотація:
L'ambivalence entourant actuellement l'appréhension de l'humain confine parfois à l'ambiguïté. Telle est le constat auquel le chercheur se doit de faire face dès lors qu'il s'attache à étudier ce vaste sujet. Tiraillé entre deux mouvements opposés, l'humain semble osciller entre sacralité et disponibilité, entre protection et libéralisation. Il est soumis à un mouvement permanent d'appréciations contradictoires, rendant délicate, et peut être même illusoire, toute fixation d'une appréhension pérenne. Pourtant, paradoxalement, la nécessité de dégager un axiome durable destiné à guider les réflexions n'a jamais été aussi grande. Car, les développements scientifiques, la montée du libéralisme, mais également l'apparition d'un individualisme social projettent l'humain dans un mouvement utilitariste suscitant parfois l'inquiétude. L'outil juridique dans sa "rigidité" a en effet du mal à percevoir cette réalité particulière. Il n'a pas été originellement créé dans ce but. Il sait s'occuper des rapports pouvant exister entre les catégories qu'il a établies, mais rencontre quelques difficultés lorsqu'il s'agit d'appréhender une entité "hors-cadre". Dès lors, pour véritablement comprendre nous nous devons de nous installer dans une "schizophrénie" analytique. Nous devons accepter que l'humain ne représente pas en droit, une personne ou une chose, mais bien les deux à la fois. Qu'il ne peut être "sacralisé" ni rendu "disponible" complètement. Qu'il est un "tout" complexe et un "complexe" de tout, qu'il est une unicité "janusienne", une unicité à double visageThe ambivalence surrounding at present the apprehension of the human sometimes borders on the ambiguity. Such is the report which the researcher owes face since he attempts to study this vast subject. Pulled between two opposite movements, human seems to oscillate between sacrality and availability, between protection and liberalization. It is subjected to a permanent movement of contradictory appreciations, making delicate, and can be even imaginary, any binding of a long-lasting apprehension. Nevertheless, paradoxically, the necessity of loosening a sustainable axiom intended to guide the reflections was never so big. Because, the scientific developments, the ascent of the liberalism, but also the appearance of a social individualism plan human in a movement utilitarian sometimes arousing the anxiety. The legal tool in its "rigidity" indeed has difficulty in perceiving this particular reality. It was not create originally in this purpose. He knows how to take care of connections which can exist between the categories that he established, but meets some difficulties when it is a question of dreading an entity "except frame". From then on, to understand really we owesettle down in an analytical "schizophrenia". We have to accept that human does not represent in law, a person or a thing, but both at once. That he cannot be "made sacred" nor made "available" completely. That it is a "quite" complex and a "complex" of everything, that it is a uniqueness "janusienne", a uniqueness with double face
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Lacey, Justine Frances. "The ethics of patenting genetic material /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17561.pdf.
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Jorge, Marcia Delbon. ""A assistência domiciliária odontológica sob a perspectiva da bioética personalista"." Universidade de São Paulo, 2006. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-29082006-141335/.
Анотація:
O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os variados aspectos que envolvem o serviço de atendimento domiciliário odontológico, especialmente aqueles relacionados à humanização da relação profissional-paciente, ao respeito à dignidade humana quando do exercício da profissão que não em ambiente hospitalar e, ainda, os aspectos éticos relacionados a esse tipo de atividade. Ressalte-se que a presente análise não se limita a explicitar as características do serviço de atendimento domiciliário odontológico, mas dedica-se, ainda, a refletir acerca de questões bioéticas que surgem quando do exercício dessa atividade. E vai um pouco mais além, na medida em que enfoca essas questões sob a óptica do modelo personalista de bioética, que adota como ponto de partida de reflexão o ser humano enquanto pessoa única em corpo e espírito, um ser considerado na sua totalidade, pois ao mesmo tempo em que somos tão diferentes uns dos outros, somos iguais nos nossos desejos e anseios mais primitivos: viver e ser feliz.The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze some of the aspects related to the odontological homecare program, specially those related to humanization of the relations between doctor and his patients, the respect to human dignity principle when dealing with a patient in non-hospital place, such as his home, and, also, the ethics aspects related to this kind of job. It is also important to mention that this whole analysis is also dedicated to study and reflect about some important bioethics issues related to the odontological homecare program, always having in mind that every Human Being is unique, as a body, a spirit, and as a person, as thought by personalist bioethics. At the same time we, all human beings, are so different from each other, but also so similar especially concerning our most primitive desires and hopes: To live and to be happy.
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Queiroz, Carla de Alcântara Ferreira. "O USO DE CADÁVERES HUMANOS COMO INSTRUMENTO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DE CONHECIMENTO A PARTIR DE UMA VISÃO BIOÉTICA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2005. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3106.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2005-03-14Biological sciences progress has occured through the improvement of scientific techniques which has caused great advance concerning researches and teaching issues. Man has become part of experiments and his corpse got great importance among the living people, which has caused society to question in the social, moral, law, religious and medical fields, mainly regarding the use of human body or part of it in such experiments. Human Anatomy is the science which studies the human body structures and for many centuries has been using corpses as a teaching material. Dealing with death in Anatomy classes many times causes fear, dogmas, and taboos. In the past, the anatomists job was limited by the church rules, today, this study is threatened by legal, religious, and moral problems, and the lack of society awareness about the importance of donating corpses for research and studying purposes. In the face of the techical scientific discoveries in many areas, Bioethics appears rising new matters related to ethical values, concerning people´s millennial beliefs, in human sciences related to human life and death, political community, and the relationship between man and nature. This paper is concerned about showing and discussing, through a historical synthesis, the importance of corpses in building knowledge, in research and teaching, noting scientific, religious, cultural, and legal aspects which regulate the scientific progress despite all technological development. For such, we have applied 739 questionaries to both students and teachers from health field courses in the various private universities located in Anápolis and Goiânia. The results shown by the research support the assumption that both students and teachers are in favor of using human corpes for teaching and research purposes, although they do not know well the legislation regulating the use of bodies from both indigent people and those who died but had not been seeked by their respective families. This study shows the need of programs to explain and make the population aware of what spontaneous corpse donation is concerned and its importance to studies and research as well as reeducational programs or modification of those values unfit to the effective exercise of health-related professions. The starting point is in the Anatomy teaching, since the human corpse makes us rethink about human values, today due to technological advance, so much forgotten.
O progresso das ciências biológicas se deu através do aprimoramento das técnicas científicas ocorrendo com isto grandes avanços nas pesquisas e no ensino. O homem passou a fazer parte dos experimentos e o seu cadáver ganhou grande importância entre os vivos, o que levou a sociedade a inúmeros questionamentos nos campos: social, moral, jurídico, religioso e médico, principalmente no que se refere ao uso do cadáver humano ou parte dele nestes experimentos. Anatomia Humana é a ciência que estuda as estruturas do corpo humano e há séculos vem utilizando o cadáver humano como material de ensino. Lidar diretamente com a morte nas aulas de anatomia causa muitas vezes medo, dogmas, tabus. No passado, o trabalho dos anatomistas era limitado pelas normas da Igreja, sendo hoje, este estudo ameaçado por problemas jurídicos, religiosos, morais e pela falta de conscientização da sociedade sobre a importância da doação de cadáveres para o estudo e a pesquisa. Diante das descobertas tecnocientíficas nas diversas áreas, a bioética surge levantando novas temáticas relacionadas aos valores éticos, em relação às convicções milenares das pessoas, nas ciências humanas relacionadas com a vida humana e a morte, da convivência política e da relação da natureza com o homem. A preocupação desse trabalho é apresentar e discutir, através de uma síntese histórica, a importância do cadáver na construção do conhecimento do ensino e pesquisa, observando aspectos científico, religioso, cultural e legal que ditam regras as quais controlam o progresso das ciências apesar de toda tecnologia desenvolvida. Para isso foram aplicados 739 questionários, os quais foram respondidos por alunos e professores dos cursos da área da saúde das diversas Universidades privadas dos municípios de Goiânia e Anápolis. Os resultados obtidos pela pesquisa apóiam a concepção de que os alunos e professores são favoráveis ao uso de corpos humanos no ensino e pesquisa, porém não conhecem bem a legislação a qual regulamenta a utilização de corpos de indigentes e de mortos não reclamados pelas respectivas famílias. Este trabalho demonstra a necessidade de programas de esclarecimento e de conscientização da população no que diz respeito à doação espontânea de corpos para o estudo e a pesquisa e também programas de reeducação ou modificação daqueles valores que não condizem com o efetivo exercício das profissões da área da saúde. E o ponto de partida se encontra no ensino da anatomia, pois o cadáver humano nos leva a repensar os valores humanos, hoje em decorrência dos avanços tecnológicos, tão esquecidos.
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BARROCA, Natália Gonçalves. "Balizas entre a morte e o morrer com dignidade: enlace bioético -jurídico para a normatização da morte digna no Brasil." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17322.
Анотація:
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A presente dissertação pretende demonstrar a atual concepção da morte digna e sua repercussão no panorama jurídico brasileiro, abordando – inicialmente –as diferenciações médicas-jurídicas dos institutos que estudam a terminalidade da vida. Morte e morrer possuem conotações diversas e o comportamento humano na opção por uma morte digna perpassa contextos educacionais, filosóficos, jurídicos, psicológico. A inexistência expressa da garantia à morte digna no ordenamento legal brasileiro causa desamparos legais e inobservância dos princípios bioéticos, fazendo-se necessárias a regulamentação jurídica com relação ao tema, respeitando a vontade dos pacientes e retirando – quando for o caso – a possibilidade de aplicações civis, administrativas e penais aos profissionais de saúde que praticarem ou induzirem a morte de pacientes em estágio terminal da vida, explicitando os posicionamentos majoritários e as correntes doutrinárias que enfatizam a necessidade de normatização da morte digna como questão de direitos humanos. O princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana, neste cenário, constitui fundamento ao direito de morrer com dignidade, visto que é o epicentro da ordem jurídica brasileira, correlacionado com a autonomia e a justificativa para o consentimento informado dos pacientes terminais, especialmente nos casos de ortotanásia. Com isso, visamos proporcionar a compreensão do conceito humanista sobre a morte digna e as bases para a regulamentação jurídica do instituto na forma da ortotanásia.
The present dissertation has the intention to demonstrate the current conception of dignified death and its repercussion in the Brazilian juridical panorama, approaching – at first – the medical-juridical differentiation of the institutes that study life's terminality. Death and dying have diverse connotations and human behaviour in choosing dignified death permeates contexts which are educational, philosophical, juridical, psychological among others. The express nonexistence dignified death's guarantee in the Brazilian legal system causes lawful abandonment and nonobservance of bioethical principles, juridical regulation becoming necessary pertaining to the matter, respecting the patient's will and withdrawing – when necessary – the possibility of civil, administrative or penal sanctions to the health care professionals who practice or induce the death of terminal patients, explaining the major understanding and the doctrinaire lines which emphasize the necessity of dignified death's standardization as a matter of human rights. The principle of the dignity of the human person, in this scenario, constitutes foundation to the right of dying with dignity, seeing that it is the epicenter of the Brazilian legal order, correlated with the autonomy and the justification to informed consent of terminal patients, especially in cases of ortothanasia. Thereat, providing the comprehension of the humanist concept about dignified death and the foundations to the juridical standardization of the insitute, in the form of ortothanasia, was aimed.
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Leontis, Vassiliki Leonardou. "THE SOCIAL INSTITUTION OF CLINICAL RESEARCH INVOLVING HUMAN SUBJECTS: A CONCEPTUAL AND ETHICAL ANALYSIS." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1136903207.
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Andrade, Daniela Alves Pereira de. "Aspectos bioéticos envolvidos na obtenção de órgãos para transplantes : a questão do mercado órgãos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/116800.
Анотація:
O tempo de espera para obtenção de órgão para transplante constitui-se num grande problema na área da saúde em todo o mundo. O número de doadores voluntários não cresce na mesma medida da necessidade de órgãos. Diante deste quadro, surgiu um mercado ilícito de órgãos, em que os compradores e intermediadores se dirigirem aos países onde há uma porcentagem grande de população vulnerável, objetivando adquirir órgãos de indivíduos vivos, mediante pagamento. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa buscou avaliar e comparar as percepções de profissionais de saúde e da população em geral com relação à forma de obtenção dos órgãos, em especial a abordagem de mercado, e comparar a opção desinteressada com outra opção, que tem a percepção do envolvimento da necessidade pessoal ou familiar para obter órgãos com o fim de transplante, utilizando a abordagem de mercado. Para atender aos objetivos deste estudo foi elaborado um questionário para coletar a opinião dos participantes. Sua distribuição foi realizada pessoalmente, de forma aleatória, e também foi elaborada uma versão eletrônica que foi divulgada via página no facebook, criada exclusivamente para este fim. A análise das respostas obtidas foram discutidas ao nível de 5% de significância e consideradas significativas quando o valor de p foi < 0,05. Ao todo, 692 pessoas participaram da pesquisa. Foi identificado que na categoria do profissional de saúde há maior tendência do que entre aqueles que não são profissionais da saúde em discordar dos incentivos indiretos relacionados com a redução de impostos e licença remunerada de 30 dias. Estas foram as únicas associações significativas ligadas aos profissionais da saúde no estudo. A maioria dos participantes (80,1%) concordou que a doação de órgãos deve ser um ato desinteressado e estritamente solidário. Por outro lado, 52% acredita que o mercado poderia ser um sistema justo e benéfico para todos, visando ampliar a possibilidade de realização de transplantes. Em uma situação extrema, de carência absoluta de órgãos, 54,9% dos participantes indicaram que pagariam por um órgão para salvar a sua vida ou a vida de algum familiar. Nesta questão, 24,1% discordaram e 20,2% indicaram que não possuem opinião sobre o assunto.Waiting in aqueue for obtaining organ transplant constitutes a major problem in healthcare worldwide. The numbers of voluntary donors do not grow to the same extent of the need for organs. Given this situation, there was an illicit market for organs, in which buyers and intermediaries to address the countries where there is a large percentage of low-income population, aiming to acquire organs from living individuals, through payment. In this context, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the perceptions of health professionals and the general public regarding the method of obtaining the organs, especially the market approach and compare the disinterested option with another option, which has the perception of involvement personal or family need for organs for the purpose of transplantation, using the market approach. To meet the objectives of this study, a questionnaire was developed to collect the opinions of participants. Its distribution was held personally randomly and was also prepared an electronic version of the questionnaire was disseminated via facebook page created solely for this purpose. The analysis of the responses were discussed at 5% significance and considered significant when the p value was <0.05. In all, 692 people participated in the survey. It was identified that the health professional category there are more likely than among those who are not health professionals to disagree on the indirect incentives related to the reduction of taxes and paid leave of 30 days for those who make donations. These were the only significant associations related to health professionals throughout the study. Most participants (80.1%) indicated that agree that organ donation must be a disinterested and strictly act of solidarity. On the other hand, 52% believe that the market for organs could be fair and beneficial system for all in order to extend the possibility of performing transplants. In an extreme situation, absolute shortage of organs, 54.9% of respondents indicated they would pay for an organ to save your life or the life of a family member. On the same question, 24.1% disagreed and 20.2% indicated that they have no opinion on the matter.
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GATTI, CHIARA. "LA PERSONA UMANA IN UNA SOCIETA' PLURALE. ANALISI CRITICA DEL PENSIERO DI H.T. ENGELHARDT JR." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10370.
Анотація:
Il presente lavoro approfondisce il pensiero di H.T. Engelhardt Jr. dal momento che la sua produzione permette di soffermarsi sul concetto di persona umana, concetto chiave per dirimere le questioni bioetiche che emergono nella società contemporanea caratterizzata da un intrinseco pluralismo. Dopo aver fornito un quadro dei caratteri della società postmoderna e della lettura che ne dà Engelhardt, sono stati analizzati i punti fondamentali del suo pensiero volto a sostenere una morale di tipo minimale e procedurale. Di contro alla sua impostazione, una corretta semantizzazione del concetto di persona umana risulta fondamentale per garantire la tutela di ogni essere umano rispetto alle questioni che sorgono intorno all’inizio e alla fine della vita e per riaffermare il potere della ragione umana di comprendere a fondo la realtà e di fornire una morale di tipo sostanziale. L’analisi infine della produzione di Engelhardt che scaturisce da un approccio fideistico alla fede cristiana è illuminante poi per avere un quadro completo del suo pensiero e per comprendere a fondo le radici della sfiducia che egli ripone nella ragione.This dissertation explores the thought of H.T. Engelhardt Jr. since its production can dwell on the concept of human person, the key concept for resolving bioethical issues that arise in contemporary society characterized by intrinsic pluralism. After providing an overview of the characteristics of postmodern society and reading that gives Engelhardt, have been analyzed the fundamental points of his thought which supports a type of a minimal and procedural moral. In contrast to his setting, a proper semanticization of the concept of human person is essential to ensure the protection of every human being with respect to issues that arise around the beginning and the end of life and to reaffirm the power of human reason to understand in depth reality and provide a type of substancial moral. Finally the analysis of production of Engelhardt springing from a fideistic approach to the Christian faith is enlightening then to have a complete picture of his thought and to fully understand the roots of mistrust that he puts in reason.
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Brown, Dwight G. "Human genetic concept attainment in secondary biology students through the use of specifically constructed bioethical case studies and a student decision-making model." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1117112.
Анотація:
The purpose of this study was to determine if the use of specifically constructed case studies and a student Decision-Making Model facilitated learning genetic concepts of high school biology students. The study also sought to determine if there were a relationship between: (a) teachers' knowledge of genetics (b) student attitude towards the use of the case studies and student Decision-Making Model and student genetic concept attainment.The population of this study consisted of 54 high school biology teachers and 2,330 high school biology students. The teachers selected for this study attended one of eight Project "Genethics" workshops conducted in the summer of 1993, and funded by either the National Science Foundation, Greenwall Foundation, or Chicago Public Schools. These two week workshops were conducted by mentor teachers trained by the staff of Human Genetics and Bioethics Educational Laboratory (HGABEL).The data gathered through HGABEL's (a) teacher post-test, (b) student pre/post-tests, and researcher designed teacher portfolios (including a student survey) were analyzed using Pearson productmoment correlation coefficient (r and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with an a = .05. There was found no significant difference between the control group (those classrooms who did not use the case studies and student Decision-Making Model) and the experimental group (those classrooms who did use the case studies and student Decision-Making) on the genetic concept attainment as measured by the HGABEL student post-test.The use of case studies and the student Decision-Making Model allowed students who used them to perform essentially the same on the student post-test as the those students who did not use them even though both groups spent identical instructional time teaching genetics (control 1,568.5 minutes, experimental 1578.5 minutes). The students in the experimental group were also given the benefit of practicing and possibly gaining skills in bioethical decision-making without the loss of concept learning..Department of Biology
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Bergesch, Karen. "O debate sobre o conceito de pessoa no tema dos transplantes de órgãos e tecidos: desafios bioéticos para o aconselhamento pastoral." Faculdades EST, 2006. http://tede.est.edu.br/tede/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=12.
Анотація:
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoEvangelischer Entwicklungsdienst
Igreja Evangélica de Confissão Luterana no Brasil
O presente trabalho propõe refletir sobre o conceito de pessoa na esfera interdisciplinar da Bioética, voltando-se para o Aconselhamento Pastoral. Para tanto, utiliza o tema dos transplantes de órgãos. Ao interar-se sobre a realidade dos transplantes de órgãos, tal como se manifesta na medicina, no direito e na reflexão filosófica, o Aconselhamento Pastoral atualiza seu fazer teológico prático de acompanhamento de pessoas envolvidas no transplante e de suas famílias, o que ocorre a partir do conhecimento de seus medos e cuidados necessários, característicos de cada fase. O primeiro capítulo propõe uma aproximação da realidade dos transplantes através de 4 casos. O segundo capítulo apresenta o debate atual sobre o conceito de pessoa, a partir de 5 correntes filosóficas que recebem destaque no debate bioético e da antropologia cristã. O terceiro capítulo volta-se para a legislação brasileira referente ao tema da transplantação. O último capítulo, enriquecido com os conteúdos precedentes, por sua vez, apresenta uma contribuição prático-teológica para o tema proposto a partir da compreensão da comunidade terapêutica. Pessoa é um tema central, cuja compreensão deve ser constantemente situada no tempo e no espaço, a fim de que a dignidade humana possa ser respeitada.
The present paper intends to approach the concept of person in the interdisciplinar context of Bioethics, focusing on Pastoral Counseling. Therefore, it uses the theme of organ transplantation as framework. By studying the reality of organ transplantation as it is currently presented by disciplines such as Medicine, Law and Philosophy, the Pastoral Counseling updates its Theological practice of supporting people who are involved in the process of transplantation and their families. This demands the knowledge of their fears as well as of all necessary cares, which vary according to the different stages of transplantation. The first chapter proposes an approach of the reality of transplantation through 4 different cases. The second chapter presents the current debate about the concept of person, according to 5 different schools, as it takes place in Bioethics, and according to Christian Anthropology. The third chapter goes into the Brazilian law regarding the issue of transplantation. The last chapter, once enriched by the precedent discussions, develops a Practical-Theological contribution to the issue of transplantation by means of the concept of Therapeutic Community. The person is a capital concept and therefore it must be constantly updated in time and space in order that human dignity can be respected.
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Marco, Anelise Rigo de. "Novos direitos no Estado democrático de direito: limites éticos e jurídicos em pesquisas científicas." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2411.
Анотація:
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Na sociedade contemporânea, o homem moderno, em sua sede de conhecer e dominar, por meio da ciência e utilizando a razão, empreende métodos que lhe permitem os mais surpreendentes avanços científicos e tecnológicos, como é o caso das pesquisas e terapias com células-tronco embrionárias. A utilização da clonagem terapêutica e de embriões excedentes produzidos através de técnicas de fertilização in vitro faz emergir a problemática do começo da vida humana e as contradições acerca dos riscos e dos benefícios das terapias. Nesse contexto de riscos e incertezas diante dos novos direitos, a bioética se configura num sistema baseado na reflexão crítica e na busca por caminhos eticamente sustentáveis. Na tentativa de reduzir os riscos do uso de células-tronco embrionárias em terapias, a responsabilidade ética e o princípio da dignidade humana constituem fundamentos do pensamento bioético e ponto de partida para a formulação de limites jurídicos que, por sua vez, permeiam as decisões presentes e as possibilidades futu
In the society contemporary, the human being, with all the will to know and control, using the science and the reason, develop methods that permitt amazings scientific and biotecnology advances, as the cases of research and terapies with embryonic stem cells. The using of therapeutical cloning and of excesses embryos produced through tecniques of fertilization in vitro makes the problematic of the human life beginning shows up, as well as contradictions about the risks and benefits of the therapy. Among risks and insures ahead of the new rights, the bioethics configures itself on a system based on the critical reflection and on the search for ways ethicly sustainable. Trying to reduce risks using embryonic stem cells on therapies, the ethic responsability and the human dignity principles build the bedding of the bioethics thoughts and, starting point to formulate the legal limits that, on its turn, permeate the present decisions and the future possibilities
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Hansson, Mats G. "Human dignity and animal well-being a Kantian contribution to biomedical ethics /." Uppsala : Stockholm, Sweden : [Uppsala University] ; Distributor, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 1991. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/24766855.html.
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Ochin, Cynthia. "Dignité humaine et droit de la génétique." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AZUR0023.
Анотація:
Les lois de bioéthique concernent la génétique et incluent l’encadrement des biotechnologies. Le droit devait impérativement intervenir en ce domaine. Cette étude propose de s’intéresser aux rapports qu’entretiennent la dignité et un droit de la génétique émergent. Chaque manipulation génétique est observée sous le prisme de la dignité humaine qui doit être préservée, en tant que principe fondamental. L’objet de l’étude est d’analyser la compatibilité de la science au droit et notamment à ce principe, socle du droit de la bioéthique. Ainsi, ce droit émergent n’autorise les manipulations du génome humain qu’en cas de compatibilité avec la dignité. Toutefois, cette étude tente de démontrer que la dignité est peut-être elle-même instrumentalisée par un droit qui se trouve, finalement, au service de la science. L’idée est d’empêcher un certain scientisme grandissant en dénonçant l’utilisation de la dignité et ce notamment dans la protection de l’humanité et dans le contrôle de la modification de l’espèce humaine. La dignité doit faire rempart à toute forme d’instrumentalisation du vivant humain. Or, un certain nombre de manipulations génétiques sont autorisées, la plupart du temps sous conditions strictes et cumulatives. Le droit français encadre un certain nombre de pratiques génétiques impliquant le génome humain, qu’il soit perçu dans sa dimension collective ou individuelle, dans la limite du respect d’un caractère thérapeutique prouvé ou qui ne risque pas d’entraver la sauvegarde de la dignité de la personne humaine. Enfin, cette étude tend à affirmer que la dignité fait office de curseur des manipulations génétiques. Outil de régulation et de réglementation, elle semble instrumentalisée par le droit de la génétique pour satisfaire les exigences scientistes de la société, sous couvert d’un bénéfice pour l’humanitéBioethical laws deal with genetics and biotechnology, fields where legal intervention and oversight is imperative. The current study examines the relationship between human dignity and these nascent laws. Each genetic manipulation is considered through the lens of human dignity, as a fundamental principle which must be conserved. The goal of this study is to analyse scientific accountability in regards to bioethical laws. These emergent laws authorize manipulations of the human genome only insofar as the procedures preserve human dignity. At the same time, this study attempts to demonstrate that dignity may be being used as a tool by legal concepts which find themselves subservient to science. It is thus arguably necessary to forestall a growing scientism by denouncing the appropriation of the concept, especially in regards to protecting humanity and controlling the modification of the human race. Human dignity must act as a safeguard against all forms of unethical utilisation of the human being. Nonetheless, a certain number of genetic manipulations are authorized, typically under strict and cumulative conditions. French laws provide the framework for some practices which implicate the human genome, considered both collectively and individually, for therapies which have already become routine, or which do not hinder the preservation of the patient’s dignity. Ultimately, this study adopts the perspective that the concept of human dignity is a determinant factor in the authorisation or interdiction of genetic manipulation. Implicated in both the organisation and the application of genetic laws, human dignity today appears subservient to these laws, satisfying the demands of a scientist society, under the guise of a benefit to humanity
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Mondo, Emilie. "European Culture Wars? Abortion and Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research (1998-2015)." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/277249.
Анотація:
This research addresses the conflictualization dynamics induced by the politicization of religion at the supranational level. It tests the Union’s institutional capacity to routinize dissension, temper animosities, and reconcile divergences in the light of religiously-loaded, issue-specific controversies. So-called “morality issues” such as abortion or human embryonic stem cell research emerged onto the EU agenda at the end of the 1990s. The main sites of bioethical contention correspond to the European Parliament and Commission arenas, where political, social, and religious entrepreneurs have been pursuing ideological interests of either liberal or conservative nature. We developed an interpretative approach to their discourses and perceptions through the qualitative content analysis of semi-structured interviews and online documentary sources. A key task consisted in determining whether one observes the routinization of bioethical conflicts by European institutions (“business-as-usual” scenario) or whether the said conflicts are remaining extrinsic to the Brussels political game (“culture wars” scenario). In other words, is the emergence of new stakes – morality issues – prompting the emergence of new divisions and repertoires of action? We put to the test the normal course of EU politics in the light of (1) the structuration of morality divides along religious, political, and national frontlines; and (2) the materialization of morality antagonisms through discursive, bureaucratic, and mobilization weapons. Overall, the “polarization” and “political style” variables showed that the supranational debates on abortion and hESCR do not fully alter the logics of supranational governance; in return, the EU polity is not closed to the crystallization of politicized modes of dissent expression. The hypothesis of an intermediary scenario oscillating between policy-seeking and position-taking perspectives is thus confirmed. On the one hand, issue-specific alliances characterized by internal multifold diversities do play the institutional rules of the European political game in their quest for ideological influence on the decision-making process. On the other hand, limited supranational competences on religiously-loaded issues constrain conflicting factions’ leeway to a symbolic use of morality causes and beliefs as instrumental devices worth of credit-claiming and identity-posturing.Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Krahn, Timothy. "Reflections on the Law and Ethics of Regulating Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis in the United Kingdom." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/30172.
Анотація:
The purpose of this thesis is to query the legitimacy of offering preimplantation genetic diagnostic (PGD) testing against Down's syndrome on the basis of United Kingdom (UK) law and policies. I will argue that extending PGD testing for Down’s syndrome as a permissible use of this technology does not (straightforwardly) adhere with the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) Code of Practice's stated factors which are to be considered when assessing the appropriateness of PGD applications. Indeed, due consideration of the evidence given in the relevant literature about the capacities and quality of life possible for persons living with Down's syndrome would seriously call into question the validity of a positive judgment recommending PGD as a treatment service for Down's syndrome according to the current UK regulatory instruments. I end the thesis by considering why the HFEA's relatively recent decision to limit client access according to an exclusive list of "serious" and therefore "in principle" test-worthy genetic conditions—understood as legitimate applications for PGD—stands to entrench prejudice, stigma, social bias, and unfair discrimination against the disadvantaged social group of persons living with Down's syndrome.
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Araujo, Virginia Novaes Procópio de. "O ato médico no crime de tortura." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2136/tde-29102012-163521/.
Анотація:
A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se a legislação pós Segunda Guerra Mundial foi apta a inibir o comportamento maleficente de médicos no auxílio em especializar, dissimular e acobertar a tortura. Nesse sentido, pretende-se demonstrar o envolvimento médico com experimentos em seres humanos durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial e corroborar que a maleficência médica, todavia, ainda nos dias de hoje é empregada na sociedade contemporânea, permitindo aos profissionais de saúde, desde o período da Guerra Fria, o envolvimento com a tortura e a consequente violação dos princípios da Bioética, especialmente, na conjuntura atualíssima da guerra norte-americana contra o terrorismo. Em um segundo momento, o intuito é propor soluções, caso se verifique que a legislação e os demais esforços se demonstrem contraproducentes, tendo em vista as noções de Bioética, as normas de Direito Internacional e os Direitos Humanos.The present research aims to verify if legislation created after World War II was able to inhibit maleficent behavior from medical doctors in the improvement and cover-up of torture. This study aims to demonstrate the medical involvement in experiments with human beings during World War II and confirm that medical maleficence was and still is part of our reality, allowing doctors to involve with torture since the Cold War until current days, especially in the United States war on terrorism, violating the basic principles of Bioethics. Secondly, if legislation and overall efforts prove to be inoperative and inefficient, the objective is to propose solutions, in light of notions of Bioethics, rules of International Law and Human Rights.
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Oliveira, Ana Carolina Gondim de Albuquerque. "Corpos estranhos? Reflexões sobre a interface entre a intersexualidade e os direitos humanos." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/4378.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-15Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
Between the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries mankind has built as metanarrative belief that truth is the subject of rights in being male or female, causing the human to materialize only in the context of binary sex, disregarding any other form of embodiment. Some people are born with different embodiment of the considered normal, with characteristics of both sexes. They are called the medical discourse of intersex. By transgressing the binary model, these people are relegated to the margins of society, moreover, are relegated to the social invisibility, and repeatedly, raped for their human dignity. This work proposes a reflection on the interface between intersexuality and human rights from the analysis of how the medical and legal knowledge legitimize the sexual binarism and its name, violate the rights and deny personhood to human intersex. The structure of this dissertation is divided into three chapters. In the first chapter an analysis was performed on the construction of bodies as a tool sociocultural- historical concepts such as from the body, gender and sex in the perspective of Michel Foucault, Judith Butler, Bernice Bento, Thomas Laqueur and how legal discourse using these concepts and produces a dogmatist who assumes to know the characteristics of the male from the reflections of Frances Olsen and Carole Pateman. In the second chapter it was analyzed that the medical discourse on intersexuality from the concept, and some type of technical management of intersex bodies and the protocols of surgery grinding sex. Also in the second chapter, was used the prospect of George Canguilhem and Thomas Kuhn to understand the concepts of normality and abnormality are political and cultural rather than biological or natural aimed at discussing the depathologization of intersexuality. In the third and last chapter, it was discussed about how the law legitimizes sexual binarism in scientifically supported biomedical discourse and the practice of surgery that define sex in intersex people hurt human dignity from the analysis of the principles that guide the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. As conclusion it appears that the impotence of the human face of stiff biological destiny transforms human life in a compelling and uncompromising determinism incompatible therefore with the principle of human dignity which justifies the theory of human rights.
Entre os séculos XVII e XVIII a humanidade construiu como metanarrativa a crença que a verdade do sujeito de direito está no ser masculino ou feminino, levando o humano a se concretizar apenas na perspectiva do sexo binário, desconsiderando qualquer outra forma de corporalidade. Há pessoas que nascem com corporalidade diferente da considerada normal, com características de ambos os sexos. São denominadas pelo discurso médico de intersexuais. Por transgredirem o modelo binário, essas pessoas são relegadas à margem da sociedade, outrossim, são relegadas à invisibilidade social e, reiteradas vezes, violadas em sua dignidade humana. A presente dissertação propõe uma reflexão sobre a interface entre a intersexualidade e os direitos humanos a partir da análise de como os saberes médico e jurídico legitimam o binarismo sexual e, em seu nome, violam direitos e negam a condição de pessoa humana aos intersexuais. A estrutura desta dissertação está dividida em três capítulos. No primeiro capítulo foi realizada uma análise sobre a construção dos corpos como uma ferramenta sócio-histórico-cultural a partir de conceitos como corpo, gênero e sexo na perspectiva de Michel Foucault, de Judith Butler, de Berenice Bento, de Thomas Laqueur e como o discurso jurídico se utiliza desses conceitos e produz um saber dogmático que assume as características do masculino a partir das reflexões de Frances Olsen e Carole Pateman. No segundo capítulo foi analisado o discurso médico sobre a intersexualidade a partir do conceito, da tipologia e de algumas técnicas de gerenciamento dos corpos intersexuais, bem como os protocolos das cirurgias retificadoras do sexo. Ainda no segundo capítulo, foi utilizada a perspectiva de George Canguilhem e Thomas Kuhn para compreender que os conceitos de normalidades e anormalidade são políticos e culturais e não biológicos ou naturais objetivando a discussão sobre a despatologização da intersexualidade. No terceiro, e último capítulo, foi realizada a discussão sobre como o Direito legitima o binarismo sexual amparado cientificamente no discurso biomédico e como a prática das cirurgias que definem o sexo nas pessoas intersexuais ferem a dignidade humana a partir da análise dos princípios que norteiam a Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos. Nas considerações finais constata-se que a impotência da pessoa humana diante da rigidez do destino biológico, transforma a vida humana em um determinismo irrefutável e inflexível, incompatível, portanto, com o princípio da dignidade da pessoa humana que justifica a teoria dos direitos humanos.
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Dailler, Tatiana. "La peau humaine en droit privé." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0123.
Анотація:
La peau humaine est un élément singulier qui recouvre le corps et permet à chacun de bénéficier du sens du toucher. Qualifiée de tissu du corps humain, la peau est aujourd’hui soumise au même régime juridique que celui qui s’applique à l’égard du corps humain. Pourtant, si la peau est indéniablement une enveloppe qui entoure le corps et le protège, elle est également proche de la personne puisqu’elle en constitue l’apparence, renferme des éléments de son identité et contribue à son identification. Par conséquent, la peau recouvre la surface du corps et désigne aussi la personne, ce qui en fait un élément frontalier du corps et de la personne. Ainsi rattachée aux deux entités dominantes que sont la personne et le corps, la peau doit être envisagée dans une relation ternaire qui la placerait au centre des liens entretenus entre la personne et son corps. D’une part, la peau n’est pas seulement un élément du corps humain puisque la personne bénéficie d’un droit d’effectuer des choix concernant sa peau, voire de la modifier. D’autre part, la peau n’est pas seulement un élément rattaché à la personne puisqu’elle renferme le corps et en constitue une protection. Par conséquent, si ce lien entre la peau et la personne doit être mis en exergue, il doit également se conjuguer avec le lien qui existe entre la peau et le corps, afin d’assurer, non seulement une cohérence entre les différents principes juridiques qui s’appliquent alternativement à la peau en fonction de son entité de rattachement mais également, de garantir une protection effective de la peau quelle que soit cette entité de rattachementHuman skin is a singular element that covers the body and allows everyone to benefit from the sense of touch. Described as a tissue of the human body, now the skin is subject to the same legal system enforced to the human body. However, if the skin is a protecting body shell, it is also akin to the person herself because it compose her appearence, contains elements of her identity and conduce to her identification. Therefore, if the skin covers the entire body, it also constitute the person. This makes of the skin a border element of the body and the person. Connected with this two dominant entities (person and body), the skin must be construed in a ternary relationship wich would place it in the center of the links between the person and her body. Indeed, the skin is not only an element of the human body because the person benefits from a right to make choices concerning it, even to modify it. But the skin cannot either only be an element of the person because it contains the body and constitutes a protection. However, if this link between the skin and the person must be hightlighted, it also has to merge with the link between the skin and the body to assure, on one hand, a coherence between the various legal principles alternately applied to the skin, according to its entity of pertaining, and, on the other hand, to guarantee an effective protection of the skin whatever is this entity of pertaining
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Morrison, Christa (De Swardt). "Human stem cell research : tracking media attention in time from 1998-2005." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1043.
Анотація:
Thesis (MA (Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.Moral questions arising from advances in science and technology are proliferating exponentially. Much controversy surrounds the ways in which biotechnology is used to eradicate a vast range of diseases and injuries. Stem cell research is one such way. Throughout the world stem cell research has been met with varying responses that range from opposition and criticism to approval and advocacy. As a result, it has attracted significant attention from the news media. The media have been accused of bias by focusing only on the controversial aspects of the research as opposed to reporting fully and fairly on the remarkable scientific advances. In this study I look at the patterns of media attention paid to stem cell research in the international weekly magazine Time between November 1998 and September 2005 inclusive. Contrary to the results expected on the basis of my literature study which pointed out the notion that the media tend to focus on sensational news more than non-controversial issues, I found that Time did a fair job in reporting on the scientific aspects of stem cell research. The percentage content of articles by year, focusing on scientific information of stem cells, dominated other news frames. The two years following the 2000 and 2004 American presidential elections, are however marked by the dominance of policy frames. This study found that Time covered controversial issues like embryonic stem cell research, public funding debates and political policy development in direct relation to their rise and fall on the political agenda in the United States.
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Cunha, Maria de Fátima Diz Fernandez da. "Bioética e direitos humanos na formação de enfermeira." Programa de Pós- Graduação em Enfermagem da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/9571.
Анотація:
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A formação de enfermeiras, com o desafio da transformação acelerada da realidade social e da escala de valores, tem passado por mudanças que colaboram nas sucessivas estruturações dos projetos pedagógicos. Com intuito de despertar a reflexão e o senso crítico dos estudantes, foi proposto esse estudo exploratório, descritivo e de natureza qualitativa, tendo como objeto as contribuições dos conteúdos de bioética e direitos humanos na formação de enfermeiras. A questão de pesquisa foi quais são as contribuições que os conteúdos de bioética e direitos humanos trazem para a formação de enfermeiras, na perspectiva de graduandas de enfermagem. Objetiva conhecer as contribuições dos conteúdos de Bioética e Direitos Humanos na formação de enfermeiras na perspectiva de graduandas de dois cursos de Enfermagem da cidade de Salvador-Ba. Metodologia: as colaboradoras foram graduandas de Enfermagem que cursavam os quatro últimos semestres de dois cursos. Após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa foi efetuada a coleta das informações através de entrevista aberta guiada por três questões: a) Como foram apresentados os conteúdos de bioética e direitos humanos no currículo de graduação por você vivenciado? b) Quais os conteúdos relativos à bioética e direitos humanos que estiveram presentes durante o período de sua formação profissional como enfermeira? c) Fale-me sobre as contribuições que os conteúdos de bioética e direitos humanos deram à sua formação profissional de enfermeira. A análise compreensiva possibilitou a construção de cinco categorias empíricas: Como foram introduzidos os conteúdos de bioética, direitos humanos e deontologia na formação profissional de enfermeiras; Apresentando as estratégias de ensino aprendizagem utilizados na disciplina bioética; Avaliando as contribuições dos conteúdos de bioética e direitos humanos para sua formação profissional; Estabelecendo estratégias e condutas diante de dilemas éticos/bioéticos durante sua formação profissional e Expressando críticas aos conteúdos e as estratégias metodológicas no processo ensino aprendizagem Diante do exposto, foi possível conhecer as contribuições dos conteúdos de bioética e direitos humanos na formação profissional de enfermeiras e como estes estão sendo apresentados em duas instituições de ensino de Salvador. Concluiu-se que nas instituições estudadas, o ensino da bioética e dos direitos humanos no modelo de ensino aprendizagem que está posto e utilizado, para esses conteúdos, não dá conta da especificidade destes para promover uma reflexão e o desenvolvimento do senso crítico na graduanda de enfermagem durante a sua formação. A transversalidade foi percebida apenas em uma das vinte e três entrevistas. Serão importantes novos estudos que envolvam o docente, as facilidades e dificuldades enfrentadas para o ensino da bioética, despertando o interesse para a sua formação/capacitação, bem como a formulação de novos projetos pedagógicos que redirecionem o ensino destes conteúdos que se encontra no enfoque deontológico, centrado em discussões conceituais, para um ensino transversal, por meio de estratégias pró-ativas que incentivem a reflexão, conseqüentemente, a formação do senso crítico cidadão.
Salvador
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Robert, Dominique 1950. "Humane bioethics : medicine, philosophy, religion and law." Thesis, McGill University, 2001. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=31531.
Анотація:
This thesis is about the content and concerns of each of four disciplines pertaining to the field of bioethics: medicine, philosophy, religion and law. Emphasis is put on the human values each reflects in patients' lives. A last chapter is dedicated to patients' narrative in order to bring a practical perspective to the discussions of the previous chapters. The four essential human values interconnecting among the four disciplines are: the patients' need for authority, the need for protection, the existential questioning about the meaning of life, and the fear of death.
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Anciaux, Nicolas. "Essai sur l’être en droit privé." Thesis, Paris 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA020069.
Анотація:
Sous la bannière de « l’être », le discours du Droit et son interprétation rallient hommes, embryons, robots, animaux, personnes morales et entreprises : il réunit ceux qui agissent tant dans le réel que dans la sphère juridique. En mobilisant concepts et techniques de qualification, le Droit leur réserve un destin différent. Un système cohérent s’élevant de l’être émerge. L’étude de la personnalité juridique, concept analytique et fondamental, permet d’observer le destin des êtres dans le monde juridique. Elle est une abstraction tantôt d’ordre égalitariste, lorsque des hommes en bénéficient, tantôt d’ordre finaliste, lorsque des groupements en jouissent. Tous les êtres du discours du Droit ne relèvent pas de la qualification de personne. Mais parce que l’existence est, pour les hommes, une expérience corporelle, le corps humain mérite exploration : son étude complète le système de l’être. Entre personne et chose, la qualification de l’enveloppe charnelle commande de distinguer le statut du corps vivant en « entier » de celui de ses émanations. Le pouvoir de la personne sur son corps est distinct de celui qu’elle exerce sur ses émanationsUnder the banner of « beings », men, embryos, robots, animals, legal persons and firms are named as such by the law and those who interpretate it. This word unites those who act both in the reality and within the legal « world ». Through its concepts and qualification technics, private law grants them a separate fate. A coherent system arises. The study of legal personnality, regarded both as an analytical and basic concept, reveals the fate of theses beings in private law. When granted to men, legal personnality is an egalitarian abstraction ; when granted to organizations it is a specialized abstraction. All « beings » in private law do not rise to the status of « person ». But human existence is a bodily experience. Only the study of the legal status of human body will complement the system. The status on the humain body differs whether the whole body or its elements are considered : it varies between property and person
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Goldim, José Roberto. "O consentimento informado e a adequação de seu uso na pesquisa em seres humanos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/139196.
Анотація:
O objetivo deste estudo foi o de verificar a adequação do uso do Consentimento Informado em participantes de projetos de pesquisa na área da saúde, através da avaliação integrada de seus componentes de informação e consentimento. Foram realizados três estudos. Os dois primeiros envolveram aspectos da avaliação da capacidade das pessoas e do repasse de informações, sendo preparatórios ao terceiro. A amostra do terceiro estudo foi constituída por 59 participantes de seis projetos de pesquisa. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando testes paramétricas, não-paramétricas e Análise de Correspondência. A avaliação do componente de informação incluiu a análise da dificuldade de leitura dos Termos de Consentimento Informado. Dois destes documentos apresentaram estrutura de texto considerada difícil e os outros quatro, estrutura muito difícil, utilizando-se os Índices de Legibilidade. Todos os 59 indivíduos foram considerados capazes de tomarem decisões para participarem de uma pesquisa. A maioria dos participantes afirmou ter recebido explicações prévias (52,8%), ter compreendido as informações (55,9%), não ter recebido resposta às suas dúvidas (76,3%) e achado inacessível o Termo de Consentimento Informado (74,6%). Os participantes não lembraram, seletivamente, dos riscos do projeto. As conclusões foram: que os Termos de Consentimento Informado tinham textos compatíveis com escolaridade mais elevada que a da maioria dos participantes; que os riscos não foram relembrados pela maioria dos participantes; que 44,1% das pessoas convidadas autorizaram a sua participação nos projetos de pesquisa sem terem compreendido o que lhes estava sendo proposto em termos de procedimentos, riscos ou benefícios.The objective of this dissertation is to examine the adequacy of informed consent instruments used in health research projects involving human subjects, through an integrated analysis of the information and consent components which are part of informed consent. The project was divided into three studies. The first two studies were related to the evaluation of people' s capabilities and of how information was given. These were carried out in preparation for the third study. The sample for this third study was constituted of 59 people who had participated in six different research projects carried out at Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA). The data were statistically analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests, as well as correspondence analysis. The evaluation of the information component included an analysis of the degree of difficulty involved in reading and understanding the six different lnformed Consent Forms analyzed. For that, the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Levei was used. The textual structure of two of these documents was considered difficult, whereas the structure of the remaining four documents was considered very difficult. Ali of the 59 participants were considered capable of deciding whether or not to participate in a research project. The majority of the participants reported that they had received explanations prior to signing the consent form (52.8%), that they had understood the information (55.9%), that they had not received answers to questions raised (76.3% ), and that they were unable to understand the lnformed Consent form (74.6%). The participants did not selectively remember the risks involved in the particular research projects they had participated in. Based on the results, it is possible to conclude that the lnformed Consent Forms had been written for readers with more schooling than most of the participants; that most participants were not able to remember the risks involved in the research projects they had participated in; that 44.1 °/Ó of those invited to participate in a project had consented to do so without understanding what was being proposed in terms of procedures, risks, or benefits.
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Barbieri, Renata Vanzella. "A DOAÇÃO DE ÓRGÃOS POST MORTEM: O DIÁLOGO DA LEI ESPECIAL E DOS DIREITOS DA PERSONALIDADE NO TOCANTE A AUTONOMIA DA VONTADE SOB A LUZ DA BIOÉTICA E DA DIGNIDADE DA PESSOA HUMANA." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2012. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/2678.
Анотація:
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Previous issue date: 2012-11-23It this paper to analyze the apparent conflict of rules in the Brazilian legal system that has in the donation of organs, tissues and body parts postmortem. These standards refer to the Brazilian Civil Code, in particular personality rights and the law n º 9434/97 specifically provides that this theme. The apparent conflict arises from the autonomy of the donor in life to manifest positively about donating organs, tissues and body parts, in accordance with the order of the need for tort and family permission to carry out the removal and transplantation of such organs accordance with special legislation which has on this, regardless of the wishes of the donor. Starting from the historical aspect, we analyze the current and classical ethics, public and private, as well as the human dignity, fundamental rights and bioethics and its principles. Furthermore, we analyze the donation contract as legal transaction, acts inter vivos and causa mortis, its formation and its effects. In particular, we analyze the historical evolution of the special law (9434/97) which deals with the donation of organs, tissues and body parts, as well as personality rights entered into the civil code in force. To the conclusion that the conflict is only apparent standards, we use the legal hermeneutics and his classic system of conflict resolution, personality rights and bioethical principles, as well as the statements from the days of civil promovidospelo Studies Center judicial - CEJ - Council of the Federal Court - CJF, who directs the legal community when interpreting civil law.
Trata o presente trabalho de analisar o aparente conflito de normas existentes no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro no que dispõe a doação de órgãos, tecidos e partes do corpo post mortem. Tais normas referem-se ao código civil brasileiro, em especial os direitos da personalidade e a lei nº 9434/97 que dispõe especificamente deste tema. O aparente conflito surge da autonomia do doador em vida de manifestar-se positivamente sobre a doação de órgãos, tecidos e partes do corpo, de conformidade com a ordem civilista e da necessidade de autorização familiar para a realização da remoção e transplante de tais órgãos, consoante com a legislação especial que dispõe dobre o assunto, independente da vontade do doador. Partindo do aspecto histórico, analisamos a ética clássica e atual, a pública e privada, bem como, a dignidade da pessoa humana, os direitos fundamentais e a bioética e seus princípios. Ademais, analisamos o contrato de doação como negócio jurídico, atos inter vivos e causa mortis, sua formação e seus efeitos. Em especial, analisamos a evolução histórica da lei especial (9434/97) que trata da doação de órgãos, tecidos e partes do corpo, bem como, os direitos da personalidade inseridos no código civil vigente. Para a conclusão de que o conflito de normas é apenas aparente, utilizamos a hermenêutica jurídica e seu clássico sistema de solução de conflitos, os direitos da personalidade e os princípios bioéticos, bem como, os enunciados oriundos das jornadas de direito civil promovidospelo Centro de Estudos Judiciários CEJ do Conselho da Justiça Federal CJF, que orienta a comunidade jurídica quando da interpretação da legislação civil.
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Arrighi, Anne-Claire. "La condition pénale de l'enfant avant sa naissance : de la non-reconnaissance à la protection." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROD001/document.
Анотація:
Débat social et juridique, la condition pénale de l’enfant à naître s’est, dans un premier temps, cristallisée autour de la question de l’interruption volontaire de grossesse. Cette question a ensuite trouvé un prolongement dans la jurisprudence criminelle relative à l’atteinte involontaire à la vie d'un enfant à naître. La situation pénale de l’enfant avant sa naissance est caractérisée par une absence de reconnaissance de sa qualité de victime. Les interrogations relatives à la condition juridique de l’enfant conçu ont également été renouvelées par les différentes lois bioéthiques et le sort réservé aux embryons surnuméraires. L’indétermination du statut juridique de l’enfant avant sa naissance trouve des éléments de réponse dans la confusion notionnelle qui règne autour de la notion de personne. Parallèlement, une analyse erronée des législations qui autorisent les atteintes portées à la vie embryonnaire sclérose sa situation juridique. La condition pénale de l’enfant avant sa naissance doit évoluer vers une reconnaissance de sa personnalité humaine. Les notions consubstantielles de personne humaine et de dignité sont les outils notionnels au service de la reconnaissance pénale de l’être avant sa naissance. Cette protection pénale de la vie anténatale doit s’organiser parallèlement à la protection pénale de la liberté procréative de la femmeSocial and legal debate, the criminal condition of the unborn child has first centered around the issue of termination of pregnancy. This issue has then found an extension in criminal case-law concerning the involuntary infringement on the life of the unborn child. The criminal situation of the child before his/her birth is characterized by a lack of identification of its status as a victim. The questions about the legal status of the conceived child have also been renewed by the various laws on bioethics and the fate of surplus embryos. Some answers about the indeterminate character of the legal status of the child before his/her birth can be found in the notional confusion which surrounds the notion of person. At the same time, an erroneous analysis of the legislations which allow attempting to damage the embryo’s life block the evolution of its legal status. The criminal condition of the unborn child must tend towards a recognition of his/her human personality. The consubstantial notions of human being and dignity will be the notional tools helping to acknowledge the criminal status of the person before his/her birth. This criminal protection of the pre-birth life must be concomitantly organized with the criminal protection of the liberty of a woman to conceive a child
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Motta, Kátia Borges. "Direitos reprodutivos, direitos humanos e bioética: repercussões éticas e jurídicas do projeto monoparental feminino." Universidade do Vale do Rio do Sinos, 2007. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/2399.
Анотація:
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O tema dos direitos reprodutivos, tal como grande parte das demandas da atualidade, reveste-se de complexidade, seja por sua ligação com a biociência e tecnologia com sua dinâmica peculiar e seus ambíguos efeitos , seja por ter sua origem ligada às demandas feministas o que lhe predispõe a interpretações parciais e ou “partidárias”. A presente dissertação propõe-se, assim, a enfrentar o tema dos direitos reprodutivos levando em conta a complexidade que lhe é inerente, e que se manifesta de maneira explícita no exemplo adotado, do projeto monoparental feminino no qual a mulher solteira, utilizando-se de técnica de inseminação artificial com sêmen de doador, pretende formar uma família monoparental, composta apenas por mãe e filho, sem o estabelecimento de vínculo afetivo ou sexual com um homem. Na busca das repercussões éticas e jurídicas que emanariam do projeto monoparental feminino, a pesquisa parte de duas análises centrais: uma bioética, no primeiro capítulo, com o estudo dos modelos principialista e
The subject concerning reproductive rights, as most of the demands nowadays, is very complex, not only because of its links with biosciences and biotechnology with its particular dynamics and ambiguous effects , but also because of its origins in feminism which makes it very likely to partial and/or partidary interpretations. Therefore, the present dissertation intends to face the issue of reproductive rights taking into consideration its inherent complexity, which is very clear in the chosen example of the single woman project of parenthood in which a single woman, addopting the use of artificial insemination with a donor’s semen, has the intention to form a family composed only by a mother and a child, without establishing affective or sexual bonds with a man. Searching the ethical and juridical consequences that would arise from the single woman project of parenthood, this research starts from two main analysis: a bioethical one, in the first chapter, with emphasis in the principalist and personalist m
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Neller, Anna Grace. "Parenting Children with Profound Short Stature in the Post-Genomic Era." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1467215580.
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Urel, Isadora. "Técnicas de reprodução humana assistida - entre a medicina e o direito: as famílias do amanhã." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2017. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/20680.
Анотація:
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The purpose of this dissertation is to demonstrate the absence of laws regarding assisted human reproduction techniques (TRHAs) and the disorders caused, especially in family law, that this legislative vacuum has provoked. The use of TRHAs and other means that also include the “surrogacy”, have been increasingly accessible to the different social strata of the Brazilian population. There seems to be a need for broad and consistent legislation on the subject in a country where the first “test-tube baby” was born more than three decades ago. Although Brazil has not legislated on the subject already exist alien legislations that will be approached
A presente dissertação tem por objetivo demonstrar a ausência de leis a respeito das Técnicas de Reprodução Humana Assistida (TRHAs) e os transtornos causados, em especial no Direito de Família, que esse vácuo legislativo tem provocado. A utilização das TRHAs e outros meios que também incluem a “barriga de aluguel”, têm sido acessíveis, cada vez mais, às diferentes camadas sociais da população brasileira. Tudo indica que se faz necessário uma legislação ampla e consistente a respeito do assunto em questão, num país em que o primeiro “bebê de proveta” nasceu há mais de três décadas. Apesar do Brasil não ter legislado sobre o tema já existem legislações alienígenas que serão abordadas