Дисертації з теми "Household energy systems"
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Björk, Erik. "Energy Efficiency Improvements in Household Refrigeration Cooling Systems." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-93061.
Повний текст джерелаQC 20120411
Schutte, Adriaan Nicholaas. "A bi-directional, direct conversion converter for use in household renewable energy systems." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1726.
Повний текст джерелаA bi-directional, direct conversion switch-mode converter is proposed for use in distributed household renewable energy systems. The converter is intended as the central interface between the household energy system’s low voltage Direct Current bus and the high voltage Alternating Current bus. The low voltage DC bus is connected to renewable generation and storage devices, while the high voltage AC bus is connected to the user’s equipment and the mains grid. The converter overcomes the inherent reverse-duty cycle problem associated with bi-directional converters by using a combination step-up / step-down half-bridge converter on the high voltage side of a high frequency transformer. The low voltage side of the transformer is driven by a full bridge inverter that acts as a rectifier during reverse mode. In order to control the flow of power in both directions the converter implements Average Current Mode Control. A method is developed to determine the transfer functions of common switch-mode converters by inspection alone. This method is applied to the proposed converter, and both current and voltage mode control loops are designed with the frequency response method. The control system is implemented using a Digital Signal Processor. A method of simultaneously simulating both the converter hardware and software is developed using VHDL. This method greatly reduced the development effort of the converter. The operation of the proposed converter is verified through this method of simulation. A prototype converter is constructed and successfully tested, thereby proving the viability of the proposed converter topology and control methodology.
Oladokun, Michael Gbolagade. "Dynamic modelling of the socio-technical systems of household energy consumption and carbon emissions." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2827.
Повний текст джерелаKjeang, Are. "Goda råd är inte dyra! : Om personlig energirådgivning i ett alltmer digitaliserat samhälle." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper (from 2013), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-68486.
Повний текст джерелаAtt använda energin effektivare än vad som görs idag inom både industri, transporter och byggnader är en väg till ett mer hållbart samhälle. Den rika delen av världen har här ett speciellt ansvar. I Sverige har den kommunala energirådgivningen under närmare fyrtio år varit ett av statens styrmedel för att på olika sätt bistå lokala beslutsfattare att effektivisera energianvändningen, men också öka andelen förnybar energi i systemet. Denna licentiatavhandling har studerat energirådgivningen under tidsperioden, men också dokumenterat och analyserat rådgivningen ur ett samhällsperspektiv. Forskning visar att i ett alltmer digitaliserat samhälle behöver energirådgivningen utvecklas för att bättre nå målgrupperna - hushåll, småföretag och organisationer. Internet är idag den vanligaste sökvägen för de som önskar information kring energirelaterade frågor. Digitala tjänster ger många möjligheter, men den viktiga personliga kontakten med energirådgivare går inte att ersätta fullt ut. I studien har fokusgrupper, intervjuer och samtal med energirådgivare, villaägare och enskilda experter genomförts och analyserats. Resultat visar att den personligt genomförda rådgivningstjänsten är efterfrågad, angelägen och framgångsrik när byte av värmesystem, större ombyggnationer eller nybyggnationer är aktuellt. Studien visar också att personliga samtal med energirådgivare är värdefullt för att pröva idéer och lösningar som är hämtade från internet samt att hemmet är den lämpligaste platsen för framgångsrik rådgivning. I denna situation är rådgivarens sociala kompetens central. Kvinnors synpunkter och erfarenheter har ofta gått förlorade. Vidare har ett för stort fokus lagts på tekniska detaljer och lönsamhet, medan många beslut tas av miljöskäl eller sociala orsaker som upplevd ökad komfort. Energirådgivningen kan bli mer framgångsrik, men då krävs ett större kommunalt engagemang och en tydligare samverkan med andra statliga styrmedel.
Improving the efficiency of energy use across all the sectors – industrial, transport and households – is one of the many necessary approaches to be adopted to ensure sustainable development. The countries of the developing world have to play a key role in such a transition. In Sweden, for close to half a century now, the municipal energy-advising function has been a governmental instrument to support decision-makers in bringing about systemic changes to improve energy efficiency on the one hand and the share of renewable energy in the mix, on the other. This licentiate thesis has its focus on this function over the said time-period. It has also documented and analysed the energy-advising function from a social perspective. The research shows that in an increasingly-digitalised society, energy-advising must be developed further to be able to reach and impact different categories of energy users – households, small and medium scale enterprises and organisations – more effectively. The Internet happens to be the first resort of most people seeking information on energy-related issues, these days. Digital services do offer a range of possibilities but cannot substitute for the much-needed personal contact, which is provided by the energy-advising function. In this thesis, focus groups, interviews and conversations with energy advisers, homeowners and experts have been availed of, and subsequently analysed. The results also show that personal energy advice is actually popular, indispensable and effective, where replacement of interior heating systems, refurbishment or new building constructions are concerned. This research also shows that interactions with energy advisers are useful to test and verify the suitability of ideas and solutions obtained from the Internet. Besides, the home in which these solutions may eventually be tried out, is the perfect place for having such conversations. In this context, the social skills of the energy adviser assume paramount importance. It has been noticed that the viewpoints and experiences of women in households have often been ignored. Further, the focus on finding solutions has sometimes been narrowed down to the technical and economic aspects, while at other times, decisions have been based on environmental or social factors like maintenance of comfort levels. In order to make the energy advising function more effective and avail of what it has to offer for the journey towards greater sustainability, it needs to be given the importance it deserves by the municipalities and there is also a need of stronger interplay among the other governmental instruments.
Bo och leva energieffektivt. Kommunal energirådgivning som medspelare i människors vardag
Bengtsson, Peder. "Apply heat pump systems in commercial household products to reduce environmental impact : How to halve the electricity consumption for a household dishwasher." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48132.
Повний текст джерелаThe competition in the household appliances industry is strong. Manufacturers are continuously trying to develop, produce and sell product functions and features with good profit. To continually develop new features that the customer chain is willing to pay for is a key factor for a manufacturer to survive. In this study has a heat pump system been added as a new feature to a dishwasher. The first heat pump dishwasher was introduced on the market in 2014 and the heat pump system was only used to heat the dishwasher. Comparing that first heat pump dishwasher was a new closed drying method introduced in this study where no humid air evacuates to the kitchen. Experiments and simulations showed that a dishwasher with an added heat pump system can decrease the total electricity consumption by 50% when cleaning and drying the dishware comparing to an on market conventional dishwasher. The willingness from the customer chain to pay extra for this heat pump dishwasher is because of the decreases in electricity consumption and the fact that no humid air evacuates to the kitchen. This willingness makes the heat pump dishwasher to a variant which have possibility to succeed on the future market.
Hassling, Andreas, and Simon Flink. "SYSTEM IDENTIFICATION OF A WASTE-FIRED CFB BOILER : Using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression modeling (PLS-R)." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för ekonomi, samhälle och teknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-34979.
Повний текст джерелаMoran, Enrique. "Improving waste management systems from households in Peru. : An economic, social and ecologic profitable investment." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för byggd miljö och energiteknik (BET), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54504.
Повний текст джерелаBennich, Amelie. "Improving energy security for individual households during outages : A simulation study for households in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets fysik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-374825.
Повний текст джерелаHaluza, Miroslav. "Využití znalostních systémů a bází pro výběr a hodnocení domovních elektroinstalací." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-364605.
Повний текст джерелаOpio, Peter. "Household energy information management system for Africa : a Ugandan case study." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/11145.
Повний текст джерелаAn information database built through regular planned surveys in a comprehensive manner is the objective of this study. A foundation for periodic up-date of household energy is necessary and requires a proper institutional or structural set up that gives priority to household energy issues. This study explores the fundamental need to shift away from the current ad hoc surveys to a more reliable, systematic, comprehensive and financially effective way of conducting household energy surveys to generate household energy information that is representative of national picture and which supports effective planning and policy-making. Promotion of the importance of the household energy sector in terms of social equity and improved living standards is vital for investors, developers, financiers and policy-makers and planners to improve the sector. Thus the study addresses the appropriate way of obtaining comprehensive household energy information and harmonized data collection methodology through cooperation in information exchange amongst African countries to achieve comparability of data for a common African energy database.
Bengtsson, Peder. "Increasing the value of household appliances by adding a heat pump system." Licentiate thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för ingenjörs- och kemivetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-33596.
Повний текст джерелаAhmed, Alia Amber. "Techno-economic analysis of PV and energy storage systems for Swedish households." Thesis, KTH, Kraft- och värmeteknologi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278165.
Повний текст джерелаI takt med att fler länder använder sig mer av förnybar energi, ökar opålitligheten i kraftsystemet på grund av förnybar energis intermittenta natur. Flexibilitetslösningar från konsumenter som kan både producera och konsumera el är en lösning för att förse stabilitet till kraftsystemet. Hushåll med både PV och batteri studeras för detta ändamål i detta examensarbetet där följande flexibilitetstjänster för både hushållet och elnätet studeras: Öka egenkonsumtionen av solel, kapning av effekttoppar, energiarbitrage samt tillhandahålla frekvensregleringens reserver FCR-N, FCR-D, aFRR och mFRR. Varje hus antas ha en 10 kW installerad kapacitet för PV och 7.68 kWh för batteriet. Tjänsterna studeras i programmet HOMER Grid och modelleras i olika skalor för att undersöka hur elkonsumtionen i aggregerade nivåer påverkar dessa tjänster. Fallstudierna är ett enskilt hus, en överbelastad transformator, en samling av hus samt i nationell skala. För de aggregerade fallstudierna kommer den potentiella kapaciteten för PV baseras på Energimyndighetens målbild för produktion av solel och antalet batterier är inspirerade av ett av de ledande länderna i Europa inom energiinstallationer, Tyskland. Resultaten visar att för ett enskilt hushåll ökar egenförbrukningen och självförsörjningen som mest med både batteri och PV. Batteriet var mest effektiv med att minska effekttopparna och den totala elkostnaden när eltariffen innehöll både effekttariffen och tidstariffen. PV systemet med batteriet hade då en återbetalningstid på 14 år. Med endast tidstariffer visar resultatet att de månatliga effekttopparna ökar med tilläggen av batteriet. För de aggregerade fallstudierna visar resultatet att decentraliserade batterier inte är lika effektiva att minska effekttopparna om de varar mer än några timmar. På nationell skala visar resultaten att 20% av den sammanlagda batterikapaciteten är tillräcklig för att förse cirka 70–100% av varje frekvensreserv. Den högsta besparingen för hushållen för den nationella fallstudien fås när både av de primära frekvensreserverna, FCR-N och FCR-D tillhandahålls av de aggregerade batterierna, tillsammans med tjänsterna för att öka PV-konsumtionen, kapning av effekttopparna och energiarbitrage. Batteriets återbetalningstid reduceras då till 11 år. Känslighetsanalysen visar att de kostnader som påverkar batteriets återbetalning mest är investeringskostnaden och effekttariffen.
Li, Yapeng. "Dynamic energy demand prediction and related control system for UK households." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/2824.
Повний текст джерелаSizmaz, Sezgi. "Optimization of a small-scale polygeneration energy system for a household in Turkey." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200815.
Повний текст джерелаMed hänsyn till miljön har alternativa lösningar för att generera elektricitet och samtidigt minska förbrukningen av fossila bränslen fått en stor betydelse. Polygenerering är en av dessa lösningar som också är kapabel att öka dent tekniska prestandan av elproduktionen. System för sådan kombinerad produktion är tillgängliga i sto, medelstor och liten skala. Denna studie fokuserar på småskaliga polygenereringssystem, speciellt för bostäder. Typ och storlek på komponenterna och driftstrategin för systemet spelar en viktig roll vid designav polygenereringssystem eftersom dessa faktorer påverkar systemkostnaden och även har miljöpåverkan. Denna studie syftar till att vara en guide för komponentval, dimensionering och beskriva en lämplig operativ strategi för en fördefinierad systemkonfiguration.Beslutskriterier definieras för komponentval genom en omfattande litteraturöversikt. Förbränningsmotorer, stirlingmotorer, mikro gasturbiner och bränsleceller undersöks med avseende på dessa kriterier. Detta ger användaren en insikt i komponentval. I kombination med faktorer som marknadsförhållanden, plats och i synnerhet hushållens efterfrågeprofil, kan ett urval enkelt göras av kunden. För komponentdimensionering och operativ strategi, har en modell utvecklats i Matlab. Ett referenssystem med en fördefinierad systemkonfiguration och operativ strategi definierades och modellerades. Referenssystemet innefattar en drivmotor, en reservpanna (backup), ett kompressordrivet kylaggregat, ett termiskt energilager och solfångare för det egna varmvattenbehovet. Driftstrategin definieras att följa behovet av termisk energi. För fallstudien ändrades denna modell för olika driftfall med avseende på den operativa strategin och systemkonfiguration, för att identifiera den optimala lösningen för användaren där den totala årliga kostnaden minimeras samtidigt som det uppfyller alla typer av slutanvändarkrav på en enfamiljs-hushåll i Ankara, Turkiet. Resultaten ger också insikter om effekten av att ha solfångare och en termisk energilagring i kombination med en CHP-enhet på det övergripande systemet.
Ruokamo, E. (Enni). "Household preferences for energy goods and services:a choice experiment application." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2019. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526221885.
Повний текст джерелаTiivistelmä Tämä väitöskirja koostuu kolmesta tutkimuksesta, joissa tarkastellaan kotitalouksien preferenssejä energiahyödykkeitä ja -palveluita kohtaan. Ensimmäinen tutkimus keskittyy kotitalouksien lämmitysjärjestelmävalintoihin ja niitä määrittäviin tekijöihin. Tämä tutkimus on tehty valintakoemenetelmällä, jonka valintatilanteet sisältävät kuusi eri päälämmitysjärjestelmävaihtoehtoa (kaukolämpö, maalämpöpumppu, puulämmitys, pellettilämmitys, varaava sähkölämmitys ja poistoilmalämpöpumppu). Päälämmitysjärjestelmiä kuvataan viiden ominaisuuden avulla, jotka ovat tukilämmitysjärjestelmä, investointikustannukset, käyttökustannukset, käyttömukavuus ja ympäristöystävällisyys. Tulosten mukaan kotitalouksien preferenssit päälämmitysjärjestelmävaihtoehtoja kohtaan ovat vaihtelevia. Valintaan vaikuttavat sekä tarkastellut ominaisuudet että kotitalouden demografiset tekijät. Tulokset myös paljastavat, että kotitaloudet suhtautuvat myönteisesti hybridilämmitykseen. Toinen tutkimus on menetelmällinen, missä hyödynnetään ensimmäisen tutkimuksen aineistoa. Tämä tutkimus keskittyy yksilöiden kokeman vastaamisen vaikeuden vaikutuksiin valintakoemenetelmässä. Vastaamisen epätarkkuus tunnistetaan valintakoemenetelmässä skaalan ja skaalavarianssin avulla. Tutkimus tarkastelee, kuinka itsearvioidut vastaamisen vaikeutta mittaavat tekijät vaikuttavat keskimääräiseen skaalaan ja skaalavarianssiin valintojen ekonometrisissa malleissa. Tulosten mukaan koettu vastaamisen vaikeus vaikuttaa systemaattisesti ekonometrisen valintamallin parametreihin. Vastaamisen vaikeutta mittaavien tekijöiden välillä on kuitenkin eroja. Tuloksien perusteella vastaajat, jotka kokevat valintatilanteisiin vastaamisen keskimääräistä vaikeampana, tekevät satunnaisempia valintoja. Myös valintatilanteiden koettu realistisuus vaikuttaa skaalaan ja skaalavarianssiin. Kolmannessa tutkimuksessa arvioidaan kotitalouksien halukkuutta osallistua energian kysyntäjoustoon valintakoemenetelmällä. Tämä tutkimus selvittää ovatko kotitaloudet halukkaitta siirtämään sähkönkulutusta ja lämmitystä, ja kuinka kiinnostuneita he ovat dynaamisista sähkön hinnoittelusopimuksista kuten pörssisähkösopimuksesta, yösähkösopimuksesta tai tehoperusteisesta sopimuksesta. Lisäksi tutkitaan vaikuttavatko järjestelmätason päästövähennykset kotitalouksien valintoihin. Tulosten perusteella kotitaloudet suhtautuvat sähkönkulutuksen rajoituksiin selvästi negatiivisemmin kuin lämmityksen rajoituksiin. Kotitaloudet myös vaativat rahallista korvausta valitakseen pörssisähkösopimuksen kiinteähintaisen sopimuksen sijaan. Tulosten mukaan markkinoilla voisi olla tilaa uudenlaisille sopimustyypeille, kuten tehoperusteiselle vaihtoehdolle. Tulokset osoittavat, että kotitaloudet arvostavat järjestelmätason hiilidioksidipäästövähennyksiä. Täten rahallisen korvauksen lisäksi on olemassa myös muita arvoa luovia tekijöitä lisätä kotitalouksien osallistumista kysyntäjoustoon
Flink, Julia. "The effectiveness of different heating systems in New Zealand households : A study of energy performance by IDA Indoor Climate and Energy." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-120158.
Повний текст джерелаBauer, Michael, Andrea Höltl, and Roman Brandtweiner. "Greener households? The effectiveness of smart meters in reducing energy consumption levels in the DACH region." WIT Press, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5886/1/SDP130209f.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаLorenzo, Guevara Emiliano Gabriel. "Design of an Off-grid PV System for Households in Perú and Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34132.
Повний текст джерелаPå grund av global uppvärmning och Parisavtalet från 2015, måste länderna byta sina energikällor till förnybara alternativ. För vissa länder, som Perú, är el från förnybara källor fortfarande en ny teknik. Dess elbehov beror helt och hållet på traditionella vattenkraftverk och termiska anläggningar. Trots den höga solinstrålningen vid kusten och i Anderna (bergskedja som går genom hela den sydamerikanska kontinenten) är el från PV inte utvecklad och den täcker knappt 1 % av den nationella elproduktionen. Sverige producerar på motsvarande sätt sin högsta andel av el från vattenkraftverk. Den resterande delen av elbehoven täcks av kärnkraftverk och förnybar energi som biomassa och vindkraft jämfört med de termiska anläggningarna i Perú. De flesta fattiga invånarna i Perú bor i Anderna, särskilt i avlägsna byar, bortkopplade från det nationella elnätet och blir således lidande under de kalla vintrarna. På grund av deras låga energibehov är det inte lönsamt för elföretag att förse dem med elektricitet. I Sverige är det dock annorlunda. Befolkningen har 100 % tillgång till elektricitet. Trots det är priserna för underhåll av anslutning till elnäten höga och återkommande strömavbrott på grund av dåligt väder är vanligt, särskilt på landsbygden. Detta ger upphov till idén om att koppla bort från nätet och producera egen elektricitet med exempelvis solcellssystem. Arbetet i denna uppsats består av en konstruktion av ett off-Grid system med solceller som använder batterier för energilagring, både för en by högt upp i Anderna i Perú (Ungalluta 2) och för en mindre befolkad by på landsbygden i mitten av Sverige (Gåsborn). Systemen är beräknade både för hand och med mjukvara (PVSyst) med verkliga komponenter för att analysera kostnaden och möjligheten att helt och hållet leva på solenergi. Vid val av komponenterna har lägsta pris varit en prioritering. För Ungalluta 2, med ett behov på 17.1 kWh/d (11 personer), behövs 13 solcellsmoduler och en batterikapacitet på 1600Ah (Bly-syra). Den ursprungliga investeringen uppgår till 21540 EUR och återbetalningstiden till 40 år där modulerna byts ut efter 25 år på grund av degradation. För Gåsborn, med ett behov på 36.44 kWh/d (genomsnittet for en Svensk familj med barn), behövs 42 solcellsmoduler och en batterikapacitet på 2850Ah (Litium) vilket ger en negativ återbetalning även om solcellsarean ökas för att täcka hela året (mer än 400 solcellsmoduler). Detta beror på att solinstrålningen är låg under vintern och att behovet måste täckas med stora mängder diesel och med en backupgenerator. Efter att ha analyserat resultatet är det möjligt och genomförbart att bygga solcellssystem för de byborna i Anderna i Perú men de kommer att behöva kapital från regeringen (hög initial kostnad). För Sverige, är det varken lönsamt eller miljövänligt att vara helt beroende på solenergi utan andra förnybara källor så som vind måste komplettera den för att kompensera den låga solinstrålningen och för att reducera dieselförbrukningen.
Quiggin, Daniel. "Modelling the expected participation of future smart households in demand side management, within published energy scenarios." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2014. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/16220.
Повний текст джерелаSyed, Usman Hassan. "Estimation of Un-electrified Households & Electricity Demand for Planning Electrification of Un-electrified Areas : Using South Africa as Case." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-125590.
Повний текст джерелаAbushnaf, Jamal. "Smart home energy management: An analysis of a novel dynamic pricing and demand response aware control algorithm for households with distributed renewable energy generation and storage." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2017. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1982.
Повний текст джерелаRadebe, Thandwefika. "Are solar home systems a more financially viable method of electrifying Ghana households?" Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33001.
Повний текст джерелаLewis, James R. "Modelling complex human-based industrial systems." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95884/1/James_Lewis_Thesis.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAngenendt, Georg [Verfasser], Dirk Uwe [Akademischer Betreuer] Sauer, and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Engel. "Operation, optimization and additional market participation of households with PV battery storage system and power-to-heat application / Georg Angenendt ; Dirk Uwe Sauer, Bernd Engel." Aachen : Universitätsbibliothek der RWTH Aachen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1217789839/34.
Повний текст джерелаLöfström, Erica. "Visualisera energi i hushåll : Avdomesticeringen av sociotekniska system och individ- respektive artefaktbunden energianvändning." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema teknik och social förändring, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-11936.
Повний текст джерелаOne problem in promoting sustainable energy use is that energy is taken for granted. Energy as resource needs to be made visible. This dissertation aims to develop knowledge that can contribute to more sustainable development by analyzing different ways to visualize domestic energy systems. Three different forms of visualization are analyzed: a locally situated heating-system, the Power Aware Cord, and a diary method. How people understand their energy use is analyzed using a modified version of domestication theory as developed by Silverstone et al. (1992). Another focus is the paradox that forms of visualization themselves risk becoming invisible by virtue of being domesticated. The heating system still does not function as intended, and the non-functioning of the heating system has been the most effective means of visualizing the system. The solar collectors are visible and are a dominant element of the area’s architecture; this has helped visualize, make people aware of, and confer an understanding of the sun as an energy source. A technical control room and technicians have also helped visualize the existence of the heating system. The system as a whole, and the households’ own parts of it, has been visualized. The Power Aware Cord is the general shape of an extendable power strip, with the additional integration of voltage-measuring electronics and electroluminescent wire. This additional wire contains a phosphor layer that glows when an altering current is introduced. The cords’ strength lies in visualizing the household energy use of particular electrical devices. The time diary method visualizes the household members’ individual and inter-related ctivity patterns in a broader, more general way. The analysis shows that the already invisible resource energy, which has been made doubly invisible through domestication, can be de-domesticated through the domestication of forms of visualization. At the same time, the forms of visualization themselves risk being made invisible by being domesticated; for forms of visualization to have any lasting effect, strategies for avoiding this must be developed.
Al, Naami Adam. "Techno-economic Feasibility Study of a Biogas Plant for Treating Food Waste Collected from Households in Kartamantul Region, Yogyakarta." Thesis, KTH, Energi och klimatstudier, ECS, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-228232.
Повний текст джерелаDenna avhandling visar potentialen för biogasproduktion med hjälp av matavfall som samlats från regionen Kartamantul i Yogyakarta, Indonesien. Biogas kan användas för matlagning och elproduktion. Studien jämför två olika slutanvändningar eller marknader för att utnyttja biogasen i regionen. Det dagliga matavfallet som samlas i regionen Kartamantul är 120 ton. Detta motsvarar en daglig biogasproduktion på 13 087 m3. Elektricitet som genereras från biogas kan ersätta fossilbaserad koldioxid, medan tillagning av biogas kan ersätta det gemensamma fossila bränslet flytande petroleumgas (LPG). Priset för att sälja en kWh el till det statligt ägda företaget PLN är 16,5 USD cent. Priset för att sälja en m3 biogas för matlagning är 38,5 USD cent, vilket motsvarar det tillgängliga priset på LPG. Studien konstaterar att den undvikna utsläppet på grund av substitutionen av fossilbaserad kolkraft och matlagning av gasol är cirka 64 GgCO2-ekv per år. Med tanke på de ekonomiska resultaten för en livslängd på 20 år i det första utnyttjandegradet ger Biogas for Electricity ett nettopåverkande värde (NPV) på 2 MUSD medan för utnyttjandegraden Biogas for Cooking ger ett nettoförskott (NPV) på 5,82 MUSD. Breakeven för biogas för el är 13,8 USD cent per kWhe medan för Biogas for Cooking är 25,5 USD cent per m3-biogas. Studien drar slutsatsen att det är möjligt att investera i AD-anläggningar i regionen Kartamantul där båda marknaderna är lönsamma och miljövänliga.
Maitan, Andre Raj. "Aplicação do modelo discreto-contínuo para o caso da escolha do sistema de aquecimento de água domiciliar e o efeito sobre o consumo de energia elétrica." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8480.
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Our target here is to understand how non observables factors on water heating choice can affect electricity usage by individual consumers. In order to understand this, we will apply a discrete/continuous model in order to understand the impact of household water heating system discrete choice on household electricity consumption, continuous choice. First it was used a LOGIT model as a way to understand which variables influence consumer discrete choice. Hereafter with Discrete model results we verified if consumer choice is relevant on electricity consumption intensity. Hausman method results demonstrated that if we do not specify discrete choice at continuous model, it will bring biased estimators to our model, this occurs due to the fact that discrete choice variable is significant and it helps to explain continuous model. Results show that we have roughly 10% differences on estimators when we ignore discrete choice. It’s important to note that this kind of miscalculation can bring a important difference on government investment decision. This work and the results obtained reinforced Dubbin and McFadden (1984) work that it was used as principal reference to this work.
O objetivo deste trabalho passa por entender o impacto dos fatores não observáveis na escolha do sistema de aquecimento de água na intensidade do consumo de eletricidade domiciliar. Para isto será aplicado um modelo discreto-contínuo para entender o efeito da escolha discreta do tipo de aquecimento de água domiciliar sobre o consumo de energia elétrica do mesmo domicílio, escolha contínua. Primeiramente foi usado um modelo LOGIT e por meio deste foram entendidos os fatores que influenciam a escolha discreta do consumidor. Com os resultados encontrados na escolha discreta, temos em um segundo momento que constatar se esta escolha é significante para a intensidade do consumo de energia elétrica. Os resultados obtidos usando o método de Hausmann demonstraram que ignorar este fator (escolha discreta) pode levar a estimadores viesados para a parte contínua do modelo, ou seja, a escolha discreta é significante e ajuda a explicar o consumo de energia elétrica domiciliar. Os resultados mostraram que temos diferenças de até 10% no estimador obtido quando ignoramos este fator. É importante notar que este tipo de falha no cálculo, pode trazer problemas na decisão e na quantidade de investimento de um país. Além disso, os resultados reforçaram e ratificaram o trabalho desenvolvido por Dubbin e McFadden (1984) que foram usados como base para o estudo.
Черкашина, Галина Ігорівна. "Підвищення енергоефективності системи електропостачання за рахунок управління електричним навантаженням у побутовому секторі". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/17133.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation for the degree of technical sciences candidate by specialty 05.14.02 – power plants, networks and systems. – NTU "KhPI". – Kharkiv, 2015. The dissertation is devoted to theoretical substantiation and scientific problem solution concerning designing techniques of residential consumers’ electric load management. The techniques are brought to the stage of practical application to result in electric load leveling and power supply mode balancing in the residential sector. To solve this problem, a new residential power supply scheme is worked out with the ability to control the load assigned. The type and the main characteristics of household consumers-regulators are specified to allow controlling them through the day. Household consumers’ motivation for rendering of the "regulation services" is based on a proposed payment methodology taking into account participation in the load management. The overall effect of the electric load leveling based on the developed load management techniques within the United Power System of Ukraine is assessed and compared with the introduced management system cost to show the economic expediency of its implementation.
Черкашина, Галина Ігорівна. "Підвищення енергоефективності системи електропостачання за рахунок управління електричним навантаженням у побутовому секторі". Thesis, НТУ "ХПІ", 2015. http://repository.kpi.kharkov.ua/handle/KhPI-Press/17119.
Повний текст джерелаThe dissertation for the degree of technical sciences candidate by specialty 05.14.02 – power plants, networks and systems. – NTU "KhPI". – Kharkiv, 2015. The dissertation is devoted to theoretical substantiation and scientific problem solution concerning designing techniques of residential consumers’ electric load management. The techniques are brought to the stage of practical application to result in electric load leveling and power supply mode balancing in the residential sector. To solve this problem, a new residential power supply scheme is worked out with the ability to control the load assigned. The type and the main characteristics of household consumers-regulators are specified to allow controlling them through the day. Household consumers’ motivation for rendering of the "regulation services" is based on a proposed payment methodology taking into account participation in the load management. The overall effect of the electric load leveling based on the developed load management techniques within the United Power System of Ukraine is assessed and compared with the introduced management system cost to show the economic expediency of its implementation.
Donnellan, Brett John. "Household Energy System Sizing Technique to Minimise Household Energy Cost and Estimate Optimal System Size." Thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/2440/136631.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 2022
"Dispatch Strategy Development for Grid-tied Household Energy Systems." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.29931.
Повний текст джерелаDissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Engineering 2015
Bhupathiraju, Praneeth Varma. "Deep Neural Networks Based Disaggregation of Swedish Household Energy Consumption." Thesis, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-20095.
Повний текст джерелаReinhardt, Walter William. "Knowing more, using less : the prospects for household-led change in energy and Water Systems." Phd thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150746.
Повний текст джерелаGwerder, Yvonne Alexandra Vogt. "Life Beyond the Grid: A Life-Cycle Sustainability Assessment of Household Energy Demand." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/86761.
Повний текст джерелаEste trabalho avalia a sustentabilidade associada à satisfação das necessidades de eletricidade e aquecimento em casas sem acesso às redes de abastecimento convencionais, realizando um estudo que combina Avaliação da Sustentabilidade de Ciclo de Vida (LCSA) e Análise de Decisão Multicritério (MCDA) aplicado a duas casas nessas condições em Benfeita, uma pequena vila de Portugal que atraiu uma comunidade com consciência ecológica. Foram selecionadas duas casas (1 e 2) como casos de estudo por possuírem necessidades energéticas e acesso a recursos energéticos endógenos distintos, que exigem o uso de diferentes tecnologias, tornando-as representativas dos diversos desafios de viver sem acesso às redes convencionais. A Casa 1 usa os seguintes sistemas de geração de eletricidade: painéis fotovoltaicos, um gerador pico-hídrico, um gerador a gasolina e baterias de chumbo-ácido; enquanto a Casa 2 usa um micro-gerador hidráulico e baterias de chumbo-ácido e de iões de lítio. Para aquecimento, a Casa 1 usa os seguintes sistemas: um forno a lenha, um fogão a gás de petróleo liquefeito e um fogão solar; enquanto a Casa 2 usa um forno a lenha, um fogão a gás butano e um fogão solar. Com base em visitas ao local, entrevistas e inquéritos a membros da comunidade, foram desenvolvidos inventários desses sistemas que foram utilizados para construir modelos de ciclo de vida. Foram selecionados 12 indicadores para avaliar a sustentabilidade de ciclo de vida: seis critérios ambientais: Aquecimento Global (AG), Requisitos de Energia Fóssil Não Renovável (EF), Ecotoxicidade Aquática de Água Doce (EAAD), Acidificação Terrestre (AT), Eutrofização de Água Doce (EAD) e Eutrofização Marinha (EM); três critérios económicos: custo de investimento, custo de operação e manutenção e Custo Nivelado de Energia (CNE); e três critérios de saúde/sociais: Toxicidade Carcinogénica (TC), Toxicidade Não Carcinogénica (TNC), e Emprego Local.A sustentabilidade da satisfação das necessidades de energia nas casas desconectadas das redes de abastecimento convencionais quando comparada com o uso das redes mostrou ser dependente dos critérios considerados. O uso de energia elétrica em casas desconectadas da rede teve menores impactes em AG e EF, mas mais altos em EAAD, AT, EAD e EM; enquanto o uso de sistemas de aquecimento desconectados da rede convencional teve menores impactos em AG, EF, AT e EAD, e maiores em EAAD e EM. O custo da eletricidade da rede de abastecimento foi 57-65% mais baixo do que o da eletricidade gerada pelos sistemas desconectados da rede, mas 108-288% mais elevado do que o aquecimento produzido sem recurso às redes convencionais. O consumo de eletricidade com recurso aos sistemas desconectados da rede teve maiores impactos em TC e TNC, enquanto o aquecimento com recurso às redes convencionais foi menor. Os resultados das categorias de impacto do método USEtox (EAAD, TC, TNC) foram significativamente diferentes quando foram considerados os fatores de caracterização (FCs) "recomendados" versus "indicativos", pelo que a consideração de ambos é importante para melhorar a robustez dos resultados. Os sistemas de eletricidade e aquecimento desconectados das redes convencionais estimularam níveis mais altos de Emprego Local em Benfeita.Os resultados Base (situação atual) foram também comparados com quatro cenários de abastecimento de energia (A1, A2, A3, e A4) usando a Teoria de Valor Multiatributo (TVM) para classificar as alternativas com base no seu desempenho de sustentabilidade. Os cenários consideraram os impactos de estender e conectar a rede a ambas as casas para permitir o consumo de eletricidade da rede ou a injeção do excesso de eletricidade gerada na rede. O ranking das alternativas dependeu principalmente da distância da casa à rede e se os FCs “recomendados” ou “indicativos” eram considerados nos cálculos do USEtox. A principal razão para essa divergência é a maneira como os metais são contabilizados em cada tipo de FC. FCs “indicativos” têm em consideração os metais no cálculo do potencial de toxicidade, pelo que, como a extensão da rede requer a utilização de metais, os seus impactes são muito mais altos quando comparados com os FCs “recomendados”, que omitem os metais do cálculo devido à sua elevada incerteza.Atender às necessidades domésticas de eletricidade e aquecimento de maneira sustentável requer uma análise do contexto local e dos recursos energéticos endógenos disponíveis. Para habitações em locais remotos, sistemas com base em energia renovável desconectados da rede fornecem uma forma confiável e sustentável para o fornecimento de eletricidade e aquecimento, exigindo que os proprietários tenham o capital inicial para investir em tais sistemas. Proprietários de casas localizadas em áreas com fácil acesso à rede, ou que já estão conectados à rede, não devem considerar sair da rede. Para compreender o valor das alternativas de abastecimento de energia é fundamental ter em conta estes diversos trade-offs.
This work assesses the sustainability of meeting electricity and heating needs in off-grid homes by performing a combined Life-Cycle Sustainability Assessment (LCSA) and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) study on two off-grid houses in Benfeita, a small village in Portugal that has attracted an ecologically inclined community. Two homes (Off-Grid House 1 and 2) were selected to serve as case studies because they have unique energy needs as well as distinct resource constraints that require the use of different technologies, making them representative of diverse challenges of off-grid living. Off-Grid House 1 uses the following off-grid electricity systems: photovoltaic panels, a pico-hydro generator, a petrol generator, and lead-acid batteries; Off-Grid House 2 uses: a micro-hydro generator, lead-acid, and lithium-ion batteries. Off-Grid House 1 uses the following off-grid heating systems: a wood burning furnace, a liquefied petroleum gas stove, and a solar cooker; Off-Grid House 2 uses: a wood burning furnace, a butane gas stove, and a solar cooker. Based on site visits, interviews, and surveys with community members, inventories for these systems were developed and used to build original life-cycle models. Twelve indicators were selected to evaluate life-cycle sustainability performance: six environmental criteria: Global Warming (GW), Non-Renewable Fossil Energy Demand (nREn), Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity (FAE), Terrestrial Acidification (TA), Freshwater Eutrophication (FE), Marine Eutrophication (ME); three economic criteria: Investment Cost, Operation & Maintenance Cost, and Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE); and three health/social criteria: Carcinogenic Toxicity (CT), Non-Carcinogenic Toxicity (NCT), and Local Employment. The sustainability of meeting energy needs in the off-grid homes, compared to using the grid, was found to be dependent on the criteria under consideration. Off-grid electricity use had lower impacts in GW and nREn, but higher levels of FAE, TA, FE, and ME; while off-grid heating use had lower impacts in GW, nREn, TA, and FE, and higher ones in FAE and ME. The cost of electricity from the grid was found to be 57-65% less expensive than that of off-grid electricity, but 108-288% more expensive than off-grid heating. Off-grid electricity use had higher impacts in CT and NCT, while off-grid heating´s were lower. The results of the USEtox impact categories (FAE, CT, NCT) were significantly different when “recommended” versus “indicative” characterization factors (CFs) were presented, thus the consideration of both is important to improve robustness of results. Both off-grid electricity and heating systems stimulated higher levels of Local Employment in Benfeita.Baseline results (the current situation) were compared to four energy provisioning scenarios (A1, A2, A3, and A4) using Multi-Attribute Value Theory (MAVT) to rank alternatives based on their sustainability performance. The scenarios considered the impacts of extending and connecting the grid to the homes to allow for either electricity consumption from the grid, or injection of excess electricity generated to the grid. The resulting ranking of alternatives was mainly dependent on the house´s distance from the grid and whether “recommended” or “indicative” CFs were considered in USEtox calculations. The primary reason for this divergence is the way metals are accounted for in each CF. “Indicative” CFs take into consideration metals in the calculation of toxicity, and because grid extension requires the use of many metals, the impacts from grid extension are much higher compared to when “recommended” CFs are used, which omit metals due to the relatively high uncertainty of addressing the fate of these chemicals within substance groups. Meeting household electricity and heating needs in a sustainable way requires an analysis of the local context and available resources. For extremely remote homes, off-grid, renewable energy solutions provide a reliable and sustainable form of electricity and heating, required that homeowners have the upfront capital to invest in such systems. Homeowners that live in places with easy access to the grid, or are already connected to the grid, should not consider going off-grid. A consideration of trade-offs is central to understanding the value of alternative possibilities for energy provisioning.
Chlobowski, Andrzej. "Influence of Trust Concerns and Benefits of Visibility on Participation in Green Electricity Programs: a Case-Study of Residential Solar-PV Systems in Ontario." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/7361.
Повний текст джерелаAvdic, Fahrudin [Verfasser]. "Application of the porous medium gas combustion technique to household heating systems with additional energy sources / vorgelegt von Fahrudin Avdic." 2005. http://d-nb.info/973413522/34.
Повний текст джерелаPenn, Joseph J. "The use of steady-state level combinations and signal event edge correlations in the disaggregation of total power measurements." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22697.
Повний текст джерелаThe work presented extends and contributes to research in Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM), focussing on steady-state and transient power measurement disaggregation techniques for circuits containing household ap- pliances. Although previous work in this area has produced and evaluated a wide range of NILM approaches, much of it has involved the use of datasets captured from real-world household implementations. In such cases, the lack of accurate ground truth data makes it di cult to assess disaggregation tech- niques. In the research presented, three NILM techniques are comparatively evaluated using measurements from typical household appliances assembled within a laboratory environment, where accurate ground truth data could be compiled to complement the measurements. This allows for the accu- racy of the various disaggregation approaches to be precisely evaluated. It is demonstrated that the correlation of transient event edges in aggregated power measurements to individual appliance transient exemplars performs better than the matching of steady-state power levels against individual ap- pliance state combinations. Furthermore, the transient approach is shown to be the most appropriate technique for further development.
MT2017
Chang, Yi-Hao, and 張益豪. "Implementation of Household Photovoltaic Generation System with Battery Energy Storage." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/kbkfu7.
Повний текст джерела國立高雄應用科技大學
電機工程系博碩士班
101
High penetration of grid-connected photovoltaic generation system will degrade the power quality of the grid due to its intermittent characteristic and unstable output power. For reduce the negative impacts of grid-connected photovoltaic generation systems on the grid and improve the penetration of photovoltaic generation systems, this thesis will develop a household photovoltaic generation system with battery energy storage. The photovoltaic generation system is composed of a DC-DC boost converter, an isolated bidirectional DC-DC converter and a full bridge inverter. When the utility is normal, the photovoltaic generation system can tracking the maximum output power of the solar cell array and control the charge/discharge of battery set. When the utility is failed, the photovoltaic generation system can supply AC power to load. The hardware prototype of the proposed household photovoltaic generation system with battery energy storage this system is developed and tested to verify its performance. The experimental results show that the performance of the proposed photovoltaic generation system is as expected.
CHENG, SHENG-HAO, and 程聖皓. "Cost-Benefit Analysis of Household Energy Storage System Installation in Advanced Countries." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/63398815965017249931.
Повний текст джерела輔仁大學
科技管理學程碩士在職專班
104
The United Nations reached a "Paris agreement" at December 12, 2015. All members of the United Nations will jointly prevent the global warming crisis in the future. The global traditional economic model of fossil fuels will be changed to a new model of renewable and clean energy. Energy Storage System plays a key role to maximize the effect of renewable energy development. Smart Grid is the combination and integration of the energy storage system and micro-grid renewable energy applications. Household energy storage system is also an important part of smart grid. In this study, I would like to use “Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE)” to evaluate the cost targets of household energy storage system to see if it could be widely adopted in the market. Further, with considering each countries’ economic conditions and each technique capability of batteries, I use “Return on investment (ROI)” to estimate the payback period and rate of payback on household energy storage system installation. And then propose the Cost-Benefit analysis on household energy storage system installation in advanced countries. In the end, I use sensitivity analysis to identify the greatest impact on the parameters of the cost-effectiveness. Base on the analysis result of LCoE trend, 0.2 (USD / KWh) in AD 2015~2017 is lower than the average electricity price in most of the advanced countries except from US. Thus, it does have economic benefits to install the energy storage system in those area. However, till AD 2019~2020, the LCoE will reach 0.13 ~ 0.15 (USD / KWh) level that finally close to the average electricity prices in US. Base on the assumption of 50% to 70% of everage household electricity consumption, the recommend installation capacity of household energy storage system would be as below. 4.61 ~ 6.45 (KWh) in Germany. 5.93 ~ 8.31 (KWh) in UK. 3.66 ~ 5.13 (KWh ) in Italy. 7.71 ~ 10.79 (KWh) in Japan. 17.13 ~ 23.98 (KWh) in US. With considering 10-years-warranty and price down trend of the energy storage system in 2016~2027, the estimated ROI of each advanced country is as below. 55~366% in Germany. 1~202% in UK. 21~262% in Italy. 0~199% in Japan. -51~47% in US.
Chen, Yung-Nan, and 陳勇男. "A Study of Household or Commercial Heat Pump System with Shallow Geothermal Energy." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42251856223799183602.
Повний текст джерела國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
105
A Study of Household or Commercial Heat Pump System with Shallow Geothermal Energy By Yung-Nan Chen Master Degree of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering National Taiwan University July 2016 Adviser:Sih-Li Chen, Ph.D. The purpose of this study is to test a geothermal heat pump system with two apply ways, which includes raft foundation water energy and groundwater energy. For shallow geothermal energy which temperature is lower than outdoor air in summer and higher in the winter. With this property, we want to replace the traditional heating and cooling equipment by geothermal heat pump system. In the application of raft foundation water energy and groundwater energy we via six different mode to combine heat pump system with geothermal energy for heating and cooling purpose. For groundwater energy, we used Multi-U type Borehole Heat Exchangers (MUBHEs), made of PVC material tubes to exchange heat from the evaporator or condenser of heat pump. Through experiment, we want to realize the advantages and disadvantages for this two different ways in using shallow geothermal energy. At the same time, we will compare the efficiency and cost with commonly heating and cooling household equipment in Taiwan. According to the experiment, the heating mode with raft foundation water, a high efficiency in COP 4.3 is present. And the cooling mode with raft foundation water has cooling efficiency in COP 4 with providing refrigerating capacity 18 kW. Besides, the dual mode that heating and cooling simultaneously, can provide high efficiency when operating heat pump system in right situation. In the study of these experiment, we will compare two apply modes of geothermal energy and conclusion experimental analysis, find the way to improve design to reach more high efficiency. Keywords : Shallow Geothermal Energy, Heat pump, Multi-U type Borehole Heat Exchangers, raft foundation water
Du, Preez Mathilda. "Household energy use in South Africa : a systemic study of an individual intervention." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/44253.
Повний текст джерелаThesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
Psychology
Unrestricted
Liu, Chang-Cheng, and 劉振昌. "R&D of the energy-saving hot water system by integrating household air conditioner and solar water heater." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50025473463731531970.
Повний текст джерела崑山科技大學
材料工程研究所
101
Taiwan is location at the subtropical zone of the earth, south of Chiayi, however, located at the southern in the tropic. Therefore, it is beneficial to develop the solar water heater and heating pump in the Tainan and Kaohsiung areas. The thesis develops a system integrating the household air conditioner and solar water heater. The system can effective promotes the conversion efficiency of the overall heating. The thesis reports that this system; integrated solar water heater and household air conditioner, can promote the conversion efficiency of energy over two times compared with the traditional solar water heater. Moreover, we find that, at fixed volume of thermal storage water tank, the air conditioner provided a more rapid and more efficiently energy conversion as a higher tonnage. Therefore, the thesis indicated that the condenser of air conditioner can be made instead of the water-cooled system to promote the energy efficiency and also to increase the cooling efficiency of air conditioner. On the other hand, the hot water produced by air conditioner can integrate that by solar water heater to increase the supply amount of hot water. This thesis provides the energy-saving and carbon-reducing system to protect our life and Earth.
Miguel, Pedro Carvalho. "Methodology to simulate the impact of a large deployment of a residential energy management system in the electricity grid." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/29809.
Повний текст джерелаEste trabalho propõe uma metodologia para avaliar os recursos de energia e de potência que podem ser disponibilizados através da disseminação e utilização de um sistema de gestão de energia no sector residencial, como a Energy Box (EB) proposta por Livengood & Larson (2009). O impacto de tal tecnologia sobre o sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica irá resultar de mudanças no uso da eletricidade por utilização final de clientes em resposta a estímulos como mudanças em tempo real no preço da electricidade, correspondendo ao amplamente conhecido conceito de gestão da procura (DR). No entanto, a natureza dispersa e não controlada da gestão destas cargas exige uma abordagem que tenha em conta o caráter aleatório do comportamento desta procura para efetuar uma estimativa agregada do consumo de energia e da potência causados por um elevado número de dispositivos EB. A abordagem que foi seguida exigiu a simulação de um determinado universo de consumidores de uma determinada cidade, utilizando informações sobre o consumo total de energia eléctrica, bem como o consumo por eletrodoméstico. A metodologia proposta faz uso de dados consultados sobre a disponibilidade dos consumidores para adiar o início da operação dos seus aparelhos, bem como de protótipos horários de diagramas de preços. Esses protótipos foram obtidos através de um exercício de agrupamento de dados que também foi proposto como parte da metodologia. O possível impacto ambiental da utilização agregada das EB também foi estimado. Os resultados da metodologia fornecem a gama de energia libertada e da potência adicional requerida como resultado agregado das EB, sendo o último um fenómeno relevante que apresenta novos desafios para a gestão da rede, e para o qual foram sugeridas algumas medidas preventivas. A análise ambiental do recurso EB agregada mostra que a DR não é por si só uma ferramenta para reduzir as emissões de CO2, sendo fortemente dependente das tecnologias de geração que são utilizadas para compensar as variações de procura. O trabalho futuro sugere investigação para atuais e para novos tipos de cargas, bem como o estudo para as técnicas de controlo não consideradas. Esta visão alargada irá fornecer uma imagem mais ampla do potencial crescente para os sistemas de gestão de energia, como a Energy Box.
This work proposes a methodology to evaluate the energy and power resources that can be made available through the deployment and use of a residential energy management system, as the Energy Box (EB) proposed by Livengood & Larson (2009). The impact on the electricity distribution system of such technology will result of changes in the electricity usage by end-use customers in response to stimuli like real-time changes in the electricity price, corresponding to the widely known demand response (DR). However, due to the dispersed and uncontrolled nature of the management of end-use appliances, estimating the energy and power output of the aggregation of a high number of EB’s requires a specific approach which can take into account the random nature of load response. The approach that was followed simulated a certain universe of consumers from one particular city, using information regarding total electricity consumption as well as the segregated consumption per main appliance. The proposed methodology makes use of queried data regarding the willingness of consumers to postpone the start of appliances, as well as prototypes of hourly price diagrams. These prototypes were obtained through a data clustering exercise that was also proposed as part of the methodology. The possible environmental impact of the aggregated use of EB’s was also estimated. The output of the methodology includes the range of released network capacity as well as load rebound, both caused by the aggregated EB response. In particular, load rebound is a relevant phenomenon that presents new challenges to the management of the grid, and for which some preventive measures are suggested. The analysis of the environmental significance of the aggregated EB resource shows that DR is not per se a tool to reduce CO2 emissions, being strongly dependent of the generation technologies that are used to compensate demand variations. Future work is also proposed including new load research for existing and for new types of loads, as well as for control techniques not considered. This extended view seeks to provide a wider image of the increasing potential of energy management systems such as the Energy Box.
Aramburu, Geronimo Martin Piñeiro. "Circular household waste management : a study about the transition from a linear to a circular waste management system and the potential for commercial opportunities in Europe through the example of Brussels Capital Region." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/35636.
Повний текст джерелаÀ medida que a população mundial aumenta, assim com as tendências de consumo, a nossa geração global atual de resíduos tornou-se uma verdadeira preocupação ambiental e de saúde. A forma de como os governos, cidades e municípios decidem gerir os resíduos sólidos tem um grande impacto na nossa sociedade, nas nossas economias e nas alterações climáticas. O tema da gestão de resíduos sólidos urbanos é uma questão complexa e precisa de ser amplamente analisada se almejarmos resolvê-la. Não obstante, as soluções estão disponíveis uma vez que a UE quer evoluir dentro de uma Economia Circular para enfrentar esta situação. Ao fazê-lo, os países europeus estão a mudar o seus comportamentos de um modelo linear, consumindo e eliminando produtos sem consideração pelo impacto ambiental, para uma visão circular, onde os fluxos de resíduos são reintroduzidos dentro da economia e apreciados como materiais valiosos. É por isso que haverá oportunidades comerciais lucrativas na gestão de resíduos nos próximos anos. A Agência Europeia do Ambiente estima uma geração entre 245 mil milhões e 604 mil milhões de euros até 2030 nesta indústria. O objetivo desta dissertação é, em primeiro lugar, destacar as principais características de um sistema circular de gestão de resíduos. Em segundo lugar, irá a estudar a necessidade das tecnologias de incineração de resíduos com recuperação de energia para o tratamento de resíduos residuais domésticos. Finalmente, através de o exemplo da Região de Bruxelas-Capital, este documento irá explorar as futuras oportunidades comerciais que promovem um sistema circular.