Статті в журналах: "Hospitals Australia Waste disposal"

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Singleton, Judith A., Esther T.-L. Lau, and Lisa M. Nissen. "Do legislated carbon reduction targets influence pro-environmental behaviours in public hospital pharmacy departments? Using mixed methods to compare Australia and the UK." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 18, 2021): e0255445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255445.

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Pharmaceuticals and their packaging have a significant negative impact on the environment providing a very strong argument for action on the part of pharmacists and pharmacy technicians to engage with pro-environmental behaviours (PEBs) in their workplaces. The aims of this research were therefore to investigate in hospital pharmacists and pharmacy technicians, 1) factors affecting engagement with workplace PEBs, and 2) determine if legislated carbon reduction targets in the UK influenced workplace PEBs in the UK compared with Australia which does not have legislated carbon reduction targets. The environmentally responsible disposal of pharmaceutical waste was the PEB of interest in this study. A mixed methods research design was utilised and a conceptual model (key variables: environmental attitude, concern, and knowledge, and organisational factors) was developed to identify factors influencing workplace PEBs. Participants were from five hospitals in Queensland, Australia and five NHS hospitals in England, UK. There was no statistically significant difference in environmental attitude or concern between the two groups—most had a mid-environmental attitude score and low levels of environmental concern. Participants lacked knowledge of the issue and the link between the environment and public health. Both Australian and UK participants reported recycling packaging waste was not a priority in the hospital pharmacy workplace (even in hospitals with recycling capability) as hospitals focused on compliance with clinical (contaminated) and confidential waste streams. Environmental attitude, knowledge, and concern therefore appeared to be weak influences on intention to perform workplace PEBs with workplace social norms (compliance due to audits) appearing to be a significant mediator of action. The key difference between the cohorts was that UK pharmacists felt waste was not in the scope of their role, and therefore not their responsibility. This study identified that legislated carbon reduction targets did not influence hospital pharmacy workplace PEBs–neither cohort reported engaging significantly in workplace PEBs. UK Government and NHS sustainability policy did not appear to have disseminated to pharmacy department level of UK public hospitals to any great extent.

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Ziegelaar, Mark, and Yuriy Kuleshov. "Flood Exposure Assessment and Mapping: A Case Study for Australia’s Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment." Hydrology 9, no. 11 (October 29, 2022): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9110193.

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Floods are the most common and costliest natural disaster in Australia. However, the Flood Risk Assessments (FRAs) employed to manage them are hazard-focused and tend to overlook exposure and vulnerability. This leaves potential for Australian FRAs to make better use of a technique which holistically incorporates all three flood risk components. In this study, flood exposure assessment and mapping for the Hawkesbury-Nepean Catchment (HNC), a flood-prone region in Australia, was conducted. Three flood exposure indicators—population density, land use type, and critical infrastructure density—were selected to derive the flood exposure index (FEI). Results demonstrated that Statistical Areas Level 2 (SA2s) on or near the floodplain, located near the eastern border of the HNC, are severely or extremely flood-exposed due to the significant presence of flood-exposed assets such as hospitals or police stations. The Wahroonga (West)—Waitara SA2 was the most exposed SA2 in the catchment (extreme exposure). This was followed by the Acacia Gardens, Glendenning—Dean Park, and Cambridge Park SA2s (all severely exposed). The Goulburn SA2 was also identified as severely flood-exposed even though it remains outside of the floodplain. This is due to its many exposed assets as Australia’s first inland town. All selected indicators were found to either strongly or moderately positively correlate with the FEI. Ultimately, this novel FEI can assist in the reduction of flood risk in the HNC, as well as foster community resilience strategies. Additionally, the developed scalable and replicable methodology can be applied to other flood-prone regions of Australia.

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Chen, Linping, Kerrie Mengersen, and Shilu Tong. "Spatiotemporal relationship between particle air pollution and respiratory emergency hospital admissions in Brisbane, Australia." Science of The Total Environment 373, no. 1 (February 2007): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2006.10.050.

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Wondmagegn, Berhanu Y., Jianjun Xiang, Keith Dear, Susan Williams, Alana Hansen, Dino Pisaniello, Monika Nitschke, et al. "Increasing impacts of temperature on hospital admissions, length of stay, and related healthcare costs in the context of climate change in Adelaide, South Australia." Science of The Total Environment 773 (June 2021): 145656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145656.

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Qadir, Murad, Rafat Murad, and Naveed Faraz. "HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT." Professional Medical Journal 23, no. 07 (July 10, 2016): 802–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2016.23.07.1642.

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Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of hospital administrationregarding hospital waste management at Tertiary Care Hospitals of Karachi. Study Design:Cross sectional study. Period: June 2014 to December 2014. Methods: Study was conductedin fifteen tertiary care hospitals. Five government, eight private and two trust hospitals wereselected by quota sampling technique. Information was collected from selected hospitalwaste management staff, using a pretested questionnaire regarding knowledge and practicesof hospital waste disposal. Results: Data shows that only 33.3% had knowledge regardinginfectious and noninfectious waste disposal and 27% of the understudy hospitals wereseparate infectious and noninfectious waste. Only 20% of the total hospitals were using propermethod for the separation of the sharps.93.3% hospital waste management staff was notvaccinated against hepatitis ‘B’ and tetanus. Only 53.3% hospitals have their own incineratorfacilities. Conclusions: This study showed that the practices employed by the hospital wastemanagement staff were not safe. There is a need to implement the recommended SOP’s ofhospital waste management program.

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AMIN, RAHEELAH, RUBINA GUL, and AMINA MEHRAB. "HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT;." Professional Medical Journal 20, no. 06 (December 15, 2013): 988–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2013.20.06.1684.

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Introduction: Hospital waste is a special type of waste which carries high potential of infection and injury. Objectives: Thisstudy was conducted to examine Medical Waste Management Practices in different hospitals of Peshawar. Methodology: Simpleobservational, cross-sectional study. was conducted with a case study approach. Aug-Sep 2011, with selection of 15 hospitals. The datawas collected through a pre-designed questionnaire with a checklist. Results: The study showed that 80% of the hospital personnel knewhospital waste and its management. There was waste management plan present in 30% of hospitals. Although hospitals did not quantifiedwaste amounts but on average the amount of waste generated daily was 0.5-1 kg/bed/day. Segregation into risk and non risk waste wasdone in 93.3% of hospitals. For non risk waste, disposal through Municipal Corporation was conducted in 86.67% of the hospitals, whilein 13.3%, it was burnt. For risk waste, either it was buried or burnt. Proper incineration was carried out in only 33.3% of the hospitals.Discussion: Hospital waste generation, segregation, collection, transportation & disposal practices were not in accordance with standardguidelines. The average waste generation in most of the hospitals was almost equivalent to other under developed countries but less thanthat of developed countries. Conclusions: The hospital waste in the majority of hospitals of Peshawar was mismanaged. No properhospital waste management plan existed except at few hospitals.

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BHATTI, MUHAMMAD AYAZ, Farah Rashid, KOMEL ZULFIQAR, Mirza Inamul Haq, and MOAZZAM ALI. "HOSPITALS." Professional Medical Journal 14, no. 04 (October 12, 2007): 639–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2007.14.04.4830.

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Objectives: To know the amount of total waste generated in the hospital daily,to know the types of waste and the amount of infectious waste generated daily, and to know about knowledge andattitude of the health care workers, doctors nurses and sanitary staff about hospital waste. Setting: The study areais the Pakistan Railway Hospital a tertiary level care Hospital consisting of 380 beds and all the essential Departments.Study Period: the study was conducted from June 2006 to September 2006. Material and methods: study design:This was a cross sectional study Single tertiary level care hospital was studied due to limitation of time and resources.Data collection: Data was collected by using structured questionnaire and weighing of one day (24 hours) waste fromall the units. Other relevant data was collected by structured interviews, meetings, discussions. Results: wastegenerated in twenty four hours is 229.75 Kg. The average waste generated per patient per day is 1.05 Kg, the quantityof infectious waste generated is 104.8 Kg i.e. 0.478 Kg per patient per day. Quantity of waste generated in order ofmaximum to minimum waste was Gynae/Obs 1.29Kg, Paediatrics1.15Kg, Surgery 1.13 followed by Orthopaedics0.80Kg, ENT 0.71 Medicine 0.48 and ophthalmology 0.4Kg all per bed per day. The responses show that all thecategories of hospital workers are nearly not having the proper knowledge about the hazards and therefore unable togive suggestion or solution of the problem. Conclusion: Health care waste management in Railway Hospital is in badshape. The general awareness on the subject is very much lacking both by the producers as well as handlers of waste.There is acute need for training and sensitization of managers, staff and sanitary staff for safe disposal of waste.

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Manjunatha, M., VC Sunil Kumar, Badami Vijetha, and P. R. Pradeep. "Biomedical Waste Management: A Review." Journal of Oral Health and Community Dentistry 6, no. 3 (2012): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/johcd-6-3-141.

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ABSTRACT Various national and international agencies have shown their concern towards proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste, as they may cause serious infectious diseases like hepatitis, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS. Most of the hospitals do not have effective disposal system leading to complex problem of hygiene and sanitation in hospitals. The use of disposable items has reduced the rate of infection but at the same time has increased the volume of the waste which needs to be disposed properly. Effective waste disposal can be achieved only by considering the various components of the waste management system and this should be made an integral part of hospital planning and designing.

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Awe, Yewande, and Roger Awe. "Legislative and Scientific Aspects of Waste Disposal in Hospitals." Indoor and Built Environment 5, no. 1 (1996): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000463680.

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Xu, Jin Ling, Xiu Feng Shen, and Shi Xue Li. "Research on Injurious Medical Waste Disposal for Small and Medium Sized Hospital." Advanced Materials Research 518-523 (May 2012): 3459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.518-523.3459.

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The injury medical waste is the most serious infectious, which serious impact on human health and environmental issues. There are many hidden dangers in the injury medical waste processing, particularly in small and medium-sized hospitals. The current situation, classify and hazard are analysed, as well as problems and difficulties in injury medical waste disposal. The disposal mechods and countermeasures are put forward to dispose the injury medical waste for small and medium-sized hospitals. The research has certain practical significance for injury medical waste disposal.

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Agrawal, Deepali, Parag Dalal, and J. K. Srivastava. "Biomedical Waste Management in Hospitals – A Review." IRA-International Journal of Technology & Engineering (ISSN 2455-4480) 7, no. 2 (May 27, 2017): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jte.v7.n2.p1.

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<div><p><em>Biomedical waste management is receiving larger attention because of recent regulations of the biomedical Wastes (Management &amp; Handling Rules, 1998). Inadequate management of biomedical waste may be associated with risks to healthcare employees, patients, communities and their environment. The current study was conducted to assess the quantities and proportions of different constituents of wastes, their handling, treatment and disposal way in numerous health-cares. In this research, we try to elaborate and discuss the of Bio-medical waste management procedure of Ujjain city. Various health care units were surveyed using a modified survey form for waste management. This form was obtained from the world Health Organization (WHO), with the aim of assessing the processing systems for biomedical waste disposal. Hazards related to poor biomedical waste management and shortcomings in the existing system were identified. The development of waste management policies, plans, and protocols are suggested, in addition to establishing training programs on correct waste management for all healthcare workers.</em></p></div>

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Indumathy M and Mukesh S. "Biomedical waste management – A review." International Journal of Social Rehabilitation 6, no. 2 (July 16, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjsocrehab.v6i2.425.

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Various national and international agencies have shown their concern toward proper handling, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste, asthey may cause serious infectious diseases such as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and HIV/AIDS. Most of the hospitals do not have effective disposalsystem leading to complex problem of hygiene and sanitation in hospitals. The use of disposable items has reduced the rate of infection but at the same time has increased the volume of the waste which needs to be disposed properly. Effective waste disposal can be achieved only by considering the various components of the waste management system and this should be made an integral part of hospital planning and designing.

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Thirumala, S. "STUDY OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE GENERATION AND MANAGEMENT IN VARIOUS HOSPITALS IN DAVANGERE CITY OF KARNATAKA, INDIA." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 03, no. 03 (September 2013): 022–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1703671.

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AbstractThis research article is to survey the practice of biomedical waste such as collection, storage, transportation and disposal along with the amount of generated biomedical waste in various hospitals in Davangere city, and create awareness among the staff and patient about biomedical wastes. The survey result on biomedical waste generation, disposal and methods adopted in various hospitals of Davangere city are discussed.

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Sazan, Mohammed, and Farhan Salah. "Hospital hazardous waste management: Treatment, storage and disposal." Reciklaza i odrzivi razvoj 15, no. 1 (2022): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ror2101043a.

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Rapid population growth, industrialization, and growth of demand for raw materials for industrial and medical production result in generating a huge amount of hazardous waste. Hazardous waste is identified by its toxicity, flammability, and radioactivity characteristics. Disposing hazardous waste into the natural environment has a significant impact on health and all living things in the environment. Nowadays, numerous hospitals and industrial places generate a large amount of hazardous waste. The objective of this study is to evaluate the management system of hazardous hospital waste in Erbil city. Additionally, the focus is on hazardous hospital waste management and characterizations and situation of the waste in Erbil city as well. The generation rate of hazardous wastes from hospitals in Erbil city was collected for 12 months from 2015 to 2020. The results showed that the highest amount of medical hazardous waste was generated in 2019. Moreover, the number of onsite incineration centres should be increased to reduce the cost of storage and transportation.

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Farzadkia, Mahdi, Arash Moradi, Mojtaba Shah Mohammadi, and Sahand Jorfi. "Hospital waste management status in Iran: a case study in the teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences." Waste Management & Research: The Journal for a Sustainable Circular Economy 27, no. 4 (June 2009): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x09335703.

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Hospital waste materials pose a wide variety of health and safety hazards for patients and healthcare workers. Many of hospitals in Iran have neither a satisfactory waste disposal system nor a waste management and disposal policy. The main objective of this research was to investigate the solid waste management in the eight teaching hospitals of Iran University of Medical Sciences. In this cross-sectional study, the main stages of hospital waste management including generation, separation, collection, storage, and disposal of waste materials were assessed in these hospitals, located in Tehran city. The measurement was conducted through a questionnaire and direct observation by researchers. The data obtained was converted to a quantitative measure to evaluate the different management components. The results showed that the waste generation rate was 2.5 to 3.01 kg bed—1 day—1, which included 85 to 90% of domestic waste and 10 to 15% of infectious waste. The lack of separation between hazardous and non-hazardous waste, an absence of the necessary rules and regulations applying to the collection of waste from hospital wards and on-site transport to a temporary storage location, a lack of proper waste treatment, and disposal of hospital waste along with municipal garbage, were the main findings. In order to improve the existing conditions, some extensive research to assess the present situation in the hospitals of Iran, the compilation of rules and establishment of standards and effective training for the personnel are actions that are recommended.

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Awe, Yewande, and Roger Perry. "Review : Legislative and Scientific Aspects of Waste Disposal in Hospitals." Indoor and Built Environment 5, no. 1 (January 1996): 6–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x9600500104.

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Okechukwu, Edith Chinenye. "Assessment of Disposal Practices among Health Workers in Selected Hospitals in Abuja." TEXILA INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 10, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.21522/tijph.2013.10.02.art009.

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Safe disposal procedures of biomedical wastes cannot be overstressed in achieving efficient waste management and mitigating environmental hazards and risk of exposure to humans. The investigation was conducted to assess the disposal procedures of biomedical waste in selected hospitals in Abuja. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and on-the-spot observation. Six hospitals that provided health care services in Abuja were surveyed. Descriptive, inferential statistics and reliability tests were used to analyze the data. Chi-square (χ2) test was used to determine the association between standard handling practices of biomedical waste and biomedical waste management with (p<0.05). The result showed that the respondents agreed to these methods of disposal in this order where the burning pit was the predominant method of disposal, followed by incineration, dumping site, landfill, and burial. The disposal plans were inefficient as black bags of wastes littered the temporary dumpsite at the hospital premises and the use of unprotected dysfunctional incineration. The Cronbach’s alpha α = 0.830, loading factor (0.735-0.939) which indicates that the measuring tool was reliable and the items on the questionnaire showed interrelatedness and consistency. A coordinated system for tracking and monitoring treatment and disposal procedures of biomedical wastes is critical in the combat against epidemics and environmental pollution. Improved, safe and environmentally friendly disposal procedures should be employed. The health workers who are the waste generators are obliged to monitor, conduct risk assessments, and formulate policies for the safe disposal of biomedical wastes.

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Mishra, Urvashi, Sarjoo Patel, and Kushan Shah. "Medical waste management at different hospitals of Anand and nearby areas." Holistic approach to environment 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 42–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33765/thate.11.2.2.

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The increased number of hospitals with rising number of beds generate about 1.5 to 2 kg waste per day and per bed. This gives an insight about the volumes of waste generated from the government and private sector hospitals per day. Therefore, the hospital waste management is of utmost importance in the present public health scenario, where the occurrence and recurrence of the infectious diseases is a major public threat. The objective of this research was to find out how hospitals can benefit from improving medical waste management practices. In the questionnaire, survey questions were formulated for gathering data. The questionnaire was designed in such a way that it can provide general information about the hospital staff along with their knowledge about the medical waste and their concern regarding the waste disposal-training program. It was found that the importance was being laid on proper waste disposal only and much less focus was given on waste minimization and recycling of the waste. The study has found that the city can benefit both environmentally and economically by improving the medical waste management at different hospitals.

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Sembiring, Muhammad Ardiansyah, Donni Nasution, and Mustika Fitri larasati Sibuea. "Analisis Pemilihan Tempat Pembuangan Limbah Medis Menggunakan Metode Topsis." Prosiding Seminar Nasional Riset Information Science (SENARIS) 1 (September 30, 2019): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.30645/senaris.v1i0.124.

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Various types of medical waste produced from service activities in hospitals can endanger and cause health problems, especially during collection, sorting, shelter, storage, transportation and destruction and final disposal. In terms of disposal of medical waste, most existing hospitals work with other companies in the processing and disposal of their medical waste because there is no official medical waste disposal site available. With the above problems, the researchers are interested in conducting a research process to assist the relevant agencies in finding a solution to determine the location of appropriate disposal of medical waste through the application of information technology. The method used in this study is the TOPSIS (Technique for Others Reference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method, which is one method in the Decision Support System (SPK). Based on the results and previous discussion, it can be concluded that Mandoge is the main choice in choosing the right place as a place for disposal of medical waste because it has the necessary criteria. Therefore the application of the topsis method can help determine good alternatives in a decision-making system for selecting the best Medical Waste disposal sites.

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Odonkor, Stephen T., and Tahiru Mahami. "Healthcare waste management in Ghanaian hospitals: Associated public health and environmental challenges." Waste Management & Research 38, no. 8 (April 28, 2020): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734242x20914748.

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Healthcare waste generation is an integral part of healthcare operations. Improper healthcare waste management and disposal can be detrimental to humans and the environment. The objective of this paper is to investigate the healthcare waste management practices, aiming to provide needed data to inform policy decisions. The study was conducted using a cross-sectional study. Quantitative data was obtained from 497 respondents who worked in 25 major healthcare facilities. Data was analyzed using (SPSS) version 23.0. Results indicated that 52.4% of respondents had knowledge about healthcare waste management. However, only 12% of the respondents were open to training in healthcare/biomedical waste management. Less than half of the respondent (47.5%) practiced waste segregation at the sources of generation. There were significantly more healthcare waste disposal materials available ( P = 0.001) in private than government and quasi-government hospitals. Based on the major findings of the study, we recommend that adequate training as well as Personal Protective Equipment (PPE’s) should be provided to healthcare professionals to improve healthcare waste management. Complacence in adhering to Healthcare waste disposal guideline must be addressed.

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Sadeghi, Mahdi, Abdolmajid Fadaei, and M. Ataee. "Assessment of hospitals medical waste management in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province in Iran." Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science 5, no. 2 (June 25, 2020): 157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26832/24566632.2020.0502011.

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The hospital wastes could threaten the surface waters, ground waters, soil, air environment and humans’ health. This study was intended to investigate the management of medical waste generated in hospitals of Charharmahal and Bakhtiari province, located in south west of Iran. The samples came from all 9 province’s hospitals with 1156 beds. The data forms and questionnaires were completed. The questionnaire contained questions about the generation of waste and practices related to separation, collection, storage, transport, treatment and final disposal, and training and awareness. The highest generation rate on a bed basis of 3.22±0.4 kg/bed/day was found in Shohada hospital, and the lowest rate was 1.37±0.2 kg/bed/day for Sina hospital. There was significant variation (P<0.05). The average general waste production rate was 2.12±0.37 kg/bed/day at all the surveyed hospitals. The highest percentage (63%) of total medical wastes were general, 36.05% were infectious wastes. About 44.44% of the hospitals have used autoclave to disinfect their infectious medical waste prior to disposal, while incineration is used in 33.33% of the hospitals. All hospitals (100%) indicated their needs and willingness to participate in future specialized training programs in medical waste management. It has been suggested that enhancing the education, awareness and promoting programs about medical waste management for cleaning workers, doctors, nurses, and technicians.

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Herat, Sunil. "Electronic waste: an emerging issue in solid waste management in Australia." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 3, no. 1/2 (2009): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2009.024704.

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Glanville, Katharine, and Hsing-Chung Chang. "Mapping illegal domestic waste disposal potential to support waste management efforts in Queensland, Australia." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 29, no. 6 (March 6, 2015): 1042–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13658816.2015.1008002.

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Liu, Ziyuan, Tianle Liu, Xingdong Liu, Aijing Wei, Xiaoxue Wang, Ying Yin, and You Li. "Research on Optimization of Healthcare Waste Management System Based on Green Governance Principle in the COVID-19 Pandemic." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 10 (May 17, 2021): 5316. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18105316.

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At present, strategies for controlling the COVID-19 pandemic have made significant and strategic strides; however, and the large quantities of healthcare treatment waste have become another important “battlefield”. For example, in Wuhan, the production rate of healthcare waste in hospitals, communities, temporary storage, and other units was much faster than the disposal rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Improving the efficiency of healthcare waste transfer and treatment has become an important task for government health and environmental protection departments at all levels. Based on the situation of healthcare waste disposal in Wuhan during the critical period of the pandemic, this paper analyzes and studies green governance principles and summarizes the problems that exist in the current healthcare waste management system. Through the establishment of temporary storage facilities along transit routes, digital simulation and bionic experiments were carried out in the Hongshan District of Wuhan to improve the efficiency of healthcare waste transfer. Furthermore, this study discusses the coordination and cooperation of government, hospitals, communities, and other departments in the healthcare waste disposal process and provides guiding suggestions for healthcare waste disposal nationwide in order to deal with potential risks and provide effective references in all regions.

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Mahmoudi, Sajjad, Nazmul Huda, and Masud Behnia. "Photovoltaic waste assessment: Forecasting and screening of emerging waste in Australia." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 146 (July 2019): 192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2019.03.039.

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Singh, Prabh Preet. "COVID 19 BIOMEDICAL WASTE TREATMENTS: A REVIEW, CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS, FUTURE POSSIBILITIES." International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and Technology 6, no. 6 (October 1, 2021): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33564/ijeast.2021.v06i06.024.

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The current situation of the COVID-19 pandemic has led to a sudden increase in Biowaste. Biowaste management is a major challenge in cases where we require very careful handling, incineration, and disposal of infectious waste obtained from multiple hospitals. The products' usage and disposal are highly difficult due to the chance of infection very abruptly. The current requirement is an innovation in this field of biowaste management. For humanity to survive this pandemic with an appropriate disposal method of Biowaste from the hospitals without causing harm to the environment and risking the humans is the current necessity. It is a compulsion for an urgent innovation, which will require everyone's cooperation. From cotton swabs, blood sample tubes, masks, PPE kits, etc., their disposal had become challenging and very harmful for the humans in charge of their appropriate dumping and waste management. This review will cover the current developments in biowaste management technologies and the possible future and modifications in the process.

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Yasotha, N. "Economic Valuation of Hospital Waste Management." International Review of Business and Economics 1, no. 3 (2018): 214–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.56902/irbe.2018.1.3.44.

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Bio- Medical Wastes have become one of the most widespread and important environmental and public health issues and present day concern throughout the globe and as such, the problem has been recognized as one of the important issues towards abatement of pollution in the country along with the rest of the world. The main thrust of the present study is to evaluate the willingness to pay with specific reference to solid waste management in Hospitals. The study has analyzed three hospitals in the Chennai area, in Tamil Nadu. The main method of disposal of hazardous wastes is through incineration and this has been studied with regard to the Government and Private Sectors through the selected hospitals, by way of life expectancy of equipment probable use per day/per kg, cost of operation per day/kg and ultimately the WTP by those availing of these facilities have all been carefully researched.

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Oyebanji, F. F., A. O. James, K. A. Olatunde, and O. J. Aremu. "Solid Waste Management Practices and Health Risks Assessment of Heavy Metals in Soils Within Public Healthcare Facilities in Abeokuta, Southwest, Nigeria." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 2 (May 1, 2022): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.165.

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This study assessed solid healthcare (SHC) waste management practices and levels of heavy metals in soils within four public healthcare facilities in Abeokuta, Nigeria. Walkthrough observation and one-on-one interviews were used to elicit information on waste management practices. Topsoils of waste storage areas were collected and analyzed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. SHC general waste is often burnt and buried at the general hospitals while licensed private operators collect it at the Clinics and Specialist hospitals. The Specialist Hospitals generate the highest weight of all the waste categories and in the order; general > infectious > sharps > pathological > pharmaceutical, with the clinic having the highest rate of waste generated/patient (0.8kg/day). Heavy metal concentration (mg/kg) ranges are 5321.46 – 9356.49 (Fe), 96.72 – 314.49 (Zn) and 8.58 – 20.77 (Cr), with an indication of potential non-carcinogenic risks for all exposure routes for both adults and children. Mixed storage of all waste types is still being practised in some healthcare facilities, which portends the risk of infection transmission and environmental pollution. Hence, there is a need to improve the segregation and special handling of SHCW to avoid environmental contamination and negative health-related impacts.

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Baranova, Antonina, Nataliia Samoilenko, and Inna Pitak. "FORECASTING OF FORMATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL GLASS WASTE TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE COVID-19 DATABASE." ScienceRise 4 (August 31, 2020): 46–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2313-8416.2020.001392.

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Subject of research: forecasting the formation of pharmaceutical glass waste in medical institutions, taking into account the peculiarities of the use of medicines during the COVID-19 epidemic in Ukraine. Research problem: Predicting the formation and accumulation of pharmaceutical glass waste in hospitals in order to implement effective environmental management and determine the resource possibilities for further waste disposal. Main scientific results: A model has been developed that can be used to predict the generation of pharmaceutical waste from glass in hospitals in the country during an epidemic, as well as in the presence of the necessary input data in a non-epidemic period. Based on regression analysis and using the Minitab-19 software, the dependences of the volume of pharmaceutical waste from glass on three variable factors were determined. Using statistical data on the incidence of COVID-19 in Ukraine, using the developed model, the PGW volume in the Volyn region for a given period of time was calculated. The scope of practical application of the research results: planning of measures to improve the environmental safety of handling pharmaceutical glass waste; development of business models for the disposal of this waste. An innovative technological product: the predictive model helps to identify the resource possibilities of using pharmaceutical glass waste for industrial waste disposal. Scope of application of the innovative technological product: medical waste management, industrial disposal of pharmaceutical glass waste.

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Clarke, W. P., P. Radnidge, T. E. Lai, P. D. Jensen, and M. T. Hardin. "Digestion of waste bananas to generate energy in Australia." Waste Management 28, no. 3 (January 2008): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.01.012.

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Alwabr, Gawad M. A., Ahmed S. Al-Mikhlafi, Saif A. Al-Hakimi, and Munira A. Dughish. "Determination of medical waste composition in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 20, no. 2 (July 25, 2016): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v20i2.15.

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The composition analysis of medical waste is generally considered to be the fundamental information for the most basic steps in the development of a plan for solid hospitals waste management. The objectives of this study were to determine the quantity, generation rate, and the physical composition of medical waste generated in hospitals of Sana'a city, Yemen. This cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted on the composition of hospital wastes generated in four governmental hospitals in Sana'a City. Purposive sampling was used in the selection of the hospitals, which included (Al-Thawra, Al-Kuwait, Republic, and Military). Results of this study showed that the daily average of the waste generated from the studied hospitals was 5615 kg/day. Approximately 26% of the total waste was hazardous (infectious, pathological, and chemical wastes). While 74% was a general (non-hazardous) waste. The average rate of the total waste generation was 3 kg/patient/day, and 2.5 kg/bed/day. The mean individual components of generated waste in the studied hospitals were; foods 27%, plastic 22%, paper/cardboard 22%, glass 11%, metals 10%, and others 8%. In conclusion, about 26% of the waste was hazardous. The physical component analysis of the waste indicated that the foods, plastic, and paper/cartoon has the highest content of the hospitals waste. Decision makers in Yemen can use this study information for designing and plan the properly management for the collecting system and the healthy disposal of the hazardous waste. Also, for estimating the total policy of required facilities, manpower, and other related costs.Keywords: Composition; medical waste; hospitals waste; Yemen

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Hartley, B. M., B. Wall, L. Munslow-Davies, L. F. Toussaint, K. J. Hirschberg, K. W. Terry, and M. Shepherd. "The establishment of a radioactive waste disposal facility in western Australia for low level waste." Applied Radiation and Isotopes 49, no. 3 (March 1998): 259–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-8043(97)00246-7.

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Samadder, Eti, Ashees Kumar Shaha, Irtiza Ahmed Chowdhury, Sajeda Khatun, China Rani Mittra, and Hafiza Sultana. "Knowledge and practices of health workers on safe disposal of sharp medical wastes in selected hospitals." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 6, no. 4 (January 7, 2021): 802–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v6i4.51249.

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Sharp medical waste is infectious and hazardous because of their high potential diseases transmission and injury. It poses serious threats to environmental health. A cross sectional study was done to assess the level of knowledge and practices of health workers on safe disposal of sharp medical wastes. This study was done in Pirojpur Sadar Hospital, Nazirpur Upazilla Health Complex and Zia Nagar Upazilla Health Complex. Sample size was 200 Health Workers. A Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The collected data were processed and analyzed with the help of SPSS (Version 20) software on the basis of different variables. The period of study was from January to December 2016. The study result shows that among 200 respondent mean age was 44.05 (±7.01) years. The designation varieties were nurses (70.0%), doctor (10.0%), Aya/ward boy (15.0%). This study found that, majority of the respondents had knowledge about the concept of medical waste and sharp medical waste. Among the respondents (90.0%) respondents knew the correct color bin to segregate sharp medical waste. Multiple responses of the respondents (80%) mentioned that they got information from Course curriculum. Knowledge of the respondents on sharp medical waste disposal (64.5%) had Good knowledge, (23%) had Fair Knowledge and (12.5%) had Poor Knowledge. Most of the respondents (47.5%) had Good practices, (33%) had Fair and (20%) had Poor practices regarding safe disposal of sharp medical waste disposal. Adequate supply of equipment’s and strict monitoring system should be established to improvement the practice of the health care providers regarding safe disposal of sharp medical waste. Training on sharp medical waste disposal will help the participants to improve their knowledge and practices. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2020, 6(4): 802-808

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Therese, Mboka Olonu Marie, Gurdeep Singh, Udeh Blessing Nnenna, Mukesh Kr Singh, and Ritesh Patel. "Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and Safe Disposal of Biomedical Waste: The Darker Side of Healthcare." International Journal of Current Research and Review 14, no. 10 (2022): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2022.141001.

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Medical waste operation is one of the numerous complex and demanding challenges facing humanity as the global population swells and the demand for medical services increase. Medical waste product in the developing world is rising quickly due to bettered access to medical services which allow ever lesser figures of admit modern medical care. Contradictory methods of waste measurement used by researchers leave these variations questionable. Objective of biomedical waste management (BMW) operation generally involves preventing diffusion of illness from patient to medical expert to forestall injury to the health care employee and staff in support services, whereas handling medicine waste, to forestall general exposure to the harmful effects of the cytotoxic, geotaxis and chemical drug waste generated in hospitals. The main objectives of this paper were to analyse the status of medical waste generation and treatment in recent years, and also address the discussion on waste risks and the impact on health and environment. The study indicates that greater training for healthcare personnel and standardising the categorization of medical waste streams are important steps toward more efficient waste management in hospitals.

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Adu, Robert Ohene, Samuel Fosu Gyasi, David Kofi Essumang, and Kenneth Bentum Otabil. "Medical Waste-Sorting and Management Practices in Five Hospitals in Ghana." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (March 4, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2934296.

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Hospital waste management in Ghana faces the risk of cross-contamination from the lack of thorough sorting of the waste at the points of generation, codisposal of hazardous and nonhazardous waste types, and use of open-fire pits and substandard incinerators for burning infectious waste. This has increased the potential for the spread of infections and chemical pollutants. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five hospitals in Ghana to assess behavioral patterns on waste sorting and the effectiveness of hospital waste management in Ghana. A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed purposively to some staff of the five hospitals to assess workers’ perceptions on medical waste sorting and handling. Additionally, focused group discussions and transect walks were adopted to examine the current collection, storage, treatment, and disposal methods used in the health facilities. Chi-square analyses showed significant differences in waste-sorting behavior based only on occupation (p<0.0001, n=180) and not on gender, education, or experience in the health sector. Even though contaminated sharps were separated into brown safety boxes, color coding for other infectious waste containers was inconsistent across the health facilities. The study revealed that incineration is still the modal method of treatment in Ghanaian hospitals and therefore new approaches such as an engineering approach were required to minimize its environmental effects. It is recommended that periodic in-service training workshops be held for healthcare staff on the right source-segregation of medical waste, in order to facilitate the effective and safe handling, transport, treatment, and disposal of waste from health facilities.

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Aslan, Manar, and Ayşe Yıldız. "How blameless are hospitals in climate change? An example of a province in Turkey." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2019-0023.

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Abstract Starting from the 1970s, the discussion about the negative effects of human activity on the world has accelerated and with a increasingly raised voice and it has been noted that the natural balance of our world was being altered. The World Health Organization has focused its policies and directives on strategies aimed on dealing with climate change (and its impact on human health), and diseases related to air pollution and implementing health-related sustainable development goals in climate friendly-hospitals. Hospitals exist to treat patients, but they also pollute the environment because hospitals consume a lot of energy and water and produce hazardous waste. These organizations need to work hard to improve their carbon footprints. The study investigated practices at 21 public hospitals in Konya, Turkey. Results show that domestic waste was on average 54.83 tons per year, medical waste was 33.59 tons per year and packing waste was 24.36 tons per year. It was determined that medical waste disposal costs on average of €26,800 per annum, and the amount of medical waste per bed was 1.15 kilograms per annum. According to 2014 medical waste data the average medical waste per bed of these hospitals in Konya province is less than the average in Turkish public hospitals, in which it is 1.18 kilograms per bed. The hospitals in our study were found to be especially inadequate at water management and did not pay much attention to green practices.

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Verma, Lalji K., Shyamala Mani, Nitu Sinha, and Sunita Rana. "Biomedical waste management in nursing homes and smaller hospitals in Delhi." Waste Management 28, no. 12 (December 2008): 2723–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2007.12.013.

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Andeobu, Lynda, Santoso Wibowo, and Srimannarayana Grandhi. "Medical Waste from COVID-19 Pandemic—A Systematic Review of Management and Environmental Impacts in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 1381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031381.

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The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created a global medical emergency. The unforeseen occurrence of a pandemic of this magnitude has resulted in overwhelming levels of medical waste and raises questions about management and disposal practices, and environmental impacts. The amount of medical waste generated from COVID-19 since the outbreak is estimated to be 2.6 million tons/day worldwide. In Australia, heaps of single-use gowns, facemasks/face shields, aprons, gloves, goggles, sanitizers, sharps, and syringes are disposed everyday as a result of the pandemic. Moreover, the establishment of new home/hotel quarantine facilities and isolation/quarantine centres in various Australian states and territories have increased the risks of transmission among people in these facilities and the likelihoods of general waste becoming contaminated with medical waste. This warrants the need to examine management and disposal practices implemented to reduce the transmission and spread of the virus. This study reviews the various management and disposal practices adopted in Australia for dealing with medical waste from the COVID-19 pandemic and their impacts on public health and the environment. To achieve the aims of this study, prior studies from 2019–2021 from various databases are collected and analysed. The study focuses on generation of medical waste from COVID-19, management and disposal methods, current problems/challenges and environmental and public health impacts. Considering the enormous risks involved and the significance of appropriate handling and disposal of medical waste from COVID-19, this study provides insights on short and long term responses towards managing COVID-19 waste in Australia. The study contributes to Australia’s efforts against the transmission and spread of COVID-19 and provides recommendations for the development of workable and sustainable strategies for mitigating similar pandemics in the future.

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Mallants, Dirk, John Phalen, and Hef Griffiths. "Deep borehole disposal of intermediate-level waste." Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal 1 (November 10, 2021): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sand-1-263-2021.

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Abstract. Around the world, deep borehole disposal is being evaluated for intermediate-level waste (ILW), high-level waste (HLW), spent nuclear fuel (SNF), separated plutonium waste and some very high specific activity fission product waste. In Australia, long-lived ILW from research reactors and radiopharmaceutical production represents the principal waste stream that requires deep geologic disposal. Whilst the Australian government has not yet made a decision on its preferred strategy for ILW disposal, deep borehole disposal of small volumes of ILW would be a more cost-effective and modular solution compared to a conventional geologic disposal facility (GDF). CSIRO, ANSTO and SANDIA have created an international partnership to execute a full-scale borehole research, development and demonstration (RD&D) project in Australia. The project will demonstrate the technical feasibility of the long-term safety of borehole disposal in deep geological formations. The execution of this project could also demonstrate options for nuclear waste disposal that would reduce proliferation risks, potentially up to the termination of compliance with international safeguards requirements. The RD&D includes demonstration of surface handling and waste/seal emplacement capabilities, basic research on foundational science areas, and full-scale field testing in both a deep characterization borehole and a larger-diameter (0.7 m or 27.5 inch) 2000 m deep demonstration borehole. The multi-barrier system designed for such a deep disposal borehole concept places much less reliance on engineered barriers at the disposal zone to achieve safety as compared to a conventional GDF. It rather relies on geological features for waste containment. The concept being explored uses disposal containers with primary waste packages, such as vitrified waste canisters, inside; to be both cost effective and fit for purpose, such a container could have a mild steel-based structural component with copper coating. A critical review of six coating technologies showed that cold spray has the greatest advantages, such as minimal porosity and compressive residual stress. The RD&D has delivered novel enabling tools that assist with site screening, borehole design and post-closure safety assessments. For instance, an automated geological fault mapping and meshing tool was developed that assists with ranking the suitability of potential disposal sites based on proximity to faults. New codes were developed for better representation of fault zones in 2D/3D numerical flow and transport models, while also being more efficient to execute. Post-closure safety assessments tested the sensitivity of long-term safety with respect to disposal depth, rock permeability and sorption. Heat transport calculations explored the sensitivity of temperature evolution within the borehole to parameters such as heat load, borehole depth, geothermal gradients and rock thermal conductivity. For verification of host rock tightness while also demonstrating the absence of recent groundwater, a new noble gas analytical facility has been established for measuring rare noble gases in mineral fluid inclusions as indicators of very old pore fluids.

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Farshad, Aliasghar, Hamid Gholami, Mahdi Farzadkia, Roksana Mirkazemi, and Majid Kermani. "The safety of non-incineration waste disposal devices in four hospitals of Tehran." International Journal of Occupational and Environmental Health 20, no. 3 (June 24, 2014): 258–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/2049396714y.0000000072.

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Wang, Tzu-Chueh, Pou-Jen Ku, Hai-Lin Lu, Kung-Chuan Hsu, Damien Trezise, and Yu-Hsuan Hong. "Investigation and Analysis of Medication Disposal in Hospitals and Community Pharmacies in Taiwan." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010011.

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Taiwan offers affordable access to health care through the National Health Insurance (NHI) Program, but this increases the risk of waste of medications and pollution caused by improper disposal. This research aimed to: (1) understand methods of disposal of unused medications, and public awareness of related issues, (2) understand the sources and types of unused medications and reasons for their disposal, and (3) propose improvements to current disposal practices. Data on practices and perspectives on the disposal of medications were collected from members of the public using a questionnaire, and subjected to chi-square analysis of demographic variables. The survey found that many respondents disposed of medications inappropriately, but most believed the government should establish a return system. The majority of discarded medications came from hospitals, and were most frequently discarded because patients had forgotten to take them. Based on these findings, the study proposes that receiving stations be established across Taiwan for the safe and environmentally friendly disposal of unused medications, along with a system of monthly checks and compensation for pharmacists’ costs. The study also suggests that pharmacists strengthen medication guidance, spend more time on medication counseling, better understand the reasons for medication waste, and offer health education and advice to physicians and the public.

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D'souza, Bryal, Arun MS, and Bijoy Johnson. "Comparative Analysis of Cost of Biomedical Waste Management in Rural India." International Journal of Research Foundation of Hospital and Healthcare Administration 4, no. 1 (2016): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10035-1053.

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ABSTRACT Introduction The quantum of waste generated from medical care and activities is a global matter of concern. Improper management of biomedical waste (BMW) has a grave health impact on the community, health care professionals, and the environment.1 It is mandatory by law that every medical organization that generates waste should have a system, process, and resources in place for segregating BMW within the organization for proper disposal. The present article deals with the understanding of various costs associated in BMW management process that will help the health care organization to prioritize their spending and focus on areas that require spending to achieve compliance in process of BMW management. Materials and methods Descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out, to study the compliance of BMW management at three different hospitals with respect to Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2011. A retrospective study was conducted to analyze cost data for a 1-year time period. Cost involved in BMW management was analyzed and classified as capital and recurring costs. The study was undertaken in Udupi taluk, and the taluk comprises 11 hospitals (1 Government and 10 private hospitals). The hospitals were selected using convenient sampling as taking permission to conduct the study was difficult. Only three hospitals were permitted to carry out the study. Results and discussion Compliance was found to be better in accredited hospital than in nonaccredited hospital. This could be attributed to strict adherence to standard operating procedures and regular training of staff. Cost involved in BMW management was analyzed as capital and recurring costs. Since most of the hospital outsource final disposal, capital costs are significantly less compared to recurring costs. Among the recurring costs, maximum expenditure is on consumables like color-coded bags. Cost per bed per day for handling BMW was calculated and it was found to be higher in smaller hospitals. How to cite this article Bryal D'souza, Arun MS, Johnson B. Comparative Analysis of Cost of Biomedical Waste Management in Rural India. Int J Res Foundation Hosp Healthc Adm 2016;4(1):11-15.

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Aneena Suresh, Oorvashree S, Jayalakshmi T, Ramyaa R S, and Ngawang Choedon. "A prospective cross-sectional study on knowledge and practices of healthcare professionals on biomedical waste management from Nilgiris district, Tamilnadu." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 734–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.4176.

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This study was conducted to ascertain the knowledge and practices related to biomedical waste management in secondary care hospitals in our region. The required information was obtained using a simple questionnaire which included 2 parts, namely, knowledge and practices with 16 and 20 questions respectively. Out of the 80 respondents, 75 % were females. Nurses constituted a major fraction of healthcare professionals (70%) in hospitals. About 47.5% of the respondents had a working experience of 0-5 years. Females had better knowledge and practices in the disposal of medical wastes (91.14% and 94.998%) as compared to males (88.125% and 89%). There was a significant association of age with the knowledge (p= 0.013) and insignificant regarding practice (p= 0.998) of healthcare professionals. The knowledge and practices of all healthcare professionals were overall good. There was a significant association between a professional category of healthcare professionals with knowledge (p= 0.00000181) and practices (p= 0.003129) of medical waste disposal. The results of the investigation uncovered that healthcare professionals had great learning about the disposal of biomedical waste. It was additionally discovered that healthcare professionals adhered to the strategies and the rules related to biomedical waste management.

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Prihartanto, Mr. "PREDICTION OF MEDICAL HAZARDOUS WASTE GENERATION FROM COVID-19 PATIENT HANDLING HOSPITALS." Jurnal Sains dan Teknologi Mitigasi Bencana 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jstmb.v15i1.4118.

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The Covid-19 pandemic disaster has resulted in thousands peoples died and hospitalized. Handling of Covid-19 patients requires more medical equipment than normal condition, such as masks, goggles, protective clothing and so on which will increase the rate of generation of medical waste. Prediction of the total medical hazardous waste generation in Indonesia can be calculated using the prediction model of the total number of Covid-19 cases and the average generation of medical waste for each one patient. In this study, the capacity of a hazardous waste incinerator in Indonesia is also calculated to determine the time needed for waste processing. Besides, standar procedures for handling medical hazardous waste from source to final disposal site are also needed.

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B, Meena Preethi, Dharshini B, and Gokul S. "Biomedical Waste Management Using Incineration and Autoclave." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 4645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.43371.

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Abstract: Sanitarium wastes pose significant public health hazard if not duly managed. Hence, it's necessary to develop and borrow optimal waste management systems in the hospitals. Bio-medical waste (BMW) generated in our nation on a day-to-day base is immense and contains contagious and dangerous accoutrements. With the rise in COVID-19 cases, there are concerns about the disposal of huge amounts of biomedical waste. Tamil Nadu generated 35269.74 kg/per day of COVID-19 ‘bio-medical waste’ between 2020 to 2021. This paper deals on managing the Bio-medical waste (BMW) using Incineration and Autoclaving. Keywords: Bio-medical waste (BMW), World Health Organization (WHO), Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB), common bio-medical waste treatment and disposal facility (CBMWTF), Incineration, Autoclaving

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Rajpal, Shweta, Sunil Kumar Garg, Tanveer Bano, and Ganesh Singh. "Biomedical waste management awareness in public and private hospitals in a district of North India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 1499. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20181224.

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Background: For proper disposal of bio-medical waste, introduction of laws only is not sufficient enough but the development of healthcare system that creates awareness and promote effective enforcement of existing BMW management guidelines among all healthcare personnel assumes primary importance. This study was planned to assess the biomedical waste management awareness among paramedical and auxiliary personnel in public and private hospitals in Meerut city.Methods: A cross sectional observational study was carried out in 384 paramedical and sanitary staff of three government and three private hospitals of Meerut from November 2015 to October 2016. Information was collected on predesigned and pretested semi structured questionnaire. Scoring was done on the basis of response to each of the question awarding 1 mark to correct response and zero mark to wrong response. Score obtained between 0-5, 6-10 and 11-15 were labelled as poor, average and good knowledge respectively.Results: In the present study 68.7% (264) of studied paramedical and auxiliary staff was untrained in both public and private hospitals. However, the higher percentage of untrained staff was observed in public hospitals as compared to private hospitals for any category of staff. In public hospitals 28.1% nurses, 25.0% technicians, 15.0% ward boys/aaya, 29.7% sweepers had gone through training for Bio medical waste disposal as compared to 37.5%, 41.7%, 30.0% and 39.1% respectively in private hospitals.Conclusions: The overall awareness was found maximum among nurses as compared to technicians, ward boys/aaya and sweepers. On comparing the percentage of correct responses and scoring in public and private hospital workers, the paramedical and auxiliary staff of private hospitals had higher percentage of correct responses for most of questions. Intensive training programme at regular time interval should be done repeatedly to train and retrain all the staff, which may include question raising and problem solving approach.

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Davis, G., and S. Herat. "Electronic waste: The local government perspective in Queensland, Australia." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 52, no. 8-9 (July 2008): 1031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2008.04.001.

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Mairizal, A. Q., A. Y. Sembada, K. M. Tse, N. Haque, and M. A. Rhamdhani. "Techno-economic analysis of waste PCB recycling in Australia." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 190 (March 2023): 106784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106784.

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He, He, Christian John Reynolds, Zixiang Zhou, Yuan Wang, and John Boland. "Changes of waste generation in Australia: Insights from structural decomposition analysis." Waste Management 83 (January 2019): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.004.

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Al-Momani, Hesham, Mazen Obaidat, Atif Khazaleh, Osama Muneizel, Nour M. Afyouni, and Sayel M. Fayyad. "Review of medical waste management in Jordanian health care organisations." British Journal of Healthcare Management 25, no. 8 (August 2, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjhc.2019.0041.

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Background/Aims Medical waste, or clinical waste, is generated in hospitals, clinics, and pharmaceutical manufacturing as a result of the diagnosis, treatment and medicine that is being produced across the healthcare system. This waste can have a severe effect on both the environment and population health. Overall, between 75% and 90% of the waste produced by healthcare providers is non-risk general waste or domestic waste. It is therefore mandatory for healthcare organisations to have an effective medical waste management plan to eliminate real health and environmental hazards. Methods This article critically reviews literature that investigates the administrative procedures and collection protocols regarding medical waste. Results Several problems occur during the disposal of medical waste in hospitals in Jordan. The research demonstrates how effective waste management can reduce health risks and protect the environment. Conclusion Overall, there is a poor handling of medical waste, which extends to a lack of regulations that govern medical waste procedure.

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