Статті в журналах: "Horticulture – Palau"

1

Guedon*, Jean-Marc G., and James McConnell. "Rooting of Elaeocarpus yoga, an Ornamental Tree Indigenous to Guam." HortScience 39, no. 4 (July 2004): 787B—787. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.39.4.787b.

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Elaeocarpus yoga Merr. (Tiliaceae) is an attractive tree indigenous to the Mariana Islands and Palau. Recently its population has declined due to deforestation, typhoon damage, and pest problems. Stem cuttings of E. yoga were taken from hardwood, semihardwood, or softwood and treated with acid or salt forms of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) at several concentrations. The cuttings were treated with on of the following: acid form at 0.5 mL·L-1 IBA + 0.25 mL·L-1 NAA; 1 mL·L-1 IBA + 0.5 mL·L-1 NAA, 2 mL·L-1 IBA + 1 mL·L-1 NAA; salt form at 1, 3, and 8 g·kg-1 IBA/. Rooting after 8 weeks was compared among treatments. The salt form of the IBA treatment at 3 g·kg-1 produced the greatest rooting percentage, root number and length. The acid form containing both IBA and NAA produced the smallest average rooting percentage.

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2

Ramcharan, Chris, and Paul Hepperly. "SOME NEW PAPAYA CVS FOR ST. CROIX U.S VIRGIN IS." HortScience 27, no. 6 (June 1992): 624d—624. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.27.6.624d.

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Twelve cvs. of Papaya were evaluated for yield and tolerance to drought, high soil pH and disease incidence under a non-pesticide low-input system. Superior yields were obtained from Barbados Solo (BDX 584-1) - 67.1 Kg/tree (tr) and 987 g/fruit (fr), Guanica (GU 2-1) - 60.7 Kg/tr and 888 g/fr, PR 6-65 × Cariflora (CF) - 46.6 Kg/tr and 700 g/fr, and CF - 48.5 Kg/tr and 607 g/fr. Most cvs. survived 19 months with peak yields at 15 months. Pencil top was major disease and only the Palau cv. exhibited St. Croix decline symptoms. Vigorous cvs. included GU 2-1, CF, PR 6-65 × CF and Criolla (CR) several plants of which are fruiting 26 months after planting. Chlorophyll data indicated that CF and CR cvs. had best tolerance to high pH conditions. Cvs. with large pulp size included GU 2-1 (3.7 cm) and SRS × CF (4.2). Brix analyses indicated sweetest fruits were from CF (14.2), SRS × CF (13.4), GU 2-1 (13.7) and PR 6-65 × CF (12.9).

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3

Miyasaka, Susan C., Charles E. McCulloch, and Scot C. Nelson. "Taro Germplasm Evaluated for Resistance to Taro Leaf Blight." HortTechnology 22, no. 6 (December 2012): 838–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.22.6.838.

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Taro leaf blight (TLB), caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora colocasiae, is a worldwide disease that threatens the sustainable cultivation of the tropical root crop taro (Colocasia esculenta). To evaluate taro germplasm from Asia, Hawai‘i, and several South Pacific Islands for resistance to TLB, 119 cultivars were planted along the Hamakua Coast of Hawai‘i (mean annual rainfall of 130 inches) in plots containing five or 10 plants that were replicated over time from 1993 through 2005. Fresh and dry weights of corms were measured after about nine months, with rotten portions removed and weighed. When epidemics of TLB occurred (in nine out of 12 years), visual estimates of disease severity on leaves were assessed using a modified Horsfall–Barratt scale. The correlations between mean dry weight yields for each cultivar and mean severity of TLB, and, respectively, between mean yields and mean severity of corm rots were calculated. As severity of TLB or severity of corm rots increased (suggesting increased susceptibility of particular cultivars to TLB or corm rots), mean dry weight yields decreased significantly (r2 = 0.37 and 0.22, respectively). “Multiple comparisons with the best” (MCB) were conducted on fresh and dry weight yields, severity of TLB, severity of corm rots, percentage dry matter of corm, and consumer acceptance. Five cultivars were found to be “among the best” with: 1) fresh or dry weight yields that did not differ from the highest level; 2) severity ratings for TLB that were significantly lower than the highest level, suggesting TLB resistance; and 3) percentage of corm rots that were lower than the highest level, suggesting disease resistance. These cultivars, four of which originated from Palau, were Dirratengadik, Merii, Ngesuas, Ochelochel, and Sawa Bastora. Two commercial cultivars from Hawai‘i, Bun Long and Maui Lehua, had fresh and dry weight yields that were significantly lower than the maximum and severity of TLB injury that did not differ from the highest level, indicating that conventional breeding of taro to improve TLB resistance could improve yields of commercial taro cultivars, particularly in areas where epidemics of TLB occur.

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4

Gautam, Ankita, R. B. Ram, and K. M. Singh. "Effect of Some Organic Fertilizers on Quality and Yield of Leaf Cuttings of Palak (Beta vulgaris) cv Bengalensis." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International 47, no. 1 (February 5, 2025): 592–96. https://doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2025/v47i13258.

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The present experiment was carried out at the Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University (A Central University), Vidya Vihar, Rae Bareli Road, Lucknow, U.P., India during the year 2019-21. The field experiment was laid out in simple randomized block design comprising of eight treatments combinations with three replication son quality and yield parameters of palak. The experiment finding reveals that all the quality parameters of spinach i.e. chlorophyll content, ascorbic acid, leaf moisture and dry weight were significantly improved by FYM (M3) and application and third time cuttings (C3). Maximum green leaf yield/ha was reported under this treatment has significantly affect treatment (M3) FYM manure applied and three-time cuttings. The maximum chlorophyll content was recorded under the treatment (M3) Azotobacter and first cuttings (M3). The maximum ascorbic acid content was noticed under the treatment(M3) with first time cuttings (C3).

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Raturi, Ganesh, Gargi Goswami, and S. C. Pant. "Study on Genetic Variability, Heritability and Genetic Advance in Spinach Beet under Garhwal Region of Uttarakhand." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 3 (July 2023): 1358–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/bobx3828.

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An investigation was carried out at the Vegetable Research and Demonstration Block, College of Horticulture, Veer Chandra Singh Garhwali, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar Pauri (UK) during September, 2021 to evaluate diverse germplasm of spinach beet under temperate conditions of Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The experiment was laid out in RCBD with three replications. In this study, fifteen genotypes including one check cultivar Pusa Harit were evaluated for different horticultural traits. Eight genotypes viz., Genotype-4, Arka Anupama, All Green, Palak Haryali, Genotype-1, Genotype-10, Genotype-2 and Genotype-7 performed better yield attributing traits and recorded higher than check cultivar. These genotypes need further testing to be released as a substitute of already existing spinach beet varieties or they can be involved in further breeding program for development of superior varieties in spinach beet. Genetic analysis indicated that phenotypic coefficient of variance (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variance (GCV) in all the attributes studied. The phenotypic coefficients of variance (PCV) and the genotypic coefficients of variance (GCV) were found high in total leaves weight per plot, the least was found in dry matter content. High heritability estimates coupled with high genetic gain were found highest for the character average leaves weight per plant and lowest for dry matter content, indicated that these traits are under additive gene effects and are more reliable for effective selection.

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6

Paija, N. A., D. R. Kanzaria, V. D. Solanki, and R. N. Bhoya. "Effect of different growing media on growth, yield and quality of microgreens under greenhouse condition." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 20, no. 2 (June 15, 2024): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15740/has/ijas/20.2/563-569.

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The present investigation entitled “Effect of different growing media on growth, yield and quality of microgreens under greenhouse condition”was carried out at Hi-tech Horticultural Park, College of Horticulture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh during the year 2023. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Design with factorial concept (FRBD) with two factors. The treatments consisted of three levels of growing media i.e., Soil + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V), Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V) and Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V) with five levels of crops i.e., Fenugreek, Onion, Palak, Beet root and Red cabbage. The results on interaction effect of growing media and crops indicated that the treatmentcombination of G3C5 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Red cabbage] recorded maximum germination (89.33 %), number of cells harvested per plug tray (47.67), percentage of cells harvested per plug tray (88.27 %), antioxidant activity (52.10 %), carotenoids content (12.46 mg/100 g)and minimum mortality (1.19 %).However, G2C2 [{Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1V/V)} + Onion] recorded maximum length of microgreens (9.17 cm), G2C1 [{Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1 V/V)} + Fenugreek]recorded maximum root length (4.84cm), G2C5 [{Cocopeat +Vermicompost (1:1 V/V)} + Red cabbage] recorded maximum number of roots (5.07) and G3C4 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Beet root] recorded maximum yield per plug tray (19.93 g). Whereas, maximum chlorophyll content (1.21 mg/g) was noted in G3C3 [{Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1 V/V/V)} + Palak].

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7

Sharma, Deepa, Y. R. Shukla, and Kumud Jarial. "Evaluation of Onion Varieties under Low Hill Conditions of Himachal Pradesh." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 9, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v9i1.228.

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An experiment was conducted to identify promising varieties of onion suited for cultivation under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh. Ten varieties were evaluated at Research Farm of the Institute of Biotechnology and Environmental Science, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur, for two consecutive seasons (2010- 2011 and 2011-2012). The farm is located at an altitude of 620m above mean sea level, with average mean maximum and minimum temperatures of 31.3°C and 12.4°C, respectively, and is a representative site of the low hill region of Himachal Pradesh. Standard package of practices was followed for raising the crop as recommended by the University. Observations were recorded on various horticultural traits, viz., plant height, number of leaves per plant, days to harvest, neck thickness, bulb diameter, bulb weight, TSS, and total yield. In addition, all the varieties were screened for resistance against purple blotch disease. Maximum days to harvest (129.33 days) were seen in the variety Holland Louis, while, variety Agrifound Rose showed minimum number of days (109). Varieties Palam Lohit, Nasik Red, N-53 and Agrifound Dark Red recorded significantly higher bulb yield (275.00, 240.67, 239.25 and 232.37 q/ha, respectively) than the other varieties evaluated. None of the varieties was able to resist the disease totally; however, 'Agrifound Dark Red' was moderately resistant, exhibiting just 13.78% disease incidence. Varieties Palam Lohit, Nasik Red and Agrifound Dark Red had medium bulb size and higher yield. These can be advocated for commercial cultivation under low hill conditions of Himachal Pradesh.

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8

Zahiryan, Gul Ahmad, Rohullah Zahiryan, and Masood Sayeed. "Balance Sheet (Kg/Ha) As Influenced by Treatment Combination of TurfVigor, Agriplex, and Fertilizer Levels." Journal of Natural Science Review 2, no. 4 (December 30, 2024): 110–21. https://doi.org/10.62810/jnsr.v2i4.84.

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An investigation on the effect of TurfVigor (microbial fertilizer) and Agriplex (chelated liquid nutrient) along with fertilizer levels on palak, yield, and quality of palak was conducted at the Horticultural Research Station University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, in 2018. This research aims to determine the minimum consumption of nutrients in palak through the soil using a solution of low-consumption elements. Foliar application of TurfVigor at (1%) has increased the leaf area per plant of palak (358.89 Sq.m), and TurfVigor (2%) has increased the total chlorophyll content (0.94mg/g), total dry weight per plant (0.32g) and yield per plot (3.48kg) in the third harvest. The number of leaves per plant and leaf area index were significantly higher (5.98 and 1.39) in the 75 percent recommended dose of fertilizer application. The better performance of these fertilizers could be attributed to producing a maximum number of leaves, dry weight, and total chlorophyll content with a 100 percent fertilizer dose, a spray of 2 percent TurfVigor, and 0.65 percent Agriplex.

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9

Khichi, Pushpendra, Rajani Pant, and Sandeep Upadhayay. "Performance of garden pea varieties for their growth and yield characteristics in Vidharbha region of Maharashtra, India." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 2300–2304. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i4.1527.

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An experiment was conducted in 2013 to study the performance of different varieties of garden pea under Akola condition at Department of Horticulture Dr.Punjabrao Deshmukh Krishi Vidhyapeeth, Akola, Maharashtra. Eight varieties were evaluated on black soil in replicated randomized block design and Results were found significant for all characters among these varieties. All varieties exhibited considerable variation in their performance for most of the parameters. Better growth and yield parameters in terms of plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, days to first flowering, number of green pod/plant, green pod weight, green pod length, pod yield/plant, green pod yield per plot and green pod yield per ha were noticed in all varieties. Maximum plant height was observed in Jawahar Matar-2 (72.26 cm) and minimum was in Palam Priya (28.46 cm). In case of number of pods plant-1 was maximum in PB-89 (16.43) followed by Palam Triloki (13.9) and minimum in Jawahar Matar-2 (9.83). Similarly for pod characters, average pod weight, maximum pod weight was recorded in PB-89 (6.12 g) and minimum was recorded in Arka Kartik (3.27g). Green pod yield/plant was highest in PB-89 (87.93 g), Palam Triloki (75.45 g) and Ankur (68.42 g). Whereas, maximum green pod/yield. was recorded in PB-89 (93.12q/ha) followed by Palam Triloki (76.97q/ha). Among all these varieties highest protein and Total Soluble Solid contents was recorded in Palam Triloki variety (23.06% and 17.67% respectively). PB-89, Palam Triloki and Ankur had the highest yields over the others, hence, they are recommended to farmers in semi-arid condition of Vidharba region for cultivation.

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V. Sivakumar, A. Srinivasulu, K. Mallikarjuana Rao, and R. V. S. K. Reddy. "Performance of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica L.) genotypes under high altitude Tribal zone of Andhra Pradesh." emergent Life Sciences Research 08, no. 01 (2022): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.31783/elsr.2022.818488.

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The agro-ecological conditions of the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh with the modest temperatures, high rainfall, and rich soil organic carbon provide immense opportunity for the farming of non-traditional high-value crops like broccoli. By considering the favorable climatic conditions available in the Eastern Ghats region of Andhra Pradesh, an experiment on evaluation of different broccoli varieties was taken up to introduce the high-value broccoli crop as well as to suggest a suitable variety for doubling the farmer's income of tribal zone. The present experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Station, Dr. YSR Horticultural University, Chintapalle during 2017- 18 to 2019-20 with nine genotypes in Randomized Block Design in three replications to assess the performance of growth and yield parameters of broccoli genotypes. Among the different genotypes, Palam Vichitra recorded more plant height (63.94 cm) followed by Palam Kanchan (63.29 cm). The leaf length was found to be maximum in Palam Kanchan (51.09 cm) whereas the maximum leaf width was recorded in F1 Festival (16.48 cm). The maximum head diameter was observed in Pusa Samridhi (18.11 cm). The maximum head weight per plant (422.68 g) and yield per hectare (191.72 q) was recorded in the var. Saki. So, Saki variety can be recommended for cultivation at high altitudes and tribal areas of the Eastern Ghat region of Andhra Pradesh to double the tribal farmer’s income.

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Turan, A., and A. İslam. "Postharvest differences between ‘Tombul’ and ‘Palaz’." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1226 (November 2018): 351–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1226.53.

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12

Shukla, Manavendra Kumar, Raj Pandey, Rajaneesh Singh, and Niraj Kumar Prajapati. "Effect of Organic Manures and Leaf Cuttings on Growth, Yield and Quality of Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (August 28, 2023): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193621.

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The present study was aimed at studying the effect of organic manures and the number of cuttings on the growth, yield and quality of palak. The field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season, 2021 at the experimental unit of the Department of Horticulture, Tilak Dhari PG College, Jaunpur (U.P.). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with nine treatment combinations, which were replicated three times. The treatments comprised the various levels, i.e., M0 (without manure), C0 (without cutting), M1 (vermicompost), C1 (two cutting), M2 (farm yard manure), C2 (four cutting), etc. The green leaf yield of palak from different treatment combinations was studied for growth, yield and quality attributes. The result revealed that growth and yield parameters, namely: height of plants (cm), number of leaves per plant, length of leaves (cm), width of leaves (cm), length of petiole (cm), dry matter (g), moisture content (%), and leaf yield (g), were significantly influenced by the application of organic manures and the number of cuttings.

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13

Patel, M. J., B. H. Panchal, A. S. Thounaojam, K. P. Zala, and V. K. Baria. "Response of Levels of Nitrogen and Row Spacing on Growth and Leaf Yield of Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 37, no. 1 (January 11, 2025): 81–87. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2025/v37i15254.

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A field experiment was conducted at Horticultural Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, B. A. College of Agriculture, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, with a view to study the response of levels of nitrogen and row spacing on growth and leaf yield of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) var. Arka Anupama during Rabi season of the year 2019-20 with factorial randomized block design (FRBD) comprising of three levels of nitrogen viz., 60 kg Nha-1 (N1), 80 kg Nha-1 (N2) and 100 kg Nha-1 (N3) and three row spacing viz., 20 cm (S1), 30 cm (S2) and 40 cm (S3) along with three replications. The study was revealed that the application of Nitrogen 100 kgha-1 (N3) gave maximum shoot length (29.24 cm), maximum number of leaves (13.37), maximum leaf area (91.02 cm2), chlorophyll content SPAD value (37.10), ascorbic acid content (76.47 mg) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 57.88, 52.77, 48.23 and 38.33 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.50, 6.24, 5.81 and 4.92 g at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting, respectively and maximum leaf yield per plot (20.90 kg) and per hectare (37.32 t ) while in case of row spacing, S3 (40 cm) gave maximum number of leaves (13.44), maximum leaf area (89.69 cm2) at first cutting, maximum fresh leaf weight i.e. 56.63, 51.92, 46.30 and 36.67 g and maximum dry leaf weight i.e. 6.41, 6.20, 5.82 and 4.75 g at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cutting respectively while, maximum number of plants/sq.m at 10 DAS (47.05), shoot length (28.98 cm), green leaf yield per plot (20.68 kg) and per hectare (36.93 t) observed in treatment S1 (20 cm).

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14

Bangoria, Urvi V., Monu Kumari, N. B. Patel, and Dushyant D. Champaneri. "Qualitative and Quantitative Aspects of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck.) Influenced by Plant Spacing and Varieties." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 36, no. 4 (March 12, 2024): 386–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2024/v36i44492.

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Optimum plant spacing and availability of suitable high yielding cultivars may help the farmers to achieve more returns per unit area by efficient absorption of nutrients and trapping of solar energy. The effect of growing different varieties at various spacing under south Gujarat condition is not tested. Keeping this in view, the present investigation was planned to study during Rabi, 2019-20 at Vegetable Research Farm, Regional Horticultural Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India. There were nine treatment combinations comprising three levels of plant spacings i.e. S1: 30 cm × 30 cm, S2: 45 cm × 30 cm and S3: 45 cm × 45 cm as well as three varieties i.e. V1: Pusa KTS 1, V2: Palam Samridhi and V3: Ganesh Broccoli in a Randomized Block Design (Factorial) with three replications. The results of the study inferred that, maximum values for growth, yield and quality parameters were observed at wider spacing of 45 cm × 45 cm while maximum yield was obtained from closer spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm. Among the all varieties Palam Samridhi performed best and recorded highest values for growth, yield and quality parameters. Variety Palam Samridhi at closer spacing of 30 cm × 30 cm found best for securing higher yield (13.86 t ha-1) and higher BCR (1.91) ratio of broccoli.

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MAJI, SUTANU, TEJ PRAKASH, ANKIT KUMAR GOYAL, ABHISHEK TIWARI, RAZAUDDIN, MAYA RAM, and RAMESH CHAND MEENA. "Effect of foliar application of chitosan and urea on growth, yield and quality of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis L.) cv. All Green." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 12, no. 5 (September 19, 2022): 585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.12(5).p585-590.

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Utilization of organic substances as fertilizer nutrient sources is now popularising due to over increasing risk of chemical fertilizers used in agriculture. The present field experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow, U.P. (India) to assess the effect of chitosan, an alternative biological origin nutrient source and commercial urea on production of palak. The experiment was comprised of eight treatments namely Control- No fertilizer applied (T0), Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) @ 90:30:30 N P K kg/ha (T1), Chitosan @ 50 ppm (T2), @ 75 ppm (T3), @ 100 ppm (T4), @ 125 ppm (T5), @ 150 ppm (T6) and Urea @ 1% (T7) and was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The results showed that foliar application of chitosan and urea significantly influenced the growth, yield and quality of palak. The foliar application of chitosan @ 100 ppm (T4) showed significantly maximum vegetative growth, leaf yield along with better quality of leaves in terms of dry matter content, TSS and Vitamin C content. Urea @ 1% (T7) also showed close result compared to chitosan application. Hence, it will be beneficial to apply chitosan as liquid form @ 100 ppm for spinach beet under subtropical agro-climate condition of Lucknow for better growth, leaf yield and leaf quality.

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Kumar, Shani, R. B. Ram, Subhash Verma, Ravi Shankar Verma, Braj Kishor, Veersain, and Lav Kumar. "Studies on Effect of Different Cutting and Varieties on Growth Parameter of Spinach Beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis L.)." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 4 (March 3, 2023): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i42792.

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During the Rabi season, the Department of Horticulture at Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University Lucknow (U.P.) conducted research on the effect of different cuttings and varieties on the Horticulture Research Farm. The experiment was conducted in a RBD design with 16 treatments and two factor varieties (V1 Chandrika, V2 Pusa Jyoti, V3 All Green, and V4 Palak Katadar) and treatment (C0 no cutting, C1 cutting 1, C2 cutting 2, and C3 cutting 3). We found that the effect of cutting on vegetative growth parameters, viz., plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, leaf petiole length, and germination percentage, is significant. We found that cutting C0 had a significant influence on the growth parameters (plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, and petiole length), with the minimum observed at C3, the maximum germination observed at C1 as compared to C2 treatment, and the least germination recorded at C0 treatment. While plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, petiole length, and germination percentage have a greater influence on Pusa jyoti (V2) than on All Green (V3), minimums are reported for Chandrika (V1).Find that combination V2C3 getting maximum green yield per unit area and per unit time.

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Prashar, Sakshi, Thakur Narender Singh, Nitin Yadav, and Y. R. Shukla. "Influence of Zinc on Zinc Use Efficiency in Broccoli in Mid Hills of Himachal Pradesh." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 18 (August 1, 2023): 1356–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i183402.

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The present investigationt was carried out during rabi season of 2020-21 at the Experimental Research Farm of the Department of Vegetable Science, Dr. YS Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh to find out the effect of zinc on the nutrient use efficiency in Broccoli cv. (Palam Samridhi). The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications. Manures, synthetic fertilizers and micronutrients were replicated thrice in the form of nine treatments. The observations were recorded on marketable yield per plot (kg), Zn content in soil (mg kg-1), Zn uptake in plants (kg ha-1) and zinc use efficiency (%). The treatment combination having 50% N through vermicompost + 50% N through urea + RD of PK and FYM + ZnSO4 @15 kg/ha produced best results for all the parameters studied.

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Virgilio-León, Jenny, José A. García-Salazar, José S. Mora-Flores, Roberto García-Mata, and Rocío Ramírez-Jaspeado. "EFECTOS DE LA POLÍTICA DE PRECIOS DE GARANTÍA SOBRE EL MERCADO DE ARROZ EN MÉXICO." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 46, no. 2 (June 30, 2023): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2023.2.195.

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El arroz (Oryza sativa L.) es el alimento básico más consumido en el mundo; en el caso de México, dicho cereal es esencial al formar parte de la canasta básica; sin embargo, actualmente el consumo depende de las importaciones en 81 %. El programa de precios de garantía inició en 2019 con la finalidad de incrementar el ingreso de los productores y alentar la autosuficiencia alimentaria, por lo que el análisis de sus impactos es importante para realizar recomendaciones de política agrícola. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar los efectos de la política de precios de garantía en producción, consumo, importaciones de arroz palay, importaciones de arroz pulido, precio al consumidor y bienestar social. Se usó un modelo de equilibrio espacial para representar el mercado del arroz en México. Los datos del modelo base corresponden al año agrícola 2020 y los resultados obtenidos, suponiendo apoyo completo del precio de garantía al total de la producción nacional, fueron que la producción de arroz palay aumenta 6.9 % (17.3 mil t) y las importaciones de arroz palay disminuyen 1.9 %; por su parte, las importaciones de arroz pulido, el precio y el consumo de arroz pulido no son afectados. Se concluye que la política de precios de garantía cumple con el objetivo de su creación; sin embargo, el porcentaje de disminución en importaciones es bajo, por lo que se requieren esfuerzos adicionales para disminuir la dependencia alimentaria.

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Akar, A., and S. Z. Bostan. "Variations in quality traits of ‘Tombul’, ‘Palaz’ and ‘Kalınkara’ hazelnuts separated from husks by husker and hand." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1226 (November 2018): 345–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1226.52.

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Beyhan, Neriman. "Effects of planting density on yield and quality characteristics of hazelnut (cv. Palaz) in a hedgerow training system." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 595–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-064.

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Effects of plant density on yield and nut characteristics of Palaz hazelnut (Corylus maxima Mill.) grown in a hedgerow training system in the Black Sea region of Turkey were investigated between 1998 an d 2001. Five planting densities, from 2000 to 6000 plants ha-1, were evaluated. Yield per hectare varied among years, but increased logarithmically with planting density each year. Nut and kernel characteristics varied among years by were not affected by planting density. Key words: Hazelnut, planting density, hedgerow, ocak, training system

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Şen, Yasemin, and Saim Zeki Bostan. "THE EFFECT OF PHOTOSYNTHETIC ACTIVE RADIATION ON YIELD AND QUALITY TRAITS IN ‘TOMBUL’ AND ‘PALAZ’ HAZELNUT CULTIVARS." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Hortorum Cultus 19, no. 5 (October 29, 2020): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24326/asphc.2020.5.4.

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This study was carried out to determine the changes in yield and some quality characteristics of ‘Tombul’ and ‘Palaz’ hazelnut cultivars according to orchards varied in terms of photosynthetic active radiation. The study was carried out in three orchards with full day sun lighted (100% PAR), half day sun lighted (66.34% PAR) and shady (49.93% PAR) in the Fatsa district of Ordu province (Turkey) in 2016. The experiment was designed in random blocks and three replicates. As a results, it was determined that lighting conditions of the orchards have a significant effect on yield and quality traits in both cultivars. As the sun lighting decreased, yield and good kernel rates decreased; blank nut ratio increased. In addition, the oil content was decreased as the lighting in the orchards increased but it was found to be significant only in ‘Tombul’ hazelnut cultivar. As a result, it may be recommended to take into consideration the natural lighting conditions of the orchards in the new plantations, not to plantation the orchard in places that do not have any sunlight and to apply the cultural practices in existing orchards to get enough light.

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Tejaswi, K., K. Venkata Laxmi, S. Mallesh, R. Purnima Mishra, and B. Rajasekar. "Performance of Varieties and Standardization of Plant Density on Growth Parameters in Palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis Roxb.) under Summer Conditions in the Central Telangana Zone." Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology 27, no. 10 (October 15, 2024): 973–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i101520.

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It was a Factorial Randomized Block Design, with two factors (three varieties (Arka Anupama, All Green, Mulayam) and four plant densities (25 cm × 10 cm, 25 cm × 15 cm, 30 cm × 10 cm, 30 cm × 15 cm) and three replications, conducted at Post Graduate Institute for Horticultural Sciences, Sri Konda Laxman Telangana Horticultural University, Mulugu from March to June 2024. The results revealed that Arka Anupama recorded maximum number of leaves per plant (10.51, 13.76, 12.36 and 11.35), length of leaves, width of leaves at 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th cuttings, leaf area (100.00 cm2) and leaf area index (1.51). The maximum plant height (23.35 cm, 26.99 cm, 25.59 cm and 20.46 cm) and length of leaf petiole was recorded in All Green at all cuttings. A 30 cm × 15 cm plant density ` recorded maximum plant height (23.53 cm, 27.11 cm, 25.46 cm and 20.36 cm), number of leaves per plant, length of leaf petiole, length of leaves, width of leaves at all cuttings and leaf area (109.96 cm2). Highest leaf area index (1.11) was recorded in 30 cm × 10 cm plant density. The V1S4 (Arka Anupama, 30 cm × 15 cm) exhibited maximum number of leaves, length of leaves, width of leaves and leaf area, while plant height and length of leaf petiole were highest in V2S4 (All Green, 30 cm × 15 cm). V1S1 (Arka Anupama, 25 cm × 10 cm) recorded highest leaf area index on par with V1S3 (Arka Anupama, 30 cm × 10 cm).

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SHARMA, PALAK, MANISH KUMAR, and ROHIT VERMA. "Influence of direct and staggered sowing of pelleted onion (Allium cepa) seeds on various seed yield parameters under Asian mid-hill conditions." Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 94, no. 10 (October 11, 2024): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijas.v94i10.151991.

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The experiment was conducted during 2021–22 and 2022–23 at Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh to study the impact of precision planting (using pelleted seeds) and sowing dates on the numerous attributes of the onion (Allium cepa L.) variety Palam Lohit. The study was carried out with the objective to determine whether direct seed sowing would lead to successful seed production in onion under mid-hill conditions (which is not the conventional practice). Also, the staggered sowing dates would help to determine the best sowing time for higher seed production. The experiment was laid in randomized block design (Factorial) (F-RBD) with 3 replications having 19 treatments, including 3 pelleting treatments, viz. P1 (wood ash); P2 (ZnSO4 + wood ash); and P3 (H3BO3 + wood ash); 6 sowing dates, viz. D1 (15th September); D2 (1st October); D3 (15th October); D4 (1st November); D5 (15th November); and D6 (1st December); and Da (traditional bulb planting as control). The study revealed that seed pelleting with ZnSO4 + wood ash and early sowing (15th September) gave best results in terms of emergence (%), plant height, number of seeds/umbel and number of seeds/plant, seed yield and 1000-seed weight. The direct sowing treatments produced seeds in one year as opposed to two years using the conventional bulb planting method, which is traditionally being used in the Asian mid-hills.

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Khedkar, Ilal, R. K. Sharma, S. S. Kushwah, and Roshan Gallani. "Influence of Varieties and Nutrient Levels on Growth, Yield and Profitability of Palak (Beta vulgaris var. Bengalensis)." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 13, no. 11 (October 20, 2023): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2023/v13i113293.

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A field experiment was conducted at the Department of Vegetable Science, College of Horticulture, Mandsaur (M.P.) during Rabi season of year 2019-20 to study the “Influence of varieties and nutrient levels on growth, yield and profitability of palak (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis)”. The experiment comprised of two varieties V1 (Pusa Bharati), V2 (All Green) and 6 different nutrient levels (N1- 00:00:00 NPK kg/ha, N2- 40:30:20 NPK kg/ha, N3- 60:40:30 NPK kg/ha, N4- 80:50:40 NPK kg/ha, N5- 100:60:50 NPK kg/ha and N6- 120:70:60 NPK kg/ha). The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The variety Pusa Bharati was found significantly better plant height (26.87 cm, 31.88 cm and 32.12 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant (8.18, 13.70 and 14.02), maximum leaf area (31.28 cm2, 76.53 cm2 and 79.88 cm2), maximum fresh green yield per plant (19.12 g, 20.64 g and 21.79 g), maximum fresh green yield per hectare (191.19, 206.36 and 217.90 q/ha) at 1st, 2nd and 3rd cuttings, respectively. The significantly higher economic performance in terms of gross income (Rs. 246180.00/ha), net income (Rs. 196695.63/ha) and B:C ratio (3.95) was observed with variety Pusa Bharti.Among nutrient levels, N6 (120:70:60 NPK kg/ha) found better for growth, yield and economics i.e., plant height (30.92 cm, 35.04 cm and 35.66 cm), maximum number of leaves per plant i.e. 9.60, 16.10 and 17.99, maximum leaf area i.e. 34.16 cm2, 83.31 cm2 and 88.76 cm2, maximum fresh green yield per plant i.e. 20.27 g, 22.31 g and 24.46 g, maximum fresh green yield per hectare i.e. 202.72, 223.12 and 224.62 q/ha at 1st, 2nd and 3rd cuttings, respectively, highest gross income (Rs. 268180/ha), net income (Rs. 215587.30 /ha) and B:C ratio (4.10) was found with nutrient level N6 (120:70:60 NPK kg/ha). It may be concluded that variety V1 (Pusa Bharati) and nutrient level N6 (120:70:60 NPK kg/ha) showed better performance for growth, yield and economics in spinach.

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Varalakshmi, L. R., and A. N. Ganeshamurthy. "A Market Survey of Vegetables in Bangalore for Heavy Metal Contamination in Relation to Human Health." Journal of Horticultural Sciences 3, no. 1 (June 30, 2008): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24154/jhs.v3i1.603.

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Vegetable samples from one of the main whole sale markets of Bangalore city were collected over two years and analysed for heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni. Heavy metal content of vegetables ranged from 0.24 to 2.54 mg Cd kg-1, 2.16 to 10.40 mg Pb kg-1, 3.08 to 16.2 mg Cr kg-1 and 1.66 to 11.52 mg Ni kg-1. Leafy vegetables accumulated higher concentration of heavy metals followed by root vegetables. Fruit vegetables accumulated the lowest content of heavy metals. But the heavy metal content of all the vegetables crossed the safe limits permitted for human consumption to a far greater extent except that Cd content of root and fruit vegetables were within the safe levels. Among leafy vegetables, amaranthus and palak accumulated the highest content of all the four heavy metals studied.

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Yadav, Dr Neetu, Prof Mukta Singh, and Prof Janardan Yadav. "The Effect of Fruit Waste Compost with Inorganic Fortification on Spinach Quality." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 2130–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49895.

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Abstract: Spinach (Spinacia oleracea), locally known as Palak, is one of the most essential vegetables of the Chenopodiaceae family. It is a rich source of fiber, vitamins A, C, E, K, B6, B2 as well as magnesium, manganese, iron, calcium, potassium, copper, phosphorus, zinc, selenium, folate, betaine, folic acid, collagen, niacin, omega 3 fatty acids, beta carotene, lutein, carotenoids, and quercetin bioflavonoid with many other flavonoids. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different type of compost(T1 - Control, T2 -Sweet lime compost 2 Ton/ha, T3 -Sweet lime compost 4Ton/ha, T4 -Sweet lime compost with Zinc and Iron 2 Ton/ha, T5 -Sweet lime compost with Zinc and Iron 4Ton/ha, T6-Pineapple compost 2 Ton/ha, T7 -Pineapple compost 4Ton/ha, T8-Pineapple compost with Zinc and Iron 2 Ton/ha), T9 -Pineapple compost with Zinc and Iron 4Ton/ha) on spinach. The experiment was conducted at the Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, during the Rabi seasons of 2019 and 2020, respectively. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with three replications. The whole field was first divided into three blocks, and each block was further divided into nine plots. An analysis of variance for all the treatments in Randomized Block Design (RBD) was carried out. For testing the hypothesis, the ANOVA table was used. Except fat content, the results of the sweet lime waste compost were good in terms of the overall proximate composition of spinach. Maximum antioxidant levels in spinach were found at fortified pineapple waste compost rates of 2 and 4 tonnes per hectare, respectively.

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Katoch, Viveka, Akanksha Bharti, Akhilesh Sharma, Neha Rathore, and Vedna Kumari. "Heterosis and combining ability studies for economic traits in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)." LEGUME RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL, OF (May 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/lr-3849.

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A line × tester analysis comprising of 7 promising lines and three testers having wider genetic base was carried out for pod yield and related horticultural traits in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.) Among parents, line 17, line 14 and Palam Triloki were observed as best general combiners for pod yield and majority of component traits. Cross, line 17 x Arkel showed high heterosis and SCA effects for pod yield and related horticultural traits. The cross combination line 17 x Palam Triloki was most promising for early flowering and green pod picking. For most of the traits including pod yield per plant non-additive gene actions were of prime importance.

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Singh, Vipul Pratap, V. M. Prasad, Bankey Lal, Pranjal Singh, Pawan Kumar Maurya, and Ashutosh Upadhyay. "Quality Traits and Economic Returns of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea Var. Italica. Plenck) as Influenced by Different Date of Sowing." Journal of Experimental Agriculture International, May 18, 2022, 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jeai/2022/v44i930843.

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This study was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad (U.P.) during the rabi season of 2016 to 2017 to find out the optimum time of sowing and planting spacing for broccoli varieties as Palam Samridhi, Pusa Kanchan and Lufa F1 Hybrid. Seedlings were raised by sowing on three different dates viz. 20th October, 04 November and 19 November were transplanted at spacing viz. 45 cm x 45 cm. Economic return and biochemical traits of broccoli were significantly influenced by the treatments. In view of experimental results obtained during the present investigation, treatment T4 D2 V1 04 November + V1 Palam Samridhi emerged as superior over all other treatments, in relation to economic return, cost benefit ratio and biochemical traits of broccoli under the agro-climatic condition of Allahabad.

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H., Kuriyal, and Goswami G. "Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield attributes and Yield of Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) under Mid-Hills condition of Uttarakhand." Ecology, Environment and Conservation, June 17, 2022, 806–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53550/eec.2022.v28i02.035.

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A field experiment was conducted in mid hills of Uttarakhand to evaluate the effect of integrated nutrient management on yield attributes and yield of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) at Vegetable Research and Demonstration Block, College of Horticulture, VCSG, Uttarakhand University of Horticulture and Forestry, Bharsar, Uttarakhand in the year 2019. Total 10 different treatment combinations were taken which includes organic manure, inorganic fertilizer and combination of organic and inorganic fertilizer. The crop of broccoli cv. Palam Samridhi was transplanted at a spacing of 50cm Ã 45cm. The result revealed that yield attributes like head width, gross head weight, net head weight, stalk length and yield was recorded highest with the application of 50% RDF + 50% vermicompost emphasizing the beneficial effect of integrated nutrient management on broccoli production.

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Toppo, Astha, Samir E. Topno, and Anita Kerketta. "Performance of Different Varieties of Spinach Beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) under Prayagraj Agro-Climatic Condition." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, October 12, 2022, 3084–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i111356.

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A field experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi 2021-2022 with a view to determine the performance of different varieties of spinach beet (Beta vulgaris var. bengalensis) for its growth, yield under Prayagraj climate and to work out the economics of various treatments. Under this experiment, overall 7 varieties were sown under tags T1 (Pusa Jyoti), T2 (All Green), T3 (All Green H-1), T4 (Green Iron), T5 (Palak- Ashirwad), T6 (Sudevi Green Spinach), T7 (Supriya) which was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. From the present investigation, it was concluded that variety Pusa Jyoti performed best in respect of all parameters specially yield (64.44q/ha) at Prayagraj climatic condition. The benefit-Cost ratio (1.61) of variety Pusa Jyoti was found to be the highest therefore, it can be suggested to farmers to adapt it in cultivation practices.

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Sinha, Anuradha, Paramveer Singh, Ajay Bhardwaj, and Randhir Kumar. "Evaluation of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) Genotypes for Morphological, Qualitative and Biochemical Traits for Protected Cultivation." Current Journal of Applied Science and Technology, February 29, 2020, 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/cjast/2020/v39i230503.

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Fourteen genotypes of tomato collected from different sources were evaluated inside naturally ventilated polyhouse at Polyhouse Complex, Department of Horticulture (Vegetable and floriculture), BAU, Sabour, Bhagalpur during 2018-2019. The experiment was laid out in RBD with three replications. Data from analysis of variance depicted that mean sum of squares of all genotypes were highly significant for all traits under study except titratable acidity and β-carotene which indicated the existence of ample genetic variability among the genotypes. Genotype NS 4266 had least days to first flowering, days fifty percent flowering, lowest number of locules, highest plant height at 60 DAT along with maximum β- carotene & lycopene content; TODINDVAR-8 had lowest number of nodes to first flower and maximum average fruit weight; Palam Tomato Hybrid-1 displayed maximum no. of flower per truss; Heemshikhar had lowest no. of days to first fruiting; TODINDVAR-5 had highest no. of fruit per truss; Arka Abha showed earliest days to first picking; San Marzano had maximum polar diameter and plant height at final stage of harvesting; TODINDVAR-6 show maximum equatorial diameter and lowest titratable acidity; Arka Samrat had maximum pericarp thickness; Hawaii 7998 was observed with maximum no. of fruit per plant; Arka Vikas had maximum TSS content. However, Pant Polyhouse Tomato-2 contained maximum ascorbic acid. Different types of fruit shapes viz. flat round, oval, round, heart shaped, cylindrical and fruit colour viz. red, pink, yellow-orange was exhibited by various genotypes. All the genotype displayed the absence of green shoulder on fruit except San Marzano. Three genotypes namely Palam Tomato Hybrid-1 (5.72 kg/plant), Heemshikhar (4.85 kg/plant) and NS 4266 (4.82 kg/plant) was identified for higher yield among all the genotypes.

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Ozdemir, Ismail Oguz, Celal Tuncer, Fatma Gonul Solmaz, and Burhan Ozturk. "The Impact of Green Shield Bug (Palomena prasina [Hemiptera: Pentatomidae]) Infestation on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L. cvs. ‘Tombul,’ ‘Palaz’ and ‘Çakıldak’)." Erwerbs-Obstbau, July 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10341-022-00713-7.

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Gul, Mansha, F. A. Khan, S. A. Bhat, S. A. Mir, A. A. Malik, Amit Kumar, S. Narayan, Moinuddin ., and S. A. Lone. "Effects of Foliar Application of Melatonin on Head Yield and Quality of Broccoli cv. Palam Samridhi." Indian Journal Of Agricultural Research, Of (January 28, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ijare.a-5915.

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Background: Broccoli is a cruciferous vegetable with green flower buds. It has a reputation as a superfood as it is low in calories but contains a wealth of nutrients and antioxidants that support many aspects of human health. Broccoli is a good source of fibre and protein and contains iron, potassium, calcium, selenium and magnesium as well as the vitamins A, C, E, K and a good array of B vitamins including folic acid. Methods: Thirty days old and uniform seedlings of broccoli cv. Palam Samridhi were transplanted in the field at a spacing of 45 × 45 cm. Different concentrations of Mel, viz. 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 ppm with three replications were sprayed at 15 days after transplanting (DAT). Head diameter, weight, chlorophyll and carotenoids, sugar, proteins and antioxidant were analyzed at harvest. Result: Results showed that the maximum head diameter (10.7 cm), weight (233.8 g), chlorophyll (0.79 mg/g.FW), carotenoid (0.028 mg/g.FW), phenol (178.1 mg/100 g DW), total antioxidant (362.3 mg GAE 100 g DW) and MSI (45.38%) levels were recorded with Mel 60 ppm. However, the highest levels of sugar (129.0 µg/g) and protein (88.0 µg/g) were recorded with Mel 80 ppm followed by Mel 60 ppm.

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Thakur, Nootesh K., Krishan Pal Singh, Beena Singh, Rajshree Shukla, Bhagwat Kumar, and Khemraj. "Performance and Economical Cost Analysis of Different Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) Varieties under Sub Tropical Conditions of Central India." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, October 6, 2022, 2939–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2022/v12i1131286.

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The present study was carried out at Research cum Instructional Farm of College of Horticulture and Research Station, Jagdalpur, Chhattisgarh, during the Rabi season of 2021 to investigate the selection of superior radish varieties having high yield potential with better quality root for Bastar plateau. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design (RBD) with fifteen treatments and three replications. The fifteen varieties of radish, used for study as treatments were viz. Pusa Chetki, Pusa Mridula, Pusa Shweta, Pusa Gulabi, Pusa Jamuni, Kashi Hans, Kashi Muli 40, Kashi Lohit, Chinese Pink, MRH111, Snow White, Mino Early, Ivory White, R-30 and Palak Patta (check). The growth attributing characters of radish varieties expressed in terms of days to 50 per cent germination and days to harvest were significantly the earliest in Pusa Mridula (6.33 and 47.33 respectively); plant height, fresh weight of roots, dry weight of roots, root yield (kg plot-1) and root yield (t ha-1) were the maximum in Kashi Lohit (37.69 cm, 153.75 g, 26.27 g, 7.69 kg plot-1 and 38.44 t ha-1) respectively number of leaves plant-1, East-West spread of the plant, fresh weight of leaf and leaf area index in Pusa Jamuni (13.33, 33.43 cm, 109.59 g and 5.47 respectively); North-South spread of the plant in Ivory White (46.50 cm); fresh and dry weight of plant in Kashi Muli-40 (254.93 g and 30.28 g respectively), dry weight of leaf in Mino Early (11.00 g) While, Pusa Gulabi recorded the maximum leaf yield kg plot-1 and leaf yield t ha1 (5.48 kg plot-1 and 27.40 t ha-1 respectively). Among all the treatments significantly higher length of root (31.03 cm), diameter of root (5.65 cm) and root to shoot ratio (2.17) at harvest were observed in variety R-30, Pusa Chetki and Kashi Hans respectively. The results depicted that Kashi Lohit produced significantly the maximum net income, gross income and benefit-cost ratio (Rs 3,84,373.30 ha-1; Rs 2,87,580.30 ha-1 and 2.97 respectively) among the other treatments.

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