Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Horizontal range"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Horizontal range"
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Morikawa, Daisuke, and Tatsuya Hirahara. "Signal frequency range necessary for horizontal sound localization." Acoustical Science and Technology 31, no. 6 (2010): 417–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1250/ast.31.417.
Повний текст джерела
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Tanaka, Hiroki, Hiroshi Tamura, and Izumi Ohzawa. "Spatial range and laminar structures of neuronal correlations in the cat primary visual cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 112, no. 3 (August 1, 2014): 705–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00652.2013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Activities of nearby cortical cells show temporal correlation on many timescales. In particular, previous studies of primary visual cortex (V1) indicate precise correlation on a timescale of milliseconds and loose correlation on a timescale of tens of milliseconds. To characterize cortical organization of these correlations, we investigated their spatial extent, laminar organization, and dependence on receptive field (RF) similarities. By simultaneously recording neuronal activity across layers within a horizontal distance of 1.2 mm, we found that loose correlation was widely observed for neuronal pairs horizontally or vertically separated over the whole distance range regardless of the layers. The incidence of loose correlation tended to be lower in layer 4 than in other layers. Loose correlation also accompanied a consistent delay in firing that was monotonically related to the vertical, but not horizontal, distance between the paired neurons. In contrast, the spatial range in which precise correlation was observed was more limited, with its incidence dropping sharply within 0.4 mm in both vertical and horizontal directions for all layers. With these spatial ranges, precise correlation was typically observed for pairs of neurons in the same layers, while loose correlation was often present even for pairs of neurons in widely separated layers. Furthermore, precise correlation was predominantly seen for pairs with similar RF properties, whereas loose correlation was seen even in pairs showing dissimilar properties. Our results show that neuronal correlations in V1 show markedly different structures for horizontal and vertical dimensions depending on correlation timescales.
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Li, Nansong, Minghui Zhang, and Bo Gao. "Horizontal Correlation of Long-Range Bottom Reverberation in Shallow Sloping Seabed." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 4 (April 13, 2021): 414. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9040414.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The performance of active sonar detection systems is seriously affected by the reverberation at the bottom of the waveguide in shallow water. In order to improve the performance of active sonar detection, it is necessary to understand the horizontal correlation of shallow-water bottom reverberation in active towed-array processing technology. However, the current research on the spatial correlation of reverberation is mainly based on vertical correlation, little work has been done on the horizontal correlation characteristics of long-distance seabed reverberation, and there is no support from sea test data. In this paper, the coupled mode reverberation model is applied to the horizontal correlation, and is studied according to the receiving position, time, and frequency. The simulation results show that, for the long-range bottom reverberation, the lateral correlation is greater than the longitudinal correlation in the horizontal space. By introducing the adiabatic mode solution, the mathematical model of horizontal correlation in the range-dependent waveguide with depth is derived. The numerical results show that the influence of the seabed dip angle on the horizontal correlation should be considered and that the horizontal correlation is affected obviously by the propagation effects of the sloped sea floor. Finally, the experimental data processing and analysis are given and verify the correctness of the algorithm.
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Gedney, Larry. "Stress trajectories across the Northeast Alaska Range." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 75, no. 4 (August 1, 1985): 1125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/bssa0750041125.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract A single earthquake on the southeast portion of the Denali fault in 1981 and two earthquake swarms occurring in 1981 and 1984 on the northern flanks of the Alaska Range south of Fairbanks indicate that the axis of maximum horizontal compressive stress is oriented in a NW-SE direction in the region. This is in accord with earlier findings by Nakamura et al. (1980) that tectonic trends signal a similar orientation of maximum horizontal compressive stress trajectories here.
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Dijkstra, TH J. B. Kropmans, Stegenga, and De Bont. "Ratio between vertical and horizontal mandibular range of motion." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 25, no. 5 (May 1998): 353–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2842.1998.00256.x.
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Whipple, F. J. W. "The horizontal range of vision as a meteorological observation." Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society 48, no. 202 (August 15, 2007): 85–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.49704820202.
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Gornati, S., M. Merlo, and N. Tingle. "Horizontal deflection processor for wide range self-adaptive monitor." IEEE Transactions on Consumer Electronics 37, no. 3 (1991): 537–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/30.85564.
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Gifford, F. A. "Some Recent Long-Range Diffusion Observations." Journal of Applied Meteorology 34, no. 7 (July 1, 1995): 1727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450-34.7.1727.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Recent atmospheric cloud-spreading (relative diffusion) data from a variety of sources are combined to show that the horizontal spreading rate is approximately linear over a time range from 1 to 10 or more hours (20–200 or more km) of downwind cloud travel. This result agrees with earlier observational studies, in which the horizontal cloud standard deviation σy has consistently been found to vary as tp, where t is the downwind travel time and p is in the range 1–1.2. For the present dataset, σy is found to vary as t1.1. A recent theoretical prediction, p = 7/6, valid over the entire range of t, is very close to these observed values.
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Kimura, Y., and J. R. Herring. "Energy spectra of stably stratified turbulence." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 698 (March 27, 2012): 19–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2011.546.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractWe investigate homogeneous incompressible turbulence subjected to a range of degrees of stratification. Our basic method is pseudospectral direct numerical simulations at a resolution of $102{4}^{3} $. Such resolution is sufficient to reveal inertial power-law ranges for suitably comprised horizontal and vertical spectra, which are designated as the wave and vortex mode (the Craya–Herring representation). We study mainly turbulence that is produced from randomly large-scale forcing via an Ornstein–Uhlenbeck process applied isotropically to the horizontal velocity field. In general, both the wave and vortex spectra are consistent with a Kolmogorov-like ${k}^{\ensuremath{-} 5/ 3} $ range at sufficiently large $k$. At large scales, and for sufficiently strong stratification, the wave spectrum is a steeper ${ k}_{\perp }^{\ensuremath{-} 2} $, while that for the vortex component is consistent with ${ k}_{\perp }^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $. Here ${k}_{\perp } $ is the horizontally gathered wavenumber. In contrast to the horizontal wavenumber spectra, the vertical wavenumber spectra show very different features. For those spectra, a clear ${ k}_{z}^{\ensuremath{-} 3} $ dependence for small scales is observed while the large scales show rather flat spectra. By modelling the horizontal layering of vorticity, we attempt to explain the flat spectra. These spectra are linked to two-point structure functions of the velocity correlations in the horizontal and vertical directions. We can observe the power-law transition also in certain of the two-point structure functions.
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ISHIKA, Takashige, and Chizuko NODA. "SENSORY ASSESSMENT OF HORIZONTAL VIBRATION OVER A WIDE FREQUENCY RANGE." Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ) 63, no. 506 (1998): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aija.63.9_4.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Horizontal range"
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Engström, Ellinor, and Hanna Svedman. "Horizontal brand extensions : the key factors of success." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Textilhögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20817.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Background: All brands need to keep moving and to keep building their stories by bringing new and exciting products or experiences. During the last twenty years, companies have been more and more convinced that their brands are among their most valuable resources and today we see an increasing trend of brand extension attempts, however with a significant number of failures, as well.The strategies of how a brand extension should be done, have been published in several books during the last decades. Despite of this, some companies still do not see the link between brand extension and business development. There seem to be a certain lack of knowledge and understanding of the underlying factors that affect a brand extension. In this study, we would therefore like to examine and identify these different factors in order to create a greater understanding of branding strategies.Purpose: The purpose of this study is to research, describe and analyse the nature of horizontal brand extensions in order to create a theory regarding the essential key factors to take into consideration before considering an extension. Based on the theory, the hypothesis will be tested empirically in order to strengthen- or reject it.Methodology: This study is made with a deductive approach, where the theoretical framework, based on previous presented theories, has led to the conformation of our hypothesis, which has later on been applied to the findings from the empirical researches in order to confirm or discard our hypothesis.The empirical basis consists of qualitative interviews with respondents from two companies with experience from horizontal brand extension: Craft of Scandinavia and Peak Performance.Conclusion: Our conclusion from this research is that for a horizontal extension to be successful it must:‐ Be a part of a brand with a clear brand image and plan, for the brand ‐ Fit the brand ‐ Live up to the original brand promise - Fit with the old associations and generate new, positive associations to the brand ‐ Have high perceived quality and trust in the mind of the customer- Be a part of a risk evaluation in order to limit the risks and obtain a more realistic view of the extension.Program: Textil produktutveckling med entreprenörs- och affärsinriktning
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Новосьол, Катерина Ігорівна. "Математичне та програмне забезпечення для формулювання авіаційної метеодовідки". Master's thesis, КПІ ім. Ігоря Сікорського, 2020. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/40116.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Магістерська дисертація складається зі вступу, чотирьох розділів, висновку та двох
додатків, містить 14 рисунків, 29 таблиць та 15 джерел. Повний обсяг магістерської дисертації складає 98 сторінок, з яких додатки – 8 сторінок.
До магістерської дипломної роботи Новосьол Катерини Ігорівни на тему:
«Математичне та програмне забезпечення для формулювання авіаційної
метеодовідки».
Актуальність теми.
Мета дослідження. Метою магістерської дисертації є дослідження
функціонування аеропортів за складних метеорологічних умов, розробка показників функціонування аеропортів при цих умовах, розробка методики їх аналітичного і статистичного моделювання та розробка прикладного програмного забезпечення для формування коду довідки, який можна використати для передачі у повідомленні закритого вигляду.
Для досягнення поставленої мети необхідно вирішити комплекс наступних
взаємопов’язаних завдань:
- проаналізувати існуючі показники метеорологічних умов, котрі впливають
на функціонування аеропортів за складних метеорологічних умов;
- проаналізувати методи формування метеодовідок та їх залежність від
погодних параметрів;
- дослідити вплив метеорологічних умов (а саме кліматичних
характеристик) на політ літака;
- дослідити динамічні процеси розвитку кліматичних характеристик з
урахуванням метеорологічних умов;
- розробити методику аналітичного та статистичного моделювання
показників;
- спроектувати та розробити програмне забезпечення для формування
довідки із застосуванням запропонованої методики.
Об’єктом дослідження є прикладне програмне забезпечення для для формування коду довідки, який можна використати для передачі у повідомленні закритого вигляду.
Предметом дослідження є засоби автоматизації формування кодів метеорологіної довідки з урахуванням впливу кліматичних характеристик на політ повітряних суден у складних метеорологічних умовах.
Методами дослідженняє загальнонаукові принципи проведення досліджень.
В дослідженні використано методи:
- наукового аналізу та синтезу для виявлення проблемних аспектів систем моделювання;
- методи теорії ймовірності;
- метод статистичного моделювання.
Наукова новизна. Вперше сформовано метеодовідку, яка відрізняється від існуючих новою методикою виведення горизонтальної дальності видимості, що дозволяє підвищити точність прогнозування польоту.
Практичне значення отриманих результатів.Результатом роботи є прикладний програмний застосунок для оцінювання метеорологічних характеристик аеродрому та формулювання авіаційної метеодовідки.
Зв'язок роботи з науковими програмами, планами, темами.
Дисертаційна робота магістра виконувалась у Національному технічному університеті України "Київський політехнічний інститут ім. Ігоря Сікорського" згідно з планом науково-дослідницьких робіт кафедри а автоматизованих систем обробки інформації та управління.
Публікації. Наукові положення дисертації були опублікованіна V всеукраїнській науково-практичній конференції молодих вчених та студентів «Інформаційні системи та технології управління»(ІСТУ-2020).The master's dissertation consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion and two appendices, contains 14 figures, 29 tables and 15 sources. The full volume of the master's dissertation is 98 pages, of which the appendices are 8 pages. To Kateryna Ihorivna Novosyol's master's thesis on the topic: " Mathematical and software application for aviation meteorological report formulation ". Actuality of theme. The aim of the study. The purpose of the master's dissertation is to study the operation of airports in difficult weather conditions, to develop indicators of airport operation under these conditions, to develop methods for their analytical and statistical modeling and to develop application software for reference code that can be used to transmit in closed message. To achieve this goal it is necessary to solve a set of the following interrelated tasks: - to analyze the existing indicators of meteorological conditions that affect the functioning of airports in difficult meteorological conditions; - to analyze the methods of forming meteorological reports and their dependence on weather parameters; - to investigate the influence of meteorological conditions (namely climatic characteristics) on the flight of the aircraft; - to study the dynamic processes of development of climatic characteristics taking into account meteorological conditions; - to develop a method of analytical and statistical modeling of indicators; - to design and develop the software for formation of the reference with application of the offered technique. The object of the study is application software for generating help code, which can be used for transmission in a closed message. The subject of the research is the means of automating the formation of meteorological reference codes taking into account the influence of climatic characteristics on the flight of aircraft in difficult meteorological conditions. Research methods are general scientific principles of research. The study used the following methods: - scientific analysis and synthesis to identify problematic aspects of modeling systems; - methods of probability theory; - method of statistical modeling. Scientific novelty. For the first time a meteorological report was formed, which differs from the existing ones by a new method of deriving the horizontal range of visibility, which allows to increase the accuracy of flight forecasting. The practical significance of the results. The result of the work is an applied software application for assessing the meteorological characteristics of the aerodrome and the formulation of aviation meteorological information. Connection of work with scientific programs, plans, themes. The dissertation of the master was performed at the National Technical University of Ukraine "Kyiv Polytechnic Institute named after Igor Sikorsky" according to the plan of research work of the department of automated information processing and control systems. Publications. The scientific provisions of the dissertation were published at the V All-Ukrainian scientific-practical conference of young scientists and students "Information systems and management technologies" (ISTU-2020).
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Junior, Afrânio Ferreira Neves. "Qualidade física de solos com horizonte antrópico (Terra Preta de Índio) na Amazônia Central." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11140/tde-28072008-155658/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As Terras Pretas de Índio (TPI) apresentam por definição o horizonte A antrópico, de cor escura, com presença de artefatos líticos e/ou cerâmicos oriundos do processo de ocupação humana na Amazônia. As áreas que ocorrem se diferenciam dos solos adjacentes por exibirem e manterem condições químicas do solo adequadas ao crescimento de plantas, mesmo após vários anos de cultivo. Essa pesquisa testa a hipótese que de que as TPI exibem condições físicas do solo adequadas ao crescimento de plantas e, mais adequadas que às encontradas nos solos adjacentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físicas dos horizontes antrópicos de duas TPI relacionando-as com as propriedades estruturais do solo que podem limitar o crescimento de plantas. Para a realização deste estudo foram amostradas duas áreas com horizonte A antrópico (TPI) e amostras do solo adjacente. A primeira área está localizada na estação experimental da Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental (Campo Experimental do Caldeirão) no município de Iranduba, Estado do Amazonas. O solo adjacente foi classificado como Argissolo Amarelo Tb Distrófico. A segunda área está localizada em uma pequena propriedade agrícola no município de Manacapuru, Estado do Amazonas. O solo adjacente foi classificado como Latossolo Amarelo Tb Distrófico. Para a caracterização das propriedades físicas do solo, coletaram-se 120 amostras de solo indeformadas na profundidade entre 0-0,05 m e oito amostras de solo com o formato de blocos (7,0 x 15 x 22 cm). As amostras coletadas foram utilizadas para determinar a curva de retenção da água no solo, a condutividade hidráulica saturada, a curva de resistência do solo à penetração, a densidade do solo, densidade de partículas, a porosidade total do solo, a estabilidade e a resistência tênsil de agregados e a friabilidade do solo. Além das propriedades físicas, o Intervalo Hídrico Ótimo (IHO) e o índice \"S\" foram utilizados como indicadores da qualidade física do solo. A hipótese da pesquisa foi parcialmente comprovada. Os índices de qualidade do solo constataram que as Terras Pretas de Índio apresentam condições físicas do solo adequadas ao crescimento de plantas, entretanto, as TPI não apresentam propriedades físicas mais adequadas ao crescimento de plantas que os horizontes superficiais adjacentes.Amazonian Dark Earth (ADE) presents an Anthropic A horizon, with dark color and presence of lithic and ceramics sherds. Those topsoil characteristics resulted from old Indian settlements from the pre-Columbian time in the Amazon Basin. ADE shows differences from the surrounding soils by its very good soil chemical characteristics and that are still in the most sites very fertile and productive after long time of cultivation. In this study we tested the hypothesis that ADE presents good soil physical conditions to plant growth, and more appropriate than the surrounding soil. The objective of this study was to evaluate physical properties of Anthropic horizons of two sites with ADE. The soil physical properties were discussed concerning the potencial impacts on plant growth. The Anthropic horizons from two ADE sites were sampled and also the A horizon from the surrounding soil. The ADE sites sampled were located in the Amazonas State in Brazil, one at the Experimental Research Station of Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental (Campo Experimental do Caldeirão) - Iranduba, the surrounding soil was an Dystric Yellow Acrisol. The another site was located near the city of Manacapuru - AM in a private farm. The adjacent soil in this area was classified as Dystric Yellow Ferralsol. At the depth of 0-0,05 m, 120 soil cores were collected along with eight soil box (7,0 x 15 x 22 cm). At the laboratory, soil samples were analyzed to determine: soil water retention curve, saturated hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance curve, bulk density, particle density, total porosity, aggregate stability, tensile strength and friability. The Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) and S indexes were used as soil physical quality indicators. The hypothesis was partially proven. The soil quality indexes indicated that ADE presented appropriate soil physical conditions for plant growth; however, the ADE had no better soil physical quality than the surrounding soil.
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Farias, Ismar Lima de. "Comportamento mecânico e hídrico de um argissolo amarelo de tabuleiros costeiros cultivado com cana-de-açúcar." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/6647.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Coastal Tableland ecosystem is of great importance for the Brazilian Northeast region being mainly cultivated with the sugar cane crop. This ecosystem has soils with cohesive layer of geogenic origin presenting a dense layer that can became denser by an intensive use of agricultural machines and implements under insufficient soil moisture. The development and deepening of roots are restricted by this dense layer that reduce the water infiltration and availability in the soil profile, that associated to dry season periods has as a result the decrease of crops productivity and longevity. Therefore, the present work aimed to study the mechanical and hydraulic behavior of a Yellow Ultisol of the Alagoas coastal tablelands cultivated with sugar cane. Soil volumes were taken between 0,0 0,20m; 0.20 0.40m and 0.40 60m, representing respectively the Ap, AB and Bt horizons of a Yellow Ultisol of the Progresso Farm belonging to Coruripe Sugar Mill, and used in the laboratories trials. Treatments were composed by different soil densities, obtained by test bodies inside volumetric rings from soil volumes with preserved structure. The bodies test were submitted to laboratory resistance and penetration essays, with moisture referred to the tensions used in the construction of the characteristic curves of soil moisture retention used by the Embrapa Coastal Tablelands Soil Physic Laboratory. The Ap horizon does not present restriction to root development in view the laboratory penetration resistance (LPR) did not reach the limiting considered value. The critical Ds of AB and Bt horizons under disturbed soil were respectively 1.844 Mg m-3 and 1.628 Mg m-3. In undisturbed soil it was observed a critical Ds of respectively 1.617 Mg m-3 and 1.619 Mg m-3 for the same horizons. However, the Ds where root development by θrp ≥ 2000 kPa restriction began, was 1.609 Mg m-3 for disturbed soil and 1.494 Mg m-3 for undisturbed soil in the 0.20 m 0.40 m layer; in the 0.40 0.60 m layer the Ds was 1.453 Mg m-3 and 1.273 Mg m-3 respectively for undisturbed and disturbed soil. Soil disturbance showed to be benefic on the mechanic and hydraulic behavior of soil for the AB and Bt horizons of the Yellow Ultisol even keeping the same density, suggesting the necessity of new studies, mainly in field, to point out the soil most adequate management for crop progress.O ecossistema de Tabuleiros Costeiros é de grande importância para a região Nordeste do país e é ocupado, principalmente, pelo cultivo da cana-de-açúcar. Esse ecossistema possui solos com horizontes coesos de origem pedogenética, apresentando adensamento que pode ser potencializado pelo uso intensivo de máquinas e implementos agrícolas com umidade do solo inadequada. O desenvolvimento e aprofundamento radicular são prejudicados pelo adensamento, que diminui a capacidade de infiltração e a disponibilidade de água no perfil do solo, que associado aos períodos de estiagem resulta em queda na produtividade e longevidade das lavouras. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o comportamento mecânico e hídrico de um Argissolo Amarelo de tabuleiros costeiros cultivado com cana-de-açúcar no estado de Alagoas. Para os ensaios de laboratório foram utilizados volumes de solo retirados nas profundidades de 0 a 0,20 m, 0,20 a 0,40 m e 0,40 a 0,60 m, representando os horizontes Ap, AB e Bt de áreas de Argissolo Amarelo da Fazenda Progresso de propriedade da Usina Coruripe. Os tratamentos foram compostos por diferentes densidades do solo obtidas por meio de corpos de prova contidos dentro de anéis volumétricos, a partir de volumes de solo com estrutura não preservada. Os corpos de prova foram submetidos a ensaio de resistência à penetração em laboratório, com umidade referente às tensões utilizadas para construção da curva característica de retenção de água no solo, utilizadas pelo Laboratório de Física do Solo da Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros. O horizonte Ap não apresenta restrições ao desenvolvimento radicular, visto que a resistência a penetração em laboratório (RPL) não atingiu o valor considerado limitante. A Ds crítica para os horizontes AB e Bt com solo desestruturado foram 1,844 e 1,628 Mg m-3, respectivamente. No solo com estrutura preservada observou-se Ds crítica de 1,617 e 1,619 para os mesmos horizontes. Contudo, a Ds em que começa a restrição ao desenvolvimento radicular pela θrp ≥ 2000 kPa foi 1,609 Mg m-3 com solo desestruturado e 1,494 Mg m-3 para o solo com estrutura preservada na profundidade de 0,20 a 0,40 m; na profundidade de 0,40 a 0,60 m essa Ds foi 1,453 e 1,273 Mg m-3 para o solo desestruturado e com estrutura preservada, respectivamente. A desestruturação mostrou-se benéfica ao comportamento mecânico e hídrico do solo para os horizontes AB e Bt do Argissolo Amarelo, ainda que continue com a mesma densidade, sugerindo mais estudos, principalmente em campo, que indiquem o manejo mais adequado para o desenvolvimento das culturas nesse solo.
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Henry, Andrii. "Mobilní app pro měření odstupu od předchozího vozidla v provozu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-234922.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This master's thesis deals with development of mobile app for measuring the range from the preceding vehicle in traffic using visual-based methods. This paper describes implementation of computer vision algorithms of detection and tracing objects, detection of horizon on desktop and mobile devices. Also deals with visual-based range measuring without any other mechanisms. The output of the work is implemented detectors of vihicles and horizon using OpenCV library on the Windows platfom and draft of user inerface of a mobile phone aplication on the Android platform.
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Taylor, Graeme Patrick. "Actual and potential host range of Arsenophonus nasoniae in an ecological guild of filth flies and their parasitic wasps." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/2684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The gammaproteobacterium Arsenophonus nasoniae infects Nasonia vitripennis (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), a parasitic wasp that attacks filth flies. This bacterium kills virtually all male offspring of infected females. Female wasps transmit A. nasoniae both vertically (from mother to offspring) and horizontally (to unrelated Nasonia developing in the same fly). This latter mode may enable the bacterium to colonize novel species and spread throughout a filth fly-parasitoid guild. This spread may be important for maintenance of the bacterium. The ecology of novel hosts may be significantly impacted by infection. The actual and potential host range of A. nasoniae was assessed. I used Arsenophonus-specific primers to screen a large sample of filth flies and their parasitoids. The bacterium infects a wide range of wasp species in the environment. The potential host range was determined by inoculating three wasp and one fly species with an isolate of A. nasoniae from Lethbridge, AB. The bacterium successfully infected all insects and was transmitted by two wasp species. It reduced host longevity, but did not kill males, in Trichomalopsis sarcophagae. It also caused pupal mortality in Musca domestica.
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Мізіна, А. О. "Економічне обґрунтування диверсифікації діяльності підприємства ТОВ «Ал-Пластик»". Thesis, 2018. http://dspace.oneu.edu.ua/jspui/handle/123456789/7845.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Кваліфікаційна робота магістра складається з трьох розділів. Об’єкт дослідження – процес диверсифікації у ТОВ «Ал-Пластик».
У роботі розглядаються теоретичні аспекти горизонтальної диверсифікації продукції у ТОВ «Ал-Пластик».
Проаналізовано господарську діяльність ТОВ «Ал-Пластик»
Запропоновано розширити товарний асортимент, виготовленої товарної продукції ТОВ «Ал-Пластик».Thesis consists of three chapters. Object of study – process of diversification of activity LLC «Al-Plastic». Diploma thesis deals with theoretical aspects of horizontally diversified products from LLC "Al-Plastic". The economic activity of LLC «Al-Plastik» was analyzed. It is proposed to expand the range of products manufactured by LLC «Al-Plastik».
Книги з теми "Horizontal range"
1
Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 24. Equal Treatment and Non-Discrimination. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses EU anti-discrimination law, which, over the past decade and a half, has expanded significantly to cover a wide range of grounds and contexts. In addition to requiring equal treatment for women and men, the Treaty provides legislative competence to combat discrimination on a range of grounds. The Charter of Fundamental Rights, which has a chapter devoted to equality, has been incorporated into the EU Treaties. Article 21 of the Charter prohibits discrimination on any ground. Articles 8 and 10 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) contain horizontal clauses requiring the EU to promote equality between men and women, and to combat discrimination based on certain grounds, namely sex, racial or ethnic origin, religion or belief, disability, age, or sexual orientation in all of its policies and activities.
2
Hill, Jane H. Historical Linguistics. Edited by Barbara Mills and Severin Fowles. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199978427.013.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Comparative Method in historical linguistics distinguishes resemblances among languages due to vertical transmission from those due to horizontal transmission, and from resemblances due to non-historical factors like chance. Alternative phylogenetic methods that seek long-range connections among languages have not been shown to consistently detect this distinction. Derived from the Comparative Method are the study of language contact and areal connections, lexicostatistical dating methods and linguistic-paleontological methods for reconstructing cultural knowledge. Methodological debates in historical linguistics, and application of these methods to cases in the linguistic history of the Southwest, are reviewed, suggesting that, in spite of the paucity of available data for many languages, historical linguistic methods have an important role to play in developing hypotheses about Southwestern prehistory.
3
Ogorzalek, Thomas K. Antiracism Without Antiracists. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190668877.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This pivotal chapter draws on the insights of city delegation theory and uses a mixed-methods approach to help explain one of the most important changes in American political history—the midcentury partisan realignment in response to civil rights. Using a wide range of evidence and analysis, this chapter illustrates how city representatives, including those with all-white constituencies who were not particularly supportive of civil rights, were cohesively supportive of a new approach to national race relations. Throughout the Long New Deal, city representatives—especially those from cities with strong local institutions of horizontal integration—were the most supportive of civil rights liberalism. This account forces a reconsideration of the forces behind political change and examines how local institutions can build alliances to support inclusive policies and politics, even when the constituencies behind such coalitions are not natural allies.
4
Kirchman, David L. Genomes and meta-omics for microbes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789406.003.0005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The sequencing of entire genomes of microbes grown in pure cultures is now routine. The sequence data from cultivated microbes have provided insights into these microbes and their uncultivated relatives. Sequencing studies have found that bacterial genomes range from 0.18 Mb (intracellular symbiont) to 13 Mb (a soil bacterium), whereas genomes of eukaryotes are much bigger. Genomes from eukaryotes and prokaryotes are organized quite differently. While bacteria and their small genomes often grow faster than eukaryotes, there is no correlation between genome size and growth rates among the bacteria examined so far. Genomic studies have also highlighted the importance of genes exchanged (“horizontal gene transfer”) between organisms, seemingly unrelated, as defined by rRNA gene sequences. Microbial ecologists use metagenomics to sequence all microbes in a community. This approach has revealed unsuspected physiological processes in microbes, such as the occurrence of a light-driven proton pump, rhodopsin, in bacteria (dubbed proteorhodopsin). Genomes from single cells isolated by flow cytometry have also provided insights about the ecophysiology of both bacteria and protists. Oligotrophic bacteria have streamlined genomes, which are usually small but with a high fraction of genomic material devoted to protein-encoding genes, and few transcriptional control mechanisms. The study of all transcripts from a natural community, metatranscriptomics, has been informative about the response of eukaryotes as well as bacteria to changing environmental conditions.
5
Hardy, Duncan. Associative Political Culture in the Holy Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827252.001.0001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What was the Holy Roman Empire in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries? At the turning point between the medieval and early modern periods, this vast central European polity was the continent’s most politically fragmented. The imperial monarchs were often weak and distant, while an array of regional actors played autonomous political roles. The Empire’s obvious differences from more centralized European kingdoms have stimulated negative judgements and fraught debates, expressed in the historiographical concepts of fractured ‘territorial states’ and a disjointed ‘imperial constitution’. This book challenges these interpretations through a wide-ranging case study of Upper Germany between 1346 and 1521. By examining the interactions of princes, prelates, nobles, and towns comparatively, it demonstrates that a range of actors and authorities shared the same toolkit of rituals, judicial systems, and configurations of government. Crucially, Upper German elites all participated in leagues, alliances, and other treaty-based associations. As frameworks for collective activity, associations were a vital means of enabling and regulating warfare, justice and arbitration, and even lordship and administration. The prevalence of associations encouraged a mentality of ‘horizontal’ membership of political communities, so that even the Empire itself came to be understood and articulated as an extensive and multi-layered association. On the basis of this evidence, the book offers a new and more coherent vision of the Holy Roman Empire as a sprawling community of interdependent elites who interacted within the framework of a shared ‘associative political culture’, which constituted an alternative structure and pathway of political development in pre-modern Europe.
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van Dijck, Jean-Philippe, Véronique Ginsburg, Luisa Girelli, and Wim Gevers. Linking Numbers to Space. Edited by Roi Cohen Kadosh and Ann Dowker. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199642342.013.020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Several psychophysical and neuropsychological investigations suggest that the processing of number and spatial information is strongly associated. A popular account argues that this association has its origin in the underlying mental representation of numbers taking the form of a horizontally-orientated mental number line, which is isomorphic to the representation of physical lines. Recently, however, several alternative explanations have been put forward. We describe those theories and argue that no current account is on itself able to explain the full range of observations. To do this, a hybrid account is proposed which takes into account the underlying representation, but emphasizes the processing mechanisms required by the task at hand.
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Matiazzi, Estevam. O Desvelar da Poesia. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-754-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Estevam Matiazzi’s poetics are memorably reflected in the title of his colorful poem collection, most of which are written in poetic prose, with singular didacticism. “Life Seen Through Windows: before and beyond them” is a work marked by movements and approaches in a mutating world view, that established relations with its time. ‘Drunken times’, actually, pandemic times, Covid-19 times. In a cathartic process, the poetic persona gazes outside his window, a narrow spaces’ view that creates an egregore of love. Engaged in the notion of roughness within the historical moment, he creates poems, comforting hearts in distress and full of uncertainties. The title has a direct connection with the works’ poetry; it brings relations in constant change, a shape still undetermined, a state beyond any mold, any casted matter. Beyond anything pre-fixed, anything pre-established. Thus, in a language of light and shadows, “Life Seen Through Windows: before and beyond them” is a beacon in the darkness of these pandemic times (Márcia Lembrança). Life Seen Through Windows – behind and in front of them are 40 poems from quarantine, written in 2020, in the context of Covid-19 pandemic. The view from the windows in the apartment where I live in Belo Horizonte, side by side with the song “Window’s Scenery” – written by Lô Borges and Fernando Brant for the album Corner Club, released in 1972, year in which I was born –, are the inspiration for these poems. Nearly 50 years after this masterpiece, between the slot that remains between buildings, I watch, beyond the windows, the mountain ranges that still encircle the capitol of Minas Gerais, either under blue, open skies or under thick grey clouds… From behind windows, I listen to radios, watch screens and see continued ailments; deforested, burned Amazon, slighted traditional cultures; inflation on the rise, democracy under threat; drama and mire, plots and fire…
8
Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.
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Skiba, Grzegorz. Fizjologiczne, żywieniowe i genetyczne uwarunkowania właściwości kości rosnących świń. The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22358/mono_gs_2020.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Bones are multifunctional passive organs of movement that supports soft tissue and directly attached muscles. They also protect internal organs and are a reserve of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Each bone is covered with periosteum, and the adjacent bone surfaces are covered by articular cartilage. Histologically, the bone is an organ composed of many different tissues. The main component is bone tissue (cortical and spongy) composed of a set of bone cells and intercellular substance (mineral and organic), it also contains fat, hematopoietic (bone marrow) and cartilaginous tissue. Bones are a tissue that even in adult life retains the ability to change shape and structure depending on changes in their mechanical and hormonal environment, as well as self-renewal and repair capabilities. This process is called bone turnover. The basic processes of bone turnover are: • bone modeling (incessantly changes in bone shape during individual growth) following resorption and tissue formation at various locations (e.g. bone marrow formation) to increase mass and skeletal morphology. This process occurs in the bones of growing individuals and stops after reaching puberty • bone remodeling (processes involve in maintaining bone tissue by resorbing and replacing old bone tissue with new tissue in the same place, e.g. repairing micro fractures). It is a process involving the removal and internal remodeling of existing bone and is responsible for maintaining tissue mass and architecture of mature bones. Bone turnover is regulated by two types of transformation: • osteoclastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone resorption • osteoblastogenesis, i.e. formation of cells responsible for bone formation (bone matrix synthesis and mineralization) Bone maturity can be defined as the completion of basic structural development and mineralization leading to maximum mass and optimal mechanical strength. The highest rate of increase in pig bone mass is observed in the first twelve weeks after birth. This period of growth is considered crucial for optimizing the growth of the skeleton of pigs, because the degree of bone mineralization in later life stages (adulthood) depends largely on the amount of bone minerals accumulated in the early stages of their growth. The development of the technique allows to determine the condition of the skeletal system (or individual bones) in living animals by methods used in human medicine, or after their slaughter. For in vivo determination of bone properties, Abstract 10 double energy X-ray absorptiometry or computed tomography scanning techniques are used. Both methods allow the quantification of mineral content and bone mineral density. The most important property from a practical point of view is the bone’s bending strength, which is directly determined by the maximum bending force. The most important factors affecting bone strength are: • age (growth period), • gender and the associated hormonal balance, • genotype and modification of genes responsible for bone growth • chemical composition of the body (protein and fat content, and the proportion between these components), • physical activity and related bone load, • nutritional factors: – protein intake influencing synthesis of organic matrix of bone, – content of minerals in the feed (CA, P, Zn, Ca/P, Mg, Mn, Na, Cl, K, Cu ratio) influencing synthesis of the inorganic matrix of bone, – mineral/protein ratio in the diet (Ca/protein, P/protein, Zn/protein) – feed energy concentration, – energy source (content of saturated fatty acids - SFA, content of polyun saturated fatty acids - PUFA, in particular ALA, EPA, DPA, DHA), – feed additives, in particular: enzymes (e.g. phytase releasing of minerals bounded in phytin complexes), probiotics and prebiotics (e.g. inulin improving the function of the digestive tract by increasing absorption of nutrients), – vitamin content that regulate metabolism and biochemical changes occurring in bone tissue (e.g. vitamin D3, B6, C and K). This study was based on the results of research experiments from available literature, and studies on growing pigs carried out at the Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences. The tests were performed in total on 300 pigs of Duroc, Pietrain, Puławska breeds, line 990 and hybrids (Great White × Duroc, Great White × Landrace), PIC pigs, slaughtered at different body weight during the growth period from 15 to 130 kg. Bones for biomechanical tests were collected after slaughter from each pig. Their length, mass and volume were determined. Based on these measurements, the specific weight (density, g/cm3) was calculated. Then each bone was cut in the middle of the shaft and the outer and inner diameters were measured both horizontally and vertically. Based on these measurements, the following indicators were calculated: • cortical thickness, • cortical surface, • cortical index. Abstract 11 Bone strength was tested by a three-point bending test. The obtained data enabled the determination of: • bending force (the magnitude of the maximum force at which disintegration and disruption of bone structure occurs), • strength (the amount of maximum force needed to break/crack of bone), • stiffness (quotient of the force acting on the bone and the amount of displacement occurring under the influence of this force). Investigation of changes in physical and biomechanical features of bones during growth was performed on pigs of the synthetic 990 line growing from 15 to 130 kg body weight. The animals were slaughtered successively at a body weight of 15, 30, 40, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 130 kg. After slaughter, the following bones were separated from the right half-carcass: humerus, 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone, femur, tibia and fibula as well as 3rd and 4th metatarsal bone. The features of bones were determined using methods described in the methodology. Describing bone growth with the Gompertz equation, it was found that the earliest slowdown of bone growth curve was observed for metacarpal and metatarsal bones. This means that these bones matured the most quickly. The established data also indicate that the rib is the slowest maturing bone. The femur, humerus, tibia and fibula were between the values of these features for the metatarsal, metacarpal and rib bones. The rate of increase in bone mass and length differed significantly between the examined bones, but in all cases it was lower (coefficient b <1) than the growth rate of the whole body of the animal. The fastest growth rate was estimated for the rib mass (coefficient b = 0.93). Among the long bones, the humerus (coefficient b = 0.81) was characterized by the fastest rate of weight gain, however femur the smallest (coefficient b = 0.71). The lowest rate of bone mass increase was observed in the foot bones, with the metacarpal bones having a slightly higher value of coefficient b than the metatarsal bones (0.67 vs 0.62). The third bone had a lower growth rate than the fourth bone, regardless of whether they were metatarsal or metacarpal. The value of the bending force increased as the animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. The rate of change in the value of this indicator increased at a similar rate as the body weight changes of the animals in the case of the fibula and the fourth metacarpal bone (b value = 0.98), and more slowly in the case of the metatarsal bone, the third metacarpal bone, and the tibia bone (values of the b ratio 0.81–0.85), and the slowest femur, humerus and rib (value of b = 0.60–0.66). Bone stiffness increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, the highest values were observed for the humerus, tibia and femur, smaller for the metatarsal and metacarpal bone, and the lowest for the fibula and rib. Abstract 12 The rate of change in the value of this indicator changed at a faster rate than the increase in weight of pigs in the case of metacarpal and metatarsal bones (coefficient b = 1.01–1.22), slightly slower in the case of fibula (coefficient b = 0.92), definitely slower in the case of the tibia (b = 0.73), ribs (b = 0.66), femur (b = 0.59) and humerus (b = 0.50). Bone strength increased as animals grew. Regardless of the growth point tested, bone strength was as follows femur > tibia > humerus > 4 metacarpal> 3 metacarpal> 3 metatarsal > 4 metatarsal > rib> fibula. The rate of increase in strength of all examined bones was greater than the rate of weight gain of pigs (value of the coefficient b = 2.04–3.26). As the animals grew, the bone density increased. However, the growth rate of this indicator for the majority of bones was slower than the rate of weight gain (the value of the coefficient b ranged from 0.37 – humerus to 0.84 – fibula). The exception was the rib, whose density increased at a similar pace increasing the body weight of animals (value of the coefficient b = 0.97). The study on the influence of the breed and the feeding intensity on bone characteristics (physical and biomechanical) was performed on pigs of the breeds Duroc, Pietrain, and synthetic 990 during a growth period of 15 to 70 kg body weight. Animals were fed ad libitum or dosed system. After slaughter at a body weight of 70 kg, three bones were taken from the right half-carcass: femur, three metatarsal, and three metacarpal and subjected to the determinations described in the methodology. The weight of bones of animals fed aa libitum was significantly lower than in pigs fed restrictively All bones of Duroc breed were significantly heavier and longer than Pietrain and 990 pig bones. The average values of bending force for the examined bones took the following order: III metatarsal bone (63.5 kg) <III metacarpal bone (77.9 kg) <femur (271.5 kg). The feeding system and breed of pigs had no significant effect on the value of this indicator. The average values of the bones strength took the following order: III metatarsal bone (92.6 kg) <III metacarpal (107.2 kg) <femur (353.1 kg). Feeding intensity and breed of animals had no significant effect on the value of this feature of the bones tested. The average bone density took the following order: femur (1.23 g/cm3) <III metatarsal bone (1.26 g/cm3) <III metacarpal bone (1.34 g / cm3). The density of bones of animals fed aa libitum was higher (P<0.01) than in animals fed with a dosing system. The density of examined bones within the breeds took the following order: Pietrain race> line 990> Duroc race. The differences between the “extreme” breeds were: 7.2% (III metatarsal bone), 8.3% (III metacarpal bone), 8.4% (femur). Abstract 13 The average bone stiffness took the following order: III metatarsal bone (35.1 kg/mm) <III metacarpus (41.5 kg/mm) <femur (60.5 kg/mm). This indicator did not differ between the groups of pigs fed at different intensity, except for the metacarpal bone, which was more stiffer in pigs fed aa libitum (P<0.05). The femur of animals fed ad libitum showed a tendency (P<0.09) to be more stiffer and a force of 4.5 kg required for its displacement by 1 mm. Breed differences in stiffness were found for the femur (P <0.05) and III metacarpal bone (P <0.05). For femur, the highest value of this indicator was found in Pietrain pigs (64.5 kg/mm), lower in pigs of 990 line (61.6 kg/mm) and the lowest in Duroc pigs (55.3 kg/mm). In turn, the 3rd metacarpal bone of Duroc and Pietrain pigs had similar stiffness (39.0 and 40.0 kg/mm respectively) and was smaller than that of line 990 pigs (45.4 kg/mm). The thickness of the cortical bone layer took the following order: III metatarsal bone (2.25 mm) <III metacarpal bone (2.41 mm) <femur (5.12 mm). The feeding system did not affect this indicator. Breed differences (P <0.05) for this trait were found only for the femur bone: Duroc (5.42 mm)> line 990 (5.13 mm)> Pietrain (4.81 mm). The cross sectional area of the examined bones was arranged in the following order: III metatarsal bone (84 mm2) <III metacarpal bone (90 mm2) <femur (286 mm2). The feeding system had no effect on the value of this bone trait, with the exception of the femur, which in animals fed the dosing system was 4.7% higher (P<0.05) than in pigs fed ad libitum. Breed differences (P<0.01) in the coross sectional area were found only in femur and III metatarsal bone. The value of this indicator was the highest in Duroc pigs, lower in 990 animals and the lowest in Pietrain pigs. The cortical index of individual bones was in the following order: III metatarsal bone (31.86) <III metacarpal bone (33.86) <femur (44.75). However, its value did not significantly depend on the intensity of feeding or the breed of pigs.
Частини книг з теми "Horizontal range"
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Aparicio, Tomás, Víctor de Lorenzo, and Esteban Martínez-García. "A Broad Host Range Plasmid-Based Roadmap for ssDNA-Based Recombineering in Gram-Negative Bacteria." In Horizontal Gene Transfer, 383–98. New York, NY: Springer US, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9877-7_27.
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Iannella, Nicolangelo, Jerome Ribot, and Shigeru Tanaka. "Long-Range Horizontal Connections Assist the Formation of Robust Orientation Maps." In The Neural Basis of Early Vision, 221–24. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68447-3_75.
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Ikeoka, Hiroshi, Masayuki Ohata, and Takayuki Hamamoto. "Real-Time Depth Estimation with Wide Detectable Range Using Horizontal Planes of Sharp Focus Proceedings." In Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, 669–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-23687-7_60.
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Ebisawa, Yoshinobu, Kiyotaka Fukumoto, and Yuichi Nakazawa. "Horizontal Wide-Range Gaze Detection System by Combination of Pupil Ellipticity and Pupil-Corneal Reflection Methods." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 149–57. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23522-2_19.
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Herak, Marijan, Ivan Lokmer, Franco Vaccari, and Giuliano F. Panza. "Linear Amplification of Horizontal Strong Ground Motion in Zagreb (Croatia) for a Realistic Range of Scaled Point Sources." In Seismic Ground Motion in Large Urban Areas, 1021–40. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7355-0_5.
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Lynn, Theo, Pierangelo Rosati, Edel Conway, Declan Curran, Grace Fox, and Colm O’Gorman. "The Governance of Digital Town Initiatives." In Digital Towns, 151–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-91247-5_8.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
AbstractRealising the potential of digital technologies in smaller and rural towns is a significant organisational and management challenge involving a diverse range of stakeholders, who may have conflicting motivations. It requires substantial horizontal integration at a local level to leverage local contextual knowledge and relationships to increase participation in initiatives, while at the same time requiring vertical integration with political, social, and economic institutions and agencies, to facilitate the flow of resources. This chapter explores some of the governance challenges and mechanisms for building rural community resilience to digital technology evolution. It concludes with a discussion of how the governance of digital initiatives are measured by intergovernmental and international organisations, to the limited extent that they are at all.
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Helmhold-Schlösser, Gabriele. "Horizontaler Vergleich der Frauenleben." In FrauenLeben am Rande, 305–59. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-322-80630-7_8.
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Shiotsu, M., K. Hata, and A. Sakurai. "Transient Heat Transfer from a Horizontal Wire in Subcooled He II at Atmospheric Pressure for a Wide Range of Wire Diameter." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 241–48. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0373-2_31.
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Meyer, Holt. "Ein Chronotopos „am Rande des Horizonts“ Dmitrij Karamazovs Fluchtpunkt des äußersten Westens." In Über den Horizont, edited by Bärbel Frischmann and Christian Holtorf, 249–74. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110553291-016.
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Fernández-Alconchel, María, Juan E. Nieto-Julián, Manuel J. Carretero-Ayuso, and Juan Moyano-Campos. "Methodology for the Evaluation of an Energetic Model of Thermal Transmittance in a Window by Means of Horizontal Aggregation (HA) from Short-range Photogrammetry for Model Digital Twin." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 47–65. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1894-0_4.
Повний текст джерелаТези доповідей конференцій з теми "Horizontal range"
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DelBalzo, Donald R., and James H. Leclere. "Horizontal array passive inversion in range-independent environments." In OCEANS 2011. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/oceans.2011.6107076.
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Grove, Philip M., and Ashleigh Harrold. "The range of fusible horizontal disparities around the empirical horopters." In 2013 International Conference on 3D Imaging (IC3D). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ic3d.2013.6732084.
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Linsley, Drew, Junkyung Kim, Vijay Veerabadran, and Thomas Serre. "Learning long-range spatial dependencies with horizontal gated-recurrent units." In 2018 Conference on Cognitive Computational Neuroscience. Brentwood, Tennessee, USA: Cognitive Computational Neuroscience, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32470/ccn.2018.1116-0.
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Pusey, G. M., A. J. Duncan, and A. M. Smerdon. "Analysis of acoustic modem performance for long range horizontal data transmission." In OCEANS 2009-EUROPE (OCEANS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceanse.2009.5278203.
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Ballard, Megan S. "Effects of environmental uncertainty on source range estimates from horizontal multipath." In 168th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America. Acoustical Society of America, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/2.0000021.
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Zhu, Zejie, Yongle Lv, and Lin Xue. "Algorithm of Spaceborne SAR Echo Simulation based on Range Horizontal Segmentation." In 2021 IEEE 4th Advanced Information Management, Communicates, Electronic and Automation Control Conference (IMCEC). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imcec51613.2021.9481996.
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Trapani, Andrew, Heinz Erzberger, and William Dunbar. "Performance Analysis of a Horizontal Separation Assurance Algorithm for Short-Range Conflicts." In AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-5746.
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Méchain, Grégoire, Yves-Bernard André, Ciro D'Amico, Arnaud Couairon, Michel Franco, Stelios Tzortzakis, Bernard Prade, André Mysyrowicz, Estelle Salmon, and Roland Sauerbrey. "Long range horizontal propagation of femtosecond self-channelled laser pulses in air." In International Quantum Electronics Conference. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/iqec.2004.ituk1.
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Cornelius, Rasmus, Marc Dirix, Hammam Shakhtour, and Dirk Heberling. "Comparison of horizontal and vertical feed scanning based APC in a Compact Range." In 2014 8th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eucap.2014.6902558.
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Li, Liwei, Florentina Popa, and Brent C. Houchens. "Mechanistic Prediction of Oil-Water, Two-Phase Flow in Horizontal or Near-Horizontal Pipes for a Wide Range of Oil Viscosities." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/174726-ms.
Повний текст джерелаЗвіти організацій з теми "Horizontal range"
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Hashash, Youssef, Omar Baltaji, Guangchao Xing, and Yongxi Liang. Development of Guidelines for Implementation of Horizontal Directional Drilling. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-027.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
While the fundamentals of horizontal directional drilling (HDD) technology are well known, the implementation of HDD involves utilizing a vast range of equipment and installation procedures. This project developed HDD guidance documents to provide the Illinois Department of Transportation with metrics to evaluate a proposed HDD installation. This report compiled information collected during this project, including a literature review, HDD case histories observation, and an industry survey. Four main guidance documents, including the proposed HDD Guidelines, HDD Guidance Specifications, Permit Submittal Checklist, and Inspector Checklist, are the main products developed from the project.
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Carter, Becky, and Luke Kelly. Social Inequalities and Famine and Severe Food Insecurity Risk. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.097.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This rapid review summarises the evidence on the ways in which social inequalities and discrimination affect the risk of famine or severe food insecurity. Looking at the risk at the national and sub-national level, gender and other horizontal inequities can affect a society’s risk of violent conflict and therefore food insecurity, while fragile livelihoods associated with ethnic marginalisation can impact regional food security. At the individual and household level, there is a lack of disaggregated data on people’s social characteristics and famines. There is a broader literature on the impact of systemic discrimination (based on gender, age, disability, sexuality, and ethnic identity) on individuals’ and households’ livelihoods and assets, thereby increasing their vulnerability to food insecurity. A key finding from the literature is the gender gap, with women more at risk of being food insecure than men. Also, some ethnic groups are highly vulnerable particularly in conflict-related famines; starvation is used as a warfare tactic in political and ethnic conflicts. There is evidence of how social inequalities heighten individuals’ risks during food crises and famines, including through exposure to protection threats, while limiting their access to essential services and humanitarian assistance. A broad range of measures seeks to address the multi-dimensional ways in which social inequalities affect vulnerability and resilience to food insecurity.
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Montalvo-Bartolomei, Axel, Bryant Robbins, Erica Medley, and Benjamin Breland. Backward erosion testing : Magnolia Levee. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42140.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Using a confined flume device, an experimental study investigated the critical horizontal gradient of soils obtained from a site identified as potentially vulnerable to backward erosion piping (BEP). Tests were conducted on glacial outwash material obtained from a sand and gravel quarry in the vicinity of Magnolia Levee in the community of Magnolia, OH. The two bulk samples collected from the quarry had similar grain-size distributions, grain roundness, and depositional environments as the foundation materials beneath the levee. Samples were prepared at various densities and subjected to gradual increases of flow in a wooden flume with an acrylic top until BEP was observed. The critical average horizontal gradient ranged from 0.21 to 0.30 for a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 1.6, while tests conducted on a bulk sample with a coefficient of uniformity of 2.5 yielded critical average horizontal gradients of 0.31 to 0.36. The critical average gradients measured during these tests compared favorably to values in the literature after applying adjustments according to Schmertmann’s method.
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Beck, Aaron. NAPTRAM - Plastiktransportmechanismen, Senken und Interaktionen mit Biota im Nordatlantik / NAPTRAM - North Atlantic plastic transport mechanisms, sinks, and interactions with biota, Cruise No. SO279, Emden (Germany) – Emden (Germany), 04.12.2020 – 05.01.2021. Gutachterpanel Forschungsschiffe Bonn, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/cr_so279.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coastal and open oceans represent a major, but yet unconstrained, sink for plastics. It is likely that plastic-biota interactions are a key driver for the fragmentation, aggregation, and vertical transport of plastic litter from surface waters to sedimentary sinks. Cruise SO279 conducted sampling to address core questions of microplastic distribution in the open ocean water column, biota, and sediments. Seven stations were sampled between the outer Bay of Biscay and the primary working area south of the Azores. Additional samples were collected from surface waters along the cruise track to link European coastal and shelf waters with the open ocean gyre. Microplastic samples coupled with geochemical tracer analyses will build a mechanistic understanding of MP transport and its biological impact reaching from coastal seas to the central gyre water column and sinks at the seabed. Furthermore, floating plastics were sampled for microbial community and genetic analyses to investigate potential enzymatic degradation pathways. Cruise SO279 served as the third cruise of a number of connected research cruises to build an understanding of the transport pathways of plastic and microplastic debris in the North Atlantic from the input through rivers and air across coastal seas into the accumulation spots in the North Atlantic gyre and the vertical export to its sink at the seabed. The cruise was an international effort as part of the JPI Oceans project HOTMIC (“HOrizontal and vertical oceanic distribution, Transport, and impact of MICroplastics”) and the BMBF funded project PLASTISEA (‘Harvesting the marine Plastisphere for novel cleaning concepts’), and formed a joint effort of HOTMIC and PLASTISEA researchers from a range of countries and institutes.
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Leiton-Rodríguez, Karen Juliet. Validez del supuesto de neutralidad del horizonte de tiempo en el CAPM y la metodología del rango reescalado : aplicación a Colombia. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, October 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.672.
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Chidsey, Thomas C., David E. Eby, Michael D. Vanden Berg, and Douglas A. Sprinkel. Microbial Carbonate Reservoirs and Analogs from Utah. Utah Geological Survey, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.34191/ss-168.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Multiple oil discoveries reveal the global scale and economic importance of a distinctive reservoir type composed of possible microbial lacustrine carbonates like the Lower Cretaceous pre-salt reservoirs in deepwater offshore Brazil and Angola. Marine microbialite reservoirs are also important in the Neoproterozoic to lowest Cambrian starta of the South Oman Salt Basin as well as large Paleozoic deposits including those in the Caspian Basin of Kazakhstan (e.g., Tengiz field), and the Cedar Creek Anticline fields and Ordovician Red River “B” horizontal play of the Williston Basin in Montana and North Dakota, respectively. Evaluation of the various microbial fabrics and facies, associated petrophysical properties, diagenesis, and bounding surfaces are critical to understanding these reservoirs. Utah contains unique analogs of microbial hydrocarbon reservoirs in the modern Great Salt Lake and the lacustrine Tertiary (Eocene) Green River Formation (cores and outcrop) within the Uinta Basin of northeastern Utah. Comparable characteristics of both lake environments include shallowwater ramp margins that are susceptible to rapid widespread shoreline changes, as well as compatible water chemistry and temperature ranges that were ideal for microbial growth and formation/deposition of associated carbonate grains. Thus, microbialites in Great Salt Lake and from the Green River Formation exhibit similarities in terms of the variety of microbial textures and fabrics. In addition, Utah has numerous examples of marine microbial carbonates and associated facies that are present in subsurface analog oil field cores.
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Schmidt, Elizabeth. Shoreline change at Fort Matanzas National Monument: 2020–2021 data summary. National Park Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrds-2290193.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 2020 and 2021 the Southeast Coast Network (SECN) collected shoreline data at Fort Matanzas National Monument as a part of the NPS Vital Signs Monitoring Program. Monitoring was conducted following methods developed by the National Park Service Northeast Barrier Coast Network and consisted of mapping the high tide swash line using a global positioning system (GPS) unit in the spring of each year (Psuty et al. 2010). Shoreline change was calculated using the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAS) developed by USGS (Theiler et al. 2008). Key findings from this effort: A mean of 2,255.23 meters (7,399 feet [ft]) of shoreline were mapped from 2020 to 2021 with a mean horizontal precision of 10.73 centimeters (4.2 inches [in]) at Fort Matanzas National Monument from 2020 to 2021. In the annual shoreline change analysis, the mean shoreline distance change from spring 2020 to spring 2021 was -7.40 meters (-24.3 ft) with a standard deviation of 20.24 meters (66.40 ft). The shoreline change distance ranged from -124.73 to 35.59 meters (-409.1 to 116.7 ft). Two erosion areas and one accretion area were identified in the study area beyond the uncertainty of the data (± 10 meters [32.8 ft]). The annual shoreline change from 2020 to 2021 showed erosion on the east and west sides of A1A where the Matanzas Inlet is located. Overall, the most dynamic area of shoreline change within Fort Matanzas National Monument appeared to be on the east and west side of A1A, along the Matanzas River inlet.
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Goetsch, Arthur L., Yoav Aharoni, Arieh Brosh, Ryszard (Richard) Puchala, Terry A. Gipson, Zalman Henkin, Eugene D. Ungar, and Amit Dolev. Energy Expenditure for Activity in Free Ranging Ruminants: A Nutritional Frontier. United States Department of Agriculture, June 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696529.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Heat production (HP) or energy expenditure for activity (EEa) is of fundamental nutritional importance for livestock because it determines the proportion of ingested nutrients available for productive functions. Previous estimates of EEa are unreliable and vary widely with different indirect methodologies. This leads to erroneous nutritional strategies, especially when intake on pasture does not meet nutritional requirements and supplementation is necessary for acceptable production. Therefore, the objective of this project was to measure EEa in different classes of livestock (beef cattle and goats) over a wide range of ecological and management conditions to develop and evaluate simple means of prediction. In the first study in Israel, small frame (SF) and large frame (LF) cows (268 and 581 kg) were monitored during spring, summer, and autumn. Feed intake by SF cows per unit of metabolic weight was greater (P < 0.001) than that by LF cows in both spring and summer and their apparent selection of higher quality herbage in spring was greater (P < 0.10) than that of LF cows. SF cows grazed more hours per day and walked longer distances than the LF cows during all seasons. The coefficient of specific costs of activities (kJ•kg BW-0.75•d-1) and of locomotion (J•kg BW-0.75•m-1) were smaller for the SF cows. In the second study, cows were monitored in March, May, and September when they grazed relatively large plots, 135 and 78 ha. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and horizontal locomotion derived were similar to those of the previous study based on data from smaller plots. However, the energy costs of walking idle and of vertical locomotion were greater than those found by Brosh et al. (2006) but similar to those found by Aharoni et al. (2009). In the third study, cows were monitored in February and May in a 78-ha plot with an average slope of 15.5°, whereas average plot slopes of the former studies ranged between 4.3 and 6.9°. Energy cost coefficients of standing, grazing, and walking idle were greater than those calculated in the previous studies. However, the estimated energy costs of locomotion were lower in the steeper plot. A comparison on a similar HP basis, i.e., similar metabolizable energy (ME) intake, shows that the daily energy spent on activities in relation to daily HP increased by 27% as the average plot slope increased from 5.8 and 6.02 to 15.5°. In the fourth study, cows grazing in a woodland habitat were monitored as in previous studies in December, March, and July. Data analysis is in progress. In the first US experiment, Boer and Spanish does with two kids were used in an experiment beginning in late spring at an average of 24 days after kidding. Two does of each breed resided in eight 0.5-ha grass/forb pastures. Periods of 56, 60, 63, 64, and 73 days in length corresponded to mid-lactation, early post-weaning, the late dry period, early gestation, and mid-gestation. EEa expressed as a percentage of the ME requirement for maintenance plus activity in confinement (EEa%) was not influenced by stocking rate, breed, or period, averaging 49%. Behavioral activities (e.g., time spent grazing, walking, and idle, distance traveled) were not highly related to EEa%, although no-intercept regressions against time spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking indicated an increase in EEa% of 5.8 and 5.1%/h, respectively. In the second study, animal types were yearling Angora doeling goats, yearling Boer wether goats, yearling Spanish wether goats, and Rambouilletwether sheep slightly more than 2 yr of age. Two animals of each type were randomly allocated to one of four pastures 9.3, 12.3, 4.6, and 1.2 ha in area. The experiment was conducted in the summer with three periods, 30, 26, and 26 days in length. EEa% was affected by an interaction between animal type and period (Angora: 16, 17, and 15; Boer: 60, 67, and 34; Spanish: 46, 62, and 42; sheep: 22, 12, and 22% in periods 1, 2, and 3, respectively (SE = 6.1)). EEa% of goats was predicted with moderate accuracy (R2 = 0.40-0.41) and without bias from estimates of 5.8 and 5.1%/h spent grazing/eating and grazing/eating plus walking, respectively, determined in the first experiment; however, these methods were not suitable for sheep. These methods of prediction are simpler and more accurate than currently recommended for goats by the National Research Council.
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Willits, Daniel H., Meir Teitel, Josef Tanny, Mary M. Peet, Shabtai Cohen, and Eli Matan. Comparing the performance of naturally ventilated and fan-ventilated greenhouses. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586542.bard.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objectives of this project were to predict the performance of naturally and fan-ventilated greenhouses as a function of climate, type of crop, evaporative cooling and greenhouse size, and to estimate the effects of the two cooling systems on yield, quality and disease development in the different crops under study. Background In the competitive field of greenhouse cultivation, growers and designers in both the US and Israel are repeatedly forced to choose between naturally ventilated (NV) and fan ventilated (FV) cooling systems as they expand their ranges in an effort to remain profitable. The known advantages and disadvantages of each system do not presently allow a clear decision. Whether essentially zero operating costs can offset the less dependable cooling of natural ventilation systems is question this report hopes to answer. Major Conclusions US It was concluded very early on that FV greenhouses without evaporative pad cooling are not competitive with NV greenhouses during hot weather. During the first year, the US team found that average air temperatures were always higher in the FV houses, compared to the NV houses, when evaporative pad cooling was not used, regardless of ventilation rate in the FV houses or the vent configuration in the NV houses. Canopy temperatures were also higher in the FV ventilated houses when three vents were used in the NV houses. A second major conclusion was that the US team found that low pressure fogging (4 atm) in NV houses does not completely offset the advantage of evaporative pad cooling in FV houses. High pressure fog (65 atm) is more effective, but considerably more expensive. Israel Experiments were done with roses in the years 2003-2005 and with tomatoes in 2005. Three modes of natural ventilation (roof, side and side + roof openings) were compared with a fan-ventilated (with evaporative cooling) house. It was shown that under common practice of fan ventilation, during summer, the ventilation rate is usually lower with NV than with FV. The microclimate under both NV and FV was not homogeneous. In both treatments there were strong gradients in temperature and humidity in the vertical direction. In addition, there were gradients that developed in horizontal planes in a direction parallel to the direction of the prevailing air velocity within the greenhouse. The gradients in the horizontal direction appear to be larger with FV than with NV. The ratio between sensible and latent heat fluxes (Bowen ratio) was found to be dependent considerably on whether NV or FV is applied. This ratio was generally negative in the naturally ventilated house (about -0.14) and positive in the fan ventilated one (about 0.19). Theoretical models based on Penman-Monteith equation were used to predict the interior air and crop temperatures and the transpiration rate with NV. Good agreement between the model and experimental results was obtained with regard to the air temperature and transpiration with side and side + roof ventilation. However, the agreement was poor with only roof ventilation. The yield (number of rose stems longer than 40 cm) was higher with FV
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BUCKLING BEHAVIOR OF A WHEEL COUPLER HIGH-FORMWORK SUPPORT SYSTEM BASED ON SEMI-RIGID CONNECTION JOINTS. The Hong Kong Institute of Steel Construction, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18057/ijasc.2022.18.1.1.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
To clarify the buckling behavior of a wheel coupler high-formwork support system with a diagonal bracing, the positive and negative bending behaviors of the connection joints of the support were systematically studied through experiments. Through a parametric analysis and a finite element analysis, a precise numerical model of the connection joints of the wheel coupler was established and verified. Based on the characteristics of the semi-rigid connections, the buckling behavior of the overall structure was analyzed. The results showed that the failure modes in the positive direction were correlated with the insertion depth of the socket into the template; the greater the depth, the more likely the socket was to fracture. The failure modes in the negative direction were closely related to the insertion depth and the bending of the vertical post. An appropriate joint density was conducive to the overall stability. In the presence of a lateral constraint at the top, the greater the angle between the diagonal bracing and the horizontal plane, the better the overall stability under the same joint density. The optimal layout of the vertical diagonal bracing was a 2-span, 4-step arrangement, and the optimal angle was in the range of 30–70°. In the absence of a lateral constraint at the top, the smaller the angle between the diagonal bracing and the horizontal plane, the better the overall stability under the same joint density. The optimal angle was approximately 30° when the lift height was moderate.