Книги: "Horizontal field"

1

Hiking the horizontal: Field notes from a choreographer. Middletown, Conn: Wesleyan Press, 2011.

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2

Ingram, David K. Geologic discontinuities and their influence on the regional horizontal stress field in southern Illinois. S.l: s.n, 1990.

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3

Serebryakov, Andrey, and Gennadiy Zhuravlev. Exploitation of oil and gas fields by horizontal wells. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/971768.

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The textbook describes the design features of offshore horizontal multi-hole production wells, as well as the bottom-hole components of horizontal multi-hole wells. The classification of complications of multi-hole horizontal wells, methods of their prevention and elimination are given. Methods of underground geonavigation of the development of offshore horizontal production wells are proposed. The geological and field bases of operation of horizontal offshore multi-hole oil and gas wells, modes and dynamics of oil, gas and associated water production, methods for calculating dynamic bottom-hole and reservoir pressures are specified. The technologies of operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells are presented. The composition and scope of environmental, field and research marine monitoring of the operation of offshore horizontal multi-hole wells and the protection of the marine environment in the production of oil and gas are justified. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. It is intended for undergraduates of the enlarged group of "Earth Sciences" training areas, as well as for teachers, employees of the fuel and energy complex, industrial geological exploration and oil and gas production enterprises, scientific and design organizations.

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4

Hardy, E. R. The secular variation of the magnetic field horizontal force, vertical force, and total force in Ireland (1985). Dublin, Ireland: Meteorological Service, 1988.

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5

Bakken Formation Short Course (1990 Billings, Mont.). Bakken Formation Short Course--study notes no. 1: Bakken Formation, March 28-29, 1990 : Rodeway Inn, Billings, Montana. Edited by Hansen William B and Montana Geological Society. [Billings, MT]: Montana Geological Society, 1990.

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6

Beilin, Igor'. Modeling of economic processes in the oil and gas region. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1842518.

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The textbook is aimed at developing knowledge about methods and approaches to modeling the economic processes of the region on the basis of horizontal interregional and intersectoral integration of petrochemical complexes, as well as as a result of improving the innovative infrastructure of the territories of oil production and processing, oil condensate, natural and associated gas. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the fields of "Economics", "Management", "Public Administration" (Master's degree). It can also be useful in the research work of postgraduate and doctoral studies in the scientific specialties "Economic theory", "Economics and management of the national economy", "Mathematical and instrumental methods of economics", etc.

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7

IGCP, 450 Field Workshop (1st 2001 Belo Horizonte and Paracatu Minas Gerais Brazil). Proterozoic base metal deposits of Africa and South America: Contributions presented at the 1st IGCP 450 Field Workshop, Belo Horizonte and Paracatu, Minas Gerais, September 27 to October 2, 2001. Belo Horizonte and Paracatu, Brazil: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, 2001.

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8

IGCP, 450 Field Workshop (1st 2001 Belo Horizonte and Paracatu Minas Gerais Brazil). Proterozoic base metal deposits of Africa and South America: Contributions presented at the 1st IGCP 450 Field Workshop, Belo Horizonte and Paracatu, Minas Gerais, September 27 to October 2, 2001. Belo Horizonte and Paracatu, Brazil: Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, 2001.

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9

Lerman, Liz. Hiking the Horizontal: Field Notes from a Choreographer. Wesleyan University Press, 2014.

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10

Lerman, Liz. Hiking the Horizontal: Field Notes from a Choreographer. Wesleyan University Press, 2011.

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11

Lerman, Liz. Hiking the Horizontal: Field Notes from a Choreographer. Wesleyan University Press, 2014.

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12

Rashwan, Ali. Review of Research and Development in the Field of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines. Independently Published, 2019.

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13

Rashwan, Ali. Review of Research and Development in the Field of Horizontal Axis Wind Turbines. Independently Published, 2019.

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14

S, Leckrone D., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. The field horizontal-branch star HD 109995: New results with coadded ultraviolet and optical region spectra. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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15

S, Leckrone D., and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, eds. The field horizontal-branch star HD 109995: New results with coadded ultraviolet and optical region spectra. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1985.

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16

Modeling a Field Application of In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate- Contaminated Groundwater Using Horizontal Flow Treatment Wells (HFTWs). Storming Media, 2004.

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17

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Staff. Effects of Inboard Horizontal Field of View Display Limitations on Pilot Path Control During Total in-Flight Simulator (Tifs) Flight Test. Independently Published, 2018.

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18

J, Kramer Lynda, and Langley Research Center, eds. Effects of inboard horizontal field of view display limitations on pilot path control during total in-flight simulator (TIFS) flight test. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1999.

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19

Stadia Surveying: The Theory of Stadia Measurements, Accompanied by Tables of Horizontal Distances and Differences of Level for the Reduction of Stadia Field Observations. Creative Media Partners, LLC, 2018.

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20

Bakken Formation Short Course--study notes no. 1: Bakken Formation, March 28-29, 1990 : Rodeway Inn, Billings, Montana. Montana Geological Society, 1990.

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21

Green, Don W., and G. Paul Willhite. Enhanced Oil Recovery. Society of Petroleum EngineersRichardson, Texas, USA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/9781613994948.

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Building on the comprehensive, fundamental mechanisms and mathematical computations detailed in the First Edition, the new Second Edition of Enhanced Oil Recovery presents the latest insights into the applications of EOR processes, including-Field-scale thermal-recovery such as steam-assisted gravity drainage and cyclic steam stimulation-Field-scale polymer flooding including horizontal wells-Field-scale miscible-displacement processes such as CO2 miscible flooding-Laboratory-scale chemical flooding in the development and testing of surfactant formulations An invaluable tool for petroleum engineering students, Enhanced Oil Recovery also serves as an important resource for those practicing oil recovery in the field or engaged in the design and operation of commercial projects involving enhanced-or improved-oil-recovery processes. A prior understanding of basic petrophysics, fluid properties, and material balance is recommended.

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22

Mann, Peter. Linear Algebra. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0037.

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This chapter is key to the understanding of classical mechanics as a geometrical theory. It builds upon earlier chapters on calculus and linear algebra and frames theoretical physics in a new and useful language. Although some degree of mathematical knowledge is required (from the previous chapters), the focus of this chapter is to explain exactly what is going on, rather than give a full working knowledge of the subject. Such an approach is rare in this field, yet is ever so welcome to newcomers who are exposed to this material for the first time! The chapter discusses topology, manifolds, forms, interior products, pullback and pushforward, as well as tangent bundles, cotangent bundles, jet bundles and principle bundles. It also discusses vector fields, integral curves, flow, exterior derivatives and fibre derivatives. In addition, Lie derivatives, Lie brackets, Lie algebra, Lie–Poisson brackets, vertical space, horizontal space, groups and algebroids are explained.

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23

Mann, Peter. Differential Geometry. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198822370.003.0038.

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This chapter is key to the understanding of classical mechanics as a geometrical theory. It builds upon earlier chapters on calculus and linear algebra and frames theoretical physics in a new and useful language. Although some degree ofmathematical knowledge is required (from the previous chapters), the focus of this chapter is to explain exactlywhat is going on, rather than give a full working knowledge of the subject. Such an approach is rare in this field, yet is ever so welcome to newcomers who are exposed to this material for the first time! The chapter discusses topology, manifolds, forms, interior products, pullback and pushforward, as well as tangent bundles, cotangent bundles, jet bundles and principle bundles. It also discusses vector fields, integral curves, flow, exterior derivatives and fibre derivatives. In addition, Lie derivatives, Lie brackets, Lie algebra, Lie–Poisson brackets, vertical space, horizontal space, groups and algebroids are explained.

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24

Matin, Leonard, Ethel Matin, Wenxun Li, Todd E. Hudson, and Adam Shavit. The Pitchroom Illusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0025.

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A pitched visual field (i.e., a visual stimulus tilted around a horizontal axis in the observer’s frontal plane) generates profound changes in the elevation visually perceived to correspond to eye level (visually perceived eye level [VPEL]). It also affects the perceived elevation and size of objects viewed against the field. With top-forward pitch (top toward the observer), VPEL lies above true eye level and objects appear smaller and lower; with top-backward pitch (top away from the observer) VPEL lies below true eye level and objects appear larger and higher. This chapter summarizes parametric studies of the spatial and temporal properties of multimodal factors that influence the illusion and describes a three-stage neuromathematical model that accounts for the effects.

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25

Caygill, Howard. Judges, Heathscapes, and Hazardous Quarries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190461454.003.0008.

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The composition of The Trial coincided with Kafka’s writing his most original and challenging contribution to the theory of insurance, “Accident Prevention in Quarries.” The relationship between the pioneering intervention in the field of industrial insurance photo surveillance, written during Kafka’s working day, and his fiction, written at night and during short vacations, is much closer than has been appreciated. This chapter, which goes beyond the setting of the execution of Josef K. in a quarry and the recurrent allusions to photography throughout The Trial, argues that Kafka conceived of a horizontal transcendence, which was different from the traditional, Platonic understanding of vertical transcendence.

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26

Heidenreich, Martin. Horizontal Europeanisation: The Transnationalisation of Daily Life and Social Fields in Europe. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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27

Heidenreich, Martin. Horizontal Europeanisation: The Transnationalisation of Daily Life and Social Fields in Europe. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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28

Heidenreich, Martin. Horizontal Europeanisation: The Transnationalisation of Daily Life and Social Fields in Europe. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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29

Colaert, Veerle. Investor Protection in the Capital Markets Union. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198813392.003.0016.

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Recent years have witnessed a tidal wave of new EU financial regulation in general and investor protection legislation in particular. The Capital Markets Union project has added a number of further initiatives. This chapter attempts to bring some order in the multitude of rules, by sorting them into three main building blocks: information, service quality requirements (conduct of business rules), and product regulation. A general trend among the three building blocks is a more cross-sectoral approach to investor protection, levelling the playing field between banking, investment, insurance, and personal pension products and services. This trend towards a more horizontal approach, although not perfect, is laudable. A challenge for EU financial regulation is to decide how far this trend should go.

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30

Lidström, Anders. Introduction. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.46.

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Swedish local government has a strong position within the unitary nation state. At first sight, this could be understood as a paradox if decentralization and central control are treated as contradictory concepts. However, in countries such as Sweden, with a relatively generous welfare system that emphasizes equal access, strong local and regional governments can be seen as means of avoiding the pitfalls of rigorous standardization by allowing adjustment of national welfare services to local circumstances. This requires legitimate, responsible, and capable local and regional politicians. Subnational government also has additional tasks as providers of locally generated collective services, such as road maintenance, parks, recreation, and cultural facilities. The contributions in this section are all based on the most recent research in the field. They discuss Swedish subnational government with regard to its internal workings, horizontal relationships, reform trajectories, and position in relation to other systems of local and regional government.

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31

Edwards, Nancy C., Barbara L. Riley, and Cameron D. Willis. Scaling-Up Cancer Control Innovations. Edited by David A. Chambers, Wynne E. Norton, and Cynthia A. Vinson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190647421.003.0035.

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This chapter examines characteristics of and approaches to scaling-up innovations and programs, with illustrations from the field of cancer control. It summarizes definitions of scale-up, emphasizing the introduction of innovations with demonstrated effectiveness and the aims of scale-up: improving coverage and equitable access to the innovation(s) and its intended benefits. The chapter proposes a typology to help guide scaling-up activities. The typology includes five dimensions: the object of scale-up, how this object may be adapted, horizontal and vertical directions for scale-up, linear and nonlinear pathways for scale-up, and factors influencing scale-up. Featuring examples of tobacco control and human papillomavirus vaccination, the typology is applied and key scaling-up actions are described, including media campaigns, engaging key stakeholders, mobilizing political support, and investing in a monitoring and evaluation system. Systemic challenges to scale-up are discussed. Future priorities for research on scaling up cancer control initiatives are proposed.

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32

Markakis, Menelaos. Accountability in the Economic and Monetary Union. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198845263.001.0001.

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This book looks at accountability in the field of Economic and Monetary Union, including the Banking Union. It looks at the emergence of a new constitutional and governance architecture in the Eurozone, following the measures that were adopted in response to the crisis. It shows how the rules and institutions that were put in place in response to the financial and public debt crisis affect not only the economies of the Member States but also the lives of European citizens. It makes the case for instilling more democratic legitimacy into the Economic and Monetary Union and examines the impact of the new EU economic governance framework on the horizontal and vertical distribution of power in the EU and the Member States. The key question is: what is the appropriate level, type, and degree of accountability and transparency that should be involved in the development of the EU’s governance structures in the areas of fiscal/economic governance and the Banking Union? The book evaluates the powers conferred on the European and national parliaments in the fields of economic governance, monetary policy, and banking supervision/resolution, as well as the European Parliament’s input into the crisis-induced measures. It further looks at access to EU courts, the available remedies, and the role of the EU and national courts in reviewing economic and monetary policy measures. Finally, it sets out the author’s own proposals regarding the reforms needed to strengthen the Eurozone, as well as transparency, accountability, and—more broadly—legitimacy in the Economic and Monetary Union.

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33

Brown, Joshua R., ed. The Verticalization Model of Language Shift. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198864639.001.0001.

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Abstract This book introduces a new and still emerging theoretical framework for understanding language shift, and presents several case studies of minority language communities using this approach. To date, approaches to language shift have typically relied on explaining the process through descriptive sociolinguistic models, i.e., how the community first becomes bilingual in both the majority and minority languages and then eventually shifts entirely to the majority language. The approach used in this edited volume attributes shift to a change from local control of tightly interconnected “horizontal” institutions within a community to more external or “vertical” control of those increasingly autonomous institutions outside the community. In short, this theory proposes that language shift is driven by specific changes in community structure. Unlike previous approaches to language shift, the one proposed here is generalizable. The bulk of the book contains chapters on language communities aimed at testing and refining the theoretical implications. The chapters cover different languages, contexts, and periods. Importantly, the two final chapters – from leading specialists in the broader field and working largely outside the US – provide critical commentary on the theoretical approach and again offer refinement toward a theory of language shift.

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34

Bove, Vincenzo, Chiara Ruffa, and Andrea Ruggeri. Composing Peace. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198790655.001.0001.

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The book explores how diversity in United Nations’ peace mission composition affects peacekeeping effectiveness. It identifies four key dimensions of composition: Blue Helmets’ field diversity, top mission leadership diversity (between Force Commander and Special Representative of the Secretary General), vertical leadership distance (Leadership-Blue Helmets), and horizontal distance with the local population. Each dimension of diversity of mission is measured as linguistic, geographical, and religious distance. Our book conceptualizes original mechanisms—i. resolve commitment; ii. informative trust; iii. informative communicability; iv. skilled persuasion—through which diversity can shape mission effectiveness such as trust, communicability, deterrence, and persuasion. It then evaluates each dimension separately through three pathway case studies—the UN missions in Lebanon, in Mali, and in the Central African Republic—and quantitative analyses based on a global dataset of peacekeeping operations deployed since the end of the Cold War. The book finds that diversity of Blue Helmets and diversity of top leadership may increase the mission’s capacity to reduce battle-field violence and civilian victimization. At the same time, the effects of diversity are contextual and contingent. In fact, looking at the relation between peacekeepers and Force Commanders, proximity between them is generally associated with better performances. Furthermore, homogeneity between local populations and peacekeepers, or low distance between them, is also related to low levels of hostility and casualties. This book crucially demonstrates why diversity of mission composition is a key variable to consider when trying to enhance peacekeeping effectiveness.

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35

Ronald, Fleischer, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Field excursion from Belo Horizonte to Ouro Preto: Side excursion along the road to Moeda, Minas Gerais, Brazil. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1988.

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36

Seitler, Dana. Reading Sideways. Fordham University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823282623.001.0001.

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This book explores the pivotal role that various art forms played in American literary fiction in direct relation to the politics of gender and sexuality at the turn of the twentieth century. It tracks the transverse circulation of aesthetic ideas in fiction and argues that at stake in fin-de-siècle American writers’ aesthetic turn was not only the theorization of aesthetic experience, but also a fashioning forth of an understanding of aesthetic form in relation to political arguments and debates about available modes of sociability and cultural expression. To track these practices it performs an interpretive method Seitler calls “lateral reading,” a mode of interpretation that moves horizontally through various historical entanglements and across the fields of the arts to make sense of, and see in a new light, their connections, challenges, and productive frictions.

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37

Geological field excursion from Belo Horizonte to Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Regional stratigraphy and tectonics of the Archean Rio Das Velhas Greenstone Belt and the Proterozoic Minas Supergroup as background for gold metallogenesis. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1988.

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38

H, Thorman Charles, Buscher David P, and Geological Survey (U.S.), eds. Geological field excursion from Belo Horizonte to Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Regional stratigraphy and tectonics of the Archean Rio Das Velhas Greenstone Belt and the Proterozoic Minas Supergroup as background for gold metallogenesis. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1988.

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39

Geological field excursion from Belo Horizonte to Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil: Regional stratigraphy and tectonics of the Archean Rio Das Velhas Greenstone Belt and the Proterozoic Minas Supergroup as background for gold metallogenesis. [Denver, Colo.?]: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey, 1988.

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40

Cremona, Marise, ed. New Technologies and EU Law. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198807216.001.0001.

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This book addresses the relationship between EU law and new technologies. Its aim is to address two groups of questions. First, how does EU law approach the relation between science and regulation and what part do conceptions of risk play in this approach; is there a distinctive character to EU law in this domain? And second, what challenges do new technologies pose for the EU internal market and for fundamental principles of EU law, including fundamental rights? Do new technologies represent potential new barriers to freedom of movement? How are EU instruments used to direct and orientate EU policy on new technologies, and how do new technologies shape EU policy, including—but not only—EU policy on privacy and data protection? The book is organized into two parts. The first part, ‘The EU, Scientific Risk, and Regulatory Design’, addresses some of the more horizontal questions, helping us to unpack and to understand the EU’s approach to the regulation of scientific/technological risk and the impact on regulatory design of the close link between the regulation of technology and the internal market. The second part, ‘EU Law and New Technologies—Challenge and Response’, uses different policy fields to exemplify the different ways in which technology and EU policy interact, by posing new regulatory challenges (data protection; internet governance), and by shaping the regulatory response to new challenges (the use of technology for border management and migration control).

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41

Ślusarski, Marek. Metody i modele oceny jakości danych przestrzennych. Publishing House of the University of Agriculture in Krakow, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/978-83-66602-30-4.

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The quality of data collected in official spatial databases is crucial in making strategic decisions as well as in the implementation of planning and design works. Awareness of the level of the quality of these data is also important for individual users of official spatial data. The author presents methods and models of description and evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers. Data describing the space in the highest degree of detail, which are collected in three databases: land and buildings registry (EGiB), geodetic registry of the land infrastructure network (GESUT) and in database of topographic objects (BDOT500) were analyzed. The results of the research concerned selected aspects of activities in terms of the spatial data quality. These activities include: the assessment of the accuracy of data collected in official spatial databases; determination of the uncertainty of the area of registry parcels, analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the quality of spatial data, construction of the quality model of data collected in official databases and visualization of the phenomenon of uncertainty in spatial data. The evaluation of the accuracy of data collected in official, large-scale spatial databases was based on a representative sample of data. The test sample was a set of deviations of coordinates with three variables dX, dY and Dl – deviations from the X and Y coordinates and the length of the point offset vector of the test sample in relation to its position recognized as a faultless. The compatibility of empirical data accuracy distributions with models (theoretical distributions of random variables) was investigated and also the accuracy of the spatial data has been assessed by means of the methods resistant to the outliers. In the process of determination of the accuracy of spatial data collected in public registers, the author’s solution was used – resistant method of the relative frequency. Weight functions, which modify (to varying degree) the sizes of the vectors Dl – the lengths of the points offset vector of the test sample in relation to their position recognized as a faultless were proposed. From the scope of the uncertainty of estimation of the area of registry parcels the impact of the errors of the geodetic network points was determined (points of reference and of the higher class networks) and the effect of the correlation between the coordinates of the same point on the accuracy of the determined plot area. The scope of the correction was determined (in EGiB database) of the plots area, calculated on the basis of re-measurements, performed using equivalent techniques (in terms of accuracy). The analysis of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network due to the low quality of spatial data is another research topic presented in the paper. Three main factors have been identified that influence the value of this risk: incompleteness of spatial data sets and insufficient accuracy of determination of the horizontal and vertical position of underground infrastructure. A method for estimation of the project risk has been developed (quantitative and qualitative) and the author’s risk estimation technique, based on the idea of fuzzy logic was proposed. Maps (2D and 3D) of the risk of damage to the underground infrastructure network were developed in the form of large-scale thematic maps, presenting the design risk in qualitative and quantitative form. The data quality model is a set of rules used to describe the quality of these data sets. The model that has been proposed defines a standardized approach for assessing and reporting the quality of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 spatial data bases. Quantitative and qualitative rules (automatic, office and field) of data sets control were defined. The minimum sample size and the number of eligible nonconformities in random samples were determined. The data quality elements were described using the following descriptors: range, measure, result, and type and unit of value. Data quality studies were performed according to the users needs. The values of impact weights were determined by the hierarchical analytical process method (AHP). The harmonization of conceptual models of EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 databases with BDOT10k database was analysed too. It was found that the downloading and supplying of the information in BDOT10k creation and update processes from the analyzed registers are limited. An effective approach to providing spatial data sets users with information concerning data uncertainty are cartographic visualization techniques. Based on the author’s own experience and research works on the quality of official spatial database data examination, the set of methods for visualization of the uncertainty of data bases EGiB, GESUT and BDOT500 was defined. This set includes visualization techniques designed to present three types of uncertainty: location, attribute values and time. Uncertainty of the position was defined (for surface, line, and point objects) using several (three to five) visual variables. Uncertainty of attribute values and time uncertainty, describing (for example) completeness or timeliness of sets, are presented by means of three graphical variables. The research problems presented in the paper are of cognitive and application importance. They indicate on the possibility of effective evaluation of the quality of spatial data collected in public registers and may be an important element of the expert system.

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42

Balyshev, Marat. Astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century. “Naukova Dumka”, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/978-966-00-1863-1.

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The main milestones of the formation and development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during 1883–1945 are reconstructed on the example of the activities of the astronomical observatory of Kharkiv University. During this period, the outstanding worldview science in Kharkiv has achieved significant success: the works of Kharkiv astronomers have received world recognition; a well-known scientific planetary school has been established at the Observatory; the scientific community highly appreciated the research on the physics and chemistry of the Moon, the giant and small planets of the Solar System. The primary goal of the research is to inscribe the history of the university Observatory into the European and world context. Its purpose is to summarize the results of a comprehensive historical ad scientific study of the development of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century and identification of ways of further scientific research. The completed research, which continues the problems of works devoted to the study of the history of astronomical science in Ukraine, focuses on expanding the well-known source base by attracting new retro-information resources. In particular, the monograph used a significant array of archival primary sources from almost twenty archival and library institutions of different countries. Most of them were introduced into scientific circulation for the first time, which allowed to determine and specify the sequence of stages of development of astronomical science in Kharkiv during the research period, to clarify and identify the little-known circumstances of the observatory life. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historism, objectivity and a systematic approach to studying the problem. To solve specific problematic tasks in the monograph, general scientific and specially historical methods were used which allowed to study, analyze and summarize the presented factual material in a complex manner. The main sections of the monograph represent the dynamics of replenishment of the instrumental base of the university observatory, the chronology of the construction of the observatory complex of buildings at the location of the modern Scientific Research Institute of Astronomy of the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University. According to the author’s periodization, the stages of formation of subjects and directions of scientific work of university astronomers have been analyzed, including: seismic observations with the help of horizontal Rebeur-Paschwitz pendulums, research of the activity of the Sun, astrometric observations on the Repsold meridian circle of for the purpose of compiling a catalog of zodiac stars, studying lunar eclipses and meteor showers. The participation of university astronomers in the creation of the plan of the city of Kharkiv and its connection with the general network of precise geometric leveling of the Military Topographic Department of the General Staff; the organization of observations by an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers of the total Solar eclipse of 1914 in Henichesk; the creation of the School-workshop of precision mechanics at the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics of Kharkiv University were considered; information on the participation of Kharkiv astronomers in the events of the civil war during the Ukrainian Revolution was documented. The scientific research activity of Kharkiv astronomers during 1920-1930-s which was devoted to carrying out important astrometric works on meridian observations of star declinations by absolute methods and observations of Kopf-Rentz stars according to the programs of the International Astronomical Union; the initiation of the creation of the Catalog of faint stars; research in astrophysics aimed at studying the physical conditions on the Moon and the Sun, planets and the interstellar environment; performing long series of spectrophotometric observations of the Moon, Jupiter, Mars and Saturn under different conditions of observation; study of the kinematics of stellar systems of different order, the physical parameters and evolution of stars, the morphology of the Galaxy, the nature of the stellar subsurfaces and atmospheres, dust and gas nebulae, new stars and the variability of stars have been considered; the directions of solid works carried out in the field of celestial mechanics, devoted to the dynamics of the minor planets of the Jupiter group, the definition and improvement of the orbits of minor planets have been clarified. The development of amateur astronomy in Kharkiv, in particular, the functioning of circles and societies that directed their activities to the dissemination of astronomical knowledge, was highlighted; the participation of their representatives in astronomical observations at the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory was emphasized. Reconstructed the development of historical events in the 1930s related to the involvement of Soviet and Western astronomers in the processes of political confrontation between the USSR and the Western world; investigated the course of circumstances that prevented the implementation of the project of creating a new modern astronomical center of national importance – the central Ukrainian observatory in Kharkiv; the participation of an expedition of Kharkiv astronomers in the observation of the «great Soviet eclipse» – the total solar eclipse of 1936 – in the North Caucasus is highlighted; established the facts of political «purges» and repressions by the People’s Commissariat for Internal Affairs ( the NKVD) in the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory. The activity of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory has been documented and authentic biographical information about its representatives during the Nazi occupation of 1941–1943, the period of the German-Soviet war, has been presented; the unpopular facts of the forced collaboration of some scientists are highlighted; the process of recovery and reconstruction of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory after the liberation of the city is characterized. With the aim of researching the personal history of Kharkiv astronomy of the studied period, the monograph presents the results of a historical and biographical study of facts of life and scientific heritage of scientists who fully devoted themselves to Science, laid the foundations for the future development of many directions of modern astronomical research, made a significant contribution to the treasury of the national and European astronomical science, whose activities were connected with the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory, in particular: Grigory Levytsky, Ludwig Struve, Mykola Evdokymov, Otto Struve, Mykola Barabashov, Boris Gerasimovich, Vasil Fesenkov, Oleksiy Razdolsky, Boris Ostashchenko-Kudryavtsev, Nicholas Bobrovnikov, Paraskovia Parkhomenko, Mstislav Savron, Boris Semeykin, Kostyantyn Savchenko and others (25 biographical essays are presented). A significant part of the mentioned factual material was also introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. A separate section of the monograph provides chronologically structured information that reflects the sequence of research work of the Kharkiv Astronomical Observatory employees during the period under study: from astrometric observations of stars and seismic research to spectrohelioscopic and spectroheliographic observations of the Sun and the initiation of the Kharkiv school of planetary science. It is assumed that the materials of the monograph will be used in research work devoted to the study of the process of institutionalization of astronomical research in Kharkiv at the end of the 19th century – the first half of the 20th century.

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