Книги з теми "HORIZONTAL BED"

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1

Sandler, H. Joint U.S./U.S.S.R. study: comparison of effects of horizontal and head-down bed rest. Moffett Field, Calif: Ames Research Center, 1990.

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2

I, Grigorʹev A., and Ames Research Center, eds. Joint U.S./U.S.S.R. study: Comparison of effects of horizontal and head-down bed rest. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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3

I, Grigorʹev A., and Ames Research Center, eds. Joint U.S./U.S.S.R. study: Comparison of effects of horizontal and head-down bed rest. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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4

Cheel, R. J. Horizontal lamination and the sequence of bed phases and stratification under upper flow regime conditions. s.l: [Brock University], 1990.

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5

Chioukh, N. Wave effects on rigid and elastically-mounted horizontal circular cylinderd placed above a plane bed. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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6

Somaini, Dario R. Erdbebenverhalten schwimmend gelagerter Balkenbrücken bei Berücksichtigung der Boden — Struktur — Interaktion und der horizontal wandernden Wellen. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-5174-9.

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7

Somaini, Dario r. Dr. Erdbebenverhalten schwimmend gelagerter Balkenbrucken bei Berucksichtigung der Boden-Struktur-Interaktion und der horizontal wandernden Wellen. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag, 1985.

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8

Eberle, Jens Christian. Zum initialen Einfluss einer reversibel veränderten Vertikaldimension bei Totalprothesenträgern auf die horizontale Projektion des Körperschwerpunktes. Marburg: Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2011.

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9

Frischmuth, Barbara. Im Liegen ist der Horizont immer so weit weg: Grenzüberschreitungen bei Barbara Frischmuth. Wien: Sonderzahl, 2016.

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10

Bormann, Franz-Josef. Natur als Horizont sittlicher Praxis: Zur handlungstheoretischen Interpretation der Lehre vom natürlichen Sittengesetz bei Thomas von Aquin. Stuttgart: Verlag W. Kohlhammer, 1999.

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11

Der eine Gott und die himmlischen Heerscharen: Zur Begründung des Monotheismus bei Deuterojesaja im Horizont der Astralisierung des Gottesverständnisses im Alten Orient. Leipzig: Evangelische Verlagsanstalt, 2000.

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12

Beilin, Igor'. Modeling of economic processes in the oil and gas region. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1842518.

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Анотація:
The textbook is aimed at developing knowledge about methods and approaches to modeling the economic processes of the region on the basis of horizontal interregional and intersectoral integration of petrochemical complexes, as well as as a result of improving the innovative infrastructure of the territories of oil production and processing, oil condensate, natural and associated gas. Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation. For students of higher educational institutions studying in the fields of "Economics", "Management", "Public Administration" (Master's degree). It can also be useful in the research work of postgraduate and doctoral studies in the scientific specialties "Economic theory", "Economics and management of the national economy", "Mathematical and instrumental methods of economics", etc.
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13

Munerman, Viktor, Vadim Borisov, and Aleksandra Kononova. Mass data processing. Algebraic models and methods. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1906037.

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Анотація:
The monograph is devoted to mathematical and algorithmic support of mass data processing based on algebraic models. One of the most common classes of mass processing is considered - processing of highly active structured data. The construction of algebraic models of data and calculations and methods of proving their correspondence are analyzed. Three algebraic systems are studied, which can be used both as data models and as models of calculations. The algebraic and axiomatic methods of proving the correspondence of these models are investigated. A proof of their correspondence is given: homomorphism and isomorphism. The problem of optimizing the processes of mass processing of data presented in the form of algebraic expressions in the proposed algebra models is raised. The algorithms of synthesis and optimization of calculation of these expressions, the method of symmetric horizontal data distribution providing parallel implementation of calculation of algebraic expressions and generalization of the block algorithm of parallel matrix multiplication for the case of multiplication of multidimensional matrices are described in detail. Architectures of software and hardware complexes for effective parallel implementation of operations in the considered algebra models are proposed. A number of real-world examples illustrating the application of the proposed methods are given. For students, postgraduates and teachers of technical and physical-mathematical universities and faculties.
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14

Fagan, Brian, and Nadia Durrani. What We Did in Bed: A Horizontal History. Yale University Press, 2019.

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15

What We Did in Bed: A Horizontal History. Yale University Press, 2019.

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16

Goshayeshi, Ali. Experimental studies of heat transfer with an array of horizontal tubes immersed in a high-temerature fluidized bed. 1989.

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17

Joint U.S./U.S.S.R. study: Comparison of effects of horizontal and head-down bed rest. Washington, D.C: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Office of Management, Scientific and Technical Information Division, 1990.

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18

Burr, Marlene Mainland. Investigation of instantaneous hydrodynamics and heat transfer to a horizontal tube immersed in a high-temperature gas-solid fluidized bed of large particles. 1998.

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19

Bhatia, Gautam. Horizontal Rights. Hart Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781509967643.

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Анотація:
A powerful, privately-owned television channel refuses to air an advertisement advocating equal rights for the LGBT community. A prestigious club bars women from standing for executive positions. A homeowner refuses to rent their house to a person on grounds of their race. Each of these real-life cases involves the exercise of private power, which deprives individuals of their rights. Can these individuals invoke the Constitution in response? Horizontal Rights: An Institutional Approach brings a fresh perspective to these age-old yet fraught issues. This book argues that constitutional scholarship and doctrine, across jurisdictions, has proceeded from an inarticulate premise called ‘default verticality.’ This is based on a set of underlying philosophical assumptions which presumes that constitutional rights are presumptively applicable against the State, and need special justification to be applied against private parties. Departing from default verticality and its assumptions, this book argues that constitutional rights should apply horizontally between private parties where the existence of an economic, social or cultural institution creates a difference in power between the parties, and allows one to violate the rights of the other. The institutional approach aims to be both theoretically convincing, as well as providing a workable model for constitutional adjudication. It applies both to classic issues such as restrictive covenants, as well as cutting-edge contemporary legal problems around the regulation of platform work and the distribution of property upon divorce. This promises to be an exciting new contribution to the global conversation around constitutional rights and private power.
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20

Mathews, Jud. Horizontal Effect and Caboose Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190682910.003.0007.

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Анотація:
This chapter picks up the story where the previous chapter left off, showing how the Supreme Court of Canada initially made a show of rejecting the application of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms to private law relationships in Dolphin Delivery. But at the same time, the Court left itself room to interpret the common law to comport with Charter values. In the years since, litigants have pressed the Court to use this power to meet their normative demands, and the Court has done so on many occasions. At the same time, the Court has showed solicitude for legislative initiatives, often using the Charter to shape private-party obligations to one other only after the legislature has taken some rights-protective action in that area, in a strategy that might be called caboose constitutionalism.
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21

Stephen, Gardbaum. Part VI Rights—Structure and Scope, Ch.33 Horizontal Effect. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0033.

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Анотація:
This chapter examines the applicability of Part III of the Indian Constitution to non-State actors and the horizontal effect of fundamental rights. More specifically, it considers the extent to which the actions of private actors deemed not to be ‘the State’ for purposes of Article 12 of the Constitution are subject to the Constitution’s fundamental rights provisions. It begins with an overview of the distinction between the direct and indirect effect of constitutional rights on non-State actors. It then explores the Indian Supreme Court’s use of its writ petition jurisdiction to approach the issue of the fundamental rights contained in Part III of the Constitution applying horizontally.
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22

Somaini, D. R. Erdbebenverhalten Schwimmend Gelagerter Balkenbrücken Bei Berücksichtigung der Boden -- Struktur -- Interaktion und der Horizontal Wandernden Wellen. Birkhauser Verlag, 2013.

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23

Wittman, David M. Galilean Relativity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199658633.003.0003.

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Анотація:
Galilean relativity is a useful description of nature at low speed. Galileo found that the vertical component of a projectile’s velocity evolves independently of its horizontal component. In a frame that moves horizontally along with the projectile, for example, the projectile appears to go straight up and down exactly as if it had been launched vertically. The laws of motion in one dimension are independent of any motion in the other dimensions. This leads to the idea that the laws of motion (and all other laws of physics) are equally valid in any inertial frame: the principle of relativity. This principle implies that no inertial frame can be considered “really stationary” or “really moving.” There is no absolute standard of velocity (contrast this with acceleration where Newton’s first law provides an absolute standard). We discuss some apparent counterexamples in everyday experience, and show how everyday experience can be misleading.
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24

Die Rechtliche Position Der Hebamme Bei Der Geburt: Vertikale Oder Horizontale Arbeitsteilung (Recht & Medizin). Peter Lang Publishing, 2003.

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25

Haase, Ernst. Tabellarische Zusammenstellung der Rohrweiten Für Verschiedene Zirkulationshöhen und Horizontale Entfernungen Bei Warmwasserheizungen Mit Unterer Wasserverteilung. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2020.

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26

Rondel, David. Vertical Egalitarianism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680688.003.0003.

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This chapter examines liberalism (classical and contemporary) as a paradigm of “vertical” egalitarianism. It shows how, from a liberal perspective, the distinction between vertical and horizontal egalitarianism corresponds loosely to the distinction between coercive principles and ethical ideals. The loose correspondence consists in the fact that most of what goes on between a government and the citizens over whom it claims authority involves the possibility of (formal) coercion. And the converse tends to be true about horizontal relationships: most of what takes place in civil society—between or among citizens—falls outside the purview of legitimate coercive interference. Beyond respecting the formal rights of others, horizontal relationships tend to be markedly free of formal coercion.
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27

Somaini, D. R. Erdbebenverhalten schwimmend gelagerter Balkenbrücken bei Berücksichtigung der Boden ― Struktur ― Interaktion und der horizontal wandernden Wellen ... Baustatik und Konstruktion). Birkhäuser, 1985.

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28

Rondel, David. Two Concepts of Equality. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680688.003.0002.

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Анотація:
This chapter distinguishes between “vertical” and “horizontal” egalitarianism. The vertical and horizontal metaphors differentiate primarily between two types of relationship in which equality is said to play an important role—the “vertical” relationship between state and citizen, on the one hand, and the “horizontal” relationship between or among the people of a society, on the other. But the distinction may be used in a wider way to track several issues around which egalitarian theories tend to diverge: about what a commitment to equality ultimately means; about to whom or what egalitarian principles are meant to apply; about how equality is achieved and what its achievement looks like, and about how theorizing on equality is properly or most promisingly undertaken.
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29

Zeitlin, Vladimir. Rotating Shallow-Water model with Horizontal Density and/or Temperature Gradients. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804338.003.0014.

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Анотація:
The derivation of rotating shallow-water equations by vertical averaging and columnar motion hypothesis is repeated without supposing horizontal homogeneity of density/potential temperature. The so-called thermal rotating shallow-water model arises as the result. The model turns to be equivalent to gas dynamics with a specific equation of state. It is shown that it possesses Hamiltonian structure and can be derived from a variational principle. Its solution at low Rossby numbers should obey the thermo-geostrophic equilibrium, replacing the standard geostrophic equilibrium. The wave spectrum of the model is analysed, and the appearance of a whole new class of vortex instabilities of convective type, resembling asymmetric centrifugal instability and leading to a strong mixing at nonlinear stage, is demonstrated.
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30

Davis, George C., and Elena L. Serrano. Horizontally and Vertically Related Competitive Markets. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199379118.003.0015.

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Анотація:
Chapter 15 demonstrates how markets may be interrelated. The chapter defines horizontally and vertically related markets and provides the steps to follow in analyzing those markets. The chapter demonstrates and discuss the implications a horizontally related market analysis would have for measuring the effect of a sugar sweetened beverage tax as has been found in the literature. The chapter then works through a hypothetical example of an increase in supply in an input market (the upstream market) and how this affects the output market (the downstream market) that is vertically related to the input market. This analysis is discussed in the context of research on the effects of US farm policy on corn prices and therefore the effects on downstream food markets and ultimately the contribution such policies make toward the obesity epidemic.
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31

Moustakas, Ulrich. Urkunde und Experiment: Neuzeitliche Naturwissenschaft Im Horizont Einer Hermeneutischen Theologie der Schöpfung Bei Johann Georg Hamann. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2015.

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32

Levy, Brian. ‘All for Education’—Meeting the Governance Challenge. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824053.003.0010.

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Анотація:
This chapter explores some implications for education policy of the research laid out in this book. First, it reviews the empirical results on how context, the quality of hierarchical and horizontal governance, and educational outcomes interact. Both the interests of stakeholders and the ideas which they hold vis-à-vis the system’s functioning shape influence whether low-level equilibrium traps take hold, and how they can be overcome. Second, it lays out a two-part policy approach—practical initiatives for incrementally improving hierarchical and horizontal governance, plus a broader reframing of the ideas surrounding how education and other public services should be provided. The overall aim is to initiate a process which proceeds deliberately, and incrementally, while cumulatively building momentum for re-orienting the system as a whole towards learning.
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33

Craig, Paul, and Gráinne de Búrca. 7. The Nature and Effect of EU Law:. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198714927.003.0007.

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Анотація:
All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter discusses the doctrine of direct effect. In a broad sense direct effect means that provisions of binding EU law, which are sufficiently clear, precise, and unconditional to be considered justiciable, can be invoked and relied on by individuals before national courts. The legal effect of directives is complex. They have vertical but not horizontal direct effect. The ECJ has however crafted a growing number of qualifications to the proposition that directives do not have horizontal direct effect. The result is that directives can still have ‘legal effect’ on private parties in various ways through the principle of indirect effect/harmonious interpretation; incidental effect; general principles of law; and where a regulation makes reference to a directive.
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34

Ferriz, José Luis Sepúlveda. A Liberdade e a Justiça: horizontes para uma racionalidade socioambiental. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-117-2.

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Анотація:
Freedom and Justice have always been challenged. Since the most remote times, and in the most varied circumstances of places and people, human beings have tried to clarify and put into practice these two controversial concepts. Freedom and Justice, in effect, are words, but also dreams, desires and practices that, not being imperfect, are less sublime and ambitious. Reflecting on them on the basis of an ethics of development and socioenvironmental sustainability is still a great challenge in our contemporaneity. This book is born from the need that we all have to reflect, understand what our role is in relation to the OTHER, understood as the other as Environment. Doing this from such disparate areas and at the same time as current as Economics, Philosophy and Ecology, is still a great opportunity to discuss complexity, transdisciplinarity and the inclusion of diverse themes, but which all converge in the Human Being and its relationship with the world. Endowing human beings with Freedom and a sense of Justice means RESPONSIBILITY. To be free and to want a better and fairer world is to endow our existence with meaning and meaning. Agency, autonomy, functioning, dignity, rights, are capacities that must be leveraged individually and collectively for authentic development to exist. Development as Freedom is a valid proposal for thinking about a socio-environmental rationality that interferes in the controversial relations between economics, ethics and the environment.
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35

Urkunde Und Experiment: Neuzeitliche Naturwissenschaft Im Horizont Einer Hermeneutischen Theologie Der Schopfung Bei Johann Georg Hamann (Theologische Bibliothek Toepelmann). Walter De Gruyter Inc, 2003.

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36

Die Freiheit des Subjekts Bei Schleiermacher: Eine Analyse Im Horizont der Debatte Um Die Willensfreiheit in der Analytischen Philosophie. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2019.

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37

Gutekunst, Katharina. Die Freiheit des Subjekts Bei Schleiermacher: Eine Analyse Im Horizont der Debatte Um Die Willensfreiheit in der Analytischen Philosophie. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2019.

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38

Gutekunst, Katharina. Die Freiheit des Subjekts Bei Schleiermacher: Eine Analyse Im Horizont der Debatte Um Die Willensfreiheit in der Analytischen Philosophie. de Gruyter GmbH, Walter, 2019.

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39

Müller, Ralf, Nathalie Drouin, and Shankar Sankaran. Balanced Leadership. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076122.001.0001.

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Анотація:
This book describes balanced leadership in projects. Based on an award winning global program of research studies on leadership reality in projects, this book shows that leadership changes constantly and is not as static as existing literature may suggests. Instead, leadership in projects is dynamically shifted between project managers, individual team members, and subteams, all balanced in situational contingency. Their leadership may be exercised through a vertical, horizontal, shared, or distributed leadership approach. However, it is balanced leadership that ensures the best suitable leadership approach is used in any given situation. For that, the book presents a project-specific leadership approach called horizontal leadership, a theory of balanced leadership, and the five building blocks that enable balanced leadership. These are nomination of team members, identification of potential leaders, selection and empowerment of leaders, empowered leadership and its governance, as well as leadership transition. Emphasis is also given to the coordination of these building blocks through the socio-cognitive space, shared by project manager and team. The book finishes with three real-life case studies that exemplify how balanced leadership unfolds in projects.
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40

Deręgowski, J. B. Cross-Cultural Studies of Illusions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0002.

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Анотація:
Cross-cultural studies are of interest primarily because they demonstrate the extent of perceptual variation that would not be observable if the samples were derived from a single population. They are also of interest because they show how variation of factors such as age, gender, environment, cultural background, and genetics affects perception. Topics addressed include horizontal-vertical illusions, the Muller-Lyer illusion, and the Sander parallelogram. Perceptual processes are explored including perception of depth.
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41

Brett, Angela. Verfahrensdauer Bei Verfassungsbeschwerdeverfahren Im Horizont der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs Für Menschenrechte Zu Art 6 Abs 1 S 1 Emrk. Duncker & Humblot GmbH, 2009.

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42

Brett, Angela. Verfahrensdauer Bei Verfassungsbeschwerdeverfahren Im Horizont der Rechtsprechung des Europäischen Gerichtshofs Für Menschenrechte Zu Art. 6 Abs. 1 S. 1 EMRK. Duncker & Humblot GmbH, 2009.

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43

William A, Schabas. Part 10 Enforcement: Exécution, Art.111 Escape/Évasion. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198739777.003.0116.

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Анотація:
This chapter comments on Article 111 of the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Article 111 sets out measures in the event of escape of a convicted person. The Rome Statute combines ‘horizontal’ and ‘vertical’ approaches to State cooperation, allowing either the State of enforcement or the Court itself to intervene, depending on the circumstances. The Court may choose to return the escaped prisoner to the original State of enforcement, or to change the State of enforcement. Given the Court's authority to oversee and review enforcement in a general sense, even if this provision were not included in the Statute the consequences of escape would probably be the same.
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44

Willumsen, David M. Conclusion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805434.003.0006.

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Анотація:
This chapter summarizes the key findings of the book, and puts them into the larger perspective of both party politics and representative government. It argues that we need to adjust our understanding of how the ‘party in the legislature’ in Europe functions, and understand it as a horizontal rather than hierarchical organization, where disciplinary tools are commitment mechanisms between rank-and-file legislators rather than a top-down tool for leaders to impose their policy preferences on their legislative parties. The chapter also suggests avenues for future research, pointing in particular to the need for regular, comparative, parliamentary surveys across countries to be conducted.
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45

Ferreira, Maria Helena Alves, Alice de Mello, and Elayne Oliveira Silva. Passeios a pé em Belo Horizonte: Um ciclo formativo aos guias de turismo. Brazil Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-340-4.

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Анотація:
A city that arose already modern, welcoming, and rich in experiences, affectionately called "Belô" or "Beagá" by some of its most intimate citizens. Every tourist easily feels welcomed in Belo Horizonte, a city that was planned to be the capital of Minas Gerais – with tree-lined streets and alleys that breathe art, stories, and charm. Despite being a Metropolis and home to approximately 2,600,000 (two million six hundred thousand) inhabitants, it still keeps secrets as a country town valuing its origins, which means not refusing a delicious coffee with "pão de queijo" (Brazilian cheese bread), and some chitchat in its squares and gardens. The best way to get to know and experience a city as a whole is to walk through it and experience its daily life, thus, connecting with the city and people. Walking around the city makes you notice details that you may have never noticed before. In this work, we present “UAI a PÉ” tours through Belo Horizonte, so that you can be familiar with and experience each one of them. Itineraries that will make you even more enchanted by our beautiful capital. Walk freely through the “Belo Horizonte Cultural: Circuito Liberdade” amid gardens and many stories and tales. Walk around the streets of the downtown, enjoying our “Belo Horizonte Urbana: Visual Arts,” which is an opportunity to experience our Urban Art that is a worldwide reference. Have a conversation at “Praça da Estação Circuito Cultural”, the gateway to our city since its foundation – many stories are kept in museums and mansions there. “Cultura e Política Mineira”, which is an itinerary from Praça da Assembeia (Assembly Square) to Praça da Estação (Station Square), to understand our history and culture. Fresh breeze and sunset in the beautiful “Pampulha: Patrimônio da Humanidade” (cultural heritage of humanity) where modernism is present in every detail of this picturesque place.
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46

Jan, Klabbers. Part III Observance and Application of Treaties, 12 Beyond the Vienna Convention: Conflicting Treaty Provisions. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588916.003.0012.

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Анотація:
This chapter discusses the notion of treaty conflict and the various suggestions that have been made to solve them. It goes into the drafting of the Vienna Convention and explains treaty conflict along more or less systemic lines, resulting from the Vienna Convention's drafters' choice to concentrate on form rather than substance in conjunction with the circumstance that in a horizontal legal order, a treaty is res inter alios acta. It is argued that the unsolvable nature of some treaty conflicts need not necessarily be considered overly problematic, but that much will depend on the attitude of those charged with the task of applying treaties and settling disputes: a virtuous approach is called for.
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47

Sperling, George, and Zhong-Lin Lu. Objectless Motion. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199794607.003.0079.

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The sum of two sine waves of the same frequency is yet another sine wave. When a moving sinewave grating (e.g., continuously translating from left to right) is added to (superimposed on) a stationary sinewave grating (the pedestal) with twice the amplitude, the sum is a sine-wave grating that wobbles back and forth. Remarkably, the left–right direction of the moving grating can be perceived just as accurately in pedestalled motion as in normal motion. At temporal frequencies of 10 Hz and greater, the wobble is too quick to be perceived. The moving pedestalled sine-wave grating is perceived as an invisible left-to-right horizontal wind above the summed sine-wave grating that wobbles back and forth at low temporal frequencies of motion but appears to be absolutely stationary at high temporal frequencies.
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48

Hood, Ralph W. Mysticism and Hypo-egoicism. Edited by Kirk Warren Brown and Mark R. Leary. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199328079.013.19.

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The shift from negative evaluations of hypo-egoicism to more positive considerations is a shared interest of both the positive psychologist and the psychologist of religion. This chapter suggests that the possible positive benefits of hypo-egoicism associated with experiences of transcendence may be interpreted as vertical (more common in psychology of religion) or horizontal (more common in positive psychology). However, the empirical consequences may be similar. The measurement of hypo-egoicism associated with reported mystical experiences is well established and the correlates of such experience are seldom associated with psychopathology. Likewise, that mysticism can be facilitated by appropriate set and setting circumstances and associated triggers such as isolation and chemicals suggests that hypo-egoicism is a human ability that can be facilitated among those interested in its likely positive outcomes for lives framed in terms of religion, spirituality, or both.
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49

French, Jeff. Social marketing and public health strategy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198717690.003.0005.

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This chapter explores how social marketing can be used to add value when developing a public health intervention that is designed to influence attitudes and behaviour. It examines the difference between how social marketing can add value to policy selection, strategy development, and operational social marketing programme delivery. The chapter explores the challenges of influencing public health policy and approaches to using social marketing principles to inform public health policy and strategy development. The advantages of developing a strategic approach to the application of social marketing are also covered, including a description of what constitutes the application of a strategic social marketing approach and how it can be analysed and evaluated. The implications for project and programme delivery, including the need for vertical and horizontal integration, are also examined.
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50

Glennan, Stuart. Mechanisms. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779711.003.0002.

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This chapter introduces the account of minimal mechanism, according to which a mechanism consists of a set of parts or entities whose activities and interactions are organized so as to be responsible for some phenomenon. The concepts appealed to in this account—phenomena, entities, activities, organization—are elaborated, and the relation of minimal mechanism to other accounts is explored. Mechanisms are shown to be compounds that are organized in two dimensions, the horizontal dimension of causal dependence and a vertical or part-whole dimension called mechanistic constitution. I argue that almost all natural and social phenomena depend upon mechanisms so characterized, and that this fact leads to a new mechanical ontology, which alters the way we should think about traditional metaphysical categories like substances, processes, properties, dispositions, causes, and laws of nature.
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