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Статті в журналах з теми "Hooded crows"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 26 липня 2024

Оновлено: 28 липня 2024

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1

Zimaroyeva, А. А., та О. V. Matsyura. "ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ГНІЗДОВОЇ ЕКОЛОГІЇ ПОПУЛЯЦІЙ СІРИХ ВОРОН (CORVUS CORNIX L.) В УМОВАХ ТРАНСФОРМОВАНИХ ЛАНДШАФТІВ". Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University 1, № 3 (25 грудня 2011): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/20111_31.

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<p>The comparative analysis of hooded crow breeding ecology was performed for Zhitomir region in 2010-2011 in terms of rural and urban distinctions. Height of trees, tree species diversity in breeding biotopes, nest size, and breeding success of hooded crows were considered for agricultural and urban landscapes. Definite patterns of breeding ecology were estimated for urban and rural populations of hooded crows. On average, the breeding density of hooded crows was 7-8 individuals/km<sup>2</sup> in Zhitomir region.</p> <p>Positive correlation was found between the breeding density of hooded crows and degree of transformation and urbanization of landscape of Zhytomyr region. The main breeding habitats of hooded crows in the Zhitomir region were the wetland sites. Communities of urban birds were characterized by earlier terms of nest building, more higher position of nests in the trees and high diversity of tree breeding habitats. In urbanized landscape we determined high proportion of large (6 eggs) and small clutches of hooded crow (3 eggs).</p> <p>On average the breeding success of crows in Zhytomyr region is 51.1%. We suggested that the main factor was high level of elimination of embryos and chicks of hooded crow. In urbanized landscapes the breeding success (50%) is somewhat higher than that in rural areas (43.5%). This can be explained by specific features of ecological niches - in cities the bird communities have few natural predators that kill chicks and destroy clutches, and potentially have more available food resources.</p> <p><em>Kew words: hooded crow, breeding ecology, Zhitomir region, comparative analysis</em></p>

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2

Korotkova, Tatyana Borisovna, and Nadezhda Yakovlevna Poddubnaya. "Adaptations of the hooded crow (Corvus cornix Linnaeus, 1758) to urban environment." Samara Journal of Science 8, no. 1 (February 28, 2019): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201981107.

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The crow birds are an inalienable component of anthropogenic ecosystems and the most successful species is the hooded crow. The success of a species depends on the conformity of a speed of adaptation process to the change rate in the environment. Organisms, adapting to the new environmental parameters in the city, demonstrate adaptive mechanisms, and can be a model for studying the evolutionary process. The process of urbanization of the hooded crow continues at present in many parts of its range, but the causes and mechanisms of these processes are not fully understood. The tasks of our research included finding out the directions and rates of the hooded crow adaptations to the changing urban environment. The research was conducted in 1997-2018. In Cherepovets, the hooded crow began to adapt to the urban environment in the late 1950s. The fastest rate of adaptations of the species was observed in the last decade. The main adaptive processes of the hooded crow in the urban system were the following: 1) territorial changes - occur at different rates, following changes in the urban development of residential buildings and in the age composition of trees, as well as changes in the culture of household waste collection service; 2) changes in the habitats of the hooded crow - are the increase in the tree species used for nesting and changes in the height of the nests, and occur during the last 15 years; 3) changes in seasonal life - in Cherepovets, hooded crows begin breeding 2 weeks earlier than in the vicinity; 4) changes in trophic links - increasing the proportion of anthropogenic feed in the diet of hooded crows as Cherepovets develops; 5) ethological changes - hooded crows became less careful at the end of the 1990s and have learned the skills of extracting food from different packages, cleaning contaminated food and dry food maceration.

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3

László Kövér, Lajos Juhász, and Péter Gyüre. "Nest-site selection of Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) in urban environment." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 50 (December 16, 2012): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/50/2562.

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In the past decade Hooded Crows showed a significant growth in Debrecen. The aim of this study was to become acquainted with Hooded Crows nest-site selection in urban circumstances. The research revealed that Hooded Crows are not choosy when it comes to selecting the species of the trees, but we noticed differences regarding nesting height - Hooded Crows living in the city build their nests in higher regions than those living in places outside Debrecen. We discovered a significant difference between nesting heights and the tree species, which is probably due to the different characteristics shown by the given tree species. As for nesting heights, we found that in typical urban habitats there were no relevant differences shown. Samet the situation, when we compared these habitats in pairs, it came to light that nesting heights - when comparing lonely trees - wood segments and tree raws – wood segments - did not show significant differences too, which can be explained by the various conditions provided by the habitats mentioned.To sum up, during our research the following results emerged:1. Hooded Crows prefer approximately the same nesting heights in all kinds of habitats, urban environment and tree species.2. Nesting height depends on the tree species but independent from habitat.

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4

Mancianti, Francesca, Giuliana Terracciano, Camilla Sorichetti, Giuseppe Vecchio, Daniele Scarselli, and Stefania Perrucci. "Epidemiologic Survey on Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella pseudospiralis Infection in Corvids from Central Italy." Pathogens 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 336. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens9050336.

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Free-ranging corvids—678 magpies (Pica pica) and 120 hooded crows (Corvus cornix) from nine protected areas of the Pisa province (central Italy)—were examined for Toxoplasma gondii and Trichinella pseudospiralis. The intracardiac blood clots from 651 magpies and 120 hooded crows were serologically examined for T. gondii. The DNA extracted from the hearts of seropositive birds was then used to perform a nested PCR for the amplification of the T. gondii B1 gene and for genotyping for SAG genetic markers. Breast muscle samples from 678 magpies and 91 hooded crows were tested by an artificial digestion method for Trichinella. Data were statistically analyzed. Forty-five (5.8%—41 magpies and four hooded crows) out of the 771 examined animals scored seropositive for T. gondii, with titers ranging from 1:25 to 1:100. T. gondii DNA was detected in 15 of the 45 positive birds and T. gondii genotypes II and III were identified. No positivity for T. pseudospiralis was found. No significant differences between the two species of corvids and among the different areas of origin were observed for seropositivity to T. gondii. This is the first extensive study on both T. gondii and T. pseudospiralis in magpies and hooded crows, as well as the first detection of T. gondii SAG genotypes in magpies.

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5

McIvor, Guillam E., and Susan D. Healy. "Communal nesting by Hooded Crows." Bird Study 62, no. 3 (June 3, 2015): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063657.2015.1045832.

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6

Kövér, László, Petra Paládi, Isma Benmazouz, Andrej Šorgo, Natalija Špur, Lajos Juhász, Péter Czine, Péter Balogh, and Szabolcs Lengyel. "Is the Hitchcock Story Really True? Public Opinion on Hooded Crows in Cities as Input to Management." Animals 12, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091207.

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In recent years, the Hooded crow (Corvus cornix) has become one of the most successful wild bird species in urban environments across Europe. Hooded crows can cause several problems in cities, including trash scattering, noise disturbance, and aggressive behavior toward humans or pets, and they can be potential vectors of pathogens. To find effective solutions, the public has to be involved in the decision-making process in urban planning management, managed by the city administration. In this study, we surveyed the attitude of people in Hungary towards crows and crow management by collecting information using an online questionnaire containing 65 questions published in 14 Facebook groups. We found that many people were familiar with corvid species and had personal experience with them. In most cases, these experiences were not negative, so the crows were not or only rarely perceived to cause problems to people, such as aggressive behavior, damage to cars or stealing something. Most respondents recognized that the presence of large numbers of hooded crows is a problem to be solved and acknowledged that they do not know how to resolve it. The majority of people expressed their interest in raising public awareness of crows but not in their management actions, which they believe should be implemented by experts. Most respondents preferred passive, harmless methods. More direct methods such as egg/chick removal from the nest, control by trapping, poisoned baits or firearms, or oral contraceptives were the least acceptable. These results express the difficulty in identifying a control method for managing hooded crow populations that is both acceptable to most people and effective at the same time. This study demonstrates the importance of involving public opinion in wildlife management and providing more information to citizens to reduce human-crow conflicts.

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7

Клетикова, Людмила Владимировна, Всеволод Алексеевич Пономарев, and Любовь Васильевна Маловичко. "Internal organs and pathologies in birds in the urban environment." Herald of Tver State University. Series: Biology and Ecology, no. 1(61) (April 13, 2021): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtbio186.

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Врановые птицы являются наиболее многочисленными в орнитофауне городов Ивановской области. В связи с этим возрос интерес к изучению эколого-физиологических особенностей врановых птиц. Данная работа просвещена изучению относительной массы внутренних органов и заболеваний у врановых. Анализ данных показал, что наибольшая относительная масса сердца была у ворона; печени - у сойки и галки; желудка - у сойки и серой вороны; кишечника - у серой вороны и сороки; легких - у ворона; почек - у галки и серой вороны; селезенки - у серой вороны; поджелудочной железы - у ворона. Наиболее часто встречаются травмы: ампутация фаланг пальцев, колотые и рваные раны, переломы трубчатых костей ног и крыльев, гемартрозы, трещины грудной кости. Вороны часто страдают пододерматитом и панкреатитом, серые вороны - спленитом, сороки и галки - ожирением, галки и сойки - гепатозом, серые вороны - гистомонозом печени. Corvids are the most numerous birds in the avifauna of the cities of the Ivanovo Region. In this regard, interest in the study of the ecological and physiological characteristics of corvids has increased. This work is enlightened by the study of the relative mass of internal organs and diseases in corvids. Analysis of the data showed that the raven had the highest relative heart mass; jays and jackdaws have the highest relative liver mass; while the highest relative mass of stomach is recorded in jays and hooded crows. The highest relative mass of the intestines is shown in hooded crows and magpies; heaviest lungs are reported for ravens. Kidneys are heaviest at jackdaws and hooded crows; spleen has the highest relative mass in hooded crows; pancreas is heaviest in crows. The most common injuries are loss of the phalanges of toes, stab and laceration wounds, and fractures of the tubular bones of the legs and wings, hemarthrosis, cracks in the chest bone. Ravens often suffer from pododermatitis and pancreatitis, hooded crows suffer from splenitis, magpies and jackdaws shows signs of obesity, jackdaws, and jays often demonstrate hepatosis, while hooded crows are susceptible to liver histomonosis.

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8

László Kövér, Lajos Juhász, and Péter Gyüre. "Nest-site preference of Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix L.) in Debrecen, Hungary." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 44 (November 20, 2011): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/44/2599.

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Анотація:

In the past decade, the population of the Hooded Crow has shown significant growth in Debrecen, Hungary. The aim of this study was to become acquainted with the nest-site selection behavior of Hooded Crows in urban spaces. While our research revealed that the Hooded Crow is not particular when it comes to selecting among tree species for nesting, we did notice differences regarding nesting height. Hooded Crows living in the city build their nests higher up than those living outside Debrecen’s city limits. We also discovered a slight, insignificant difference between nesting heights and tree species, which is probably due to the different characteristics of the given tree species. As for nesting heights, we found that in typical urban habitats there were no relevant differences. However, when we compared these habitats in pairs, it came to light that nesting heights -when comparing solitary trees - wood segments and tree rows - wooded segments- did show significant differences, which can be explained by the various conditions provided by the habitats mentioned.In summary, the following results emerged from our research:1. The Hooded Crow prefers approximately the same nesting heights in all kinds of habitats, urban environment and tree species.2. The nesting height does not significantly depend on the habitat itself or on the tree species.

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9

Hansen, H., C. A. Smedshaug, and G. A. Sonerud. "Preroosting behaviour of hooded crows (Corvus corone cornix)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 10 (October 1, 2000): 1813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z00-111.

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Gatherings of birds at preroosts before departure to nocturnal roosts have rarely been studied and their function is poorly understood. We recorded preroosting behaviour of hooded crows, Corvus corone cornix, in a mixed farmland-forest landscape in southeastern Norway during fall and winter, by selecting gatherings attended by at least one radio-tagged crow for observation. The preroosting crows perched in a highly aggregated and exposed group and did not forage. As the amount of snowfall during the preceding 24 h increased, an indication of sudden difficulty in finding food, the maximum number of crows that gathered increased, the duration of the gathering increased, and the straight-line distance covered by the radio-tagged crows from preroost to roost increased. The crows flew conspicuously in formation more often and for a longer time when on their way from preroost to roost on days with stronger winds. The results suggest that, in hooded crows, a preroost gathering is not simply a consequence of many individuals approaching the same roosting area but has some function, presumably that of maximizing the probability of finding rewarding food sites the next day by finding is a communal roost where information on the location of these sites may be obtained.

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10

Lazareva, O. F., A. A. Smirnova, Z. A. Zorina, and V. V. Rayevsky. "Hooded Crows Solve a Transitive Inference Problem Cognitively." Animal Welfare 10, S1 (February 2001): S219—S231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600023642.

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AbstractWe investigated the ability of hooded crows to form transitive inferences. Subjects were trained to discriminate a series of overlapping pairs of stimuli: A+ B-, B+ C-, C+ D-, D+ E, where the letters stood for colour stimuli and plus and minus for rewarded or non-rewarded choices. The stimuli were cards of different colours with a circle of the same colour on the reverse side and diameters decreased from A to E. To preclude an influence of the reinforcement history on choices with the test pair BD, an overcompensation phase was instituted after training. It consisted of the presentation of all training pairs with frequencies selected so that the reward to non-reward ratios for stimulus D would be between 1.5 and 2.0 times greater than for B. If, during the BD test, the bird chose the stimuli according to these ratios they should prefer D. If they chose according to diameter relation they should prefer B. During these tests, the crows strongly preferred B over D (83.1%). In a second experiment, subjects were trained with the same procedure except that the diameters of the circles were all the same. During this test, the performance of two crows was not significantly different from chance level (53.1%), and the other two crows preferred D (80.0%). We conclude that crows can solve transitivity tests using cognitive mechanisms if they are offered additional information (in this case circle diameter) which, presumably, allows them to represent the relevant stimuli in an ordered series.

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11

Saino, Nicola, and Laura Scatizzi. "Selective aggressiveness and dominance among carrion crows, hooded crows and hybrids." Bolletino di zoologia 58, no. 3 (January 1991): 255–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009109355762.

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12

Saino, Nicola, and Fiorenza De Bernardi. "Geographic variation in size and sexual dimorphism across a hybrid zone between Carrion Crows (Corvus corone corone) and Hooded Crows (C. c. cornix)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 72, no. 9 (September 1, 1994): 1543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z94-205.

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Sexual size dimorphism was analysed across a hybrid zone existing between allopatric populations of Carrion Crows and Hooded Crows (Corvus corone corone and C. c. cornix) in northwestern Italy. Twenty-five morphological (osteological and plumage) variables were measured in a sample of 1599 specimens obtained from allopatric parental areas and from the hybrid zone. For each morphological variable considered, sexual size dimorphism was measured as the ratio of males/females or the absolute difference between mean sizes of males and females within each subpopulation studied. Overall sexual size dimorphism was described by discriminant function analysis. All the sexual size dimorphism measures adopted showed variation across the hybrid zone according to elevation. Male/female ratios and male–female differences significantly differed between the parental allopatric "operational taxonomic units," Carrion Crows being more dimorphic than Hooded Crows. Across the hybrid zone, sexual size dimorphism was correlated with the phenotypic composition of the crow subpopulations and with size of males but not size of females. The data presented show that sexual size dimorphism is correlated with an ecological gradient and that its geographical variation is determined by variation in size of males only.

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13

de Knijff, P. "How carrion and hooded crows defeat Linnaeus's curse." Science 344, no. 6190 (June 19, 2014): 1345–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1255744.

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14

Moran, S. "Control of hooded crows by modified Australian traps." Phytoparasitica 19, no. 2 (June 1991): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02980354.

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15

Michnevich, N. V., O. F. Lazareva, A. A. Smirnova, Z. A. Zorina, and JI Reznikova. "Object Permanence in Young Hooded Crows and Budgerigars." Animal Welfare 10, S1 (February 2001): S243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0962728600023733.

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One of the basic components of animal perception and cognition is the understanding that there are invariant physical properties attached to objects in the world. The most commonly discussed aspect of object-concept is object permanence - the notion that objects are separate entities that continue to exist when out of sight of the observer (Piaget 1952; Krushinsky 1990). Pepperberg (1990) showed that different species of parrot are capable of reaching Stage 6 (Piaget 1952) but nothing is known about object permanence in young birds.

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16

Kryukov, A. P. "Phylogeography and hybridization of corvid birds in the Palearctic Region." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 23, no. 2 (March 30, 2019): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj19.487.

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Natural hybridization increases a lot phenotypic and genetic diversity and shapes intra-species patterns, which is a subject of phylogeography. We studied mitochondrial and complete genome variation in the bird family Corvidae, genera Corvus, Pica, Cyanopica, Perisoreus and Nucifraga. In the classic case of natural hybridization between carrion and hooded crows in Siberia, we found no decreased fitness of hybrids, but instead positive assortative mating which should restrict hybrid zone width. Several genetic markers were unable to discriminate between pure carrion and hooded crows. Mitochondrial DNA sequences revealed no difference between carrion and hooded crows, but instead two diverged haplogroups within the eastern part of the distribution range of the carrion crow. NGS resulted in a clear pattern of diversification of pure forms and hybrids (by using SNPs), and showed genomic regions of increased variability, the so-called “speciation islands”. Comparing European and Siberian crow hybrid zones, differences in genome regions bearing genes of melanogenesis supposedly under divergent selection were found. Comparative phylogeographic analysis of 10 widely distributed Palearctic species revealed two kinds of patterns: one with a division into two haplogroups, western and eastern, and another one without such a division. These two phylogeographic patterns might be explained by different habitat preferences: mainly open fields for the first group and forests for the second one. One glacial refuge was assigned to the latter group, while west-east group species might have survived in several refuges. One of such species, the Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) has a gap in its range in Transbaikalia, which is currently shrinking before our eyes. The two subspecies divided by this gap differ in phenotype, mtDNA and vocalization. In their young contact zone, some hybridization occurs with small introgression limited by certain post-zygotic isolation.

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17

Benmazouz, Isma, László Kövér, and Gábor Kardos. "Does the Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) harbour vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Hungary?" Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 2 (December 6, 2022): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/11523.

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Vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) are high priority nosocomial bacteria with a potential for zoonotic transmission. Thus, its emergence outside health establishments is a major concern. In order to study the prevalence of VRE in wildlife, we collected 221 faecal samples from free-ranging Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) from urban and rural habitats in Hungary, from March to August 2020. The screening for resistant enterococci was done using bile esculin azide (BEA) agar supplemented with Vancomycin, specific to the screening of VRE. None of the samples from either habitat types yielded VRE. It seems that Hooded Crows from Hungary do not necessarily constitute a reservoir of VREs at present. Nonetheless, a continuous surveillance of VRE in wildlife would be judicious.

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18

Lazareva, Olga F., Anna A. Smirnova, Maria S. Bagozkaja, Zoya A. Zorina, Vladimir V. Rayevsky, and Edward A. Wasserman. "TRANSITIVE RESPONDING IN HOODED CROWS REQUIRES LINEARLY ORDERED STIMULI." Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior 82, no. 1 (July 2004): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2004.82-1.

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19

McIvor, Guillam E., Candy Rowe, and Susan D. Healy. "Deterring hooded crows from re-nesting on power poles." Wildlife Society Bulletin 36, no. 4 (October 18, 2012): 729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wsb.211.

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20

Preininger, Doris, Bjoern Schoas, Diether Kramer, and Markus Boeckle. "Waste Disposal Sites as All-You-Can Eat Buffets for Carrion Crows (Corvus corone)." Animals 9, no. 5 (May 4, 2019): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani9050215.

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Анотація:

In cities and densely populated areas, several corvid species are considered nuisance animals. In Austria, particularly carrion (Corvus corone) and hooded crows (C. cornix) are regarded as pests by the general public that frequently cause damage to crops, feed on human waste, and thus spread trash. We conducted a detailed one-year field survey to estimate the abundance of carrion crows in relation to potential anthropogenic food sources and reference sites in the Austrian Rhine valley. Our results demonstrated that the number and proximity of waste management facilities, animal feeding areas, and agricultural areas, and the productive capacity of agricultural areas, predominantly influenced habitat choice and abundance of carrion crows. In the current study, the probability of observing more than two carrion crows at a survey site decreased with increasing human population density. Moreover, the abundance of crows increased despite a continuous increase in crow hunting kills registered during the past 25 years. Our study suggests a regionally comprehensive waste management plan could serve as a promising strategy to manage nuisance birds. A reduction in anthropogenic food supply through improved waste management practices is required for long-term, sustainable management to limit the abundance of crow populations in and close to urban environments.

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21

Paládi, Petra, Isma Benmazouz, Szabolcs Lengyel, and László Kövér. "The impact of population management on urban and rural Hooded Crow populations." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 2 (December 1, 2023): 119–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/2/13015.

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Анотація:

Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix), originally native to agricultural areas, has become widespread in urban areas in recent decades. However, this process has negative consequences on urban animals and humans. Due to these problems, the control of urban crow populations is needed. Crows also cause significant damage to wildlife management, and are constantly being controlled in rural areas as well. In this study, we compare rural and urban populations to find out whether hunting activities have a population reduction effect. In the rural population, the reduction is carried out by weapons and traps, while the urban crows are controlled using traps only. In both sample areas, crow nests were surveyed during the nesting period. 29 active nests were monitored in the rural area in 2021, and 39 in 2022. In the urban area, 44 nests were recorded in 2021 and 35 nests in 2022. In 2021, 30 individuals were removed in the rural area, and 84 in 2022. In the urban area, 223 individuals were removed in 2021 and 144 in 2022. Results show that the number of crows removed follows the number of active nests, so that the reduction of a given year is likely to have an effect on the following year's nesting population. Because traps mostly capture juvenile birds, reducing the breeding population in the city can only be achieved in the long-term. Considering this, it is likely that increased attention to population control can effectively maintain crow populations and reduce the problems they cause.

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22

Samuleeva, M. V., and A. A. Smirnova. "THE STUDY OF THE SIGNS LEARNING PROCESS IN HOODED CROWS." Herald of Tver State University. Series: Biology and Ecology, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/vtbio61.

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23

Hansen, H., C. A. Smedshaug, and G. A. Sonerud. "Preroosting behaviour of hooded crows (Corvus corone cornix)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 10 (2000): 1813–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-78-10-1813.

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24

Loman, Jon. "BROOD SIZE OPTIMIZATION AND ADAPTION AMONG HOODED CROWS CORVUS CORONE." Ibis 122, no. 4 (April 3, 2008): 494–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1980.tb00904.x.

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25

Berrow, S. D., T. C. Kelly, and A. A. Myers. "The diet of coastal breeding hooded crows corvus corone comix." Ecography 15, no. 4 (October 1992): 337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.1992.tb00044.x.

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26

Aaziz, Rachid, Karine Laroucau, Federica Gobbo, Daniela Salvatore, Christiane Schnee, Calogero Terregino, Caterina Lupini, and Antonietta Di Francesco. "Occurrence of Chlamydiae in Corvids in Northeast Italy." Animals 12, no. 10 (May 10, 2022): 1226. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12101226.

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Chlamydiaceae occurrence has been largely evaluated in wildlife, showing that wild birds are efficient reservoirs for avian chlamydiosis. In this study, DNA extracted from cloacal swabs of 108 corvids from Northeast Italy was screened for Chlamydiaceae by 23S real-time (rt)PCR. The positive samples were characterised by specific rtPCRs for Chlamydia psittaci, Chlamydia abortus, Chlamydia gallinacea, Chlamydia avium, Chlamydia pecorum and Chlamydia suis. Cloacal shedding of Chlamydiaceae was detected in 12 out of 108 (11.1%, 5.9%–18.6% 95% CI) corvids sampled. Molecular characterisation at the species level was possible in 8/12 samples, showing C. psittaci positivity in only one sample from a hooded crow and C. abortus positivity in seven samples, two from Eurasian magpies and five from hooded crows. Genotyping of the C. psittaci-positive sample was undertaken via PCR/high-resolution melting, clustering it in group III_pigeon, corresponding to the B genotype based on former ompA analysis. For C. abortus genotyping, multilocus sequence typing was successfully performed on the two samples with high DNA load from Eurasian magpies, highlighting 100% identity with the recently reported Polish avian C. abortus genotype 1V strain 15-58d44. To confirm the intermediate characteristics between C. psittaci and C. abortus, both samples, as well as two samples from hooded crows, showed the chlamydial plasmid inherent in most C. psittaci and avian C. abortus, but not in ruminant C. abortus strains. The plasmid sequences were highly similar (≥99%) to those of the Polish avian C. abortus genotype 1V strain 15-58d44. To our knowledge, this is the first report of avian C. abortus strains in Italy, specifically genotype 1V, confirming that they are actively circulating in corvids in the Italian region tested.

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27

Rofstad, Gunnar, and Jostein Sandvik. "Morphology of Hatchling Hooded Crows and Its Relation to Egg Volume." Condor 89, no. 3 (August 1987): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1368639.

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28

Jensen, Kenneth K., and Signe Klokker. "Hearing sensitivity and critical ratios of hooded crows (Corvus corone cornix)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 119, no. 2 (2006): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2159431.

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29

Davenport, John, Michael J. A. O'Callaghan, Julia L. Davenport, and Thomas C. Kelly. "Mussel dropping by Carrion and Hooded crows: biomechanical and energetic considerations." Journal of Field Ornithology 85, no. 2 (May 26, 2014): 196–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jofo.12060.

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30

Bodey, Thomas W., Robbie A. McDonald, and Stuart Bearhop. "Mesopredators constrain a top predator: competitive release of ravens after culling crows." Biology Letters 5, no. 5 (July 2009): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0373.

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Although predator control programmes rarely consider complex competitive interactions among predators, it is becoming clear that removal of larger ‘superior’ competitors often releases the ‘inferior’ ones and can precipitate trophic cascades. In contrast, our study indicates that culling hooded crows Corvus cornix appears to release a larger competitor, the common raven Corvus corax . Ravens ranged more widely, and the predation of artificial nests was significantly faster (although total predation was similar), after the removal of crows. Our study provides evidence of a novel reversal of competitive release where a larger species was freed from constraints imposed on its distribution and behaviour by a smaller species, and emphasizes the importance of considering community and ecosystem effects of predator manipulations when undertaken for conservation or game management.

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31

Matsyura, A. V. "Hawk kite as potential bird scare device (the case of pigeons and grain processing factory)." Ukrainian Journal of Ecology 8, no. 2 (May 1, 2018): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/2018_350.

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Here we presented the preliminary results of hawk kite usage against the feral pigeons in some grain processing factory. We studied the temporal and spatial patterns of repellent effect and bird behavior. We suggested the feral pigeons gradually increase the level of tolerance towards the hawk kite if no additional repellent measures were undertaken. Moreover, even initially the feral pigeons demonstrate higher tolerance towards the hawk kite compared to the Rooks or Hooded Crows.

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32

Smirnova, A. A., Yu A. Kalashnikova, M. V. Samuleeva, and Z. A. Zorina. "Evaluating the Capability of Mirror Self-Recognition in Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix)." Biology Bulletin 47, no. 7 (December 2020): 836–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s106235902007016x.

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33

Parker, Howard. "Effect of Culling on Population Size in Hooded Crows Corvus corone cornix." Ornis Scandinavica 16, no. 4 (December 1985): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676694.

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34

Saino, Nicola, and Fiorenza De Bernardi. "Phenotypic correlates of breeding status in female carrion crows (Corvus corone corone)and hooded crows (Corvus c. cornix)." Bolletino di zoologia 61, no. 2 (January 1994): 167–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009409355878.

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35

LOMAN, JON. "NEST TREE SELECTION AND VULNERABILITY TO PREDATION AMONG HOODED CROWS CORVUS CORONE CORNIX." Ibis 121, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 204–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1979.tb04963.x.

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36

Cucuzza, L. Starvaggi, A. D. Pérez-Rodríguez, P. Pregel, B. Biolatti, F. T. Cannizzo, E. Bollo, and F. E. Scaglione. "Prevalence of Avian Haemosporida Lineages in Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) from Piedmont Region." Journal of Comparative Pathology 174 (January 2020): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.10.126.

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37

Lipták, Ján. "Nesting by Hobbies (Falco subbuteo) in the Košice Basin (Eastern Slovakia) from 1996 to 2005." Slovak Raptor Journal 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2012): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10262-012-0009-3.

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Abstract In the course of ten nesting seasons from 1996 to 2005 I observed nesting by hobbies in Eastern Slovakia within a territory of 1000 km2 in the Košice Basin. During this ten-year period 218 nestings were recorded. The average population density was two pairs per 100 km2 in the monitored territory. In certain quadrants with better occupation it was from four to seven pairs per 100 km2. The birds nested more frequently on very high tension (VHT) electricity pylons (126 instances) than in trees (92 instances). They prefer the nests of hooded crows (Corvuscorone cornix) (110 cases) and ravens (Corvus corax) (90 cases), and in only 18 cases did they use another nesting solution. When nesting in VHT pylons in the 1980’s they used to make more use of crows’ nests, but at the present time they prefer ravens’ nests to a significant degree.

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38

Rofstad, Gunnar. "The Effects of Weather on the Morphology of Nestling Hooded Crows Corvus corone cornix." Ornis Scandinavica 19, no. 1 (March 1988): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3676523.

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39

Bagotskaya, M. S., A. A. Smirnova, and Z. A. Zorina. "Studying the ability of hooded crows (Corvus cornix L.) to solve trap tube test." Biology Bulletin Reviews 3, no. 5 (September 2013): 362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s2079086413050022.

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40

Scaglione, F. E., L. Starvaggi Cucuzza, P. Pregel, L. Chiappino, A. Sereno, E. Ferroglio, M. Pasquetti, A. Peano, and E. Bollo. "Dermatophilus spp. and Candida spp. Infections In Free-Living Hooded Crows (Corvus corone cornix)." Journal of Comparative Pathology 154, no. 1 (January 2016): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcpa.2015.10.159.

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41

Saino, N., and A. Meriggi. "Habitat occupancy and breeding densities of coexisting Hooded Crows and Magpies: a multivariate approach." Ethology Ecology & Evolution 2, no. 2 (July 1990): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927014.1990.9525487.

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42

Rofstad, Gunnar. "Growth and morphology of nestling Hooded crows Corvus corone cornix, a sexually dimorphic bird species." Journal of Zoology 208, no. 2 (August 20, 2009): 299–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7998.1986.tb01516.x.

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43

Sonerud, G. A., C. A. Smedshaug, and Ø. Bråthen. "Ignorant hooded crows follow knowledgeable roost-mates to food: support for the information centre hypothesis." Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 268, no. 1469 (April 22, 2001): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2001.1586.

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44

Picozzi, N. "HYBRIDIZATION OF CARRION AND HOODED CROWS CORVUS C. CORONE AND CORVUS C. CORNIX, IN NORTHEASTERN SCOTLAND." Ibis 118, no. 2 (April 3, 2008): 254–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-919x.1976.tb03072.x.

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45

Abdoli, Amir, Mohsen Arbabi, Majid Pirestani, Mehran Mirzaghavami, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Abdolhossein Dalimi, and Javid Sadraei. "Molecular assessment of Neospora caninum and Toxoplasma gondii in hooded crows ( Corvus cornix ) in Tehran, Iran." Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases 57 (April 2018): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2018.06.008.

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46

Mörner, Torsten, and Roland Mattsson. "EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF FIVE SPECIES OF RAPTORS AND OF HOODED CROWS WITH FRANCISELLA TULARENSIS BIOVAR PALAEARCTICA." Journal of Wildlife Diseases 24, no. 1 (January 1988): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-24.1.15.

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47

Saino, Nicola, Wolfgang Wuster, and Roger Stephen Thorpe. "Congruence between morphological variation and altitudinal gradient across a hybrid zone between carrion and hooded crows." Italian Journal of Zoology 65, no. 4 (January 1998): 407–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11250009809386782.

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48

Palestrini, C., and A. Rolando. "Differential calls by Carrion and Hooded Crows (Corvus corone coroneandC. c. cornix) in the Alpine hybrid zone." Bird Study 43, no. 3 (November 1996): 364–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00063659609461030.

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49

Špur, Natalija, Boštjan Pokorny, and Andrej Šorgo. "Attitudes toward and Acceptability of Management Strategies for a Population of Hooded Crows (Corvus cornix) in Slovenia." Anthrozoös 29, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 669–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08927936.2016.1228766.

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50

Bensch, Steffan, Thomas Karlsson, Hans Källander, and Robert Lager. "Predation och störningar i skrattmåskolonier." Ornis Svecica 6, no. 1–2 (April 1, 1996): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.34080/os.v6.22998.

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The frequency of disturbance and predation was studied during one breeding season at six Black-headed Gull Larus ridibundus colonies and during two breeding seasons at four colonies. The level of disturbance, i.e. when at least part of the gulls were put on the wing, varied from just above once an hour to nearly ten times an hour. Marsh Harriers Circus aeruginosus elicited the strongest response with respect to number of gulls leaving the nest (mean 57% of colony) while mink Mustela vison caused the longest disturbances (mean 4.6 min). Among the frequently occurring potential predators of Black-headed Gull eggs and chicks, large gulls (L. argentatus, L. marinus) normally caused disturbance much less often than once an hour and Hooded Crows Corvus corone cornix less often than once an hour (except at one locality in 1992 when a breeding pair entered a colony as often as 5.5 times an hour). Marsh Harriers were lacking at three, caused disturbance c. 0.1-1.2 times per hour at eight, and up to three times an hour at three colonies. On average 3% of predation attempts by large gulls were successful versus 14% for both crows and Marsh Harriers (neither the frequency of visits nor predation by mink could be estimated because of difficulties in observing this species). A crude estimate of the number of gull eggs and chicks taken by the three avian predators showed that large gulls had a negligible impact in all colonies, crows normally took less than 10% of eggs laid (33% in one colony) and Marsh Harriers mostly 0-10%. Even though predation by crows and/or Marsh Harriers can be considerable, it is concluded that increased avian predation cannot explain the decrease in Black-headed Gull numbers in Sweden; the mink's role remains to be evaluated.

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