Дисертації з теми "Holes of small sizes"
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1
Буковський, Олег Миколайович. "Підвищення ефективності обробки отворів малих розмірів в умовах автоматизованого виробництва". Master's thesis, Київ, 2018. https://ela.kpi.ua/handle/123456789/25648.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Магістерська атестаційна робота на тему: «Підвищення ефективності обробки отворів малих розмірів в умовах автоматизованого виробництва» складається із 109 аркушів. До неї входять: 18 рисунків, 31 таблиця, 3 додатки. В роботі використано 52 бібліографічні найменування.
Завданням даної роботи є розробка системи підвищення ефективності обробки отворів малих розмірів в умовах автоматизованого виробництва.
Проаналізовано існуючі методи підвищення ефективності обробки отворів малих розмірів в умовах автоматизованого виробництва, розглянуто методи їх формоутворення, здійснено теоретичне дослідження особливостей процесу різання при свердлінні отворів, встановлено вплив швидкості різання, властивостей оброблюваного матеріалу, діаметра свердла, подачі та температури різання на ефективність обробки отворів малих розмірів. В результаті досліджень вирішено розробити автоматизовану систему підвищення ефективності обробки отворів малих розмірів, яка базується на вимірюванні сил різання та крутного моменту процесу свердління. Для її реалізації створено математичну модель, принципову схему роботи, побудовано алгоритм її роботи та створено необхідне програмне забезпечення. Здійснено дослідження підвищення ефективності обробки отворів малих розмірів з допомогою повного факторного експерименту.
Результати даної роботи можуть бути використані державними підприємствами задля підвищення ефективності обробки отворів малих розмірів в умовах автоматизованого виробництва шляхом контролю процесу різання.Master's attestation work on the topic: "Improving the efficiency of processing apertures of small sizes in the conditions of automated production" consists of 109 sheets. It includes 18 pictures, 30 tables, 3 attachments. 52 bibliographic titles were used in the work. The task of this work is to develop a system for improving the processing efficiency of small-sized apertures in the conditions of automated production. The existing methods of increasing the efficiency of processing small-sized apertures in the conditions of automated production are analyzed, the methods of their forming are considered, the theoretical study of the features of the cutting process during drilling of apertures has been carried out, the influence of cutting speed, properties of the treated material, the diameter of the drill, the filing and the temperature of cutting on the efficiency of processing the apertures of small sizes. As a result of the research, it was decided to develop an automated system for improving the efficiency of small-sized aperture processing, which is based on measuring the cutting forces and torque of the drilling process. For its realization a mathematical model, a basic scheme of work was created, an algorithm of its work was created and the necessary software was created. The research of increase of efficiency of processing of apertures of small sizes with the help of a full factor experiment has been carried out. The results of this work can be used by state-owned enterprises to improve the efficiency of processing small-sized apertures in the conditions of automated production by controlling the cutting process.
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Frömke, Cornelia. "Relevance-shifted tests for high dimensional data with small sample sizes." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=981484425.
Повний текст джерела
3
Van, Delinder Kurt William. "Higher statistical uncertainty with small pixel sizes gives higher gamma pass rates." Thesis, Wayne State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10193739.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Monte Carlo (MC) based dose calculation methods trade-off accuracy at the expense of computational time, which is, correlated to the user input values of statistical uncertainty and pixel spacing (1). It was first hinted by low et. al. that noise generated within either the calculated or measured plan distributions can affect the result of the plan verification by method of ‘Gamma Index Analysis’(GI) (2). The purpose of this research experiment is to investigate a possible correlation between added noise from increasing MC statistical uncertainty and increasing the odds of a plan passing the GI verification criteria. For this research experiment, we calculated 10 head and neck radiation therapy treatment plans using the MC dose calculation method within Monaco TPS. We varied the statistical uncertainty values from 5%, 3%, 1% and 0.25% and varied the voxel size values from 3mm, 2mm and 1mm. The treatment plans were then administered on an Elekta Versa linear accelerator and measured using Mapcheck dose measurement device. Each plan was evaluated for clinical pass/fail using the GI Analysis with criteria 3%/3mm and 2%/2mm. For 1 mm voxel size, 3%/3mm GI, there was an increase in average gamma pass rates from 98.91% calculated at 0.5% statistical uncertainty to 99.61% calculated at 5% statistical uncertainty. For 1 mm voxel size, 2%/2mm GI, there was an increase in average gamma pass rates from 97.02% calculated at 0.5% statistical uncertainty to 98.80% calculated at 5% statistical uncertainty. At 2 mm and 3 mm voxel sizes, there was not a clear demonstrable increase in average gamma pass rates. The experimental results conclude that the user must be careful when selecting a statistical uncertainty prior to performing a MC dose calculation. The input of a high statistical uncertainty does not lead to more points failing the GI, but paradoxically, can increase the chances that the evaluated radiation therapy plan will pass the acceptance evaluation.
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Wood, Scott William. "Differential item functioning procedures for polytomous items when examinee sample sizes are small." Diss., University of Iowa, 2011. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1110.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As part of test score validity, differential item functioning (DIF) is a quantitative characteristic used to evaluate potential item bias. In applications where a small number of examinees take a test, statistical power of DIF detection methods may be affected. Researchers have proposed modifications to DIF detection methods to account for small focal group examinee sizes for the case when items are dichotomously scored. These methods, however, have not been applied to polytomously scored items.
Simulated polytomous item response strings were used to study the Type I error rates and statistical power of three popular DIF detection methods (Mantel test/Cox's β, Liu-Agresti statistic, HW3) and three modifications proposed for contingency tables (empirical Bayesian, randomization, log-linear smoothing). The simulation considered two small sample size conditions, the case with 40 reference group and 40 focal group examinees and the case with 400 reference group and 40 focal group examinees.
In order to compare statistical power rates, it was necessary to calculate the Type I error rates for the DIF detection methods and their modifications. Under most simulation conditions, the unmodified, randomization-based, and log-linear smoothing-based Mantel and Liu-Agresti tests yielded Type I error rates around 5%. The HW3 statistic was found to yield higher Type I error rates than expected for the 40 reference group examinees case, rendering power calculations for these cases meaningless. Results from the simulation suggested that the unmodified Mantel and Liu-Agresti tests yielded the highest statistical power rates for the pervasive-constant and pervasive-convergent patterns of DIF, as compared to other DIF method alternatives. Power rates improved by several percentage points if log-linear smoothing methods were applied to the contingency tables prior to using the Mantel or Liu-Agresti tests. Power rates did not improve if Bayesian methods or randomization tests were applied to the contingency tables prior to using the Mantel or Liu-Agresti tests. ANOVA tests showed that statistical power was higher when 400 reference examinees were used versus 40 reference examinees, when impact was present among examinees versus when impact was not present, and when the studied item was excluded from the anchor test versus when the studied item was included in the anchor test. Statistical power rates were generally too low to merit practical use of these methods in isolation, at least under the conditions of this study.
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Chirara, Karim. "Laboratory tests of corrugated plastic drainage tubing with small holes in different soils." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64035.
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Adamiv, V. T., P. Yu Demchenko, R. M. Dutka, R. V. Gamernyk, Yu O. Kulyk, and I. M. Teslyuk. "Determination of Sizes of Ag Nanoparticles in Glass Li2B4O7:Ag,Gd." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2015. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/42610.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Annealing in air and vacuum were obtained glass samples Li2B4O7:Ag,Gd with Ag NPs. Three methods: the half-width strip plasmon resonance, X-ray diffraction and Small-angle X-ray scattering, in these samples by size NPs Ag. Revealed that the size of NPs Ag, defined by half-widths plasmon resonance band much smaller than obtained by other methods. It is concluded that the methods of X-ray diffraction and small-angle X-ray scattering give results closer to reality than the method plasmon resonance.
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Brewer, Carl G. "A comparative study of iterative and noniterative factor analytic techniques in small to moderate sample sizes /." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65540.
Повний текст джерела
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Heikkilä, V. (Valtteri). "A study on dynamic memory allocation mechanisms for small block sizes in real-time embedded systems." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2013. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201302081026.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Embedded real-time and battery-powered systems are increasing in numbers, and their software complexity is growing. This creates a demand for more efficient dynamic memory allocation in real-time embedded systems. Small improvements in dynamic memory allocation can greatly reduce system overall memory usage, fragmentation and energy consumption. Most of today’s general-purpose allocators are unsuitable for real-time embedded systems since they are not designed for real-time constraints.
This thesis contains a study on the suitability of dynamic memory allocation mechanisms for small block allocation in real-time embedded systems. We first perform a literature survey on dynamic memory allocation mechanisms and then analyze general-purpose allocators. From this we arrive to a set of allocation mechanisms for additional experimental study. We then conduct simulations on the selected mechanisms by using both real and synthetic traces to measure the mechanism fragmentation and WCET. We then evaluate the mechanisms and their tradeoffs and present an analysis on their suitability for small block allocation in real-time embedded systems.
This thesis additionally introduces Bitframe allocator, a new bitmapped fits allocator. The introduced allocator demonstrates that bitmapped fits can be used effectively for dynamic memory allocation. We are however unsure if bitmapped fits can offer better efficiency than other mechanisms.
Our results confirm that TLSF is one of the best allocators for real-time systems in terms of performance and fragmentation. Our results also confirm that reaps has low fragmentation and very low WCET when small blocks are allocated. Our results also show that simple segregated storage and region mechanism should not be used in real-time systems due to high worst-case fragmentation.
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Pacini, Clare. "Inferring condition specific regulatory networks with small sample sizes : a case study in Bacillus subtilis and infection of Mus musculus by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/269711.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Modelling interactions between genes and their regulators is fundamental to understanding how, for example a disease progresses, or the impact of inserting a synthetic circuit into a cell. We use an existing method to infer regulatory networks under multiple conditions: the Joint Graphical Lasso (JGL), a shrinkage based Gaussian graphical model. We apply this method to two data sets: one, a publicly available set of microarray experiments perturbing the gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis under multiple experimental conditions; the second, a set of RNA-seq samples of Mouse (Mus musculus) embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) infected with different strains of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii. In both cases we infer a subset of the regulatory networks using relatively small sample sizes. For the Bacillus subtilis analysis we focused on the use of these regulatory networks in synthetic biology and found examples of transcriptional units active only under a subset of conditions, this information can be useful when designing circuits to have condition dependent behaviour. We developed methods for large network decomposition that made use of the condition information and showed a greater specificity of identifying single transcriptional units from the larger network using our method. Through annotating these results with known information we were able to identify novel connections and found supporting evidence for a selection of these from publicly available experimental results. Biological data collection is typically expensive and due to the relatively small sample sizes of our MEF data set we developed a novel empirical Bayes method for reducing the false discovery rate when estimating block diagonal covariance matrices. Using these methods we were able to infer regulatory networks for the host infected with either the ME49 or RH strain of the parasite. This enabled the identification of known and novel regulatory mechanisms. The Toxoplasma gondii parasite has shown to subvert host function using similar mechanisms as cancers and through our analysis we were able to identify genes, networks and ontologies associated with cancer, including connections that have not previously been associated with T. gondii infection. Finally a Shiny application was developed as an online resource giving access to the Bacillus subtilis inferred networks with interactive methods for exploring the networks including expansion of sub networks and large network decomposition.
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Yates, Megan. "The physiological importance of small leaf sizes in the mediterranean type ecosystem vegetation of the Cape floristic region." Bachelor's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26302.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Numerous "Fynbos" species of the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) have particularly fine, narrow leaves. The rates of transpiration and heat loss are partially dependent on boundary layer conductance, which is determined by leaf shape and size, surface modifications and wind speed. We expected fine-leaved species with higher boundary layer conductance to transpire faster than broad-leaved species at low temperatures whereas at higher temperatures we expected transpiration to be limited by stomata! conductance. In contrast, the rate of heat loss may be constrained by thick boundary layers in larger leaves at high temperatures. Leaf gas exchange characteristics at various temperatures were correlated with boundary layer thickness, leaf area and specific leaf area for 14 Proteaceae species using phylogenetically independent contrast species. When the temperatures of individual leaves were altered, while ambient temperature was kept at l 8°C, water loss decreased significantly at both 12°C and 30°C with increased leaf size and thus boundary layer thickness. At 30°C, small leaves with thin boundary layers resulted in leaf temperatures below ambient, while larger leaves with thicker boundary layers had leaf temperatures closer to ambient. However, at 30°C the variation in leaf temperature between the smallest and largest leaves was only 3.4°C. Such a small variation in leaf temperature is unlikely to alter temperature-dependent physiological processes. We conclude that the small boundary layer associated with small leaves enables fine-leaved species to transpire at faster rates when water is plentiful. This may be a particularly important strategy for plants that take up most of their nutrients in the wet winter months from nutrient-poor highly leached soils of the CFR region. We suggest that fine leaves are an adaptation for nutrient uptake during winter, although they may also have the benefit of improved coupling of leaf to ambient temperature during the summer drought period.
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Andersson, Claes, and Aizhan Stanbayeva. "What aspects affect inter-organizational knowledge transfer in different company sizes? An exploratory study." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-45529.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose - The purpose of this thesis is to explore aspects that affect inter-organizational knowledge transfer (KT), at the organizational level, from different sized companies such as small and medium enterprise (SME) and large or multinational company (LC/MNC), separately, to their partners.Design/methodology/approach - This thesis conducted a qualitative study with a deductive approach, using two companies in Sweden that belong to the hospitality industry and health sector, one SME, and one LC/MNC in order to explore the aspects that affect inter-organizational knowledge transfer by applying a theoretical framework based on existing literature. Thus, the thesis adopts an exploratory case study approach as a research strategy, to which the theoretical framework is applied to. Findings – The theoretical framework regarding SMEs and LC/MNCs engaging in inter-organizationalKT with partners found that the following aspects are affected differently in the companies: (1) Howformal and informal Knowledge governance mechanisms are applied in the different sized firms (e.g.,LC/MNC aim to reduce cost and improve profitability with formal, while SMEs focus on growth andexpansion with informal) (2) Formal trust agreements are used to establish Trust with partners for bothsized firms (e.g., by None-disclosure agreements), (3) In Cultural distance, SMEs focus onunderstanding the decision-making process and motivation of their international partners, (4)Geographical distance/proximity is prevalent to establish trust-based relationship between partners, (5)In Disseminative capacity SMEs as a source feel less motivated to exchange knowledge with differentpartners, e.g., a LC/MNC due to their rigid processes and inflexibility , (6) The LC/MNC prefer formalSocial ties with partners, while SMEs prefer informal ones, however the SME often ends up adaptingto their larger partners preferences, (7) Both the SME and LC/MNC attempt to establish Motivation viathe job deception for the employees and the employees were motivated by this rather than being offeringintrinsic or extrinsic motivation, (8) The SME’s Absorptive capacity as a recipient of knowledge, limitsthe KT due to their organizational limitations and (9) The perspective of LC/MNC regarding Knowledgecharacteristics, when the maturity level and experience of the partner organization (e.g., a SME) isdeemed low, this affects the KT negatively as it increases ambiguity and tacitness of the knowledge,while complexity was found to be of low concern due to the smaller organizational needs. Managerial implications - This thesis brings practical implications to senior managers of companies at the strategic level. First, the findings provide an understanding of aspects that affect inter-organizational knowledge transfer where one organization can prioritize aspects that belong to different sized partners and shape accordingly a strategy on collaboration and interaction with external partners of different sizes. Therefore, when top managers are aware of aspects that affect knowledge exchange between partners, they can identify various risks of success and failure in KT processes according to the list provided and prioritize actions and opportunities that can arise due to engagement in that partnership: cultural, geographical, motivation, partner’s capabilities, ambiguity, complexity, etc. Secondly, to draw a holistic snapshot of various aspects in the findings that affect KT activities from the inter-organizational perspective for different firm sizes in terms of similarities and differences of KT activities for LC/MNCs and SMEs, managers can establish specific strategies to analyze their own knowledge transfer activities to adjust accordingly when participate in inter-organizational knowledge transfer with partners depending on the size. Originality/value - This research adds value to inter-organizational KT aspects for SMEs and LC/MNCs in terms of differences and similarities, in the sense of how KT aspects affect the different organizations, as the aspects are prioritized, impacted, and treated differently based on the size of the organization. Thus, this thesis integrates aspects that affect inter-organizational KT from different bodies of the literature and demonstrate theoretically and empirically the perspective of different company size(LC/MNC and SME). Keywords - Knowledge transfer, Inter-organizational, Organizational level, LC/MNC, Large company, Multinational company, SME, Small and medium enterprise.Paper – Master thesis.
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Todorov, Hristo [Verfasser]. "Pattern analysis, dimensionality reduction and hypothesis testing in high-dimensional data from animal studies with small sample sizes / Hristo Todorov." Mainz : Universitätsbibliothek der Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224895347/34.
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Leval, Delilah Zoe. "Cost-benefit Analysis of Greening an Older Modest-sized Home." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/393.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This professional project estimates the upfront costs and utility savings expected from greening an approximately 1,100 square foot home built in the 1950s in the San Francisco Bay Area. Two sets of upgrades (alternative and original) were compared for costs and benefits. The alternative set (which included ceiling insulation and omitted upgrading to dual-pane windows) clearly out performed the original set. The alternative set would be expected to reduce resident utility bills by 28% annually, and to prevent approximately 2,700 lbs of carbon dioxide emissions annually. The water efficiency upgrades were the best performing group of upgrades, as they had the lowest upfront cost and shortest payback period. (These water efficiency upgrades consisted of modifying toilets, faucets, and showerhead, as well as upgrading the dishwasher and clothes washer to efficient models.) Future very low-budget greening programs, in nearly all cases, should include a full-set of water fixture modifications, weatherstripping, and clotheslines. As budgets allow, other upgrades from alternative upgrades list are recommended, such as ceiling fans, programmable thermostats, and ceiling insulation. Whenever possible, workforce development labor should be used to simultaneously reduce labor costs and multiply the social benefit of each project dollar by providing entry-level green collar jobs.
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Vance, Jeffrey Michael. "Therapeutic Assessment as Preparation for Psychotherapy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538669/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examined the impact therapeutic assessment (TA) had on participants recruited from the UNT Psychology Clinic's waiting list. Using a pretest-posttest design, participants completed measures prior to and following their assessment. UNT Psychology Clinic archive data was used to compare this sample to clients who received traditional information gathering assessments with implicit measures, those receiving assessments relying on only self-report measures, and those who did not receive an assessment before beginning psychotherapy. The findings of this study vary based on the criteria being examined. Due to the small sample in the experimental group, no statistical significance was found through null hypothesis testing. However, the TA group's scores on the Outcome Questionnaire – 45 (OQ) and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI) indicated better outcomes than those without a TA, with large effect sizes. Furthermore, those who received a TA were more likely than those without a TA to score below the clinically significant cutoff levels on the OQ. The study raises issues for consideration in what is deemed "effective" in therapeutic efficacy research.
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Yount, William R. "A Monte Carlo Analysis of Experimentwise and Comparisonwise Type I Error Rate of Six Specified Multiple Comparison Procedures When Applied to Small k's and Equal and Unequal Sample Sizes." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332059/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The problem of this study was to determine the differences in experimentwise and comparisonwise Type I error rate among six multiple comparison procedures when applied to twenty-eight combinations of normally distributed data. These were the Least Significant Difference, the Fisher-protected Least Significant Difference, the Student Newman-Keuls Test, the Duncan Multiple Range Test, the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference, and the Scheffe Significant Difference. The Spjøtvoll-Stoline and Tukey—Kramer HSD modifications were used for unequal n conditions. A Monte Carlo simulation was used for twenty-eight combinations of k and n. The scores were normally distributed (µ=100; σ=10). Specified multiple comparison procedures were applied under two conditions: (a) all experiments and (b) experiments in which the F-ratio was significant (0.05). Error counts were maintained over 1000 repetitions. The FLSD held experimentwise Type I error rate to nominal alpha for the complete null hypothesis. The FLSD was more sensitive to sample mean differences than the HSD while protecting against experimentwise error. The unprotected LSD was the only procedure to yield comparisonwise Type I error rate at nominal alpha. The SNK and MRT error rates fell between the FLSD and HSD rates. The SSD error rate was the most conservative. Use of the harmonic mean of the two unequal sample n's (HSD-TK) yielded uniformly better results than use of the minimum n (HSD-SS). Bernhardson's formulas controlled the experimentwise Type I error rate of the LSD and MRT to nominal alpha, but pushed the HSD below the 0.95 confidence interval. Use of the unprotected HSD produced fewer significant departures from nominal alpha. The formulas had no effect on the SSD.
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Angelin, Flávio Antônio. "Barreiras na captação de recursos: um estudo a respeito das barreiras de investimento para o investidor em instituições financeiras de pequeno e médio portes." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2008. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/1278.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
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Previous issue date: 2008-05-20This paper s aim is to unearth the barriers raised by individual investors when facing the decision to invest their resources with small and medium sized banks. A thorough sampling amongst potential investors followed by an in depth analysis of the effective barriers which inhibit them when deciding to invest in the financial markets, was undertaken. To substantiate the results obtained, suppositions utilized by the potential investors, as arguments for theoretical barriers against investing with small and medium sized banks. The sampling data analysis shows that the first barrier is the non-acquaintance from the investors about small and medium sized banks, caused by the lack of information about these, contributing to the low credibility perception. Both the results obtained through the studies added to the suppositions voiced by the potential investors, can serve as help in formulating the aforementioned banks marketing studies and strategies, serving also to implement actions towards increasing their clientele by the elimination of said barriers. As a corollary more resources will be originated in order to generate a sustainable growth in their loan portfolios
Este trabalho objetiva investigar as barreiras encontradas pelos investidores, pessoas físicas, quando da decisão de aplicarem seus recursos em instituições financeiras de pequeno e médio portes. Foi realizada uma pesquisa de campo com potenciais investidores e para se obter um resultado mais fundamentado, partiu-se de alguns pressupostos teóricos observados com os investidores no mercado financeiro, como prováveis barreiras para investirem em instituições financeiras de pequeno e médio portes. Como vista na compilação dos dados da pesquisa, a barreira que apareceu em primeiro lugar foi a do desconhecimento que os investidores têm em relação às instituições financeiras de pequeno e médio portes, ocasionado pela falta de informações, o que contribui para a pouca credibilidade. Tanto os resultados como as proposições poderão fornecer a estas instituições subsídios para as análises mercadológicas e implementação de ações direcionadas a vencer estas barreiras, ampliando sua base de clientes, captando mais recursos e, conseqüentemente, propiciando um crescimento mais sustentável de suas carteiras de empréstimos
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Odabasi, Hayrettin. "Novel Metamaterial Blueprints and Elements for Electromagnetic Applications." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1366281874.
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Yamchuk, Andriy. "Sensitivity in MALDI MS with small spot sizes." 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23227.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In MALDI, for laser fluences below the saturation point the ion yield per shot follows a cubic dependence on the irradiated area, leading to a conclusion that smaller spots produce overall less ions and therefore are less viable. However, Qiao et al. showed that by decreasing the laser spot size it is possible to raise the saturation point, and thus increase the ion yield per unit area, also known as sensitivity. Here we explore laser spots below 10 micrometer diameter to determine whether they offer any practical advantage. We show that sensitivity is greater for a flat-top 3-4 micrometer spot than for a 10 micrometer spot. The sensitivity is greater for a Gaussian-like 3-5 micrometer spot than for flat-top 5-25 micrometer spots. We also report for the first time sensitivity versus theoretical fluence profile for a Gaussian-like beam focused to a spot of 3-5 micrometer.
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Liou, Dzen-Sor, and 劉增受. "Study of Small holes on Zerodur Triangular Measurement." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/s8hd3z.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
102
This study focuses on high aspect-ratio triangular small holes measurement on Zerodur material. In this paper, to measure the geometry of the high-aspct-ratio small holes, a long small spherical stylus tips was designed and attached onto the CMM’s probing head. However, the experimental results show that the undesirable contact will affect the measurement significantly by conventional triggering system of CMM (Renishaw PH-9A). In order to evaluate the quality of the small holes, in this study, the measuring optical scope was used to measure the triangular small holes with horizontal direction due to workpiece transparent property. Using measurement point data, the triangular small holes angle could be calculated easily by mathematic equation. However, the measurement uncertainty and accuracy by optical scope needs to be improved in the future.
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Chen, Hone-Li, and 陳宏立. "The effects of types and sizes of holes on the EMI/EMC of the industrial chassis." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/05330918141011157595.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大同大學
機械工程學系(所)
94
The study purpose of this article is research in those common industry chassis of network and communication at present, it cuts the size of radiation network hole in the industry chassis which has the best choice of the shape and the way of arrangement to the result of control in the EMI/EMC. Why I do this research is because of electromagnetic wave that becomes seriously injury problem to people’s body & health so much today, and people face this problem now already more and more. But, so far, in industry chassis market, there is not so many articles were issued on it. So, in the thesis, we use the standard laboratory and instruments of EMI/EMC to proceed the serial tests of Square & Circular holes with many sizes and permutation of the normally specs in the industry chassis market. From these models, we can to understand the simulate status in the frequencies of 300kHz∼1GHz and their true effects of the EMI/EMC. After a Series of experiment, we can know that the types and sizes of holes that the way of cover efficiency on circular holes is better than square holes! Thus, it interests me to study this subject, and also I would like to present some my personal idea to the people who is interesting the same project reference.
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Guan, Ming-hui, and 官明輝. "A study of sound detection method for leakage from small holes." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/93835357860890740046.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士朝陽科技大學
營建工程系碩士班
97
Water resources are very important on Earth, In order to saving water resources, people build reservoirs and use water pipe network to supply the need of the community. However, all countries of the world are facing the leakage problem because of deterioration or damage of pipes after a long period of use. To improve this problem, a “sound detection method” is established. This method is simple and quick to get leakage information. Some related references in our country and other countries are collected and analyzed. Several simulated models of leakage are set up in laboratory. A pickup is used to record the sound from Liquid Leakage Detector. Many figures of sound wave patterns from different models are set up for comparing. This method can confirm the leakage condition of pipeline, position of leakage, and quantity of leakage. Water pipes under ground and imbedded in building walls are also detected to realize the condition of leakage. Hence, the reliability of the sound detection method is verified. The waves of media that are related to material thickness and detector distance are different. The study found that in general leakage existed in concrete wall if loudness of sound was higher than -15dB. This method also can be applied to leakage detection for all hydraulic pressure pipes such as oil pipes.
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Olson, David Allen. "Ion implantation of small bore holes using plasma source ion implantation." 1990. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/23706596.html.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1990.Typescript. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 56-60).
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Chen, Ying-pei, and 陳英蓓. "The Life Journeys of Youth Heroes ─ Exemplified by Holes and Small Steps." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/uzg22d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺東大學
兒童文學研究所
102
Louis Sachar, an author of American children's literature, is known by his Wayside School series in Taiwan. As one of Sachar's young adult novels, Holes not only won the Newbery Medal in 1999 but also served as the basis of the film Holes produced in 2003. Small Steps, published in 2006, is the sequel to Holes. Both novels are stories about youth crimes. Louis Sachar depicted teenagers facing many challenges in their growth process with his humorous signature style. By analyzing the two novels and reflecting critically, this thesis hopes to offer, on the one hand, a rational and pragmatic understanding of and, on the other hand, right approaches to teenagers' problem behaviors. This thesis also hopes to aid readers and those who work with teenagers to gain insight into teenage psychology. This thesis study adopts mainly textual analysis and first discusses the characteristics of the author's writing as well as the theme topics presented in the two works: Holes and Small Steps. Also the thesis compares the personality traits of the main juvenile characters investigates the depicted juvenile problems, and explores the possible of youth crimes within the contexts of the two novels. Next, the thesis engages "reincarnation" perspective to understand the role and significance of causality in the three embedded stories in Holes and examines how such an understanding of causality can help both the characters and readers treat their interpersonal relationships. At last, the thesis employs the theory of "mythic structure" to trace the youth characters’ hero journeys, the re-formation of their self-identities, and resulting growths. From the study of the two works, this thesis reaches the following conclusions: first, we should not only pay attention to teenagers' external behaviors but also care about their life crises and life attitudes during their growth. Second, the best approach to juvenile delinquency should be "prevention is better than cure", hand in hand with a mindful resistance to stereotyping and labeling problematic youths. Last, youth is the stage during which teenagers can easily lose themselves to temptations, pitfalls, and serious harms/crimes. Yet, youth is not without invaluable lessons it can offer — teenagers have to go through the mill; otherwise they cannot be reborn or refashion their selves. This thesis expects that the two Sachar's works can inspire real-life teenagers to have a positive attitude toward their life journeys, celebrate youth, and continue to grow with fuller confidence and self-awareness.
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Cheng, Chung-chieh, and 鄭仲傑. "Investigation of grinding characteristics and surface chipping on glass small-holes machining." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/b33z6p.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北科技大學
製造科技研究所
97
This study uses the cutting tools of Polycrystalline diamond with high speed spindle to fabricate small holes on glass. The machining phenomenon and parameters such as machining time, surface chipping, and feeding rate of the spindle were investigated. The experimental results show that the enlargement of entrance and exit of small holes and surface chipping of glass will become larger with reducing rotation speed of the spindle. On the contrary, with increasing the rotation speed of spindle, the enlargement of entrance and exit of small holes and surface chipping of the glass will become smaller. In order to improve the surface roughness and reduce chippings of the small holes, a new type of elastic-cutting tools equipped spring inside was developed to fabricate small holes on glass. The elastic-cutting tool could absorb the machining force by the inside spring while the tool penetrates the holes. The experimental results show that high quality of small holes machining on glass can be achieved by using the elastic-cutting tool with optimal machining conditions.
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Coetzer, Abram Johannes. "Experimental study of the hydraulics of small circular holes in water pipes." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10210/361.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The aim of this investigation was to study the hydraulic behaviour of small circular openings in plastic water pipes. According to the theoretical orifice equation, the flow through an orifice is proportional to the square root of the pressure. However, a number of field studies have shown that this exponent can be considerably larger than 0.5, and typically varies between 0.5 and 2.79 with a median of 1.15 (Farley and Trow 2003). The implication is that water losses are substantially more sensitive to pressure than originally thought. Van Zyl and Clayton (2005) proposed four categories of factors that may be responsible for the observed behaviour: leak hydraulics, pipe material behaviour, soil hydraulics and water demand. The aim of this study was to investigate the hydraulics of small circular holes in water distribution systems to determine their behaviour under various conditions. Variables studied in this investigation include pipe material, leak size, surrounding media and pressure fluctuations. Boundary conditions need to be established to accurately simulate the conditions that a pipe in a water network experiences. The author designed and built the apparatus to provide these constant boundary conditions. The apparatus consists of six major components. These are the frame, casing, sample, pressure vessel, constant pressure regulators and measuring equipment. The frame provides structural stability to the apparatus during testing. The casing’s purpose is to house the material that surrounds the sample while being tested; it also creates the constant boundary conditions necessary for the experiments. 1mm and 2mm holes are drilled into the uPVC and HDPE pipes. This serves as the test samples. The pressure vessel is used to enable constant pressure with better pressure control. Constant pressure regulators help to provide the required conditions within the casing. The measuring equipment records that data from the experiments. The data is then processed into interpretable information. It was found that leaks discharging into air show good correlation with the theory, but differ significantly from the behaviour of leaks discharging into water or glass beads. Other findings of the study include that pressure fluctuations do not have a significant effect on the leak behaviour, the classification of the opening (as an orifice, tube or pipe) is important and that a discontinuity in the pressure leakage relationship occurs in holes classified as tubes. It is suspected that the discontinuity is caused by separation of the fluid stream from the tube wall, effectively changing it into an orifice.Prof. J.E. Van Zyl Prof. C.R.I. Clayton
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Frömke, Cornelia [Verfasser]. "Relevance-shifted tests for high dimensional data with small sample sizes / von Cornelia Frömke." 2006. http://d-nb.info/981484425/34.
Повний текст джерела
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Chaudhari, Shivangi. "Accelerating Hadoop Map-Reduce for small/intermediate data sizes using the Comet coordination framework." 2009. http://hdl.rutgers.edu/1782.2/rucore10001600001.ETD.000051790.
Повний текст джерела
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Kao, Chuan-hung, and 高銓鴻. "The Applications of Structural Holes and Small Worlds Theory to Supply Chain Information Flow Analysis." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52368638207378764426.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中正大學
資訊管理學系
93
One of the major causes of inefficiency in a supply chain is information asymmetry. A member in the supply chain holds important information without sharing it with its upstream and downstream counterparts will cause the bullwhip effect problem. From the network perspective, two unconnected groups form a structural hole which blocks information exchanges between them. A supply chain member holding the important position—the structural hole—can deter others from exchanging the information they need to reduce the overall efficiency of the supply chain. This research studies Honda supply chain from a social network perspective. We first examine the extent of structural holes of the chain members and then apply small worlds theory to alleviate structural holes effects. The outcomes of the study are as follows. 1.Honda supply chain has many structural holes in the network structure because the supply chain members do not have many connections with each other. 2.Honda supply chain does not form a small world because of the low small worlds quotient. 3.A heuristic based on bridge-building and six degrees of separation concepts is proposed to effectively solve the structural holes problem of Honda supply chain.
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Cheng, An-Wen, and 鄭安雯. "A Study Of The Relation Of Job Characteristics, Burnout And Self-perceived Health Among Caregivers Working In Small And Medium-sized Nursing Homes." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/74283355979347585177.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國防醫學院
公共衛生學研究所
100
Background: Nursing home is the part of an institution of disabled elderly care. Facing the requirement of residents and their families, workplace, welfare and improving professional skills bring about the caregivers a lot of stress, and then effect the healthcare quality and health of residents. The way to elevate the care quality is to treat well of the job stress of caregivers in nursing home. Objective: The purpose of this study is to find out the distribution of basic characteristics, working burnout, job characteristics and self-perceived health, also investigate the related factors of caregivers’ self-perceived health. Methods: We used a structured questionnaire as the study tool. Working burnout status was using from the Chinese version of “Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI) and Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire”. Job stress was using from the Chinese version of “Job Content Questionnaire”, which was developed from the Demand-Control-Support model. Self-perceived health was using from the “Short Form-36 scale” to explore the physical and mental health of caregivers. Staff in nursing homes below 99 beds in Taiwan were the targets of this study, and the total number of nursing homes was 365. According to the proportion of the number of each regional nursing home to the total number of nursing home, we used stratified sampling to choose 550 staff. The total number of mail questionnaire was 680, and 494 completed the survey. The target caregivers of the study are registered nurses and nursing aids. Results: Caregivers categorized as high strain workers are the most (35.3%). The average score of personal burnout is 45.62±20.56, work-related burnout is 41.28±20.49, client-related burnout is 33.04±17.99, and over-commitment to work is 43.53±18.27. The average score of physical component is 49.10±9.56, and mental component is 42.08±11.61. We used multiple regression analyses by controlling for demographic, facilities, work burnout and job characteristics variables. In the “ physical component “, self-perceived health of the elder staff is significantly worse than younger’. Self-perceived health of the nursing aids is worse than registered nurses’. Self-perceived health of the caregivers whose job with high strain is significantly better than those is passive. Self-perceived health of care providers with higher personal burnout and work-related burnout is significantly worse (R2= 43%). In the “ mental component “, self-perceived health of the care providers who married is significantly better than that of unmarried. Self-perceived health of caregivers with higher personal burnout and work-related burnout is significantly worse (R2= 53%). Conclusion: This study identified the related factors of caregivers’ physical and mental health, and can be used as reference for health promotion strategies to caregivers in nursing home in order to improve the quality of long-term care facilities.
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Lin, I.-Sheng, and 林義勝. "Further Investigation on Null and Interior Field Methods for Laplace’s Equation with Very Small Circular Holes." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38120173771871553292.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立中山大學
應用數學系研究所
99
The error analysis is made for the simple annular domain with the circular boundaries having the same origin. The error bounds are derived, and the optimal convergence rates can be archived. For circular domains with circular boundaries, the same convergence rates can be achieved by strict proof. Moreover, the NFM algorithms and its conservative schemes can be applied to very small holes, which are difficult for other numerical methods to handle. Both the NFM and the collocation Trefftz method(CTM) are used for very small circular holes, the CTM is superior to the NFM in accuracy and stability.
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Ke, Wei-Hong, and 柯韋宏. "Synthesis of small Cu2O nanocubes and octahedra in aqueous solution with tunable sizes and their facet-dependent optical properties." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20016792018983875713.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立清華大學
化學系
103
Here we report two surfactant-free methods for synthesis of small Cu2O octahedra and nanocubes with a large range of size tenability in just 10 min. Cu2O octahedra with corner-to-opposite corner distance varying from 52 nm to 157 nm have been obtained by simply mixing aqueous Cu(NO3)2 solution, N2H4 solution, and different volumes of NaOH solution. Cu2O nanocubes with edge lengths from 9 nm to 87 nm can be synthesized by mixing aqueous CuSO4 solution, different volumes of NaOH solution, and ascorbic acid solution at 35 ºC. The particle size can be controlled systematically. This represents the highest level of size and shape control for ultrasmall Cu2O nanocrystals which have been difficult to make. By comparing cubes and octahedra with similar sizes in terms of particle volume for their optical absorption spectra, nanocubes are consistently more red-shifted than octahedra by approximately 15 nm, proving convincingly that Cu2O nanocrystals possess facet-dependent properties, and that cubes bound by the {100} facets have a more red-shifted absorption band similar to observations made in Au‒Cu2O and Pd‒Cu2O nanocrystals.
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Hsu, Ming-Chung, and 徐銘鍾. "High Speed Vision Inspection for Small Holes on Substrates with Resolution Enhanced by X-Y Table High Precision Stepping." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60408423426366499524.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立高雄第一科技大學
系統與控制工程研究所
95
Due to technology advancement these years and high performance and reliability characteristics, computer vision system has gradually replaced people for doing most of the inspection and measurement jobs, especially for inspecting those objects with tiny features. It has also long been a trend that most electronic components always keep getting smaller and smaller. The patterns or features on the printed circuit boards (PCB), or filp chip substrates, have become too small to be inspected by naked eyes. Computer vision system with microscope and high resolution CCD has often become necessary to deliver high enough accuracy and detectability, which means high cost in equipment. For on-line inspection, however, high speed is another requirement or challenge for a vision inspection system. Unfortunately, high accuracy or high resolution usually implies high cost and low speed in vision system via traditional approach. In this research, a nontraditional approach was proposed to obtain high accuracy and detectability with relatively low vision resolution via x-y table high precision stepping. Typically, x-y tables have resolution as high as 1µm , and microscoped vision systems have resolution around 5~10µm. Through x-y table precise stepping, it is possible to enhance the resolution of vision system by 2-5 times or even higher. A general algorithm for converting images of low resolution into an -times high resolution image was designed .Another algorithm which utilitze only images of low resolution to get the same -times high resolution image was ilustrated as well. Both algorithms have been successfully implemented and good results have been demonstrated. It can be concluded that utilizing only images of low resolution can obtain an -times high resolution image almost as good as that cenverted from images, which meens much faster speed can be obtained. Although the algorithms can be applied to many different features, here only the measurement of small holes was illustrated for simplicity. Meanwhile, different methods for determining the diameter and center location of a hole have also been demonstrated with comparison in speed and accuracy in this research.
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Brune, Kelly Diane. "An evaluation of item difficulty and person ability estimation using the multilevel measurement model with short tests and small sample sizes." Thesis, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/ETD-UT-2011-05-2999.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Recently, researchers have reformulated Item Response Theory (IRT) models into multilevel models to evaluate clustered data appropriately. Using a multilevel model to obtain item difficulty and person ability parameter estimates that correspond directly with IRT models’ parameters is often referred to as multilevel measurement modeling. Unlike conventional IRT models, multilevel measurement models (MMM) can handle, the addition of predictor variables, appropriate modeling of clustered data, and can be estimated using non-specialized computer software, including SAS. For example, a three-level model can model the repeated measures (level one) of individuals (level two) who are clustered within schools (level three).
Limitations in terms of the minimum sample size and number of test items that permit reasonable one-parameter logistic (1-PL) IRT model’s parameters have not been examined for either the two- or three-level MMM. Researchers (Wright and Stone, 1979; Lord, 1983; Hambleton and Cook, 1983) have found that sample sizes under 200 and fewer than 20 items per test result in poor model fit and poor parameter recovery for dichotomous 1-PL IRT models with data that meet model assumptions.
This simulation study tested the performance of the two-level and three-level MMM under various conditions that included three sample sizes (100, 200, and 400), three test lengths (5, 10, and 20), three level-3 cluster sizes (10, 20, and 50), and two generated intraclass correlations (.05 and .15).
The study demonstrated that use of the two- and three-level MMMs lead to somewhat divergent results for item difficulty and person-level ability estimates. The mean relative item difficulty bias was lower for the three-level model than the two-level model. The opposite was true for the person-level ability estimates, with a smaller mean relative parameter bias for the two-level model than the three-level model. There was no difference between the two- and three-level MMMs in the school-level ability estimates. Modeling clustered data appropriately; having a minimum total sample size of 100 to accurately estimate level-2 residuals and a minimum total sample size of 400 to accurately estimate level-3 residuals; and having at least 20 items will help ensure valid statistical test results.text
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Cheng, Chang Chao, and 張兆晟. "Evaluation of multiple criteria strategy: middle and small sizes of panel technology of LCD in order to elect the best panel technology." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/57598242888577602795.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
97
In the recent years, LCD development grows fast most in the Optoelectronics Industry. LCD applies to various articles that for daily use and it is a trend of monitors in Twenty-one century. The panel technology of our country occupies an important position in this competitive world. Under the influence of economic depression, how to select the panel technology of monitor is extreme significant for maintaining the position of capacity and worldwide competition. This research probes five middle and small sizes of panel technology in order to elect the best panel technology. By adopting professional interviews and questionnaires, the most effective strategy schemes of advantages and criterias of panel technologies are discovered. The criterion of assessment includes Quality and Quantity. The Quality is vague and ambiguous wording that uses indefinite theories to transfer values from Zero to One. The research is going to expose the relationships among each criterion by taking Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP), combining four aspects that are Benefits (B), Opportunities (O), Costs (C) and Risks (R) and employing Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). By utilizing these methods, quadratic convergence is achieved and a strategy question of multiple criteria is analyzed. In addition to it, FANP-BOCR and FANP-ISM are compared. The proposed mechanisms are appropriate to apply to any kind of industry. Moreover, they assist corporations to estimate strategy problems.
35
Chen, Ming-yu, and 陳明玉. "Exploring the Theme of Adolescent Identity through Task-Based Instruction in Taiwan EFL Setting: A Case Study on Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye and Sachar's holes and Small steps." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23778145016927572813.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立彰化師範大學
英語學系
98
This thesis proposes to teach the theme of adolescent identity in Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye and Sachar’s Holes and Small Steps through literature-based, task-based instruction which especially targets speaking activities in Taiwan EFL context. It first focuses on the characteristics, importance, as well as appropriateness of young adult literature in a literature-based classroom. Next, it introduces theoretical backgrounds and pedagogical application of literature-based instruction and task-based instruction in a language-learning environment. In terms of literature-based instruction, it aims to engage learners in the proper use of literary materials in the classrooms and attempts to engage learners in active reading of literature through which learners can acquire language competence, critical thinking skills and further advance to become lifelong readers as well. In terms of task-based instruction (TBI) the goal is to immerse learners in a meaningful, communicative and contextualized learning environment which is learner-centered and whose ultimate goal is to achieve real-world communicative competence. This thesis then outlines a set of activities in the language classroom which are sequenced to investigate the issues of adolescent identity which each protagonist encounters. The theme of identity has always been decisive for young learners who are on the cusp of major life developments. In these three stories, learners are expected to identify “turning points” and other relevant issues influential to protagonists’ identity development. Learners can thus advance to greater self awareness and personal growth. Communicative activities centering on the theme of adolescent identity aim to help learners not only achieve language competence but also evoke personal responses in a contextualized language-learning environment. The ultimate goal of this model of learning is that students can become proficient learners, passionate lovers of literature, and better critical thinkers.
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Hansen, Marla Catarina Helena. "The effect of fund size on private equity buyout fund performance analysis of historical data of primarily European and North American private equity buyout funds for vintages 1995 to 2015, retrieved from pitchbook disclosure of a self-conducted survey on the assessment of market beliefs about different fund sizes." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/111547.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Historical analyses surrounding the size effect on private equity buyout fund performance have arrived at controversial conclusions in regard to both the certainty of significance and, given significance, the outperformance of one size group over another. The paper uses performance data of 1,914buyout funds spanning vintages 1995 to 2015, retrieved from Pitchbook, and summarizes a survey on investors’ beliefs, conducted in Autumn 2019.No significance for fund size in absolute dollar terms can be found. However, when size is classified in to quartiles and groups, ‘Small’ performs the best. This is robust for IRRs. Finally, investors tend to invest into smaller funds when the time horizon is longer, however, do not generally favor one specific size group.