Статті в журналах: "HIV-positive persons Dental care"

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Pereyra, Margaret, Lisa R. Metsch, Scott Tomar, Eduardo Valverde, Yves Jeanty, Shari Messinger, and Henry Boza. "Utilization of dental care services among low-income HIV-positive persons receiving primary care in South Florida." AIDS Care 23, no. 1 (January 2011): 98–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.498861.

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Porter, S., and C. Scully. "Attitudes of dental health care workers to HIV infected persons." British Dental Journal 180, no. 9 (May 1996): 326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.4809076.

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3

Mofidi, Mahyar, and Alan Gambrell. "Community-Based Dental Partnerships: Improving Access to Dental Care for Persons Living with HIV/AIDS." Journal of Dental Education 73, no. 11 (November 2009): 1247–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.0022-0337.2009.73.11.tb04815.x.

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4

Scheer, Susan, Alison J. Hughes, Judith Tejero, Mark A. Damesyn, Karen E. Mark, Tyler M. Arguello, and Amy R. Wohl. "Regional Differences Among HIV Patients in Care: California Medical Monitoring Project Sites, 2007-2008." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010188.

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Introduction: The Medical Monitoring Project (MMP) is a national, multi-site population-based supplemental HIV/AIDS surveillance project of persons receiving HIV/AIDS care. We compared California MMP data by region. Demographic characteristics, medical care experiences, HIV treatment, clinical care outcomes, and need for support services are described. Methods: HIV-infected patients 18 years or older were randomly selected from medical care facilities. In person structured interviews from 2007 - 2008 were used to assess sociodemographic characteristics, self-reported clinical outcomes, and need for supportive services. Pearson chi-squared, Fisher’s exact and Kruskal-Wallis p-values were calculated to compare regional differences. Results: Between 2007 and 2008, 899 people were interviewed: 329 (37%) in San Francisco (SF), 333 (37%) in Los Angeles (LA) and 237 (26%) in other California counties. Significant regional sociodemographic differences were found. Care received and clinical outcomes for patients in MMP were positive and few regional differences were identified. HIV case management (36%), mental health counseling (35%), and dental services (29%) were the supportive services patients most frequently needed. Unmet needs for supportive services were low overall. Significant differences by region in needed and unmet need services were identified. Discussion: The majority of MMP respondents reported standard of care CD4 and viral load monitoring, high treatment use, undetectable HIV viral loads and CD4 counts indicative of good immune function and treatment efficacy. Information from MMP can be used by planning councils, policymakers, and HIV care providers to improve access to care and prevention. Identifying regional differences can facilitate sharing of best practices among health jurisdictions.

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Jessani, Abbas, Jolanta Aleksejuniene, Leeann Donnelly, J. Craig Phillips, Belinda Nicolau, and Mario Brondani. "Dental care utilization: patterns and predictors in persons living with HIV in British Columbia, Canada." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 79, no. 2 (January 9, 2019): 124–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jphd.12304.

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Umadevi, K. R., E. Blignaut, M. Glick, E. Nasir, V. Yengopal, F. Younai, and P. G. Robinson. "Social Aspects of HIV and Their Relationship to Craniofacial Problems." Advances in Dental Research 23, no. 1 (March 25, 2011): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034511400223.

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The oral research community needs an understanding of the social causes, consequences, and costs of disease in relation to oral health. This workshop concluded that HIV infection constitutes a special dental need requiring specific arrangements to facilitate oral care for infected persons. Oral manifestations of HIV infection affect everyday life, but more evidence is needed on the effects of interventions to alleviate these impacts. Other oral health habits add to the burden of HIV/AIDS-associated oral diseases and compete with them for resources. These problems are most acute where the prevalence of HIV is high and resources are scarce. Effective health promotion is therefore important in these areas. Without data on the utility of oral health care in developing countries, practical approaches are guided by societal and multidisciplinary principles. There are also important ethical considerations

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Heslin, Kevin C., William E. Cunningham, Marvin Marcus, Ian Coulter, James Freed, Claudia Der-Martirosian, Samuel A. Bozzette, Martin F. Shapiro, Sally C. Morton, and Ronald M. Andersen. "A Comparison of Unmet Needs for Dental and Medical Care Among Persons with HIV Infection Receiving Care in the United States." Journal of Public Health Dentistry 61, no. 1 (March 2001): 14–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-7325.2001.tb03350.x.

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Ogunbodede, E. O., M. O. Folayan, and M. A. Adedigba. "Oral health-care workers and HIV infection control practices in Nigeria." Tropical Doctor 35, no. 3 (July 1, 2005): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0049475054620707.

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The first case of HIV infection was reported in Nigeria in1986. Since then, the prevalence has risen from less than 0.1% in 1987 to 5.8% in 2002, and an estimated 3.6 million Nigerians now live with HIV/AIDS. More than 40 oral manifestations of HIV infection have been recorded and between 70% and 90% of persons with HIV infection will have at least one oral manifestation at sometime during the course of their disease. Oral health-care workers (OHCWS) are expected to play active roles in the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS. In this study, a one-day workshop was organized for 64 oral health workers in Ile-Ife, Nigeria, focusing on the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS, the oral manifestations, control and prevention of HIV in a dental environment, oral care of the infected patient and the ethical, legal and social aspects of HIV/AIDS. Participants' knowledge and practices of infection control were assessed with an infection control checklist administered pre- and post-workshop. Sixty (90.8%) respondents believed that HIV/AIDS was not yet a problem in Nigeria, and 58 (90.6%) believed that drugs have been developed which can cure HIV infection and AIDS. The men complied more with waste disposal regulations than women ( P=0.010). Twenty-nine of 58 (50.0%) did not discard gloves which were torn, cut or punctured. Seven (12.1%) did not change gloves between patients' treatment. Conscious efforts should be made to train OHCWS on all aspects of HIV/AIDS prevention and care. It must never be assumed that adequate information will be acquired through tangential sources.

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Schlenz, Maximiliane Amelie, Alexander Schmidt, Bernd Wöstmann, Andreas May, Hans-Peter Howaldt, Dennis Albert, Doreen Ziedorn, Norbert Krämer, and Nelly Schulz-Weidner. "Perspectives from Dentists, Dental Assistants, Students, and Patients on Dental Care Adapted to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 8 (April 9, 2021): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083940.

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Dental care has been affected by SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) worldwide. In contrast to other dental clinics, the Justus-Liebig-University Giessen (Germany) decided not to limit dental treatment to emergencies alone, but to continue dental care for all patients, with increased safety measures. As such, health care professionals may be exposed to additional physical and mental stress. The aim of this study was to assess the perspectives of all persons involved in dental care (dentists, dental assistants, students, and patients) regarding the aspects of safety measures, anxiety about self-infection and infecting others, and other prospects in the period March to December 2020 using a questionnaire. Data collection was performed between 14 December 2020 and 23 January 2021. A total of 35 dentists (response rate of 79.5%), 23 dental assistants (65.7%), 84 students (80%), and 51 patients (21.8%) completed the survey. The patients did not notice any changes in the care received. Dentists and dental assistants reported a higher workload due to additional safety measures. The majority of dentists, students, and patients agreed that normal patient care was maintained. One-third of dental assistants would have preferred emergency treatment alone and expressed significantly higher anxiety about COVID-19 infection than all other groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, all groups showed a predominantly positive perspective on dental care, and anxiety about self-infection and infecting others was especially low. However, additional measures are time-consuming and compound daily patient care. This concept, based on well-established infection control, might be a viable proposal for current and future pandemics.

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Lawal, Folake B., and Abimbola M. Oladayo. "Sources and Factors Related to Oral Health-Care Information Among Dental Patients of a Teaching Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria." International Quarterly of Community Health Education 40, no. 1 (March 4, 2019): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0272684x19833847.

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Background The World Health Organization has described oral diseases as a global health problem in developing countries and this is mainly attributed to low level of oral health awareness. It, therefore, becomes imperative to investigate how people are informed about oral health care. Aim To determine the sources of oral health-care information and predictors of oral health awareness among individuals seeking dental care at a major tertiary health institution in sub-Saharan Africa. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted among patients aged 16 years and older attending the dental outpatients of a major teaching hospital using structured questionnaires. Data obtained were analyzed with SPSS version 23. Results A total of 292 patients with a mean age of 38.4 ( SD = 16.3) years participated in the study of which 188 (64.4%) had been educated about oral health prior to the dental consultation. The major source of oral health-care information was dental clinics for 174 (92.6%) participants. The educators or resource persons were mainly dentists 105 (55.9%) and nurses or therapists 67 (35.6%). Females were more likely to have received oral health-care information (odds ratio [ OR] = 1.8, CI [1.1, 3.0], p = .021). Those with previous dental visits were also more likely to have received information about oral health care ( OR = 2.6, CI [1.6, 4.2], p < .001). Conclusion Dental clinics and dentists were the major sources of oral health-care information; being female and previous dental visits were significant positive predictors of being a recipient of oral health-care information. Dental public health education through mass and social media should be made a priority to improve access to oral health-care information.

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Whyte IV, James, Maria D. Whyte, and Sabrina Dickey. "A study of HIV positive undocumented African migrants’ access to health services in the UK." Journal of Nursing Education and Practice 9, no. 1 (September 25, 2018): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v9n1p122.

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Newly immigrated persons, whatever their origin, tend to fall in the lower socioeconomic levels. In fact, failure of an asylum application renders one destitute in a large proportion of cases, often resulting in a profound lack of access to basic necessities. With over a third of HIV positive failed asylum seekers reporting no income, and the remainder reporting highly limited resources, poverty is a reality for the vast majority. The purpose of the study was to determine the basic social processes that guide HIV positive undocumented migrant’s efforts to gain health services in the UK. The study used the Grounded Theory Approach. Theoretical saturation occurred after 16 participants were included in the study. The data included reflections of the prominent factors related to the establishment of a safe and productive life and the ability of individuals to remain within the UK. The data reflected heavily upon the ability of migrants to enter the medical care system during their asylum period, and on an emerging pattern of service denial after loss on immigration appeal, which often resulted in a discontinuation of medical therapies. This inevitably was associated with a pattern of decline and inability to fundamental needs. The findings of this study are notable in that they have demonstrated sequence of events along a timeline related to the interaction between the asylum process and access to health related services. The results reflect that African migrants maintain a degree of formal access to health services during the period that they possess legal access to services and informal access after the failure of their asylum claim.

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Fonseca, Emílio Prado da, Suelen Garcia Oliveira da Fonseca, and Marcelo de Castro Meneghim. "Factors associated with the use of dental care by elderly residents of the state of São Paulo, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia 20, no. 6 (December 2017): 785–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1981-22562017020.170095.

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Abstract Objective: To investigate factors associated with the use of dental care services. Methods: A cross-sectional study with a representative sample of elderly individuals aged 65 years or older residing in the state of São Paulo in 2015 was performed. Hierarchical multivariate logistic regression analysis was used based on the theoretical model of access determination proposed by Andersen (1995) to predict dental care visits. Results: The prevalence of public service use by the elderly was 1.981 (37.8%), while 3.253 (62.2%) used the private service/ health plan/ other type of service. Hierarchical multiple analysis (p≤0.05) identified that less schooling or never having studied, non-white, lower income and motivated by pain/extraction were associated with the use of public dental services. The study showed a reduced use of public dental care among elderly persons who required some type of upper dentures (except complete dentures), need for some type of lower dentures (including complete dentures) and demonstrated a positive self-perception of oral health condition. Conclusions: A higher prevalence of the use of private dental care/health plan/other type of service was identified. Less schooling or never having studied, non-white skin color, lower income and seeking the dentist with pain or to extract teeth were factors associated with the use of public dental services by the elderly.

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Atchison, K. A., P. L. Davidson, and T. T. Nakazono. "Predisposing, Enabling, and Need for Dental Treatment Characteristics of ICS-II USA Ethnically Diverse Groups." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 2 (May 1997): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110020501.

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Personal characteristics (predisposing, enabling, and need) are described for the population-based samples of adults interviewed in the International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II) USA research locations. Differences in sample characteristics are compared by ethnic group (African-American, Native American, Hispanic, and White) and age cohort (35-44 and 65-74 years old) by means of Bonferroni multiple-means tests and Student's t tests. Differences in the personal characteristics of these diverse comparison groups abound. Bivariate results indicated that White adults from both age cohorts had higher socio-economic levels, more positive self-rated health status, and greater proportions of individuals with dental benefits. Lakota adults from both age cohorts reported lower self-rated health status and were most likely to report total tooth loss. Hispanic persons were significantly less likely to report a usual source of dental care or dental benefits. Need for dental treatment (oral pain and oral symptoms index) was generally higher among Native American and Hispanic groups. It is critical that the differences highlighted between and among these groups be studied if appropriate strategies for improving the oral health of USA adults are to be determined.

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Davidson, P. L., T. E. Rams, and R. M. Andfrsen. "Socio-Behavioral Determinants of Oral Hygiene Practices Among USA Ethnic and Age Groups." Advances in Dental Research 11, no. 2 (May 1997): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/08959374970110020701.

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In this study, socio-behavioral determinants of oral hygiene practices were examined across several dentate ethnic and age groups. Oral hygiene scale scores were constructed from toothbrushing and dental floss frequencies self-reported by population-based samples of middle-aged (35-44 years) and older (65-74 years) dentate adults representing Baltimore African-American and White, San Antonio Hispanic and non-Hispanic White, and Navajo and Lakota Native American persons participating in the WHO International Collaborative Study of Oral Health Outcomes (ICS-II) survey. Female gender, education, certain oral health beliefs, household income, and the presence of a usual source of care were revealed with multivariate analysis to show a significant positive relationship with higher oral hygiene scale scores (indicating better personal oral hygiene practices). Other socio-behavioral variables exhibited a more varied, ethnic-specific pattern of association with oral hygiene scale scores.

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Kaplan, Caryn R., and Zari B. Kolodny. "Nutritional Care for HIV-Positive Persons." TOPICS IN CLINICAL NUTRITION 11, no. 3 (July 1996): 86–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00008486-199606000-00012.

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Salam, Abdul, Bilqis Aslam Baloch, Naseer Khan, Ghulam Sarwar, and Masoom ,. "SEROPREVALENCE OF HBsAg (HBS) AND ANTI-HCV." Professional Medical Journal 21, no. 04 (December 7, 2018): 766–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2014.21.04.2424.

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Background: Hepatitis is the inflammation of liver caused by infectious and noninfectiousagents. Hepatitis B and C are inflammations of liver caused by the viruses which are themajor public health problems worldwide and the incidence is even more in our country.Objective: Objective of the study was, 1). To estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitisC viruses infected persons among the general population coming to BMC Hospital. 2). To pointout the more affected area of Baluchistan. 3). To produce awareness in the people. 4). To bringthis issue in Government notice. Method: The data was obtained from the patients of BMCHQuetta in which one step test kits were used first and the positive cases were confirmed by ELISA.Results: Out of 46319 samples tested (both indoor & outdoor patients), 3078 (6.64%) werepositive. From overall positive samples 1631(3.52%) were HBs positive and 1447(3.12) sampleswere positive for HCV and 2 patients were positive for both HBs Ag and anti HCV. Conclusions:Prevalence of Hepatitis B is more comparing to Hepatitis C in this province. Prevalence of bothHepatitis B and Hepatitis C was high in Naseerabad district of Baluchistan Great care should beexercised during shaving, dental treatment, surgical procedures and blood transfusions. Policymessage: - Media should be used by National Hepatitis Control Programme of Pakistan toeducate the public about hazards of unscreened blood transfusion. Blood screening for HepatitisB and C infections should be made mandatory at all blood banks.

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Barr, Charles E., Ana Rua-Dobles, and Nilda Puig. "Dental care for HIV-positive patients." Special Care in Dentistry 9, no. 6 (November 1989): 191–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1754-4505.1989.tb01186.x.

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Gerbert, Barbara, John Sumser, Katherine Chamberlin, Bryan T. Maguire, Ruth M. Greenblatt, and Jim R. McMaster. "Dental care experience of HIV-positive patients." Journal of the American Dental Association 119, no. 5 (November 1989): 601–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-8177(89)95011-3.

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Duka, Milos, Branko Mihailovic, Milan Miladinovic, Aleksandar Jankovic, and Biljana Vujicic. "Evaluation of telemedicine systems for impacted third molars diagnosis." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 12 (2009): 985–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0912985d.

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Background/Aim. In the last twenty years significant advances have been made in the fields of information and telecommunication technology in health care applications, with a positive impact on the health care practice. The need for remote diagnosis and planning of interventions is of special importance in military health care, and health management of immobile persons, and those with special needs. In cases such as these, availability of specialist health care is mainly limited by geographic and financial factors. The aim of this study was to investigate practical usability of telemedicine approaches in everyday management of oral surgery patients in terms of reliability of established diagnosis and indications for oral surgery treatment of the third molars. Methods. Our experimental randomized study enrolled 432 randomly selected patients of both genders, aged 20 to 87 years, undergoing panoramic radiography for some reason in the Centre for Dental Radiography in Belgrade. In addition to radiography, photographs of the face and mouth cavity were taken. These images were uploaded to the web server specially dedicated to the study purposes, and then transmitted to teledentists, i.e. oral surgeons, who made remote diagnoses. Diagnostic agreement was determined by way of the Cohen's kappa coefficient, and diagnostic sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and effectiveness (EFF) were also established. Statistical significance was determined and comparisons performed by using the z-test, and testing of non-parametric characteristics by using the McNemar's ?2 test for p = 0.05 significance cut-off. Results. The results obtained by analyzed images and diagnostic assessment of the clinical diagnosis (kappa = 0.99, SE = 99%, SP = 99%, EFF = 99%, for 95% CI) indicate an almost complete diagnostic agreement. The differences in diagnosis were not statistically significant. Conclusion. Diagnostic assessment of the clinical diagnosis of impacted or semi-impacted third molars assisted by the telemedicine approach was equal to the real-time assessment of clinical diagnosis. Telemedicine, and teledentistry as its branch, represent the present and even more the future of this field of health care.

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Huber, M., B. Ledergerber, R. Sauter, J. Young, J. Fehr, A. Cusini, M. Battegay, et al. "Outcome of smoking cessation counselling of HIV-positive persons by HIV care physicians." HIV Medicine 13, no. 7 (January 18, 2012): 387–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1293.2011.00984.x.

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Wang, Guoshen, Yi Pan, Puja Seth, Ruiguang Song, and Lisa Belcher. "Estimation of the Percentage of Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Persons Linked to HIV Medical Care in CDC-Funded HIV Testing Programs." Evaluation & the Health Professions 41, no. 4 (August 23, 2017): 474–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163278717725372.

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Missing data create challenges for determining progress made in linking HIV-positive persons to HIV medical care. Statistical methods are not used to address missing program data on linkage. In 2014, 61 health department jurisdictions were funded by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and submitted data on HIV testing, newly diagnosed HIV-positive persons, and linkage to HIV medical care. Missing or unusable data existed in our data set. A new approach using multiple imputation to address missing linkage data was proposed, and results were compared to the current approach that uses data with complete information. There were 12,472 newly diagnosed HIV-positive persons from CDC-funded HIV testing events in 2014. Using multiple imputation, 94.1% (95% confidence interval (CI): [93.7%, 94.6%]) of newly diagnosed persons were referred to HIV medical care, 88.6% (95% CI: [88.0%, 89.1%]) were linked to care within any time frame, and 83.6% (95% CI: [83.0%, 84.3%]) were linked to care within 90 days. Multiple imputation is recommended for addressing missing linkage data in future analyses when the missing percentage is high. The use of multiple imputation for missing values can result in a better understanding of how programs are performing on key HIV testing and HIV service delivery indicators.

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Jeanty, Yves, Gabriel Cardenas, Jane E. Fox, Margaret Pereyra, Chanelle Diaz, Helene Bednarsh, David A. Reznik, Stephen N. Abel, Sara S. Bachman, and Lisa R. Metsch. "Correlates of Unmet Dental Care Need among HIV-Positive People." Public Health Reports 127, no. 2_suppl (May 2012): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00333549121270s204.

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Sabin, Caroline A., Alison Howarth, Sophie Jose, Teresa Hill, Vanessa Apea, Steve Morris, and Fiona Burns. "Association between engagement in-care and mortality in HIV-positive persons." AIDS 31, no. 5 (March 2017): 653–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/qad.0000000000001373.

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Palm, Andreas, Krister Ågren, Ludger Grote, Mirjam Ljunggren, Bengt Midgren, Josefin Sundh, J. Theorell-Haglöw, and Magnus Ekström. "Course of DISease In patients reported to the Swedish CPAP Oxygen and VEntilator RegistrY (DISCOVERY) with population-based controls." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e040396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-040396.

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PurposeChronic hypoxic and hypercapnic respiratory failure and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) are chronic diseases associated with decreased quality of life and increased mortality. The rationale behind the set up the retrospective nationwide DISCOVERY cohort was to study several questions including disease course and risk factors for incident disease, impaired quality of life, hospitalisation risk and mortality in patients with chronic respiratory failure with long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT), long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) on treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP).Participants and settingsData from the national quality registry for respiratory insufficiency and sleep apnoea (Swedevox) and a population-based control group from Statistics Sweden were merged with governmental registries, the Swedish Cancer Registry, the Swedish Cause of Death Registry, the Swedish Drug registry, the Swedish National Patient Registry and the Swedish Dental Health Registry and with national quality registries for diabetes, rheumatic diseases (Swedish Rheumatology Quality Registry), stroke (RiksStroke), heart failure (RiksSvikt), acute heart infarction care (SwedeHeart) and intensive care (SIR) and with socioeconomic data from Statistics Sweden (SCB).Findings to dateThe cohort comprises 25 804 unique patients with LTOT since 1987 (54.1% females, age 73.3±9.8 years, body mass index (BMI) 26.6±6.5 kg/m2), 8111 with LTMV since 1996 (48.6% women, age 60.6±16.9 years, BMI 32.9±10.8 kg/m2), 65 809 with OSA on CPAP since 2010 (29.5% women, age 57.2±12.5 years, BMI 31.9±6.2 kg/m2) and 145 224 persons in a population-based control group from same time span up to March 2018 (51.7% women, age 49.9±20.4 year, BMI 24.9±4.0 years).Future plansIn patients with chronic respiratory failure and sleep apnoea important questions regarding comorbidity burden, hospitalisation rate, mortality and treatment outcomes are still unexplored to a large extent. The DISCOVERY cohort will provide unique opportunities by its size and comprehensiveness to fill this clinically relevant gap of knowledge.

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Tymejczyk, Olga, Kelly Jamison, Preeti Pathela, Sarah Braunstein, Julia A. Schillinger, and Denis Nash. "HIV Care and Viral Load Suppression After Sexual Health Clinic Visits by Out-of-Care HIV-Positive Persons." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 32, no. 10 (October 2018): 390–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2018.0097.

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Lo, B. "Ethical dilemmas in HIV infection." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 80, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 26–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/87507315-80-1-26.

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As the AIDS epidemic continues to claim lives, the issues of testing, confidentiality, and refusal to care for seropositive patients generate increasing debate and concern among health care workers, legislators, and the general public. Protecting the uninfected from exposure to HIV, providing adequate medical care and counseling to HIV-positive persons, and preventing discrimination are necessary and immediate goals. Adherence by practitioners to both the current legislation on AIDS and the ethical imperatives of the health professions will facilitate adequate access to health care for all persons with AIDS. It will also provide necessary guidelines for issues of confidentiality.

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Rumptz, Maureen H., Carol Tobias, Serena Rajabiun, Judith Bradford, Howard Cabral, Robin Young, and William E. Cunningham. "Factors Associated with Engaging Socially Marginalized HIV-Positive Persons in Primary Care." AIDS Patient Care and STDs 21, s1 (June 2007): S—30—S—39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/apc.2007.9989.

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Schlebusch, L., and R. D. Govender. "Elevated Risk of Suicidal Ideation in HIV-Positive Persons." Depression Research and Treatment 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/609172.

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Globally, suicide and HIV/AIDS remain two of the greatest healthcare issues, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Several studies have observed a relationship between suicidal behaviour and HIV/AIDS.Materials and Methods. The main objective of this research was to determine the prevalence of elevated risk of suicidal ideation in HIV-positive persons immediately following voluntary HIV counselling and testing (VCT). The study sample consisted of adult volunteers attending the VCT clinic at a university-affiliated, general state hospital. Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, Beck’s Hopeless Scale, and Beck’s Depression Inventory.Results. A significantly elevated risk of suicidal ideation was found in 83.1% of the patients who tested seropositive. Despite a wide age range in the cohort studied, the majority of patients with suicidal ideation were males in the younger age group (age < 30 years), consistent with the age-related spread of the disease and an increase in suicidal behaviour in younger people. Relevant associated variables are discussed.Conclusion. The results serve as important markers that could alert healthcare professionals to underlying suicide risks in HIV-positive patients. It is recommended that screening for elevated risk of suicidal ideation and prevention of suicidal behaviour should form a routine aspect of comprehensive patient care at VCT clinics.

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Sujak, SL, R. Abdul-Kadir, and R. Omar. "Self-disclosure of HIV Status: Perception of Malaysian HIV-positive Subjects towards Attitude of Dental Personnel in Providing Oral Care." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 17, no. 1 (January 2005): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/101053950501700104.

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The objective of this study was to assess the perceptions of Malaysian HIV-positive subjects towards the attitude of dental personnel in providing oral care to them. The study design was cross-sectional with the sampling frame comprising of 27 Government Drug Rehabilitation Centres throughout Malaysia. A convenience sample was then taken from 20 centres with the highest enrolment of HIV-positive subjects. A self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit information on the perception of HIV-positive subjects towards the attitude of dental personnel in providing oral care to the patient with HIV-positive. The study sample consisted of 509 HIV-positive individuals with a mean age of 31.3 ±12.9 years old. Of these, only 15.1% attended a dental clinic after confirmation of HIV-positive status. The study demonstrated that 67.5% of the HIV-positive subjects disclosed their status voluntarily to the dentists and majority of the dentists (76.9%) did not show any negative reaction on knowing their HIV positive status. There was also no difference in the attitude of auxiliary staff toward the above disclosure. In conclusion, the study showed that oral health care personnel are more receptive to the HIV-positive subjects receiving dental care and treatment. Asia Pac J Public Health 2005: 17(1): 15-18.

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Rudy, Ellen T., Pamela J. Mahoney-Anderson, Anita M. Loughlin, Lisa R. Metsch, Peter R. Kerndt, Zaneta Gaul, and Carlos del Rio. "Perceptions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Testing Services Among HIV-Positive Persons Not in Medical Care." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 32, no. 4 (April 2005): 207–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000156132.19021.ba.

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Baad, Rajendra, Nagesh Shinde, Deepak Kumar J. Nagpal, Prashant R. Prabhu, L. Chavan Surekha, and Prasad Karande. "Managing HIV/Hepatitis Positive Patients: Present approach of Dental Health Care Workers and Students." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 13, no. 6 (2012): 882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1246.

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ABSTRACT People with HIV/HBsAg in India frequently encounter discrimination while seeking and receiving health care services. The knowledge and attitudes of health care workers (HCWs) influences the willingness and ability of people with HIV/HBsAg to access care, and the quality of the care they receive. The objective of this study was to asses HIV/HBsAg-related knowledge, attitudes and risk perception among students and dental HCWs. A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 250 students and 120 dental HCWs in the form of objective questionnaire. Information was gathered regarding demographic details (age, sex, duration of employment, job category); HIV/ HBsAg-related knowledge and attitudes; risk perception; and previous experience caring for HIV-positive patients. The HCWs in this study generally had a positive attitude to care for the people with HIV/HBsAg. However, this was tempered by substantial concerns about providing care, and the fear of occupational infection with HIV/HBsAg. A continuing dental education program was conducted to resolve all the queries found interfering to provide care to HIV/HBsAg patients. But even after the queries were resolved the care providing capability was not attained. These findings show that even with advanced knowledge and facilities the attitude of dental HCWs and students require more strategic training with regards to the ethics and moral stigma associated with the dreaded infectious diseases (HIV/HBsAg). How to cite this article Shinde N, Baad R, Nagpal DKJ, Prabhu PR, Surekha LC, Karande P. Managing HIV/Hepatitis Positive Patients: Present approach of Dental Health Care Workers and Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2012;13(6): 882-885.

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Heath, Katherine, Robert S. Hogg, Joel Singer, Martin T. Schechter, Michael V. O'Shaughnessy, and Julio S. G. Montaner. "Physician concurrence with primary care guidelines for persons with HIV disease." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 609–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971918869.

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Summary: An anonymous questionnaire was mailed to 3 groups of physicians in British Columbia: 659 registrants of a province-wide human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) drug treatment programme (Group 1); 765 who had had a patient test positive for HIV (Group 2); and a random sample of 484 (Group 3). Questionnaires provided data about: physician's demographic and personal characteristics; HIVrelated patient care experience; and 12 knowledge-based items. Responses were received from 65% of Group 1, 68% of Group 2 and 70% of Group 3, with complete information received from 38% of Group 1 and 50% of Groups 2 and 3. Summary knowledge scores were computed by comparing physician responses to recommendations of contemporary guidelines. Regression techniques identified associations between physician characteristics and knowledge scores. Multivariate analysis revealed an inverse relationship between knowledge and physician age in < all groups (all P 0.01). Increased knowledge was associated with the number of currently active HIV-positive patients in Groups 1 and 2 (all P 0.001), and lack of specialization in Groups 2 and 3 (both P 0.001). < <

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Gruber, DeAnn, Peter Campos, Marcia Dutcher, Laurie Safford, Karen Phillips, Jason Craw, and Lytt Gardner. "Linking recently diagnosed HIV-positive persons to medical care: perspectives of referring providers." AIDS Care 23, no. 1 (January 2011): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540121.2010.498865.

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Unkle, DW. "Mandatory HIV testing in critical care/emergency patients." Critical Care Nurse 10, no. 10 (November 1, 1990): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/ccn1990.10.10.22.

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Testing for the presence of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) remains one of the most controversial issues of this decade. Among persons diagnosed to be HIV positive, social ostracism and exaggerated atypical behavior are common. The resulting impact on the delivery of healthcare services to the seropositive patient has raised many ethical and professional dilemmas. Discussion of HIV testing and the subsequent effects of seropositivity on the delivery of healthcare will be emphasized.

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Duffus, Wayne A., Kristina W. Kintziger, James D. Heffelfinger, Kevin P. Delaney, Terri Stephens, and James J. Gibson. "Repeat Western Blot Testing After Receiving an HIV Diagnosis and Its Association with Engagement in Care." Open AIDS Journal 6, no. 1 (September 7, 2012): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874613601206010196.

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Objectives: To examine the prevalence of and factors associated with potentially unnecessary repeat confirmatory testing after initial HIV diagnosis and the relationship of repeat testing to medical care engagement. Design: South Carolina HIV/AIDS surveillance data for 12,504 individuals who were newly diagnosed with HIV infection between January 1997 and December 2008 were used for this analysis. State law requires that all positive Western blot [WB] results be reported regardless of frequency. Methods: HIV-infected persons, diagnosed from 1997-2008 and followed through 2009, with repeat positive WB results were compared to those who did not have repeat positive WB results. We defined repeat positive testing as documentation of one or more positive WB obtained ≥90 days following initial WB confirmatory result. HIV care engagement for the period from 2007-2009 was assessed by documentation of CD4+ T-cell/viral load reports to the South Carolina HIV/AIDS surveillance system during each six-month period of a calendar year for those individuals diagnosed prior to the assessment period and still alive at the end. Relative risk [RR] with 95% confidence intervals [CI] and multivariable general linear models were used to assess if any covariates of interest were independently associated with repeat positive confirmatory testing. Results:A total of 4,237 [34%] of 12,504 HIV-infected individuals had results of repeat positive WB testing reported to the surveillance system during 1997-2008. Persons who had repeat positive WB testing were more likely than persons who did not have repeat WB testing to have progressed to AIDS >1 year following diagnosis [RR: 1.70; 95% CI: 1.61, 1.80] and to be consistently in care [RR: 1.35; 95% CI: 1.24, 1.47] or have sporadic care [RR: 1.80; 95% CI: 1.68, 1.94]. Discussion:Having repeat positive WB tests may be a marker of engaging HIV care. However, given the limited resources available for care, it is important that healthcare reform policy and clinical recommendations promote improvements in communications about previous test results.

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Ang, Li Wei, Matthias Paul Han Sim Toh, Irving Charles Boudville, Chen Seong Wong, Sophia Archuleta, Vernon Lee, Angela Chow, and Yee Sin Leo. "Epidemiological factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing among HIV-positive persons in Singapore, 2012–2017." BMJ Open 11, no. 8 (August 2021): e050133. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-050133.

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ObjectiveTo assess the temporal trend and identify risk factors associated with the absence of previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis among HIV-positive persons in Singapore.Study designCross-sectional.Setting and participantsWe analysed data of HIV-positive persons infected via sexual transmission, who were notified to the National HIV Registry in 2012–2017.OutcomesEpidemiological factors associated with the absence of HIV testing prior to diagnosis were determined separately for two groups of HIV-positive persons: early and late stages of HIV infection at diagnosis.Results2188 HIV-positive persons with information on HIV testing history and CD4 cell count were included in the study. The median age at HIV diagnosis was 40 years (IQR 30–51). Nearly half (45.1%) had never been tested for HIV prior to their diagnosis. The most common reason cited for no previous HIV testing was ‘not necessary to test’ (73.7%). The proportion diagnosed at late-stage HIV infection was significantly higher among HIV-positive persons who had never been tested for HIV (63.9%) compared with those who had undergone previous HIV tests (29.0%). Common risk factors associated with no previous HIV testing in multivariable logistic regression analysis stratified by stage of HIV infection were: older age at HIV diagnosis, lower educational level, detection via medical care and HIV infection via heterosexual transmission. In the stratified analysis for persons diagnosed at early-stage of HIV infection, in addition to the four risk factors, women and those of Malay ethnicity were also less likely to have previous HIV testing prior to their diagnosis.ConclusionTargeted prevention efforts and strategies are needed to raise the level of awareness of HIV/AIDS and to encourage early and regular screening among the at-risk groups by making HIV testing more accessible.

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Melendez, Rita M., Theresa A. Exner, Anke A. Ehrhardt, Brian Dodge, Robert H. Remien, Mary-Jane Rotheram-Borus, Marguerita Lightfoot, and Daniel Hong. "Health and Health Care Among Male-to-Female Transgender Persons Who Are HIV Positive." American Journal of Public Health 96, no. 6 (June 2006): 1034–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2004.042010.

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Schilder, Arn J., Sandra Laframboise, Robert S. Hogg, Terry Trussler, Irene Goldstone, Martin T. Schechter, and Michael V. O'Shaughnessy. "“They Don't See Our Feelings.” The Health Care Experiences of HIV-Positive Transgendered Persons." Journal of the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association 2, no. 3 (September 1998): 103–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:jola.0000004052.12136.1b.

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Whetten, Kathryn, Susan Reif, Rachel Whetten, and Laura Kathleen Murphy-McMillan. "Trauma, Mental Health, Distrust, and Stigma Among HIV-Positive Persons: Implications for Effective Care." Psychosomatic Medicine 70, no. 5 (June 2008): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/psy.0b013e31817749dc.

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Fauziyah, Fauziyah, Zahroh Shaluhiyah, and Priyadi Nugraha Prabamurti. "Respon Remaja Lelaki Suka Lelaki (LSL) dengan Status HIV Positif terhadap Pencegahan Penularan HIV kepada Pasangan." Jurnal Promosi Kesehatan Indonesia 13, no. 1 (January 21, 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jpki.13.1.17-31.

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ABSTRAKDi Kabupaten Kota jambi kasus HIV positif pada LSL mengalami peningkatan yang berusia antara 19-24 tahun sebanyak 35,1%. yang berdampak pada pencegahan penularan HIV. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tahun 2016 dan bertujuan memahami respon LSL remaja dengan status HIV positif terhadap pencegahan penularan kepada pasangan. Metode penelitian kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. teknik pengambilan sampel dengan cara purposive dan pengumpulan data menggunakan indepth interview. Informan utama adalah remaja LSL yang sudah HIV positif 7 orang. Informan triangulasi kepada ketua Yayasan Kanti Sehati, Ketua kelompok Komunitas, Penjangkau lapangan di Kota Jambi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon saat pertama kali mengetahui bahwa dirinya terinfeksi HIV positif menolak terhadap status HIV positif respon nya kagek,terkejut,dan tidak percaya meluapkan perasaan emosional dalam bentuk stress dan depresi. pengungkapan status kepada pasangan dan orang terdekat belum semua dilakukan takut terhadap penolakan dari pasangan, Respon terhadap kepatuhan ARV sudah baik. Respon terhadap pencegahan HIV dengan kondom sebagian kecil masih belum konsisten penggunaan kondom karena masih sering menggunakan alkohol. Sedangkan respon terhadap perilaku seksual setelah HIV sebagian kecil belum mampu melakukan pencegahan penularan sesuai standar, sebagian besar masih mengalami Stigma dari keluarga, dan kekerasan fisik dari masyarakat.Kata Kunci : Respon LSL, remaja, HIV, pencegahan HIVABSTRACTIn Jambi City, the cases of HIV-positive in MSM increased in the people aged 19-24 years old by 35.1%. It affected on the prevention of HIV transmission. The research was conducted in 2016 and aimed to understand the response of teenage MSM with the status of HIV-positive to the prevention of transmission to the partner. The research method was qualitative with the design of case study. The sampling technique was purposive sampling with the data collection using in-depth interview. The main informants were teenage MSM with HIV-positive of 7 persons. The triangulation informants were the chief of Kanti Sehati Foundation, the chief of the Community Group of Field Outreach in Jambi City. The resarch results show that the response when they initially found themselves infected by HIV-positive was a rejection to their status of HIV-positive. Their responses were shocked, surprised, and confused. They expressed their emotion in the form of stress and depression. Status revealation to their partners and closest ones had not been performed fully since they were worried about the rejection from their partners. The response to ARV obedience has been good, but the response to HIV prevention using condoms had not been consistent partially because they were mostly under the effect of alcohol. Then, the response to post-HIV behavior, in few people, showed their inability to prevent the transmission based on the standard. Most of them still experienced the stigma from their families, and physical violence from society.Keywords: MSM response, teenage, HIV, HIV Prevention

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Bachanas, Pamela, Mary Grace Alwano, Refeletswe Lebelonyane, Lisa Block, Stephanie Behel, Elliot Raizes, Gene Ussery, et al. "Finding, treating and retaining persons with HIV in a high HIV prevalence and high treatment coverage country: Results from the Botswana Combination Prevention Project." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 21, 2021): e0250211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250211.

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Introduction The scale-up of Universal Test and Treat has resulted in reductions in HIV morbidity, mortality and incidence. However, healthcare system and personal challenges have impacted the levels of treatment coverage achieved. We implemented interventions to improve linkage to care, retention, viral load (VL) coverage and service delivery, and describe the HIV care cascade over the course of the Botswana Combination Prevention Project (BCPP) study. Methods BCPP was designed to evaluate the impact of prevention interventions on HIV incidence in 30 communities in Botswana. We followed a longitudinal cohort of newly identified and known HIV-positive persons not on antiretroviral therapy (ART) identified through community-based testing activities through BCPP and referred with appointments to local HIV clinics in 15 intervention communities. Those who did not keep the first or follow-up appointments were tracked and traced through phone and home contacts. Improvements to service delivery models in the intervention clinics were also implemented. Results A total of 3,657 newly identified or HIV-positive persons not on ART were identified and referred to their local HIV clinic; 90% (3,282/3,657) linked to care and of those, 93% (3,066/3,282) initiated treatment. Near the end of the study, 221 persons remained >90 days late for appointments or missing. Tracing efforts identified 54/3,066 (2%) persons who initiated treatment but died, and 106/3,066 (3%) persons were located and returned to treatment. At study end, 61/3,066 (2%) persons remained missing and were never reached. Overall, 2,951 (98%) persons living with HIV (PLHIV) who initiated treatment were still alive, retained in care and still receiving ART out of the 3,001 persons alive at the end of the study. Of those on ART, 2,854 (97%) had current VL results and 2,784 (98%) of those were virally suppressed at study end. Conclusions This study achieved high rates of linkage, treatment initiation, retention and VL coverage and suppression in a cohort of newly identified and known PLHIV not on ART. Tracking and tracing interventions effectively identified those persons who needed more resource intensive follow-up. The interventions implemented to improve service delivery and data quality may have also contributed to high linkage and retention rates. Clinical trial number: NCT01965470.

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Hartanti, Ani. "PERILAKU CARE GIVER DALAM PENGOBATAN ARV PADA ANAK DENGAN HIV/ AIDS." Jurnal Kebidanan 9, no. 01 (July 7, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.35872/jurkeb.v9i01.307.

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ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, infeksi HIV merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama dan salah satu penyakit menular yang dapat mempengaruhi kematian ibu dan anak. Pengidap HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dari tahun ketahun terus mengalami peningkatan. Tidak sedikit pengidap virus mematikan ini adalah mereka yang masih tergolong anak-anak, yaitu yang berusia antara delapan hingga delapan belas tahun. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perilaku care giver dalam pengobatan ARV pada anak dengan HIV/AIDS, yang meliputi: Karakteristik responden, pengetahuan, sikap, tradisi kepercayaan, akses terhadap pelayanan CST, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan teman sebaya. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Melalui wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion. Subjek penelitian ini adalah care giver yaitu 4 orang ibu dan 1 orang paman. Analisis berdasarkan tema (thematic content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 4 informan merupakan ibu dari anak dengan HIV/AIDS dan 1 informan adalah paman dari anak dengan HIV/AIDS. Usia anak dengan HIV antara 23 bulan - 13 tahun. Tidak ada perbedaan pengetahuan care giver tentang pengobatan ARV antara anak yang diasuh oleh ibu dan yang diasuh oleh paman. Ada perbedaan antara sikap informan dan keluarga antara anak balita dengan anak usia sekolah. Tidak ada perbedaan akses pelayanan anak dengan HIV/AIDS antara anak yang diasuh oleh ibu dan yang diasuh oleh paman. Perilaku care giver dalam pengobatan ARV dapat terkendala oleh keterjangkauan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, pekerjaan care giver serta hubungan keluarga care giver dengan anak dengan HIV/AIDS.Dukungan petugas kesehatan, keluarga, dan teman sebaya diberikan dengan memberikan pelayanan dan konseling dengan baik, selain itu keluarga juga memberikan dukungan moral dan spiritual kepada anak dengan HIV∕AIDS. Kata Kunci : Pengobatan ARV, HIV/ AIDS CARE GIVER BEHAVIOR IN ARV TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH HIV / AIDSABSTRACTIn Indonesia, HIV infection is one of the major health problems and an infectious disease that can affect maternal and child mortality. People living with HIV / AIDS in Indonesia from year to year continue to increase. Not a few people with this deadly virus are those who are still classified as children, which are aged between eight to eighteen years. The objectives of this study were to analyze the behavior of care giver in the treatment of antiretroviral drugs in children with HIV / AIDS, which include: Respondent characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, traditions of trust, access to CST services, support of health workers, family support, and peer support. The research method is qualitative with case study approach. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Subject of this research is care giver that is 4 mother and 1 person uncle. The thematic content analysis. The results showed that 4 informants were mothers of children with HIV / AIDS and 1 informant was uncle of child with HIV / AIDS. Age of children with HIV between 23 months - 13 years.There is no difference in the care giver knowledge of ARV treatment between the child being cared for by the mother and being cared for by the uncle. There is a difference between informant and family attitudes between toddlers and school-aged children. There is no difference in the access of child labor with HIV / AIDS between the child being cared for by the mother and being cared for by the uncle. Care giver behavior in antiretroviral treatment can be constrained by the affordability of health care facilities, care giver work and care giver family relationships with children with HIV / AIDS. Support from health, family, and peers is provided by providing services and counseling well, and the family also provides moral and spiritual support to children with HIV / AIDS. Keywords: ARV Treatment, HIV/AIDSABSTRAKDi Indonesia, infeksi HIV merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan utama dan salah satu penyakit menular yang dapat mempengaruhi kematian ibu dan anak. Pengidap HIV/AIDS di Indonesia dari tahun ketahun terus mengalami peningkatan. Tidak sedikit pengidap virus mematikan ini adalah mereka yang masih tergolong anak-anak, yaitu yang berusia antara delapan hingga delapan belas tahun. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk menganalisis perilaku care giver dalam pengobatan ARV pada anak dengan HIV/AIDS, yang meliputi: Karakteristik responden, pengetahuan, sikap, tradisi kepercayaan, akses terhadap pelayanan CST, dukungan tenaga kesehatan, dukungan keluarga, dan dukungan teman sebaya. Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Melalui wawancara mendalam dan focus group discussion. Subjek penelitian ini adalah care giver yaitu 4 orang ibu dan 1 orang paman. Analisis berdasarkan tema (thematic content analysis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 4 informan merupakan ibu dari anak dengan HIV/AIDS dan 1 informan adalah paman dari anak dengan HIV/AIDS. Usia anak dengan HIV antara 23 bulan - 13 tahun. Tidak ada perbedaan pengetahuan care giver tentang pengobatan ARV antara anak yang diasuh oleh ibu dan yang diasuh oleh paman. Ada perbedaan antara sikap informan dan keluarga antara anak balita dengan anak usia sekolah. Tidak ada perbedaan akses pelayanan anak dengan HIV/AIDS antara anak yang diasuh oleh ibu dan yang diasuh oleh paman. Perilaku care giver dalam pengobatan ARV dapat terkendala oleh keterjangkauan fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan, pekerjaan care giver serta hubungan keluarga care giver dengan anak dengan HIV/AIDS.Dukungan petugas kesehatan, keluarga, dan teman sebaya diberikan dengan memberikan pelayanan dan konseling dengan baik, selain itu keluarga juga memberikan dukungan moral dan spiritual kepada anak dengan HIV∕AIDS. Kata Kunci : Pengobatan ARV, HIV/ AIDS CARE GIVER BEHAVIOR IN ARV TREATMENT FOR CHILDREN WITH HIV / AIDSABSTRACTIn Indonesia, HIV infection is one of the major health problems and an infectious disease that can affect maternal and child mortality. People living with HIV / AIDS in Indonesia from year to year continue to increase. Not a few people with this deadly virus are those who are still classified as children, which are aged between eight to eighteen years. The objectives of this study were to analyze the behavior of care giver in the treatment of antiretroviral drugs in children with HIV / AIDS, which include: Respondent characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, traditions of trust, access to CST services, support of health workers, family support, and peer support. The research method is qualitative with case study approach. Through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions. Subject of this research is care giver that is 4 mother and 1 person uncle. The thematic content analysis. The results showed that 4 informants were mothers of children with HIV / AIDS and 1 informant was uncle of child with HIV / AIDS. Age of children with HIV between 23 months - 13 years.There is no difference in the care giver knowledge of ARV treatment between the child being cared for by the mother and being cared for by the uncle. There is a difference between informant and family attitudes between toddlers and school-aged children. There is no difference in the access of child labor with HIV / AIDS between the child being cared for by the mother and being cared for by the uncle. Care giver behavior in antiretroviral treatment can be constrained by the affordability of health care facilities, care giver work and care giver family relationships with children with HIV / AIDS. Support from health, family, and peers is provided by providing services and counseling well, and the family also provides moral and spiritual support to children with HIV / AIDS. Jurnal Kebidanan, Vol. IX, No. 01, Juni 2017 43 Keywords: ARV Treatment, HIV/AID

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Heath, Katherine V., Gerry Bally, Benita Yip, Michael V. O'Shaughnessy, and Robert S. Hogg. "HIV/AIDS care giving physicians: their experience and practice patterns." International Journal of STD & AIDS 8, no. 9 (September 1, 1997): 570–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/0956462971920802.

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To identify associations between HIV-related experience and patterns of service provision, physicians across Canada were solicited by mail to register in a national network of HIV/AIDS care givers. Respondents provided data about: personal, demographic and practice characteristics; the number of HIV-positive patients ever seen; the nature of the HIV-positive client population; and services provided to HIV-positive patients. Univariate techniques provided a demographic and professional profile of participating physicians. Logistic regression was used to identify associations between level of HIV-related experience and the provision of patient services. The 566 registered physicians have provided care to 56,378 HIVinfected persons and represent every province and territory in Canada. Multivariate analysis revealed that highly experienced physicians were more likely to provide all 3 types of services considered, to practise in Montreal, Vancouver or Toronto, and to < be medical specialists (all P 0.001).

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Goldstein, Alexa, and David J. Riedel. "327. Barriers to Positive Health Outcomes in the HIV-Infected Cancer Clinic Population." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S173—S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.400.

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Abstract Background Significant disparities in morbidity and mortality from cancer in HIV-infected persons exist compared with those with cancer in the general population. This study sought to identify psychological, social and economic factors impacting or impeding cancer care in the HIV-infected population. Methods A voluntary, anonymous one-time questionnaire was completed by patients diagnosed with cancer who are HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected at the University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center (UMGCCC). Andersen’s Behavioral Model of Health Services Use served as the theoretical framework for assessing psychological, social, and economic barriers to care. We used the chi-square test to evaluate the association between HIV status and barriers to accessing cancer care. Results A total of 25 HIV-infected and 100 HIV-uninfected cases were included. More HIV-infected patients with cancer experienced self-esteem and fear barriers to a greater degree than their HIV-uninfected counterparts (28% vs. 15% for self-esteem, and 40% vs. 21%). A significant proportion of HIV-infected individuals reported experiencing insufficient social support (32% vs. 10% in the HIV-uninfected population, P = 0.01). HIV-infected individuals reported that they did not feel looked down upon in the cancer clinic. They also described that their cancer and HIV diagnoses were delivered in a similar manner by the provider. Conclusion Given that HIV-infected persons are experiencing lower survival rates for most cancer subtypes when compared with their HIV-uninfected counterparts, there is a need to further investigate the feelings of fear, low self-esteem, and insufficient support reported in the HIV-infected sample. Cancer care may need to be tailored to reflect the differences in psychological barriers and enabling resources that continue to be disproportionately prevalent in HIV-infected patients. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Kurth, Ann, Irene Kuo, James Peterson, Nkiru Azikiwe, Lauri Bazerman, Alice Cates, and Curt G. Beckwith. "Information and Communication Technology to Link Criminal Justice Reentrants to HIV Care in the Community." AIDS Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/547381.

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The United States has the world’s highest prison population, and an estimated one in seven HIV-positive persons in the USA passes through a correctional facility annually. Given this, it is critical to develop innovative and effective approaches to support HIV treatment and retention in care among HIV-positive individuals involved in the criminal justice (CJ) system. Information and communication technologies (ICTs), including mobile health (mHealth) interventions, may offer one component of a successful strategy for linkage/retention in care. We describe CARE+ Corrections, a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study now underway in Washington, that will evaluate the combined effect of computerized motivational interview counseling and postrelease short message service (SMS) text message reminders to increase antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence and linkage and retention in care among HIV-infected persons involved in the criminal justice system. In this report, we describe the development of this ICT/mHealth intervention, outline the study procedures used to evaluate this intervention, and summarize the implications for the mHealth knowledge base.

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Horberg, Michael, Diana Antoniskis, Susan Bersoff-Matcha, Leo Hurley, Daniel Klein, Drew Kovach, Miguel Mogyoros, William Towner, and Winkler Weinberg. "Perceptions of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing Services Among HIV-Positive Persons Not in Medical Care." Sexually Transmitted Diseases 33, no. 7 (July 2006): 464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.olq.0000218870.48395.c0.

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Friedman, Eleanor, Jessica Schmitt, and David Pitrak. "1267. Contribution of Acute Infection to the Community Viral Load of an HIV Care Program." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 6, Supplement_2 (October 2019): S455—S456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofz360.1130.

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Abstract Background Individuals with acute HIV infection (AHI) are a priority for public health due to higher viral loads and greater risk of transmission. Despite potential clinical and public health benefits, rapid or immediate ART can be resource-intensive, with programmatic implications. We measured the contribution of AHI to our programs community viral load (VL) to inform our expanded testing and linkage to care program. Methods We calculated the contribution to the community VL for 3 HIV-positive groups from January 1, 2016 to September 1, 2018; (1) AHI (p24 antigen-positive, negative or indeterminate supplemental antibody testing), (2) new diagnoses (ND), and (3) existing diagnoses (ED). Persons who were AHI or ND were ART naïve at first VL. The contribution of each group to community VL was calculated at the first and second VL assays. Group contributions were characterized as (1) percentage of the total HIV-positive population, and (2) group contribution to community VL. Results 217 persons tested positive for HIV and had an initial VL, and 69 persons linked to our program had a second VL. Time intervals between first and second VL measurements were similar between groups (Kruskal–Wallis P = 0.55). Initial VL medians were significantly different by group (Kruskal–Wallis P < 0.001), partly due to the large number of ED in care and virally suppressed ( <200 copies/mL) at first VL (n = 82). AHI contributed the fewest persons to the HIV-positive population (7.8%), but contributed the most to first VL (58.6%). ART reduced VL for all groups. The median time from diagnosis to treatment for AHI was 5.5 days (IQR 4–21). Due to both natural decay and ART, AHI contributed the least to total VL load at second assay (5.6%). Using previously published data on treated and untreated VL decay, a delay in ART of 15 days would resulted in an estimated VL of 17,721 copies/mL (95% confidence interval (537- 53,576) vs. the estimated VL with ART, 131 copies/mL (95% CI 5–294), a 135-fold increase in AHI VL. Conclusion Patients with AHI are small proportion of our cohort compared with ND and ED, but account for the greatest portion of our community VL. These data quantifies the benefit of rapid initiation of ART for AHI to reduce community VL, a priority for prevention efforts. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Hoenigl, Martin, Chris Coyne, Jill Blumenthal, Gary Vilke, and Susan Little. "1274. Universal HIV and HCV Screening in San Diego Emergency Departments: Implications for Other Settings With a High Density of Free of Charge HIV Screening Programs." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (November 2018): S388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.1107.

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Abstract Background While HIV and HCV testing targeted to high-risk groups results in substantially higher proportions of HIV diagnoses, universal HIV and HCV screening in emergency department (ED) settings is expected to reach populations who do not perceive themselves to be at risk or are otherwise less likely to participate in HIV and HCV testing. As a consequence the CDC recommends routine HIV screening for persons 13–64 years of age, and routine HCV screening for the birth cohort (born between 1945–1965). The objective of this analysis was to evaluate the yield of universal opt-out HIV and HCV screening in the two EDs at the University of California San Diego (UCSD). Methods In July 2017, electronic medical record (EMR) based universal opt-out HIV screening (Architect HIV antibody [Ab]/HIV p24 antigen detection) for persons aged 13–64 years (excluding persons known HIV+ or reporteing an HIV test within the last 12 months) was implemented in our EDs. The EMR algorithm also identified HIV+ individuals who had been out of care for >12 months. In March 2018, EMR based universal HCV screening for birth cohort was added in both EDs. Results Over a period of 9 months 7,303 HIV tests were conducted, resulting in 24 (0.3%) new HIV diagnoses, of which 21 were successfully linked to care. In five individuals without HIV infection Architect gave a false-positive result (specificity 99.93%). In addition, the EMR algorithm identified 38 out of care HIV+ individuals of which 21 were successfully relinked to care. During the 1-month HCV birth cohort screening 963 HCV Ab tests were conducted, of which 106 (11%) resulted positive. At the time being 78 of those seropositive individuals had HCV RNA testing, of which 36 (53%) resulted positive (3.7% of all participants). Conclusion In San Diego, a setting with a high density of free-of charge HIV screening programs, 1/300 HIV tests in the ED yielded a new HIV diagnosis and in total 21 newly diagnosed individuals were linked to care. Identification of HIV+ out of care individuals yielded in an equivalent number of individuals relinked to care. The rate of newly diagnosed HCV infections exceeded the rate of newly diagnosed HIV infections by >10-fold outlining the importance of screening for HCV in the ED. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

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Paiva, Vera, Aluisio C. Segurado, and Elvira Maria Ventura Filipe. "Self-disclosure of HIV diagnosis to sexual partners by heterosexual and bisexual men: a challenge for HIV/AIDS care and prevention." Cadernos de Saúde Pública 27, no. 9 (September 2011): 1699–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2011000900004.

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This study investigated the disclosure of HIV-positive serostatus to sexual partners by heterosexual and bisexual men, selected in centers for HIV/AIDS care. In 250 interviews, we investigated disclosure of serostatus to partners, correlating disclosure to characteristics of relationships. The focus group further explored barriers to maintenance/establishment of partnerships and their association with disclosure and condom use. Fear of rejection led to isolation and distress, thus hindering disclosure to current and new partners. Disclosure requires trust and was more frequent to steady partners, to partners who were HIV-positive themselves, to female partners, and by heterosexuals, occurring less frequently with commercial sex workers. Most interviewees reported consistent condom use. Unprotected sex was more frequent with seropositive partners. Suggestions to enhance comprehensive care for HIV-positive men included stigma management, group activities, and human rights-based approaches involving professional education in care for sexual health, disclosure, and care of "persons living with HIV".

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Murray, Melanie C. M., Sara O’Shaughnessy, Kirsten Smillie, Natasha Van Borek, Rebecca Graham, Evelyn J. Maan, Mia L. van der Kop, et al. "Health Care Providers’ Perspectives on a Weekly Text-Messaging Intervention to Engage HIV-Positive Persons in Care (WelTel BC1)." AIDS and Behavior 19, no. 10 (August 22, 2015): 1875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10461-015-1151-6.

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