Дисертації з теми "HIV infections Treatment Victoria"
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Weinberger, Beverley Slome Kloss Jacqueline D. "Posttraumatic stress in adolescents with HIV and its relationship with treatment adherence : the role of health beliefs /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3221.
Повний текст джерелаPetoumenos, Kathy Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.
Повний текст джерелаTaylor, Debra Lynn. "Investigation of different antiviral strategies for the treatment of HIV infections." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.260877.
Повний текст джерелаAwotedu, Kofoworola Olajire. "Functional changes of the vasculature in HIV/AIDS patients on Haart and Haart Naïve HIV participants." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/185.
Повний текст джерелаCassidy, Rebecca Jane. "Changing understandings of HIV and AIDS through treatment interactions." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2011. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/7603/.
Повний текст джерелаMallon, Patrick William Gerard School of Medicine UNSW. "Clinical and molecular aspects of HIV-associated lipodystrophy." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/33048.
Повний текст джерелаHutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.
Повний текст джерелаMoyle, Graeme John. "Treatment of HIV infection with didanosive and foscarnet /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09MD/09mdm938.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаCederfjäll, Claes. "Aspects of care among HIV infected patients : needs, adherence to treatment and health related quality of life /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-288-4.
Повний текст джерелаPhalafala, Mathatho Samuel. "The effects of HIV status disclosure on antiretroviral treatment adherence." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96973.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Successful antiretroviral therapy (ART) depends on appropriate use of antiretroviral agents; which ultimately prevents replication of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) thus delaying clinical progression of the disease. This study explored how HIV status disclosure affects adherence to antiretroviral therapy at Mamelodi Hospital, using a convenience sampling method with a sample size of 50 adults above 18 years who were on treatment for a minimum of two years prior to the study. An interview protocol was used to uncover patients’ demographics, sexual orientation, and HIV status disclosure, adherence to antiretroviral drugs, drug side effects, how often they missed their doses and how HIV status disclosure / non-disclosure affected their adherence to treatment. Patients’ medical records were assessed to validate and correlate the information obtained from the interviews. The scientific test results used were the CD4count and Viral loads which are used to monitor the HIV/AIDS disease progression. All partakers involved in the study made their HIV status known and reported taking their medicines regularly. The patients’ CD4 count and VL were verified, the CD4 count has shown an upward trend while the VL load showed a downward trend in keeping with patients who are adhering to ART. The majority of participants (54% or 27 patients) reported they had never skipped taking their medication. The participants also reported they had taken their medicine in front of other people and they constituted 74% (37) of the group. Of this 74%, 78.38% (29 patients) said it was because they had disclosed their status. This observation supports the fact that if you have disclosed your HIV status, you have better chances of adhering to prescribed medication. Findings from the study at Mamelodi Hospital revealed that for as long as one has disclosed their HIV status, the outcome of treatment adherence will be better. The only shortfall noted was lack of partakers who did not divulge their HIV status thus a comparison could not be done. It was acknowledged that some participants in the study might have reported disclosure of their HIV status to be in good favour of the researcher to create an impression that they are adhering to their medication. The study has confirmed the existence of a relationship between HIV status disclosure and adherence to ART.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Suksessvolle antiretrovirale terapie (ART) hang af van die toepaslike gebruik van antiretrovirale middels, wat replikase van die MI-virus verhoed, en dus die kliniese vordering van die siekte vertraag. Hierdie studie het ondersoek hoe die bekendmaking van MIV-status die gehoorsaamheid tot ART beïnvloed het by die Mamelodi Hospitaal. ‘n Gerieflikheid-streekproef met ‘n groote van 50 volwassenes bo 18 jaar is gebruik en die deelnememers moes ten minste vir twee jaar voor die studie reeds op behandeling gewees het. Data is deur middel van onderhoude ingesamel, met die doel om pasiënte se demografiese inligting, seksuele orientasie, MIV-status, gehoorsaamheid tot ART en newe-effekte van ART in te samel. Pasiënte se mediese rekords is nagegaan om die inligting wat uit die onderhoude verkry is te bevestig. Die wetenskaplike toetse wat gebruik is, was die CD4-telling en virale lading wat gebruik word om MIV/Vigs te monitor. Al die deelnemers het hul MIV-status bekend gemaak en aangedui dat hul hul medikasie gereeld gebruik. Die pasiënte se CD4-tellings en virale lading is bevestig, die CD4-tellings het ‘n opwaartse neiging getoon terwyl die virale lading ‘n afwaartse neighing getoon het. Die meerderheid van die deelnemers (54%) het aangedui dat hul nog nooit hul medikasie oorgeslaan het nie. 74% van die deelnemers het aagedui dat hul hul medikasie voor ander mense neem - hul noem dat dit as gevolg van die feit is dat hul hul status bekend gemaak het. Dit ondersteun die feit dat mense wie hul status bekend maak beter kanse het om gehoorsaam hul medikasie te gebruik. Die studie by die Mamelodi Hospitaal toon dat solank mense hul MIV-status bekend maak, hul meer gehoorsaam is teenoor die gebruik van hul medikasie. Die studie bevestig dus die verband tussen bekendmaking van MIV-status en gehoorsaamheid tot ART.
Arias, Mayra S. "Determinants of self-efficacy to seek care for tuberculosis and complete tuberculosis treatment among HIV-positive individuals attending HIV/AIDS clinics in Honduras." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2010. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2010p/arias.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаJusayo, Nomonde. "Factors affecting the utilisation of a workplace voluntary counselling and testing programme in the Eastern Cape." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1010273.
Повний текст джерелаLiang, Jianguo, and 梁建国. "HIV-1 early diagnosis of men having sex with men in Hong Kong and discovery of novel agents for HIV-1 treatment from traditional Chinese herbal medicine." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196459.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Microbiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Fialho, Renata. "Neuropsychiatric manifestations of hepatitis C treatment in HIV/HCV co-infection." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2017. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/71260/.
Повний текст джерелаMatengu, Barbara. "The importance of STI treatment in HIV prevention: knowledge and behaviours of secondary school students in Tsumeb, Namibia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8923_1182746437.
Повний текст джерелаCurricula should be strengthened by teaching the curability of STIs and the importance of STI treatment to prevent HIV transmission. This study focused on the control of sexually transmitted infections as a key HIV prevention strategy. Sexually transmitted infections act as a strong cofactor in the sexual transmission of HIV. Effective STI management can limit the spread of HIV.
Vu, Phuong Thao. "Transmitted and acquired HIV drug resistence in Vietnam." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711876.
Повний текст джерелаGordon, Gregory Ernest Robert. "A chemo-enzymatic process for the production of beta-thymidine, a key intermediate in antiretrovirol manufacture." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1016217.
Повний текст джерелаSrasuebkul, Preeyaporn Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Evaluating monitoring strategies, short-term disease progression and rate of treatment change in HIV-infected patients commencing antiretroviral therapy in the Asia-Pacific region." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Public Health & Community Medicine, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41673.
Повний текст джерелаRose, Penelope Cathryn. "Tuberculosis treatment delay in adults and household transmission to children: a community-based study in a setting with high burden of tuberculosis and HIV." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/16726.
Повний текст джерелаBackground: Tuberculosis (TB) control depends on interrupting transmission through rapid diagnosis and treatment initiation of infectious TB cases. With increasing delay in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary TB, disease is likely to progress, leading to progressive lung cavitation and increased sputum bacillary load, likely increasing TB transmission. This study investigated the effect of treatment delay in adult TB patients on the risk of TB infection and disease in child household contacts. Methodology: Secondary analysis was performed using data from a community-based household contact investigation study. Cross-sectional analysis was conducted of baseline data collected at enrolment. Children aged three months to fifteen years with documented household exposure to an adult with TB were enrolled between December 2007 and June 2012. These children were screened for TB infection (Mantoux tuberculin skin test [TST] and two interferon-gamma release assays [IGRA]) and disease. Total treatment delay was measured in adult TB source cases as the time from cough onset until treatment initiation, with those reporting no cough serving as the reference category. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate the effect of total treatment delay in adults on the risk of TB infection in child household contacts, with TB disease evaluated as a secondary endpoint. Results In total 671 children were enrolled as household contacts of 290 adult TB source cases. In multivariate analysis, the odds of TST positivity increased with cough duration ≥4 weeks prior to TB treatment initiation (odds ratio (OR) = 1.77 [95% CI 1.02-3.09] for cough <4 weeks; OR = 2.74 [95% confidence interval ( CI ) = 1.39-5.40] for cough 4-12 weeks; OR = 2.39 [95% CI = 1.19-4.82] for cough >12 weeks, compared to non-coughing adult TB patients), child's age ≥5 years (OR = 4.51, [95% CI = 2.60-7.83]), sharing the same bedroom (OR = 2.17, [95% CI = 1.43-3.31]), more than one household TB contact (OR = 2.70, [95% CI = 1.35- 2 5.42]) and with household tobacco smoke exposure (OR = 2.10, [95% CI = 1.22-3.61]). Adult TB source case HIV status did not modify the association between cough duration and risk of infection in children. Results of analyses of TB infection indicated by IGRA positivity were consistent with TST results. Prevalent TB disease in child contacts was associated with source case sputum smear and culture positivity, additional household TB contacts and decreasing age of the child. Conclusions: Delays of longer than four weeks from cough onset until TB treatment initiation were associated with increased risk of TB infection in child household contacts. These findings confirm the importance of reducing delays in TB diagnosis and treatment in adults to reduce transmission, ideally to less than four weeks. Although HIV co -infected TB patients are often considered less infectious, delayed treatment initiation remained associated with TB transmission, even amongst HIV co-infected adults with TB. In addition to the traditional risk factors for developing TB disease after infection, source case exposure factors also increased the risk of exposed children developing TB disease.
Mohaleni, Mamabolo Promise. "Pre-and post-HIV diagnosis help-seeking behaviour by patients receiving antiretroviral treatment at Witbank Hospital in Mpumalanga Province." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1049.
Повний текст джерелаStudies have indicated that help-seeking behaviour of people living with HIV is not predictable and linear and may entail the utilization of western medicine, traditional medicine and/or complementary medicine. The aim of this study was to explore pre- and post- HIV diagnosis help-seeking behaviour by patients receiving antiretroviral treatment at Witbank Hospital in Mpumalanga Province (South Africa).A qualitative, descriptive phenomenological approach was utilized in the study. Ten participants (male = 5; female = 5, and aged between 30 and 50 years)diagnosed with HIV and who came to the hospital to collect their treatment and for medical review were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Interpretive analysis method was used to analyse the data. The results suggest the preference for western medicine pre-and post-HIV diagnosis. The results further suggest that help-seeking behaviour is a dynamic process embedded mainly in the conceptualization of the health problem, perception of its severity, the treatment given, and social support experienced.
Pace, Craig Stuart. "The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment." Thesis, Pace, Craig Stuart (2006) The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/242/.
Повний текст джерелаPace, Craig Stuart. "The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment." Pace, Craig Stuart (2006) The influence of APOBEC3G and deoxythymidylate kinase genetic diversity on HIV-1 hypermutation and response to treatment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/242/.
Повний текст джерелаMakhubele, Jabulani Calvin. "The impact of culture on the prevention and treatment of HIV/AIDS amongst people in low-resourced areas :a social work perspective." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2027.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of this study was to explore the impact of culture on the prevention and reatment of HIV/AIDS amongst people in low-resourced areas like Malamulele. he study focused on the lifestyles, beliefs, attitudes and perceptions around ultural elements and practices, which might impact negatively on the prevention nd treatment of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. There were three groups of research espondents namely: learners from three high schools in Malamulele, some arents of the learners and the traditional/cultural leaders. The researcher ollected both qualitative and quantitative data. The data was gathered through he use of an interview schedule (questionnaire), focus group discussions and ound-table discussion sessions. The data was presented, analysed and nterpreted by means of tables and charts. t was found that people in low-resourced (rural) areas have little knowledge about HIV/AIDS, causes, symptoms and how the disease is transmitted. Despite the fact that awareness and educational campaigns and programmes are being rendered, people in low-resourced (rural) areas have little knowledge and needed skills about prevention and treatment of the pandemic. Polygamy and extra-marital relations by men is still highly valued and viewed at high esteem. Religious structures seem to be detached to the issue of HIV/AIDS as they mentioned that talking about HIV/AIDS is immoral and against their principles. The study also tried to explore the extent to which people in low-resourced areas view and use condoms as a protective means.
Kang, Yuanxi, and 康元曦. "Mechanism study of novel CCR5 antagonists and their potential as anti-HIV-1 microbicides." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849393.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Microbiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
Nxumalo, Vusie Alvitt. "Cell-Life: a needs assessment study for an HIV/AIDS management tool." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15415.
Повний текст джерелаLunat, Imran. "Traditional, complementary and alternative medicine use in HIV-positive patients." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1388.
Повний текст джерелаWong, Mei-wan Farah, and 黃美雲. "Financial burden for HIV/AIDS patients to access antiretroviral therapy in Asian developing countries." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193826.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Community Medicine
Master
Master of Public Health
Lu, Hang. "The synthesis and structure-activity relationship study of azo dye related HIV replication inhibitors : Part 2: Plant isolation of signalling pathways inhibitors as anti-cancer agents." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27436.
Повний текст джерелаRose, Nathan Rolf. "Synthesis of novel coumarin derivatives as potential inhibitors of HIV-1 protease." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1007220.
Повний текст джерелаKMBT_363
Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in
Uwimana, Jeannine. "Met and unmet palliative care needs for people living with HIV/AIDS in selected areas in Rwanda." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
Повний текст джерелаOlomola, Temitope Oloruntoba. "Synthesis and evaluation of novel HIV-1 enzyme inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005034.
Повний текст джерелаRashamuse, Thompho Jason. "Studies towards the synthesis of novel, coumarin-based HIV-1 protease inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2008. http://eprints.ru.ac.za/1332/.
Повний текст джерелаAwortwe, Charles. "Pharmacokinetic herb-drug interaction study of selected traditional medicines used as complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) for HIV/AIDS." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96796.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Introduction The increasing intake of traditional medicines among HIV/AIDS patients in sub-Saharan Africa needs urgent consideration by clinicians and other healthcare providers since the safety of such medications are unknown. The pharmacokinetic parameters - Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Elimination (ADME) play important role in the safety evaluation of drugs, thus implicating drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters as critical indicators for herb-drug interactions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the risk potential of seven herbal medicines commonly consumed by HIV/AIDS patients for drug interactions applying in vitro models. In this study, inhibition and induction effects of the herbal medicines on cytochrome P450s (CYPs) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 and 3A4 as well as P-glycoprotein (P-gp) were investigated. Methods Herbal medicines – Lessertia frutescens, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Kalanchoe integra and Taraxacum officinale were sourced from Medico Herbs, South Africa were identified by experts from Compton Herbarium, South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town. Moringa oleifera, Echinacea purpurea and Kalanchoe crenata were obtained from the repository of the National Centre for Natural Product Research (NCNPR), University of Mississippi, USA. Reversible inhibitory effect of aqueous and methanol herbal extracts were evaluated in recombinant CYPs applying the fluorescent metabolites at specified excitation/emission wavelengths; CYP1A2 (3-cyano-7-hydroxycoumarin (CHC); 405/460 nm), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 (7-hydroxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)-coumarin (HFC); 405/535 nm) and CYP2D6 (7-hydroxy-4-(aminomethyl)-coumarin (HAMC); 390/460 nm). Comparative studies in human liver microsomes (HLM) and recombinant CYPs were conducted to investigate the inhibitory effect of methanol herbal extracts and fractions on 6β testosterone hydroxylation activity. Time dependent inhibitory (TDI) effect of the herbal extracts were evaluated applying the IC50 shift fold, normalized ratio and the NADPH-, time- and concentration-dependent approaches. Influence of herbal extracts on metabolic clearance of testosterone was assessed in both HLM and human hepatocytes. The effects of each herbal extract on expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and MDR1 genes were evaluated in activated human pregnane X receptor (PXR) co-transfected HepG2 cells. Finally, the inhibitory effect of herbal extracts on P-gp was assessed using the calcein-acetoxymethyl ester (calcein-AM) uptake and the digoxin radiolabelled substrates in MDCKII-MDRI cells. Results The aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, Kalanchoe integra, Kalanchoe crenata, Echinacea purpurea and Lessertia frutescens demonstrated high risk of in vivo inhibition on CYPs 3A4 and 1A2 with Cmax/Ki >1.0. Methanol extracts of these herbal medicines also indicated potential risk of reversible drug interaction. The methanol extracts of M. oleifera, K. crenata and L. frutescens showed strong TDI effect on CYP3A4 with IC50 shift fold >1.5 and normalised ratio <0.7. Moringa oleifera intermediately reduced intrinsic clearance of testosterone in human hepatocytes (2 ≤ AUC ratio ≤ 5) when scaled up to humans. Methanol extracts of Echinacea purpurea up-regulated the expression of CYP1A2, CYP3A4 and MDR1 genes in activated PXR. Kalanchoe crenata and Echinacea purpurea indicated strong inhibition on P-gp by reducing transport of digoxin across hMDR1-MDCKII cell monolayer from basolateral to apical with IC50 values of 18.24 ± 2.52 μg/mL and 24.47 ± 4.97 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion The herbal medicines especially M. oleifera, K. integra and E. purpurea have the potential to cause herb-drug interaction in vivo if sufficient hepatic concentration is achieved in humans.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Inleiding Die verhoogde inname van tradisionele medisynes onder MIV/VIGS-pasiënte in sub-Sahara-Afrika verg dringend oorweging deur klinici en ander gesondheidsorgverskaffers, aangesien die veiligheid van sodanige medikasies onbekend is. Die farmakokinetiese parameters – Absorpsie, Distribusie, Metabolisme en Eliminasie (ADME) – speel ’n belangrike rol by die veiligheidsevaluering van geneesmiddels, en impliseer gevolglik geneesmiddel-metaboliserende ensieme en vervoerders as kritiese indikators vir krui-geneesmiddel-interaksies (HDI). Die oogmerk van hierdie studie is om die risikopotensiaal van sewe kruiemedisynes wat algemeen deur MIV/VIGS-pasiënte geneem word, vir geneesmiddel-interaksies te evalueer deur in vitro-modelle te gebruik. In hierdie studie is die inhiberings- en induseringsuitwerkings van die kruiemedisynes op sitochroom P450’s (verkort na CYP’s) 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6 en 3A4, sowel as P-glikoproteïen (P-gp), ondersoek. Metodes Kruiemedisynes – Lessertia frutescens, Hypoxis hemerocallidea, Kalanchoe integra en Taraxacum officinale – is van Medico Herbs, Suid-Afrika, bekom en deur kundiges van die Compton-herbarium, by die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Biodiversiteitsinstituut, Kaapstad, geïdentifiseer. Moringa oleifera, Echinacea purpurea en Kalanchoe crenata is van die bewaarplek van die Nasionale Sentrum vir Natuurlike Produknavorsing (NCNPR) aan die Universiteit van Mississippi in die VSA verkry. Die omkeerbare inhiberende uitwerking van kruie-ekstrakte in water en metanol is in rekombinante CYP’s geëvalueer deur die gebruik van die fluoresserende metaboliete op gespesifiseerde opwekkings-/emissiegolflengtes; CYP1A2 (3-siaan-7-hidroksikumarien (CHC); 405/460 nm), CYP2C9, CYP2C19 en CYP3A4 (7-hidroksi-4-(trifluoormetiel)-kumarien (HFC); 405/535 nm) en CYP2D6 (7-hidroksi-4-(aminometiel)-kumarien (HAMC); 390/460 nm). Vergelykende studies van menslikelewermikrosome (HLM) en rekombinante CYP’s is uitgevoer om die inhiberende uitwerking van metanolkruie-ekstrakte en -fraksies op 6β-testosteroonhidroksileringsaktiwiteit te ondersoek. Die tydafhanklike inhiberende uitwerking (TDI) van die kruie-ekstrakte is geëvalueer deur gebruikmaking van die IC50-verskuiwingsvou-, die genormaliseerdeverhoudings- en die NADPH-, tyd- en konsentrasieafhanklike benaderings. Die invloed van kruie-ekstrakte op metaboliese testosteroonverheldering is in beide HLM en menslike hepatosiete geëvalueer. Die uitwerkings van elke kruie-ekstrak op die uitdrukking van CYP1A2-, CYP3A4- en MDR1-gene is in geaktiveerde menslike pregnaan-X-reseptor(PXR)-, ko-getransfekteerde HepG2-selle geëvalueer. Laastens is die inhiberende uitwerking van kruie-ekstrakte op P-gp geëvalueer, met gebruikmaking van die kalsien-asetoksimetiel-ester (kalsien-AM)-opname en die digoksien- radiogemerkte substrate in MDCKII-MDRI-selle. Resultate Die ekstrakte in water van M. oleifera, K. integra, K. crenata, E. purpurea en L. frutescens het ’n hoë risiko van in vivo-inhibering op CYP’s 3A4 en 1A2 met Cmaks/Ki >1.0 getoon. Ekstrakte van hierdie kruiemedisynes in metanol het verder potensiële risiko van omkeerbare geneesmiddelinteraksie getoon. Die ekstrakte van M. oleifera, K. crenata en L. frutescens in metanol het sterk TDI-uitwerking op CYP3A4 met IC50-verskuiwingsvou >1.5 en genormaliseerde verhouding <0.7 getoon. M. oleifera het intermediêre vermindering van intrinsieke testosteroonverheldering in menslike hepatosiete (2 ≤ AUC verhouding ≤ 5) tot gevolg wanneer die skaal na mense verhoog word. Ekstrakte van E. purpurea in metanol het die uitdrukking van CYP1A2-, CYP3A4- en MDR1-gene in geaktiveerde PXR opgereguleer. K. crenata en E. purpurea het sterk inhibering van P-gp getoon deur die vervoer van digoksien deur die hMDR1-MDCKII-selmonolaag van basolateraal tot apikaal met IC50-waardes van onderskeidelik 18.24 ± 2.52 μg/mL en 24.47 ± 4.97 μg/mL te verminder. Gevolgtrekking Kruiemedisynes, veral M. oleifera, K. integra en E. purpurea, het die potensiaal om HDI in vivo te veroorsaak indien voldoende hepatiese konsentrasie by mense bereik word.
Malinowska-Sempruch, Kasia. "Hiv among drug users in poland; the paradoxes of an epidemic." Thesis, Columbia University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3610085.
Повний текст джерелаSince 1988 when the first HIV positive drug user was identified in Poland, for close to two decades, the predominant route of HIV transmission has been through injecting drug use. In mid 2000s, Polish officials reported that injecting drug use no longer contributed to incrasing HIV incidence. The consequences of such a statement are that many of the structural and personal risks associated with HIV infection go unaddressed, that drug users are neglected by HIV prevention efforts, that HIV treatment is not made available to drug users and that the policy environment does not adequately support effective public health initiatives. This case study is based on documentation, archival records, interviews, participant observation, and physical artifacts shows that these assertions were made, and continue to be repeated, in a highly political context. Poland is a post-socialist state with strong neoliberal leanings, and it is highly invested in successful integration with the European Union. Powerful Catholic Church serves as an important backdrop. While people considered "at risk" now have more freedom to conduct their lives, they also have a set of neoliberal expectations and religious pressures placed on them. Country's geographic location adds to this complexity - situated between "Old Europe" where HIV problem has been successfully contained and the former Soviet Union, where the HIV incidence among drug users is the highest in the world, Poland attempts to align itself with the success of the West. Furthermore, examination of the available data suggests that the assertions made by Polish officials omit numerous variables. My research shows that even though Polish leadership in the area of HIV and drug policy wishes to resemble Western Europe, Poland does not meet international standards for the prevention of HIV transmission. The interviews I conducted, as well as the review of the literature on drug and HIV policies and programs suggest that these services are scattered, often unavailable, and that their number is stagnating, at best, and in some cases, even decreasing. This maybe a direct result of lack of engagement of drug users in their design. Excluded from the discussion of risk, drug users are thus not the focus of prevention efforts. Based on gathered data, there are seven crucial issues that require immediate action if Poland is to manage HIV prevention and care for people who use drugs in a manner consistent with the international standards. The areas requiring action are: a change in the drug policy from the current very punitive approach, expansion of needle and syringe programs and other harm reduction services, improved data collection and an increase in the availability of HIV testing, scaled-up substitution treatment, improved quality of other forms of drug treatment, greater investment in civil society organizations, improved access to HIV treatment, and educational and training efforts that encourage greater attention to HIV related matters across disciplines.
Ngugi, Pearl. "Response and adherence of HIV positive women to cervical cancer treatment." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1014129.
Повний текст джерелаDe, Vos Marieta. "Critical factors in NACOSA’s success as a network organisation in the HIV and AIDS sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96802.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: NACOSA had an eventful history spanning 22 years. The first phase between 1992 and 2001 is labeled Great Expectations as the composite multi-sectoral structure started a groundbreaking initiative on HIV and AIDS in South Africa and believed that the first AIDS plan drafted by them would be implemented as planned. Expectations came to nothing as government struggled to find its feet through a decade of blunders leading to the demise of the structure by end 2001. The next phase between 2001 and 2010 is labeled Starting Over as the Western Cape branch of NACOSA reinvented itself as a community mobilisation network for the province. Within a period of ten years Western Cape NACOSA developed into a successful national network with a large membership fully involved through its networking, capacity building and promoting dialogue functions. The third phase between 2010 and 2015 is labeled Rapid Growth as NACOSA developed into a large training and grant management agency with strong systems providing funding to its members through sub-granting. Networking continued at a slower pace but is still highly important for the organisation. The network contributes to localised social capital through shared learning and collaboration. NACOSA‟s sustainability has been developed through the ability to raise long-term funds for network activities, capacity building of members and coordinated service delivery on the ground. NACOSA also has a culture of identifying and acting fast on opportunities and adapting to change when it is needed. Strategic factors attributing to the success of NACOSA are a sector based approach promoting diversity in its membership; a consistently focused and shared purpose throughout the years; a community agent approach believing in and advocating for community systems strengthening; obtaining a mandate from network members for main strategy changes; strategic partnerships; a strong capacity building approach focussing on organisational and programmatic competencies; not competing with network members but acting as main weaver; creating specialist networks for specific HIV-related causes; a committed representative executive committee and skilled staff; bringing groups together on a regular basis for discussions and strategising; a variety of social media; and a network mindset intent on a culture of learning and building trust between member organisations.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: NACOSA het 'n gebeurtenisvolle geskiedenis wat strek oor 'n periode van 22 jaar. Die eerste fase tussen 1992 en 2001 word genoem Groot Verwagtinge, verwysende na die saamgevoegde multi-sektorale struktuur wat ontstaan het as die eerste groot MIV en VIGS inisiatief in Suid-Afrika. Hulle het verwag dat hul eerste VIGS-plan geïmplementeer sou word soos wat hulle dit beplan het. Hul verwagtinge het egter skipbreuk gely as gevolg van die regering wat oor die dekade heen hul voete gesleep en foute gemaak het wat uiteindelik gelei het tot die struktuur se ondergang in 2001. Die volgende fase tussen 2001 en 2010 word genoem Oorbegin verwysende na die Wes-Kaap tak van NACOSA wat hulself herskep het as „n gemeenskapsmobiliseringsnetwerk. Wes-Kaap NACOSA het binne tien jaar weer ontwikkel in 'n suksesvolle nasionale netwerk met 'n groot ledetal wat volledig ingeskakel is by die organisasie se netwerk, kapasiteitsbou en bevordering van dialoogaktiwiteite. Die derde fase tussen 2010 en 2015 word genoem Snelle Groei verwysende na NACOSA se ontwikkeling in 'n groot opleidings- en fondsbestuursagentskap met sterk stelsels wat befondsing aan hul lede verskaf. Netwerkskakeling het voortgeduur teen 'n stadiger pas maar is steeds baie belangrik vir die organisasie. Die netwerk dra by tot die bou van plaaslike sosiale kapitaal deur middel van samewerking en saam leer. NACOSA se volhoubaarheid het ontwikkel deur hul vaardigheid om langtermynfondse in te samel vir netwerkaktiwiteite, kapasiteitsbou en gekoördineerde dienslewering op grondvlak. NACOSA het ook 'n kultuur om geleenthede vinnig te identifiseer en daarop te reageer, asook om aan te pas by veranderinge wanneer nodig. Strategiese faktore wat bygedra het tot NACOSA se sukses sluit in 'n wye sektorbenadering met diverse lidmaatskap; 'n konsekwente gedeelde doelwit oor die jare; die bevordering van sterk gemeenskapstelsels; die verkryging van 'n mandaat by netwerklede vir strategie-veranderinge; strategiese vennootskappe; 'n sterk kapasiteitsboubenadering wat fokus op organisatoriese en programmatiese vaardighede; geen kompetisie met lede-organisasies maar eerder die rol van “hoofwewer”; skep van spesialisnetwerke vir spesifieke MIV-verwante kwessies; 'n toegewyde raad en vaardige personeel; gereelde bymekaarbring van groepe vir dialoog en strategie bou; 'n verskeidenheid van sosiale media; en 'n netwerk denkpatroon gefokus op 'n leerkultuur en die bou van vertroue tussen lede.
Norris, Gerard Benedict. "Counterfeiting of HIV/AIDS medicines : implications for global epidemic : recommendations for workplace programs." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50307.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: multiple therapeutic categories of medicines have been increasingly targeted for counterfeiting. According to Van Niekerk [Van Niekerk, Anton. (2001). Moral and social complexities of AIDS in Africa. University of Stellenbosch], “it is commonplace to identify and bewail a plethora of problems in the developing world generally, and in Africa in particular. Poverty, illiteracy, famine, political instability, natural disasters, and many more misfortunes dominate the history of this part of the world over the past 50 years. It was therefore adding uncalled (undeserved?) insult to already overwhelming injury when HIV/AIDS visibly struck the world since mid-1980. In spite of all the other calamities that Africa has to deal with, it nevertheless is no exaggeration to claim that HIV/AIDS nowadays constitutes the most serious health and social crisis and challenge that has ever befallen the continent”. Similar patterns involving HIV/AIDS are now emerging on other continents. One objective of this recent research study was to explore possible relationships between the growing scourges of the worldwide counterfeiting of medicines and parallels with the expanding global HIV/AIDS pandemic - as well as to examine potential relationships and risks associated with other diseases that have been observed to have ‘special associations’ with HIV and AIDS [e.g. sexually transmitted infections (STI’s), Tuberculosis (TB) and Malaria] - and possible impact on the “World of Work”. A second and important objective was to develop Recommendations for Workplace Programs. The information gathered has also been used to propose future studies regarding HIV/AIDS and counterfeiting. In the developing world, antibiotics and anti-parasitic medicines are included among the counterfeiters’ favorite targets. Strong parallels exist between locations where counterfeiting of medicines is taking place/product being distributed/sold and where HIV/AIDS is most prevalent and/or where the epidemic is expanding progressively. Counterfeiting of medicines used for treating HIV/AIDS raises the possibility of additional future complications developing in managing other global diseases such as Malaria and Tuberculosis, not to mention exacerbating the potential for developing resistance and encouraging mutation of the HI virus itself. It is also noteworthy that certain medical devices have also been found to be counterfeit. Global demographics and with particular reference to projected growth rates of populations of the developing world are of specific relevance to this subject of anticounterfeiting and medicines used for the treatment of HIV and AIDS. Indeed, next generations of humanity appear to be at unnecessary risk of being caught up in a confluence of forces whereby the practice of the counterfeiting of medicines could result in significant complications and unforeseen consequences regarding management of the global HIV/AIDS crisis. Following the research, recommendations for workplace programs were developed. The research study concludes with a comprehensive set of references.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die problamatiek aangaande die vervalsing (namaak) van medisyne word nou wereldwyd ervaar en het ‘n impak op beide die geindustrialiseerde en die ontwikkelende wereld. Menige medisyne in terapeutiese kategoriee is tot op hede as vervals geidentifeseer, met die direkte resultaat dat hulle ‘n minemale of geen terapeutiese uitwerking het nie. Wat nog erger is, is dat hierdie middels uiters gevaarlik is om te gebruik en selfs lewensgevaarlik kan wees. Dit is van groot betekenis dat ook medisyne wat bestem is om persone met HIV/VIGS te behandel, as vervals aangetoon is – en soedoende tot nog toe onbekende gevolge vir pasiente, die werkomgewing en ongekende risiko’s vir wereldwye gesondheidsorg en internasionale veiligheid en sekuriteit inhou. In hierdie studie word die onderwerp in taamlike besonderhede bestudeer en daar word afgesluit met aanbevelings oor programme in die werkplek wat ontwerp is om sorg en ondersteuning te bied aan werkers met HIV/VIGS. Verdere studie word ook aanbeveel om die tergende probleme wat volg op die vervalsing van medisyne in die behandling van persone met HIV/VIGS, en die implikasies hiervan, die hoof te bide.
Wang, Aiqin. "Anti-retroviral activity of lavendamycin analogs." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1036177.
Повний текст джерелаDepartment of Biology
Atlas, Ann. "Immunological and virological response to antiretroviral treatment (art) in patients infected with different HIV-1genetic subtypes /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-645-X/.
Повний текст джерелаFouche, Desire. "Drug-drug interactions between antiretrovirals and fluconazole in HIV-infected patients." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20079.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background: HIV-positive patients have a significantly weakened immune system which makes them highly susceptible for opportunistic infections, requiring additional treatment. Cryptococcal meningitis and oropharyngeal candidiasis are treated with oral fluconazole. A great potential for drug-drug interactions (DDIs) between fluconazole and antiretrovirals (ARVs), efavirenz, nevirapine, and lopinavir/ritonavir, exists due to interference in common metabolic pathways. The outcome may result in the development of adverse drug reactions or drug resistance and treatment failure. Aim: The primary aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of efavirenz, nevirapine and lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV-infected patients diagnosed with cryptococcal meningitis or oropharyngeal candidiasis. Methods: A prospective study was conducted in 80 HIV-positive, treatment experienced adults (≥18 years old) treated in three different outpatient clinics in the Western Cape region. Patients were subdivided according to ARV regimen and the use of fluconazole. A sparse sampling design was used and corresponding ARV serum concentrations were determined by established HPLC and GC methods. Fluconazole serum concentrations were determined by a newly developed HPLC method. Patient characteristics, concomitant medications, clinical test data and ARV serum concentrations were included in a NONMEM generated, onecompartment, open pharmacometric model with first order elimination to detect any drugdrug interactions between fluconazole and the studied ARVs. The secondary outcome was to establish which patient characteristics influence ARV pharmacokinetics. Results: From 80 outpatients, a total of 276 ARV serum samples (137 efavirenz, 67 nevirapine and 72 lopinavir) were collected for pharmacokinetic evaluation. Efavirenz clearance was correlated with race and concomitant use of rifampicin. No significant covariates were established in the nevirapine model. In the lopinavir model, concomitant use of clotrimazole and the antituberculosis combination isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin were identified as significant covariates. Discussion: No significant effects of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of any of the studied ARVs were observed. Varying efavirenz plasma concentrations in different ethnic populations may be due to differences in gene expression particularly CYP2B6. Coloured patients had significantly lower efavirenz serum concentrations (56.8% decrease in clearance), which has not been previously described in the South African context. Although gender was not a significant covariate in the nevirapine model, female patients tended to have higher nevirapine serum concentrations. TB treatment in all patients receiving lopinavir consisted of a combination of isoniazid, pyrazinamide and rifampicin, each with different effects on CYP isoenzymes. The exact contributing factor of each drug in the ultimate decrease in lopinavir clearance (46.4%) can therefore not be established. Conclusions: Given the limitations of the sample size in the present study, no statistical significant effect of fluconazole on the pharmacokinetics of the investigated ARVs could be demonstrated. A retrospective analysis of the data showed various co-factors that influence the pharmacokinetics of the investigated ARVs. This data needs to be confirmed in a prospective study as the identified covariates are appropriate in the management of HIVinfected patients in the South African context.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Agtergrond: HIV-positief pasiënte het ‘n aansienlike verswakte immuunstelsel, wat hul hoogs vatbaar tot opportunistiese infeksies maak, en dus, addisionele behandeling benodig. Cryptococcal meningitis en orofaringeale kandidiase word met orale flukonasool behandel. As gevolg van middeling in algemene metaboliese paaie is daar ‘n groot moontlikheid van middel-middel interaksies tussen flukonasool en die antiretrovirale (ARV) middels, efavirenz, nevirapine, en lopinavir/ritonavir. Die uitkomste hiervan mag tot die ontwikkeling van nadelige middel-middel interaksies of middelweerstandigheid en mislukte behandeling lei. Doel: Die primêre doel van hierdie tesis was om die effek van flukonasool op die farmakokinetika van efavirenz, nevirapine en lopinavir/ritonavir in HIV geïnfekteerde pasiënte met gediagnoseerde cryptococcal meningitis en orofaringeale kandidiase te evalueer. Metodes: Die studie was met 80 HIV-positief, behandeling-ervare volwassenes (≥18 jaar) onderneem. Voorafgenoemde was in drie verskillende buitepasiëntklinieke in die Wes-Kaap behandel. Pasiënte was volgens ARV regimen en die gebruik van flukonasool, of dan nie, verder verdeel. ‘n Beperkte steekproef ontwerp was gebruik, en ooreenstemmende ARV serum konsentrasies is deurgevestigde HPLC en GC metodes vasgestel. Flukonasool serum konsentrasies was deur ‘n nuutontwikkelde HPLC metode vasgestel. Pasiëntkenmerke, gepaardgaande medikasie, kliniesetoets data en ARV serum konsentrasies was by ‘n NONMEM genereerde, een-kompartement, oop farmakometriese model met eerste orde eliminasie ingesluit om enige middel interaksies tussen flukonasool en die bestudeerde ARVs op te tel. Die sekondêre uitkomste was om vas te stel watter pasiënt kenmerke ARV farmakokinetika beïnvloed. Resultate:Uit 80 buitepasïente was ‘n totaal van 276 ARV serum monsters (137 efavirenz, 67 nevirapine en 72 lopinavir) vir farmakokinetiese evaluasie gekollekteer. Efavirenz opruiming was met ras gekorreleer asook gepaardgaande gebruik van rifampisien. Geen betekenisvolle ko-variante was in die nevirapine model vasgestel nie. In die lopinavir model het die gepaardgaande gebruik van clotrimazole en die anti-tuberkulose kombinasie isoniazied, pyrazinamied en rifampisien, lopinavir opruiming verminder. Bespreking: In hierdie studie is geen betekenisvolle effekte van flukanosool op die farmakokinetika van enige van die bestudeerde ARVs waargeneem nie. Afwisselende efavirenz plasma konsentrasies in verskillende etniese populasies mag aan verskille in geenuitdrukking, veral CYP2B6, toegeskryf word. Kleurling pasïente het betekenisvolle verlaagde efavirenz serum konsentrasies getoon (56.8% verlaging in opruiming). Hierdie bevinding is nog nooit voorheen in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks beskryf nie. Alhoewel geslag nie ‘n beduidende ko-variant in die nevirapine model was nie, het vroulike pasïente geneig om hoer nevirapine serum konsentrasies te hê. TB behandeling, in alle pasïente wat lopinavir ontvang het, het uit die volgende kombinasie bestaan: isoniazied, pyrazinamied en rifampisien, elk met hul eie effekte op CYP isoensieme. Die presiese bydra van elke middel in die uiteindelike verlaging (46.4%) in lopinavir opruiming kan dus nie vasgestel word nie. Gevolgtrekking: Gegewe die beperkings van die steekproef in die huidige studie, kon geen statistiese beduidende effek van flukonazool op die farmakokinetika van die betrokke ARVs gedemonstreer word nie. ‘n Retrospektiewe analise van die data het gewys dat verskeidene ko-faktore die farmakokinetika van die betrokke ARVs beïnvloed. Hierdie data moet in ‘n prospektiewe studie bevestig word omdat die geidentifiseerde covariates die bestuur van MIV-positiewe pasiente in die Suid-Afrikaanse konteks te verbeter.
Lee, Yi-Chen. "Studies towards the development of novel HIV-1 integrase inhibitors." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1005022.
Повний текст джерелаHe, Xi, and 何溪. "The impact of lopinavir/ritonavir (Kaletra) on blood lipids in HIV/AIDS antivirus treated naïve patients in China." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46936129.
Повний текст джерелаMasokoane, Kgomotso Quentinne. "Adherence and non-adherence to antiretroviral treatment in HIV people in Port Elizabeth." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1185.
Повний текст джерелаWu, Lucy Mimi. "Antiretroviral prophylaxis for prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV through breastfeeding: asystematic review and meta-analysis of infant treatment regimens." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48426581.
Повний текст джерелаpublished_or_final_version
Public Health
Master
Master of Public Health
Fisher, Tarryn-Lee. "The effects of HIV Protease Inhibitors (Lopinavir/Ritonavir) on the non-oxidative pathways of glucose metabolism." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86469.
Повний текст джерелаENGLISH ABSTRACT: While antiretroviral therapy decreases HIV/AIDS morbidity and mortality, long-term treatment results in insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases. A possible cause of such adverse effects may be an increase in oxidative stress resulting from protease inhibitor (PI)-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. We therefore hypothesized that PI treatment, specifically Lopinavir/Ritonavir, results in increases in myocardial reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to downstream outcomes, i.e. elevated apoptosis. Moreover, we proposed that increased ROS levels in this instance might occur as a result of PI-mediated induction of the non-oxidative glucose pathways (NOGPs). In light of this, we also investigated the effect of PI treatment on the NOGPs by employing both in vitro and in vivo samples. For the in vitro work we employed a rat cardiomyoblast cell line, while tissues (heart, liver) were collected from two separate experimental models, i.e. a) Group A exposed to PIs via mini-osmotic pump for a period of eight weeks, and b) Group B administered PIs via a jelly-based method for 16 weeks. We found that PIs increased mitochondrial ROS levels in vitro but that this was not accompanied by a parallel rise in programmed cell death. Moreover, we found no induction of the NOGPs in response to PI exposure (for both in vitro and in vivo models here employed). However, we found that the AGE pathway was significantly down-regulated in the liver of Group A. Investigation into a proposed mechanism for this observation proved inconclusive and further studies are thus required to clarify the significance in terms of metabolic dysfunction found in the Group A model. Our study thus shows that PIs can increase ROS levels (in vitro) but that compensatory antioxidant mechanisms may prevent this in vivo. Subsequently, downstream effects were limited i.e. we did not observe NOGP induction and programmed cell death. An intriguing finding emerged, however, i.e. that PIs can elicit an impact on the AGE pathway. We propose future studies with modifications to the current rat and cell models in order to evaluate the downstream effects of PIs on the NOGPs and programmed cell death.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Terwyl antiretrovirale terapie MIV/VIGS morbiditeit en mortaliteit verlaag, veroorsaak langtermyn behandeling insulienweerstandigheid en kardiovaskulêre siekte. 'n Moonltike oorsaak van sulke newe-effekte kan 'n toename in oksidatiewe stres veroorsaak deur die protease inhibeerder (PI)-geïnduseerde mitochondriale wanfunskionering. Ons hipotetiseer dat PI behandeling, spesifiek Lopinavir/Ritonavir, versoorsaak 'n toename in miokardiale reaktiewe suurstofspesies (ROS), wat aanleiding gee tot afstroom uitkomste, i.e. verhoogde apoptose. Verder, stel ons voor dat verhoogde ROS vlakke in hierdie geval onstaan as gevolg van PI-gemedieerde induksie van die nie-oksidatiewe glukose weë (NOGWe). In die lig hiervan het ons ook die effek van PI behandeling op die NOGWe ondersoek deur beide in vitro en in vivo monsters te gebruik. Vir die in vitro werk het ons van 'n rot kardio-mioblastsellyn gebruik gemaak, terwyl weefsels (hart, lewer) versamel is van twee afsonderlike eksperimentele modelle, i.e. a) Groep A blootgestel aan PIs via mini-osmotiese pomp vir 'n periode van agt weke, en b) Groep B PIs is toegedien via 'n jellie gebaseerde metode vir 16 weke. Ons het bevind dat die die PIs mitochondriale ROS vlakke in vitro verhoog maar dat dit nie vergesel is met 'n paralelle toename in apoptose. Verder is geen induksie van die NOGWe in reaksie op PI blootstelling waargeneem (vir beide in vitro en in vivo modelle). Hoewel ons het bevind dat die AGE weg in die lewer van Groep A beduidend afgereguleer is. Ondersoek na 'n moontlike megansime vir hierdie waarneming was onoortuigend en verdere ondersoek is nodig om die betekenis in terme van die metaboliese wanfunskionering in die Groep A model vas te stel. Ons studie toon dus aan dat PIs, ROS vlakke (in vitro) verhoog, maar dat kompensatoriese anti-oksidant meganismes in die hierdie in vivo model verhoed word. Gevolglik is die afstroom effekte beperk i.e. ons het geen NOGWe induksie en aptoptose waargeneem nie. 'n Interesante bevinding het wel uitgestaan, i.e. PIs kan 'n impak hê op die AGE weg. Ons stel dus voor dat toekomstige studies met modifikasies, tot die huidige rot- en sel-modelle gemaak word om die afstroomeffekte van PIs en apoptose te evalueer.
Reuter, Helmuth. "The immunopathogenesis and treatment of tuberculous pericardial effusions in a population with a high prevalence of infection with the human immunodeficiency virus." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1411.
Повний текст джерелаFernandez, Sonia. "CD4? T-cell deficiency and dysfunction in HIV patients receiving combination antiretroviral therapy." University of Western Australia. School of Surgery and Pathology, 2007. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2007.0120.
Повний текст джерелаOnywera, David Harris. "Influence of non-synonymous sequence mutations on the architecture of HIV-1 clade C protease receptor site : docking and molecular dynamics studies." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013133.
Повний текст джерелаHaipinge, Emilie. "An investigation into the school experiences of HIV-positive secondary school learners on ARV treatment in Katutura, Windhoek." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1004334.
Повний текст джерелаGaranganga, Eunice. "Palliative care needs of children suffering from AIDS, Zimbabwe." Thesis, [S.l. : s.n.], 2009. http://dk.cput.ac.za/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1030&context=td_cput.
Повний текст джерела