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1
Kjar, Renée Giay Benny. "The invisible aristocrat Benny Giay in Papuan history /." [Sydney, Australia] : Australiann National University, Discipline of Asian Studies, 2002. http://www.papuaweb.org/dlib/s123/kjar/%5Fba.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Thesis (B.A.)--Discipline of Asian Studies, Australian National University, 2002.Title from thesis home page (viewed Dec. 6, 2004). Title from start screen (viewed Aug. 19, 2004). "December 2002."
2
Sudradjat, Iwan. "A study of Indonesian architectural history." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18164.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
When we speak of Indonesian architectural history, what are we actually speaking of? What do we understand from this field of study? How it has been done, and why? How can we make it more relevant and useful to the present? This thesis attempts to investigate the historical development of Indonesian architectural history and to illustrate how its various traditions took root and developed. Extensive materials published since the turn of the twentieth century have been scrutinised, in order to identify the many strands of architectural writing produced in different institutional locations, which to a great extent constitute our present knowledge of Indonesian architecture. The general position adopted in this thesis suggests that Indonesian architectural history is deeply rooted in Dutch academic practices in the former Indies—including archaeology, anthropology, urban sociology, town planning and architecture. The legacies of these intellectual traditions live on through their doctrines, basic concepts, theories and methods, but certainly with some reinterpretations and adjustments. The single most important advance made by this thesis is that it presents a multiple, rather than reductive view of Indonesian architectural history. It refers to various forms of the history of architecture, rather than seeing the subject as a single entity. Such an analytical strategy has enabled us to capture the complexity and breadth of the domain of Indonesian architectural history, and to map more accurately the contemporary pluralism and fragmentation within the discursive field. The first chapter explores the main features of the early writings on architecture in Indonesia. The second, third and fourth chapters delineate the legacy of the Dutch academic traditions (archaeology, anthropology, urban sociology and town planning) in Indonesian architectural history. The fifth chapter considers in detail the manner in which the problems of architectural style and identity were addressed by architects in the former Indies and the contemporary Republic of Indonesia. This thesis concludes with a prospective view for a self-reflexive and critical history of architecture.
3
Tapsell, Ross. "A history of Australian journalism in Indonesia." School of History and Politics, Faculty of Arts, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3028.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the changing professional practice of Australian journalists since they began reporting in Indonesia from 1945. Existing literature on the Australian media in Indonesia has emphasised the problem of biased and troublesome Australian journalists who have deliberately caused bilateral relations disturbances between Australia and Indonesia. It is argued that the existing literature overstates the agency of Australian journalists, and downplays the attitudes and roles of governments and news forces in the shaping of journalists’ professional practice. This thesis will show how Australian journalists and their Indonesian staff have attempted to report what they saw as the ‘truth’ from the archipelago, yet have been subjected to numerous pressures and vii constraints that hinders their professional practice and limits their autonomy. In particular, Indonesian staff working for Australian news agencies have been subjected to numerous pressures from a hierarchical system of newsgathering and from their own government. The Indonesian Government and military have attempted to control the flow of news through often crude and violent tactics to hinder journalists’ professional practice. The Australian Government, which supports the notion of a free press, has also limited Australian journalists’ professional practice in Indonesia. The news system requirement for journalists to seek elite sources and the improvements in communications technology have also hindered the freedoms for Australian journalists as they operate from Indonesia. Thus, it is argued that Australian journalists in Indonesia and their local staff have worked under a range of constraints and have been pressured to serve a variety of competing masters in reporting from the archipelago. Their work has to be understood as a complex artefact crafted in response to this range of insistent and intrusive pressures.
4
Karsono, Sony. "Setting History Straight? Indonesian Historiography in the new Order." Ohio : Ohio University, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1127249724.
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5
Song, Seung-Won. "Back To Basics In Indonesia? Reassessing The Pancasila And Pancasila State And Society, 1945-2007." View abstract, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3306531.
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6
Auni, Luthfi. "The decline of the Islamic empire of Aceh (1641-1699)." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26066.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis deals with the history of the Acehnese Islamic empire, focusing on the events leading up to its decline in both its internal stability and its hegemony in the surrounding regions in the second half of the seventeenth century. During the given period (1641-1699) the empire was ruled successively by four female rulers. The thesis deals with the political and economic developments in this period.Aceh was an Islamic empire in the Indonesian archipelago which emerged as the greatest and most influential Islamic power in the region from the middle of the sixteenth century to the early seventeenth century. It reached its golden age during the reign of Sultan Iskandar Muda (1607-1636) who succeeded in developing the empire into an unrivaled Muslim power whose control included the West Sumatran coast and the Malay peninsula. During his reign, Aceh became the holder of the political and economic hegemony in the region.
Towards the second half of the seventeenth century, the power of Aceh gradually declined from its peak both internally and externally. Internally, political disintegration paved the way for the process of power transition between political groups within the empire. Externally, both the political importance and the economic supremacy of the empire in the region was drastically reduced. Consequently, its power again shrank back into the north-Sumatran area from which the empire originally emerged.
7
Hadi, Amirul. "Aceh and the Portuguese : a study of the struggle of Islam in southeast Asia, 1500-1579." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61294.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The coming of the Portuguese to Malacca in 1511 disrupted the existence of the people of the Malay-Indonesian archipelago, where trade and Islam were the main influences. The Christian European intruders were regarded as both economic competitors and religious enemies. The Muslim kingdoms of the region put up fierce resistance to the Portuguese. The strongest opposition was shown by Aceh. Its response was mainly expression in three aspects; military action, political maneuvering and economic reaction. Jihad (holy war) also played an important spiritual role in the response. This resistance combined with the strategic location of Aceh in the northern tip of Sumatra and the support of other Muslim powers accelerated the rise of Aceh in the sixteenth century.
8
McMillan, Richard Oliver Scorgie. "The British occupation of Indonesia : 1945-1946." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271359.
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9
Mallarangeng, Rizal. "Liberalizing New Order Indonesia ideas, epistemic community, and economic policy change, 1986-1992 /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/50013641.html.
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10
Ali, Denny J. "Democratization from below protest events and regime change in Indonesia, 1997-1998 /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/49890480.html.
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11
Abel, Filomeno Simão Jacob. "Structure and history in Kisar." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670239.
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12
Nayati, Widya. "The archaeology of trading sites in the Indonesian Archipelago in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries : possibilities and limitations of the evidence." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/116904.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Trade networks in the Indonesian Archipelago changed drastically during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. After the Portuguese conquered Melaka in 1511, Aceh, Banten, Gresik and Macassar (Makasar/Ujung Pandang) became more important not only in economic but also in politcal terms. Trading sites in Maluku and on the west coast of Sumatra, the sources of spices, attracted more Asian and European traders. In the early seventeenth century, further changes developed because of intense competition between English and Dutch traders, especially in important trading places such as the west coast of Sumatra, Banten and Maluku. Durin those two centuries, three types of trading places can be identified in the Indonesian Archipelago: Direct Trading sites, Complex Entrepots and Fort Regulated sites. The popularity of different sites rose and fell in relation to high competition in the spice trade and as local representatives (Panglima) became more independent.
13
O'Hare, Martin. "The Indonesian military in Irian Jaya." Thesis, [Canberra : Strategic and Defence Studies Centre, Research School of Pacific Studies, Australian National Univerity], 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144273.
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14
Kassem, Dana. "Electrification and industrial development in Indonesia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2018. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3788/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Economists and policymakers have long believed that access to electricity is essential for industrial development, and ultimately growth. Despite this consensus, there is limited evidence of this relationship. In this thesis, I ask whether electrification causes industrial development. I study the effect of the extensive margin of electrification (grid expansion) on the extensive margin of industrial development (firm entry and exit). I combine newly digitized data from the Indonesian state electricity company with rich manufacturing census data. To deal with endogenous grid placement, I build a hypothetical transmission grid based on colonial incumbent infrastructure and geography. The main instrumental variable is the distance to this hypothetical grid. I examine the effect of electrification on local industrial development. To understand when and how electrification can cause industrial development, I shed light on an important economic mechanism - firm turnover. I find that electrification causes industrial development, represented by an increase in the number of manufacturing firms, manufacturing workers, and output. Electrification increases firm entry rates, but also exit rates. Overall, electrification creates new industrial activity, as opposed to reorganizing it across space. I then evaluate the impact of electrification on firm-level performance. I find that connected firms are larger, more likely to exit, and younger. This is consistent with higher turnover at the market level. I look at the implications of the previous results on industry productivity. Higher turnover rates lead to higher average productivity and induce reallocation towards more productive firms. This is consistent with electrification lowering entry costs, increasing competition and forcing unproductive firms to exit more often. Without the possibility of entry or competitive effects of entry, the effects of electrification are likely to be smaller. I use detailed product-level production data to structurally estimate a quantity-based production function, which when combined with price data, allows me to estimate marginal cost. Electrification substantially reduces the cost of production of existing products and their prices. While mark-ups don’t change for incumbent firm-product pairs, the average markup increases in the market. This is due to a selection effect where products produced post access have higher mark-ups. These products are "new" and are more likely to be differentiated.
15
Hakim, Budi Rahman. "Modernization of social work and the state : a critical survey of its historical development in Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=81462.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis critically surveys the dynamics of social work modernization in the state of Indonesia. The study examines the polarization, characteristics and trends of social work throughout the history of Indonesia. The survey begins by reviewing the two contexts of the historical developments of social work in both the developed and developing countries of the Third World. This historical overview is pivotal to place the context of social work development in Indonesia. Tracing the origins and the nature of 'social work' in Indonesia under the pre- and colonial rule will further highlight the course of its development. The adoption of modern social work in the post-colonial is examined afterward. The historical examination of social work in Indonesia is particularly relevant in underscoring the roots of the present criticism leveled at Indonesian social policy and work.
16
Irmawan, Yudi. "Globalization and the accountancy profession in developing countries : an examination of the historical developmemt of the Indonesian accountancy profession (1954-2008)." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studies on the development of the accountancy profession in the ex-colony countries have recently adopted theoretical and methodological frameworks that linked such development with the socio-historical context of these countries as former colonies or dependants of the more developed countries. More specifically, they associate the emergence and development of the accountancy profession in these countries with the historical and contemporary global expansion of capitalism. However, there is still a need for further research. First, how global expansion of capitalism penetrates is different across different country settings. Hence, this process would be best understood by incorporating the socio-political, economic and historical specificity of the given country. Second, previous studies emphasize the internal dialectic contradictions of capitalism in analysing the changes and dynamics of the profession in ex-colony countries. Recent literature, however, has introduced methodologies that recognize the need to acknowledge the existence of any rivalling structures as possible external sources of the dialectic progress of capitalist expansion. In regard to this, the socio-political and historical context of Indonesia may offer a case of how the interactions between global expansion of capitalism and existing rivalling structures may shape the development of the accountancy profession. The need for further research is amplified by the fact that previous studies on the Indonesian accountancy profession have generally ignored the influence of these wider socio-political factors. The primary aim of this study is thus to investigate how the accountancy profession has emerged and developed in Indonesia over the last five decades. To achieve its objectives, this research draws insights from the tradition of the globalization theory as a critique to global expansion of capitalism and Robert Cox historical structure methodology. The central argument of this thesis is that the development of the Indonesian accountancy profession followed the changes in the country's system of political economy, which in turn has been heavily influenced by the relationship between ex-colony countries with their former colonizers within the context of the capitalistic world order. In other words, this study accepts the contention that the spread of the Western-style accountancy profession across the globe, including Indonesia, was the consequence of global expansion of capitalism. However, the working and the extent of such influence is also shaped by alternative social structure(s) existing at the global level and/or emanating from the complexities of the Indonesian historical and societal context. To substantiate this argument, the study uses document analysis to understand the development of the Indonesian accountancy profession during the three main periods in its history. In the first period (1954-1966), the analysis shows that the Westernization of the accounting profession was compromised by Indonesian nationalism, ideological division amongst the Indonesian leaders and the Cold War. In the second period (1967-1997), the process was compromised by the oligarchic capitalism of the New Order political regime. The Westernization of the profession could only reach full speed after the 1997 Asian financial crisis, which has undermined the politico-business coalitions under the New Order that had prevented Indonesia from fully integrating into the global capitalist economic order.
17
Saleh, Fauzan. "The development of Islamic theological discourse in Indonesia : a critical survey of Muslim reformist attempts to sustain orthodoxy in the twentieth century." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=37830.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to trace the development of Islamic theological discourse in Indonesia, from the early 1900s to the end of the twentieth century. It will focus on how modernist Muslims have constructed their theological thought throughout the century, which, in turn, reflects their religious understanding in response to the particular demands of their age. The modernist theological thought constructed so far signifies a continuum of progress, developing from one stage to the next. Implicitly, this progress also indicates the improvement of Indonesian Muslims' understanding of their own religion, which may suggest the betterment of their commitment to doctrinal beliefs and religious practices. Therefore, this study will also examine the ways in which Indonesian Islam noticeably grows more orthodox through these forms of religious commitment. Drawing upon an Indonesian term, the growth of orthodox Islam is known as the santri cultural expansion, which, at least since the last two decades of the century, has been characterized by the vertical (and horizontal) mobility of devoted Muslims in political, cultural and economic enterprises. As well, this study will include a discussion of the theological thought underlying that santri cultural expansion.
18
Smyth, Helen. "Eocene to Miocene basin history and volcanic activity in East Java, Indonesia." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.417139.
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19
Wood, Michael John. "The historical past as a tool for nation-building in new order Indonesia /." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=84684.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study describes how the New Order regime created and used a particular version of the Indonesian past. This official past drew on the work of "the history industry" (archaeological and historical research) and is reflected in approved works of history writing. The New Order past can also be seen in textbooks and in what monuments the regime erected. The New Order chose to emphasize fourteenth century Majapahit empire; this hierarchical, Java-centred, Hindu empire was identified as the true ancestor of the present nation. Although Indonesia is overwhelmingly Muslim in population, subsequent Muslim advances were not stressed, except as part of the "palace culture" of Central Java, which was seen as an extension of Majapahit. Islam also provided its share of "national heroes" who fought against the Dutch colonialists. Dutch control, was looked upon with some ambiguity; the colonial regime was oppressive but it also provided stability. The Dutch were driven out during the 1945--1949 Revolution. The New Order gave credit for the Indonesian victory in this struggle to the military rather than to civilians such as Sukarno. The Revolution later took on a more radical character that culminated in an attempt on the part of the Indonesian Communist Party to seize power. The suppression of the September 30 Movement in 1965 was seen as a righting of the nation's proper path of development, a course that could in fact be traced back to Gajah Mada's Majapahit. Not all were impressed with this official history. A more Islamic "history in waiting," which differed significantly from that of the regime, was created by historians and archaeologists working within the New Order. This "ummat-oriented" past stressed long connections between Indonesia and the rest of the Muslim world. The New Order's past was used to foster national integration and the legitimacy of the regime itself. The fate of the Suharto Presidency might indicate that the past was utiliz
20
King, Blair Andrew. "Empowering the presidency interests and perceptions in Indonesia's constitutional reforms, 1999-2002 /." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1094750332.
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21
Hadi, Amirul. "Islam and state in seventeenth century Aceh." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36599.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present dissertation studies the Islamic nature of the Acehnese state in the seventeenth century---a subject much neglected by area scholars and Islamicists alike due to the hybrid nature of Southeast Asian Islam. It examines not only the state's Islamic institutions but also its political culture and policies towards Islam. The Acehnese theory of kingship during the period under study manifests a decidedly Islamic character. Deemed to possess both political and religions authority, the office of the sult&dotbelow;an was viewed as necessary and its incumbent responsible for both the prosperity of his people and the enforcement of Islamic dogma. The court's policies towards Islam, given outward expression in elaborate religious rituals and ceremonies, reveal an imperial tradition in which the ruler himself was the head of the Muslim state, despite the apparent admixture of Southeast Asian elements. Other more traditional Islamic institutions were also fundamental to the Acehnese state. The 'ulama' played a significant role in both the religions and political spheres, while Islamic law became a dominant part of the judicial system, alongside adat (customary law and royal edicts/tradition). Jihad as well served to define the ideology of the state. In spite of its Southeast Asian appearance, therefore, the Islamic nature of the Acehnese state was more evident than in many other Muslim states in the region, such as fifteenth-century Melaka and seventeenth-century Mataram, a situation induced by geography, historical Islam, and the nature of Acehnese tradition.
22
Zuhdi, Muhammad. "Political and social influences on religious school : a historical perspective on Indonesian Islamic school curricula." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=102775.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As the most populous Muslim country in the world, Indonesia has a unique experience in dealing with Islamic education, a system that was established years before the country's independence. This dissertation focuses on the development of Indonesian Islamic schools in facing the challenges of modernization and globalization, with special reference to their changing curricula. Using the social constructionist perspective as an approach, this study examines the significance of political and social changes to the development of Islamic schools' curricula throughout the country's history. This study finds evidences of a reciprocal relationship between the changing curricula of Indonesian Islamic schools and the changing social and political circumstances.
23
Prawiradinata, Muhamad Salmun. "Stability, elites and development policy in the new order Indonesia 1966-1983." Thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/111321.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
One of the most striking characteristics of Third World countries is
political instability. Although not all Third World states are politically unstable,
witness for example Saudi Arabia and Nepal, many nations of both
democratic and authoritarian leanings have experienced strong political
challenges in maintaining established political order and national unity. These
political challenges can take the forms of mass demonstration, riots or even
coups.
24
Adeney-Risakotta, Farsijana. "Politics, ritual and identity in Indonesia : a Moluccan history of religion and social conflict /." Yogyakarta : Farsijana Adeney-Risakotta, 2005. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40121498z.
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25
Regoli, François. "Integrating social formations into the world economy: The cases of Indonesia and Nigeria." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/10013.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The present study provides a framework which accounts for diverging patterns of development among economies of the "periphery". Economic development is viewed as the conversion of surplus into productive investment. The integration of developing social formations is based on the presence of a world competitive sector that generates surplus through export earnings. The state apparatus is responsible for creating favorable conditions for national economic development by establishing domestic distributive channels that permit surplus to be utilized productively. Differences in patterns of economic development between social formations are related to the extent to which conditions fostering the productive utilization of surplus have been established. The study compares and contrasts the political and economic experiences of Indonesia and Nigeria. These two cases possess notable similarities in regards to their productive structures and the composition of their societies. Both of their economies, subjected to the effects of a booming petroleum industry in the seventies, undergo profound socio-economic transformations. This analysis concentrates on the period between the two oil shocks, which extends roughly from 1973 to 1982. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
26
Zaini, Achmad. "Kyai Haji Abdul Wahid Hasyim : his contribution to Muslim educational reform and to Indonesian nationalism during the twentieth century." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0007/MQ43975.pdf.
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27
van, der Hoeven Mandy. "On the Wrong Side of History : The Dutch Apology to Indonesia for the Crimes of the War of Decolonization in Dutch Newspapers and Collective Memory." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Hugo Valentin-centrum, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-352384.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since the 1990s, it has become almost common practice for Western states to apologizefor the injustice they committed against other states or nations. This thesis investigatesthe debate surrounding such a political apology: the (possible) apology from theNetherlands to Indonesia for the crimes committed during the war of decolonization(1945–49). It examines whether Dutch national newspapers portrayed the apology, orthe possibility thereof, positively, negatively, neutrally or both positively andnegatively in the period between 1995 and 2013. Moreover, it examines whicharguments were used to support these evaluations. Using theories on political apologies,collective memory and the media’s relationship with the public, the findings from thenewspaper analysis are linked to the Dutch collective memory of the war ofdecolonization. The findings show that the examined newspapers changed theirevaluation of the (possible) apology from a negative to a positive one between 2005and 2011. Next, it was found that Indies-veterans and the violence perpetrated by theIndonesian side played important parts in the debate in all studied years. It is arguedthat the Dutch remembrance of the Indonesian war of decolonization switched from anunapologetic remembrance in 1995 and 2005 to an apologetic remembrance in 2011and 2013, indicating a re-appraisal of Dutch history within the public debate.
28
Scholte, Jan Aart. "A world-historical-sociological perspective on the course of decolonisation in Indonesia, 1945-1949." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327224.
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29
Said, Nurman. "Al-Ghazālī's works and their influence on Islam in Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 1992. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=56933.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis deals with al-Ghazali's works and their influence on Indonesian Islam, an influence which, to a considerable extent, has marked the nature of the religious life practiced by the majority of Indonesian Muslims from the very beginning of its history until today. Their influence can be seen in the fact that Indonesian Islam appears to be a harmonious reconciliation between both the esoteric life represented by Sufism (tasawwuf) and the exoteric life which manifests itself in ritual obligation (shari'a). This characteristic owes much to the availability of most of al-Ghazali's works in the languages which Indonesian Muslims understand well. Many of these works have in fact been published repeatedly since they have long been considered by most Indonesian Muslims to be significant sources from which they might improve their understanding of Islam. Having investigated most of al-Ghazali's works which have been known in Indonesia, it would appear that his mystical works have been more popular than any other aspect of his teachings. Finally, this study comes to the conclusion that al-Ghazali's works have played an important role in the development of Indonesian Sunni Islam which has its roots in many of his teachings.
30
Ropi, Ismatu. "Muslim responses to Christianity in modern Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
As Indonesian Muslim depictions of Christianity have varied over time, this study is an attempt to provide a brief survey of the Muslim attitudes towards Christianity in modern Indonesia. It will set the stage by first investigating the Muslim depiction of Christianity as found in the seventeenth century works of Nuruddin al-Raniri. It will go on to survey some aspects of Dutch colonial policy concerning Indonesian Islam and will cover Muslim responses to and perceptions of Christian doctrine in the Old Order and New Order periods. Some polemical writings from the two communities produced by such writers as Hendrik Kraemer, F. L. Bakker, A. Hassan, A. Haanie and Hasbullah Bakry will be examined in detail.This thesis will inquire into the connection between Indonesian Muslims' treatment of Christians, ranging from polemic and suspicion to dialogue and accommodation, and political events which occurred and religio-political policies adopted particularly in the New Order under Soeharto. Furthermore, this thesis will also discuss the works of Mukti Ali and Nurcholish Madjid who in recent years have called for the more objective and positive dialogue leading to practical cooperation between Muslims and Christians in Indonesia.
31
Parkinson, Christopher David. "The petrology, structure and geologic history of the metamorphic rocks of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361396.
Повний текст джерела
32
Supartono, Alexander. "Re-imag(in)ing history : photography and the sugar industry in colonial Java." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/11909.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis seeks to examine the ways that the success of the Dutch Empire at the turn of the twentieth century was represented and celebrated in the photographic albums of Dutch sugar industrialists in Java. It aims to show how the photographic practices that developed in the colony in parallel with its industrialisation informed the ways that the colony was imagined in the metropolis and the colony. Whether social portraiture, topographic studies or depictions of industrial machinery and infrastructure, the photographs of the sugar industry were part and parcel of a topical vernacular tradition that generated distinct visual themes in the development of popular photographic genres, and which reflected the cultural hybridity and social stratification of the local sugar world. This analysis is pursued through close reading of the photographic albums of the Pietermaat-Soesman family from the Kalibagor sugar factory in Java. These albums exemplify how the family albums of sugar industrialists retained the familiarity and cult value of the family album whilst illustrating the values and attitudes of the colonial industry and society. What is more, the Pietermaat-Soesman albums underline the significance of the albums' materiality; their story is not only one of images, but also a story of objects. I specifically pay attention to the role of photographers and commercial photo studios in the formulation of the pictorial commonplace of the sugar industry. It is the collaboration between sugar industrialists and colony-based photographers that reveals the social necessity, ideological constraints, pictorial conventions and cultural idioms of colonial industry and society in the Dutch East Indies. Largely understudied in both the Dutch and Indonesian histories of photography, this material, I argue, may problematise the ideological premises of ‘colonial' photography.
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Martyn, Elizabeth 1968. "Gender and nation in a new democracy : Indonesian women's organisations in the 1950s." Monash University, Dept. of Politics, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9112.
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Abidin, Hamdan Zainal. "Tectonic history and mineral deposits of the East-Central Kalimantan volcanic belt, Indonesia : a comparative study of the Kelian, Muyup and Masupa Ria gold deposits /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09pha1483.pdf.
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Syaroni, Mizan. "The Majlisul Islamil Ala Indonesia (MIAI) : its socio-religious and political activities (1937-1943)." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21270.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis investigates the activities of the Majlisul Islamil A`la Indonesia (MIAI), an Islamic federative organization of pre-independent Indonesia, elaborating in particular on the federation's socio-religious and political stance. Operating for only six years (1937--1943), the MIAI represented Muslim groups, as a counterpart to the "secularists," within the nationalist movement during both the final years of Dutch rule and the early stages of the Japanese occupation. The MIAI was established for the specific purpose of unifying the Islamic organizations---political and non-political, traditionalist and modernist alike---while at the same time reviving Muslim political and socio-religious strength after the decline of the Sarekat Islam, which had for almost fifteen years dominated the nationalist scene.The mission of the MIAI was seen by Muslims as a response to the threat posed by external forces. It reacted in particular against Dutch policies considered discriminatory by Muslims concerning matters involving Islamic belief and practice, such as marriage and education. The federation also took a strong stand regarding Christian polemic aimed at Islam and took part in Indonesian Muslim response. That the establishment of the MIAI was favored by most Islamic organizations attested to the strong sentiment among Indonesian Muslims for a common front, regardless of their differences on socio-religious and political issues. Together with the GAPI (Gabungan Partai Politik Indonesia or the Federation of Indonesian Political Parties) and the PVPN (Persatuan Vakbonden Pegawai Negeri, or the Association of Government Employees), the MIAI took part in demanding political reform on behalf of Muslim groups. Indeed, notwithstanding its short life span, the MIAI was a pioneer for national unity in general and Indonesian Muslim unity in particular.
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Jainuri, A. "The formation of the Muḥammadīyah's ideology, 1912-1942 /". Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34523.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis studies the formation of the basic ideology of the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah during the period 1912--1942, analyzing in particular the fundamental aspects of its religious and social beliefs. The words and deeds of its leaders were crucial during the period in forming the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah's ideology, for these alone provided the basis for the movement's program. Their religious outlook reflected the movement's philosophical view of this world and the role of reason in understanding religion. This view was marked by openness, tolerance, and pluralism in dealing with other ideas, and a belief in the salutary character of change. What set the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah apart from other reformist groups was its insistence that the way to revive belief in and observance of Islamic injunctions was not limited to merely purifying certain aspects of religious practice ('ibadah), especially khilafiyah (controversial) matters such as takhayyul (fancy), bid`ah (innovation), and khurafah (superstition), but in pursuing social reform in line with a theology of practical action. For the Muh&dotbelow;ammadiyah, basic Islamic teachings served to encourage social responsibility; religious principles thus underlay every action.
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Hasselgren, Johan. "Rural Batak, kings in Medan : The development of Toba Batak ethno-religious identity in Medan, Indonesia, 1912-1965." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teologiska institutionen, 2000. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-260.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study explores the history of the Toba Batak community in the city of Medan from1912 to 1965. The Toba Batak have traditionally lived in the rural interior highlands ofSumatra. In this region, their specific ethno-religious identity was developed. Thecrucial factor in the process was the activities and the theological convictions of theGerman Rhenish mission on which the Toba Batak themselves had a significant impact. During the first few decades of the 20th century the Toba Batak began to migrate to the plantation region on the east coast of Sumatra and its commercial entrepôt Medan.In this region, where the Malay Muslim culture was the local dominant culture, theystrove to fulfil their cultural ideals, among which the ideal of harajaon (kingdom) iscentral. The main analytical question pursued is: How did the Toba Batak ethno-religious identity develop in Medan, within the framework of the ethnic, religious, social andpolitical currents in the city? This question is analysed in terms of their changing relations to their area of origin,the interaction with other groups in Medan and the efforts of the Toba Batak to buildup their own organisations. The main focus is on the development of Christiancongregations, but the analysis also takes voluntary, political and women's organisationsinto account. The changing conditions for local ecumenical co-operation are alsoexplored. A wide selection of sources is used, such as missionary reports and correspondence, Dutch colonial records and Toba Batak written and oral sources. Most of these sources have not or only partly been employed in previous research.
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Putriana, Vima Tista. "Performance measurement of local government in Indonesia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2016. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6808/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study is about public sector performance measurement in the context of developing economies; more specifically, the study focuses on local government performance measurement systems as applied in Indonesia. Although there have been numerous research studies examining performance measurement, most empirical work has been undertaken in the context of developed economies. Performance measurement research in the milieu of developing economies is still very much underdeveloped and the progress is considerably much slower than those in developed economies. This study adopts an interpretive approach and applied case study research method in order, to develop an understanding of a) what drives the new performance measurement b) how it is designed and c) how it is used? The findings show that performance measurement in the context of developing economies tends to be driven by different reasons than compared to those developed economies. The findings also indicated developing economies encounter various challenges in designing and implementing performance measurement which eventually affected the use and usefulness of performance measurement. This study thus contributes to improve our understanding of the design, implementation and use of performance measurement in the context of developing economies. More specifically, it improves our understanding regarding (i) internal and external driving forces for performance measurement initiatives in the developing economies, (ii) the effectiveness of design, implementation and use, (iii) technical, organisational and institutional factors influencing design, implementation and use and the complex interactive effects of these three categories of factors, (iv) the interdependence between design, implementation and use, and (v) the complex conflicts of interest among different stakeholders in this context.
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Allerton, Catherine Lucy. "Places, paths and persons : the landscape of kinship and history in southern Manggarai, Flores, Indonesia." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367526.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What is the connection between people and the landscape that surrounds them? How do changes in that landscape affect social life? This study of a dual-sited village community in southern Manggarai (eastern Indonesia) argues that places and pathways are crucially implicated in the constitution of persons and social relationships. Manggarai life takes place within a complex and contested 'landscape' of kinship and history, in which state policies and religious conversion are leading people to reinterpret traditional notions of growth, fertility and the land. In considering this landscape, the study connects literature on the southeast Asian 'House' with the analysis of transformative journeys, and descriptions of village layout and sacred geography with the ethnography of family intimacy. Rooms are shown to be central to the constitution of households and notions of siblingship, whilst ordinary houses are egalitarian collections of rooms, and sites of ritual remembering. Clan identity is embodied in the drum house, but the significance of this 'House' as a social institution is changing under the influence of state cultural politics. Marriage is conceptualised as creating 'paths' of relatedness, and individual alliance connections are maintained by emotional journeys along these paths. Within origin villages, named fields and sacred, stone platforms are potent signs both in and of history, but their absence in recently settled villages contributes to the ritual 'emptiness' of these sites. History is also revealed in the landscape through topogenies that relate ancestral journeys from place to place, and through the growth of seedling villages. However, recent histories have created new interpretations of this landscape. In particular, people engage with their community's division between a highland site and a lowland, satellite village by 'swinging' between the power of 'the outside', and the authority of the centred, ancestral interior.
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ten, Brink Daniël. "From Colonialism to Fairtrade : Power Struggles Between Indonesia and the Netherlands Through the Perspective of Coffee." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Arkeologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-324403.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Since coffee was first introduced to Indonesia by Dutch merchants in the late seventeenth century, power relationships have shifted as a result of coffee trade between Indonesia and the Netherlands. In this thesis I analyse changes and recurrent themes in the struggles around coffee, structured around three main narratives spanning over 300 years: colonialism, Indonesian independence, and Fairtrade. The time-frames are chosen on the basis of significant development in the socio-economic and socio-political environment in the Indonesian coffee industry. The first narrative depicts the link between the Max Havelaar novel and the Max Havelaar Foundation, which sets the scene for bridging past and present in the triangular drama between coffee, colonialism and the Dutch-Indonesian relationship. In the second narrative, I will look at the history of relationships between Indonesia and the Netherlands, from the perspective of coffee. The inclusion of the lens of a feature or commodity, like coffee, provides a new approach to the Dutch-Indonesian history. The third narrative entails a discussion on the coffee supply chain, its environmental impact, and the price volatility that characterises the global coffee market. Additionally, the rise of sustainability certifications in the coffee sector are discussed, in relation to its impact on the Indonesian coffee industry. Finally, the three narratives come together in a final discussion, in which I reflect on the history of power struggles that arose from coffee trade between Indonesia and the Netherlands. The chapter links past and present by revealing similarities in the contest for power during colonial times and modern times in the Indonesian coffee industry.
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Rubino, Chiara. "Aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate : the case of Indonesia." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1997. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/108481/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In 1965 the New Order Government took office in Indonesia, following years of severe economic turmoil. Since then the Indonesian economy has performed well, owing much to large oil export revenues and appropriate economic policies. This thesis presents a study of the Indonesian economy focused on three main themes: aid, the public sector and the real exchange rate (RER). In particular, we emphasise aid effectiveness on fiscal behaviour and on the RER. The thesis is organised in five chapters. Chapter 1 presents a synthetic overview of the main episodes in Indonesian economic history. Chapter 2 reviews theoretical and empirical issues on aid. Chapter 3 presents a dynamic model of government behaviour aimed at assessing aid’s impact on fiscal budget and on other real variables in the Indonesian economy. Following Heller’s seminal contribution (1975) and White’s new insights (1993), we insert the government sector into a simple macroeconomic framework: a constrained utility maximising framework which allows for feedback effects through higher income and dynamic linkages. The model is tested for the Indonesian case over the period 1968-93 and the estimated parameters are used to carry out a simulation exercise. We conclude with a positive assessment of aid giving, provided it is given in loans. Loans are found to encourage tax collection, public and private investment and consumption. Exchange rate management has played a significant role in Indonesia as an instrument to ensure competitiveness during and after the oil boom. Chapter 4 analyses the behaviour of the RER for the Indonesian rupiah and offers a theoretical and statistical background. Unit root testing has been extensively used to test for stationarity. We have consistently rejected the hypothesis of RER stationarity, except in those cases in which the full sample series have been used and/or two breaks have been allowed. Chapter 5 presents a modelling approach to RER determination. Following Edwards (1989), we present an econometric model of the RER and develop an extension of it in terms of the Error Correction Mechanism (ECM). Central to the analysis is the role of fundamentals, in particular aid and the price of oil, in determining the RER. The estimated parameters are then used to construct the equilibrium RER in order to study RER misalignment. Simulations are also carried out to investigate the impact of exogenous shocks and policy options on the RER. Results show that the Indonesian RER suffered from misalignment especially during the oil boom and until the early 1990’s. We also find that aid and the real price of oil do matter: both act as fundamental determinants of RER behaviour and contribute to RER stability, a finding confirmed by the simulation exercise. Interestingly, aid and government consumption appear to influence in differences and not in levels the RER.
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Sastrawan, Wayan Jarrah Scheeres. "The Precarious Past: Historical Practices in Indic Java." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24930.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Java is a major Southeast Asian culture that was strongly influenced by Indic cultural forms between the fifth and fifteenth centuries CE. The Indic Javanese practised history. Their texts are crucial sources for the region’s past. In some ways, these texts satisfy our expectations of how history ought to be done, but in other ways, they defy them. There is a serious gap in our understanding of why the Indic Javanese practised history as they did.
This thesis addresses that gap. It puts forward and justifies an original theory of historical practice, by applying historical and philological methods to the inscriptions and manuscripts of Indic Java. The thesis presents extensive empirical evidence for Indic Javanese historical practices, furnished with new translations and interpretations of a wide range of textual sources. The key theoretical finding of the thesis is that historical practices are fundamentally shaped by the conditions in which texts are created, preserved, and transmitted. The thesis explains how textual forms, textual modes, and the materiality of texts played decisive roles in the practice of history. At the centre of this theory is the realisation that, for the Indic Javanese, the past was precarious. This precarity was due to the difficulty of preserving and accessing original written sources, which in turn generated contradictions within the historical tradition.
The findings of the thesis have significant implications. By understanding why the Indic Javanese practised history as they did, we can better interpret their texts and thereby improve our knowledge of Java’s history. These implications go beyond the Javanese case, because many other premodern societies pose similar challenges to our understanding of historical practice. The thesis thus makes innovative contributions to historical theory and methodology in general.
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Neilson, David John. "Christianity in Irian (West Papua)." University of Sydney, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1560.
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Juwono, Vishnu. "Berantas Korupsi : a political history of governance reform and anti-corruption initiatives in Indonesia 1945-2014." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2016. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3381/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This thesis examines the efforts to introduce governance reform and anti-corruption measures from Indonesia‘s independence in 1945 until the end of the Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono's (SBY's) presidency in 2014. It is divided into three main parts covering Sukarno‘s 'Old Order', Suharto's 'New Order', and the reform period. The first part discusses how the newborn state of Indonesia balanced asserting its independence with efforts at institution building. It analyzes the power struggle between the diametrically opposed nationalist camp led by Sukarno and the administrator camp led by Vice President Hatta. It also examines Army Chief General Nasution's push for anti-corruption initiatives under Sukarno's guided democracy. The second part analyzes the roots, causes and development of corruption under President Suharto. It looks at how, in the early period of the New Order, Suharto enacted a number of anticorruption policies in response to demands especially from students, how this political alliance ended as Suharto was able to consolidate his political authority, and how this undermined the checks-and-balances system. It also analyses the impact of the increasing corruption on Suharto‘s political capital as the Indonesian middle class demanded greater transparency and accountability, ultimately – along with 1997 Asia Financial crisis – leading to Suharto‘s downfall in May 1998. The third part of this thesis examines the efforts by the post-Suharto presidencies to tackle the legacy of corruption from the New Order period. It discusses the dynamics between the reformists within the executives and legislatures who worked together with civil society and the conservative/pro-status quo groups and oligarchs, as well as the impact of a more democratic political governance structure, the emergence of a free media, the greater freedom of expression, and the functioning of the most effective anti-corruption agency in Indonesia‘s modern history – the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK). This thesis advances three arguments: First, that despite all the rhetoric in championing the cause, governance reform was never seen as a long-term endeavor and therefore was never applied consistently from independence to the SBY era. Second, the anti-corruption drives predating the KPK in 2004 were mostly arbitrary, with limited impact, selective in nature, and politicized. Third, the establishment of the KPK changed the sense of impunity among the political elites, albeit only in a limited sense. On the one hand, that allowed the KPK to sustain and even accelerate the anti-corruption drive during the two terms of SBY's presidency but, on the other, it left the overall political, economic and social structure and with it the persistent institutional failure that induced and incubated the wave of corruption largely intact.
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Munhanif, Ali. "Different routes to Islamism: history, institutions and the politics of Islamic state in Egypt and Indonesia." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96697.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This dissertation examines patterns of Islamist political mobilization in Egypt and Indonesia. It focuses on the development of major political organizations formed in both countries whose primary goal is the establishment of Islamic state. By focusing on these organizations, this dissertation seeks to explain an analytical puzzle: why Egyptian and Indonesian Islamist movements develop along divergent patterns of mobilization?While the traditional focus of the literature is on Islam's cultural tenets and the structure of Muslim society, I argue that the most fundamental factors that have driven the variation in Islamist mobilization were the historical formation of particular types of organizations along with how the outcomes of this period developed over time. Different institutional settings in Egypt and Indonesia prior to the formation of modern political organizations intent on the creation of an Islamic state transformed similar Islamic ideology into different patterns of organizational constructs and programs for mobilization. This formative moment is of paramount importance because it had long-term political consequences. Based on this institutional framework, this dissertation identifies a typology of Islamist historical formation centered on the distinction between the "purist" Islamist movement in Egypt and "pragmatic-reform" oriented Islamist organizations in Indonesia.This dissertation also examines the relationship between institutional settings and Islamist politics over time. I analyze the history and institutional designs of the state as conditions that both constrained and yet enabled the interests and goals of leaders in Islamist movements. Periodization— defined broadly as the historical sequences of state formation — serves as an analytical framework with which to capture critical moments and actions of the competing groups, especially between Islamist actors and the state elite in response to a particular set of changes, over a defined period of time. By tracing these various paths of Islamist political responses and initiatives through the subsequent changes of state-Islamist relations, this dissertation seeks to offer a more nuanced, historically grounded, but analytically persuasive explanation of the alternative routes toward an Islamic state, in terms of organizational formation, political mobilization and transformation.Using an historical institutional theoretical framework to interrogate my findings, it is hoped that this dissertation will contribute to a larger debate in political science on Islam and politics, state building, and the historical process of conflict-resolution between the state regimes and Islamist political forces.Ce mémoire est consacré d'examiner des modèles de la mobilisation politique islamiste en Égypte et en Indonésie. Elle se concentre sur le développement des organisations politiques importantes formées dans les deux pays dont le but primaire est l'établissement de l'état islamique. En se concentrant sur ces organisations, cette thèse cherche à expliquer une énigme analytique : pourquoi les mouvements islamistes égyptiens et indonésiens se développent-ils selon les modèles divergents de la mobilisation? Tandis que l'objectif traditionnel de la littérature est sur les principes culturels et la structure de la société musulmane, je soutiens que les facteurs les plus fondamentaux qui ont conduit la variation de la mobilisation islamiste étaient la formation historique des types particuliers d'organisations avec la façon dont les résultats de cette période se sont développés avec le temps. Les différents cadres institutionnels en Égypte et en Indonésie avant la formation des organisations politiques modernes attentifs sur la création d'un état islamique ont transformé l'idéologie islamique semblable en différents modèles des constructions et des programmes d'organisation pour la mobilisation. Ce moment formateur est d'importance primordiale parce qu'il a eu des conséquences politiques à long terme. Basé sur ce cadre institutionnel, ce mémoire identifie une typologie de la formation historique islamiste portée sur la distinction entre le mouvement islamiste « puriste » en Égypte et « reforme- pragmatique » les organisations islamistes orientés en Indonésie.Ce mémoire examine également le rapport entre les cadres institutionnels et la politique islamiste avec le temps. J'analyse l'histoire et les conceptions institutionnelles de l'état comme conditions que tous les deux ont contraint mais ont permis les intérêts et les buts des chefs dans les mouvements islamistes. Périodisation- définie largement comme ordres historiques de formation d'état - servir comme un outil analytique avec lequel on peut capturer des moments et des actions critiques des groupes de concurrence, particulièrement entre les acteurs islamistes et l'élite d'état en réponse à les changements particulières, sur une période définie. En traçant ces divers chemins des réponses politiques islamistes et des initiatives par les changements suivants des relations d'état Islamiste, ce mémoire cherche à offrir une explication plus diversifiée, historiquement plus au sol, mais analytiquement persuasive des itinéraires alternatifs vers un état islamique, en termes de formation d'organisation, mobilisation politique et transformation. Utilisant un cadre institutionnel historique pour interroger mes conclusions, on 'espère que ce mémoire contribuera à un plus grand débat en sciences politiques sur l'Islam et la politique, l'établissement d'état, et le processus historique de l'être en conflit- résolution entre les régimes d'état et les forces politiques islamistes.
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Kray, Karen. "Operasi Lilin dan Ketupat: Conflict Prevention in North Sulawesi, Indonesia." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1149887464.
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Sun, Peter L. T. "A life under three flags." Thesis, View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/39145.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
I was born in the district village of Cilimus, a little mountainous place in the residency of Cirebon. Between five and nine years old I suffered from dysentery, typhus and eye disease which could have made me die or go blind. Praise be to God I recovered under the loving care of my parents. At that time the uprising of the PKI broke out and soon after the Indonesian Nationalist Party (PNI) was set up by Ir. Sukarno. From 1928 till 1932 Indonesia suffered from the Great Depression which caused much unemployment and business became very bad. At first my education was not a great success since my parents were hesitant in choosing between sending me to a Chinese school or a Dutch school. When I was successful in finishing at Dutch Primary School with good examination records I went to Solo and Yogyakarta to attend Dutch teachers’ Training College and a Dutch Theological College.
I had to leave school when the Japanese arrived. My family had to move to Kadugede, a remote village on the slope of Mount Ciremai, 45 km from the city of Cirebon. I could not continue my studies since all Dutch schools were closed. All the young people had to undergo military training or serve the Japanese Military by building airports and so on. I underwent Japanese Keibotai (Intelligence) military training in Linggajati, a mountainous village, 5 km from Cilimus. The Keibotai military training centre in Linggajati was headed by Mr. Watanabe who was a colonel and quite likely responsible to Colonel Kurija, chief of the Joohoobu (Intelligence Staff) of the 16th Army. Some other assistants to Watanabe were Akano, Fukuda and Tomita. The purpose of this training was to train the Chinese youth to become auxiliary Intelligence Staff. I had to flee to the military training dormitory when I was not permitted to go home in order to get engaged to my fiancée. When I came back to the military training I was punished by one week’s room arrest. One month after the arrest I heard that Japan had surrendered to the Allied Forces after suffering from atomic bombardments on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. I returned home on 15 August 1945. Two days later, 17 August 1945, Sukarno and Hatta proclaimed the independence of Indonesia. Native young people underwent military training to defend their country. The republic set up the people’s Security Body (BKR) which later become the People’s security Forces (TKR), the foundation of the current Indonesian Armed Forces. Somebody was slandering me and accused me of being a spy for the Japanese military. I had an interview with the council of the BKR of Kuningan which trusted me and set me free. On 10 March 1946 my fiancée and I celebrated our wedding party. When the Dutch occupied West Java I went to Batavia (Jakarta) to find a job and asked my parents, my wife and children to come over when I settled. In Jakarta I improved my knowledge and achieved several diplomas, and degrees in Languages and Business. For many years I worked as manager and managing director of several enterprises until I ran a transportation business where I had 50% share and was appointed Managing Director. The business was running smoothly until the abortive coup of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI). After the Communist coup and the rupia devaluation there came a slump in my business. I got a job at the National University as lecturer in English and Dutch. I also had private students in English, Dutch and Indonesian which became a good teaching business. But since I wanted to obtain a foreign degree, my wife and I migrated in 1983 to Australia. In this thesis I address the issue of the role of the Chinese in late colonial Indonesia. In many ways my family was typical of the Chinese as businesspeople and entrepreneurs. My attitudes to colonialism changed from enthusiastic admiration for the Dutch in my youth to a more nationalistic approach and embrace of the Indonesian Republic as a young man. While, like most Chinese, I was no supporter of Japan’s war aims, I was obliged to serve in Japanese-sponsored organisations and my analysis of the Japanese occupation is not entirely negative. This autobiographical analysis charts these important (and representative) changes in my attitudes, as well as providing a personal perspective on a crucial period in Indonesia’s history from the point of view of a representative member of a significant minority.
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Crawford, Oliver. "The political thought of Tan Malaka." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2019. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/287945.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In the course of a fairly brief lifetime, lasting only a little over fifty years (1897-1949), Tan Malaka was variously a schoolteacher, the chair of the Indonesian Communist Party (PKI), a Comintern agent, a political exile, and a revolutionary leader. He travelled the world, living for spells in the Netherlands, Germany, Russia, China, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Tan Malaka's colourful life and political career have attracted comment from historians, but there has not yet been an in-depth treatment of his ideas, even though he produced a large corpus of writings and was acknowledged to be among the foremost political intellects of his generation in Indonesia. This thesis is an analysis and contextualization of Tan Malaka's political thought. It places his writings within a series of contemporary debates: on the nature of the Indonesian past and the country's potential for revolution; on imperialism and the post-colonial future of Asia; on the relationship between Islam, capitalism, and Communism; on the reformation of Indonesian thinking; and on the appropriate strategy and goals for the Indonesian revolution. These debates, and Tan Malaka's interventions within them, reveal that Indonesia during the 'national awakening' period (1900-50) was the scene of great intellectual innovation, where foreign and indigenous concepts were fused, adapted and reworked. Tan Malaka's writings provide a particularly vivid example of this, combining as they do the concepts and language of Marxism, Islamic morality, and Minangkabau custom, sometimes in tension, in other places flowing together without apparent strain. Tan Malaka was not unique in this respect, as the thesis shows, which suggests that late- colonial Indonesia provides promising terrain for the 'global turn' in intellectual history, that seeks to understand the circulation, interaction and transformation of ideas across national and cultural boundaries, especially in the non-Western world.
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Westaway, Kira E. "Reconstructing the Quaternary landscape evolution and climate history of western Flores an environmental and chronological context for an archaeological site /." Access electronically, 2006. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070117.170105/index.html.
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Soon, Simon Sien Yong. "What is Left of Art? The Spatio‐Visual Practice of Political Art in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, and the Philippines, 1950s–1970s." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14186.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
What is Left of Art? begins with a simple question about the place of art during a period of great socio-political transformation. How did artists respond to the upheaval brought about by modern political changes? Where was art located in times of moral and political crises? In my research, I take the left-leaning political art movements in Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand and the Philippines as case studies, looking at the period from 1950s – 1970s. This thesis makes an original contribution to the critical inquiry of left-leaning political art through a comparative study that posits discursive affinity of this form of art practice across four countries that have hitherto not been considered collectively. Instead of focusing on analysing the meaning behind the works of art or simply providing a descriptive historical account of these movements, I have identified three domains of political art for productive inquiry. These are the organisation, the text and the street. While these components, and the artistic strategies explored within them, were not exclusive to Southeast Asian modern art, as demonstrated by the social art histories in many other different contexts, the specific conditions of post-war Southeast Asia produce a common historical experience. It underlines the significance of historical structure in shaping the character of politicisation of art in Southeast Asia. My thesis explores how these domains of political art could be understood as strategies explored by the cultural left to rethink received discourses and institutions of modern art in order to engender a different aesthetic paradigm centered on the commitment towards the people. Often these include re-imagining how art constituted a spatio-visual practice that shaped or intervened in modern urban spaces. The street in this sense represents a significant trope and site of engagement with a broader public. Through this reading, I hope to demonstrate the terms of artistic production through which I am able to make visible an archaeology of political and ideological pressures that shape the artistic modernities of post-war Southeast Asia.