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1
Spigliantini, Giorgia, Valentina Fabi, Marcel Schweiker, and Stefano Corgnati. "Historical buildings’ energy conservation potentialities." International Journal of Building Pathology and Adaptation 37, no. 3 (June 10, 2019): 306–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijbpa-12-2017-0062.
Анотація:
Purpose Today, about 30 per cent of European existing buildings can be entitled as “historical buildings”. Nowadays, their energy retrofit is important to reach the ambitious European CO2 emissions’ reduction objectives. The purpose of this paper is to outline a methodology to investigate the potential energy savings and the enhancement of historical buildings’ liveability by acting only on their operation, so that the building fabric could be maintained as much as possible as the original evidence. Design/methodology/approach The paper describes the framework’s theoretical phases and their application in two real case studies. The methodology was conceived with a pre-test and post-test design approach. Findings The research demonstrated that the elaborated methodology is flexible and allows the adoption of different energy retrofit strategies for the different cases. Research limitations/implications Limitations arise out of the circumstance that the methodology is based on occupants and technicians willingness to engage in the strategies, so it is not possible to quantify its efficacy ex ante. Practical implications Practical implications can be found in the way of addressing energy retrofit strategies through a user-centric approach with minimum impact on the building itself. Social implications At the same time, the methodology has a strong social aspect with its potential to change people’s attitudes towards energy usage and behaviour. Originality/value This study not only represents the first attempt of applying a systematic energy retrofit strategy based on occupants and technicians behavioural change in historic buildings, but also is one of the first studies dedicated to occupants’ comfort and behaviour assessment in this context.
2
Rosa, F. "Digital Twin solutions to historical building stock maintenance cycles." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1073, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1073/1/012013.
Анотація:
Abstract The purpose of this work is to provide a framework for the vulnerability of traditional historical buildings. Buildings that are not constrained and do not have a design obligation for minor energy retrofit interventions. The digitization of the construction sector can help to design interventions with Digital Twin methodologies that can be integrated into a single document that collects them as the Digital Building Logbook. We propose a definition of an innovative workflow that defines integrations and technological innovations in the historical building stock. In this work are presented operational proposals to ensure and increase the protection and conservation of the Italian historical building stock, trying to strengthen the activities of designers and companies for the reduction of seismic vulnerability in case of maintenance or energy retrofit.
3
Fung, Juan F., Siamak Sattar, David T. Butry, and Steven L. McCabe. "A predictive modeling approach to estimating seismic retrofit costs." Earthquake Spectra 36, no. 2 (February 2, 2020): 579–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8755293019891716.
Анотація:
This article presents a methodology for estimating seismic retrofit costs from historical data. In particular, historical retrofit-cost data from Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) 156 is used to build a generalized linear model (GLM) to predict retrofit costs as a function of building characteristics. While not as accurate as an engineering professional’s estimate, this methodology is easy to apply to generate quick estimates and is especially useful for decision makers with large building portfolios. Moreover, the predictive modeling approach provides a measure of uncertainty in terms of prediction error. The article uses prediction error to compare different modeling choices, including the choice of distribution for costs. Finally, the proposed retrofit-cost model is implemented to estimate the cost to retrofit a portfolio of federal buildings. The application illustrates how the choice of distribution affects cost estimates.
4
Mora, T. Dalla, F. Cappelletti, F. Peron, P. Romagnoni, and F. Bauman. "Retrofit of an Historical Building toward NZEB." Energy Procedia 78 (November 2015): 1359–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2015.11.154.
5
Tsoumanis, Georgios, João Formiga, Nuno Bilo, Panagiotis Tsarchopoulos, Dimosthenis Ioannidis, and Dimitrios Tzovaras. "The Smart Evolution of Historical Cities: Integrated Innovative Solutions Supporting the Energy Transition while Respecting Cultural Heritage." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 20, 2021): 9358. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169358.
Анотація:
Building retrofitting is seen as an efficient method for improving a building’s energy performance. On the other hand, when historical buildings are considered for this procedure, retrofitting gets more complicated. As historical buildings typically consist of low-performance building and energy systems, energy retrofits can be highly beneficial. However, not every retrofit technology can be installed in a historical building. In this paper, the study carried out for the implementation of Building-Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV) solutions in the Historic Centre of Évora is provided, within the framework of the European project POCITYF (Project H2020). The study took into consideration all the observations of the Regional Directorate of Culture of Évora and the administration of the involved schools (including the Association of Parents), the needs of the Municipality of Évora, and the capabilities of technology developers ONYX and Tegola. The proposed solutions aim at fulfilling all the guidelines for preserving the historic centre and achieving the positivity metrics agreed with the European Commission on the challenging and indispensable path to the decarbonisation of European cities.
6
Campagna, L. M., F. Carlucci, P. Russo, and F. Fiorito. "Energy performance assessment of passive buildings in future climatic scenarios: the case of study of the childcare centre in Putignano (Bari, Italy)." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012146.
Анотація:
Abstract The building sector is a primary target for GreenHouse Gas emissions mitigation efforts, as it accounts for 36% of final energy use. The most effective mitigation strategies include the energy retrofit of the existing building stock. Among existing buildings, particular attention should be paid to school buildings, which are among the most diffuse public buildings in Europe, most of them built decades ago, with a resulting high potential in terms of refurbishment effectiveness. Moreover, schools cover a social function and require high levels of indoor environmental quality. In this field, the research activity is intense, but retrofit strategies are still conceived considering historical weather data, which could not represent correctly present and future climate patterns, reducing the retrofit effectiveness. In this work, an energy retrofit to “Passivhaus standard” of a childcare centre located in the Mediterranean area is analysed through dynamic simulations. A post-retrofit building model is simulated using Typical Meteorological Year (TMY) and compared with the ones simulated in future weather scenarios, created using the morphing method. The analyses aim to assess if the technical solutions currently adopted on the basis of the TMY will lead to acceptable energy performance in future decades. Furthermore, a sensitivity analysis of different design solutions is performed, aiming to assess their effectiveness in future weather conditions.
7
Evangelisti, Luca, Claudia Guattari, Gabriele Battista, and Luciano Santarpia. "Influence of Shading and Transparent Surfaces on Historical Building Energy Retrofit." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.173.
Анотація:
This study aims to assess the influence of greenery shading and transparent surfaces on historical building’s energy demand under a retrofit point of view. To achieve this goal, the energy requirement of the whole building has been considered. In order to improve buildings energy efficiency several simulations have been performed. In particular, the effects of some interventions related to different windowed elements, characterized by progressively improved thermal properties, have been taken into account.
8
Huang, Chao Hsun, Shih Hsun Yin, and Shun Chou. "Seismic Assessment of a Historical Masonry Building." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 814–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.814.
Анотація:
To revitalize a historical building, the Taipei Camphor Factory, a major renovation is being coordinated by National Taiwan Museum. As part of the project, a seismic assessment was conducted to ensure the structural safety of the building. A three-dimensional finite-element analysis was carried out based on material data collected from the field, and it was found out that both the as-is building and the current retrofit plan would not provide adequate seismic capacity. To resolve this problem, an shear walls scheme was configured and seemed to yield a much better performance.
9
Miani, Marco, Caterina Di Marco, Giada Frappa, and Margherita Pauletta. "Effects of Dissipative Systems on the Seismic Behavior of Irregular Buildings—Two Case Studies." Buildings 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2020): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10110202.
Анотація:
Conservation of heritage buildings has become a very important issue in many countries, as it is in Italy, where a great number of existing buildings of historical–artistic importance are seismically vulnerable. To improve existing building behavior, researchers focus on the design of retrofit interventions. This paper presents the application of energy dissipation devices in the retrofit of two existing Reinforced Concrete (RC) buildings, both irregular in plan and along their heights, designed for gravitational loads only. These buildings are representative of Italian public housing built in the 1960s and early 1970s. Technical information and mechanical properties of materials are presented, and non-linear analyses are carried out to evaluate the buildings’ behavior under earthquake loads. Many of their structural members do not satisfy the verifications required by the Italian Building Code. Retrofit interventions with buckling-restrained axial dampers in one building and viscous fluid dampers in the other are proposed. The verifications of the retrofitted buildings and the amount of the energy absorbed by the devices with respect to that absorbed by the unretrofitted buildings show the effectiveness of the proposed interventions. Moreover, it is demonstrated that adequate dispositions of the dissipative devices in plan and along the height increase the torsional stiffness of the buildings, improving their structural response under seismic action.
10
Desogus, Giuseppe, Emanuela Quaquero, Giulia Rubiu, Gianluca Gatto, and Cristian Perra. "BIM and IoT Sensors Integration: A Framework for Consumption and Indoor Conditions Data Monitoring of Existing Buildings." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 17, 2021): 4496. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084496.
Анотація:
The low accessibility to the information regarding buildings current performances causes deep difficulties in planning appropriate interventions. Internet of Things (IoT) sensors make available a high quantity of data on energy consumptions and indoor conditions of an existing building that can drive the choice of energy retrofit interventions. Moreover, the current developments in the topic of the digital twin are leading the diffusion of Building Information Modeling (BIM) methods and tools that can provide valid support to manage all data and information for the retrofit process. This paper shows the aim and the findings of research focused on testing the integrated use of BIM methodology and IoT systems. A common data platform for the visualization of building indoor conditions (e.g., temperature, luminance etc.) and of energy consumption parameters was carried out. This platform, tested on a case study located in Italy, is developed with the integration of low-cost IoT sensors and the Revit model. To obtain a dynamic and automated exchange of data between the sensors and the BIM model, the Revit software was integrated with the Dynamo visual programming platform and with a specific Application Programming Interface (API). It is an easy and straightforward tool that can provide building managers with real-time data and information about the energy consumption and the indoor conditions of buildings, but also allows for viewing of the historical sensor data table and creating graphical historical sensor data. Furthermore, the BIM model allows the management of other useful information about the building, such as dimensional data, functions, characteristics of the components of the building, maintenance status etc., which are essential for a much more conscious, effective and accurate management of the building and for defining the most suitable retrofit scenarios.
11
Guattari, Claudia, Gabriele Battista, Luca Evangelisti, Aldo Fanchiotti, and Luciano Santarpia. "Energy Retrofit of Historical Buildings Based on Windowed Elements." Applied Mechanics and Materials 737 (March 2015): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.737.154.
Анотація:
The study of the building energy performance is based on simplified procedures that estimates the energy demand using monthly values of environmental parameters. It is well known that it is possible to use advanced dynamic softwares able to analyze the real building’s behavior along time. For this reason in this study a historical building energy retrofit has been performed through a dynamic software considering the influence of different kind of windowed elements on the annual energy demand. Four simulations, taking into account transparent elements characterized by progressively improved properties of thermal transmittance and solar gain factor, have been performed. The results obtained have been analyzed and compared.
12
Proskurnina, Olga, Ulrich Pont, Matthias Schuss, Christian Sustr, Ernst Heiduk, Peter Schober, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "High-Tech Solutions for Building Retrofit: Investigation of Window Systems with Vacuum Glazing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 824 (January 2016): 437–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.824.437.
Анотація:
The retrofit of the historical building stock has gained significance due to energy efficiency requirements in the building sector. Major attention is drawn to windows as they are typically the building components with the highest heat transfer coefficient of the building envelope. Therefore, vacuum glazing is a potential option for improving the thermal performance of casement windows. In this context, specific considerations regarding building physics and heritage protection regulations are required.The present contribution describes the current progress of the research project VIG-SYS-RENO. New double glazing products with durable vacuum layer are emerging on the market. Such developments can be regarded as a major step toward energy-efficient windows with U-values close to conventional opaque building elements. Small thickness and excellent thermal resistance of vacuum insulation glazing renders it an attractive option in thermal retrofit of historical buildings. Vacuum glazing systems could potentially offer a feasible balance between conservation and thermal performance of windows. However, prior to any application, a set of aspects and potential issues have to be assessed and explored. These include: (i) thermal bridging effects in different joint positions, for instance the glass edge seal and the frame & wall joint; (ii) the positioning of tight layers in composite or casement windows; (iii) aspects of structural integrity of windows equipped with vacuum glazing. The present contribution structures the different aspects that need to be considered in utilization of vacuum glazing in thermal retrofit, describes applied evaluation methods, first results of the ongoing research project, and illustrates the influence of various rebate depth and length of the edge seal on thermal transmission of the window.
13
Battista, Gabriele, Emanuele de Lieto Vollaro, Paweł Ocłoń, and Roberto de Lieto Vollaro. "Retrofit Analysis of a Historical Building in an Architectural Constrained Area: A Case Study in Rome, Italy." Applied Sciences 12, no. 23 (December 1, 2022): 12305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122312305.
Анотація:
A significant portion of Europe’s historical buildings have significant potential for energy efficiency. Social policy is typically opposed to energy retrofits because it is concerned about damaging historical or cultural sites. Contrarily, there are several approaches to energy efficiency that may be used with historic structures while also retaining the region’s architectural constraints. The findings of this study demonstrate that historical structures, which are typically not targets of energy efficiency technology because of architectural constraints on the building or in the neighbourhood, may also achieve a meaningful decrease in energy usage and GHG emissions. The significant energy-saving capability of this type of building is emphasized in the historical structure taken into consideration. The historical building object of the present study was built in the beginning of the 1900s and it was selected by the Ministry of Culture for energy efficiency improvements.
14
Sorace, Stefano, and Gloria Terenzi. "Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Historical Churches." Structural Engineering International 12, no. 4 (November 2002): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686602777965126.
15
Baborska-Narożny, M., M. Laska, N. Fidrów-Kaprawy, and M. Malyszko. "Circadian winter thermal profiles and thermal comfort in historical housing — field study." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2069, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2069/1/012081.
Анотація:
Abstract In winter thermally inefficient building envelopes of pre-retrofit historical housing allow for ca. sevenfold higher heat loss from heated apartments than the new built housing in Poland. As a result space heating in pre-retrofit tenements is regarded to be highly energy demanding and costly if the internal temperatures were to be kept on average at standard 20 °C assumed in building regulations. In this field study, carried out in January-March 2020, we investigated circadian thermal profiles and the associated thermal comfort in historical tenements both pre-and post-retrofit. The 16 apartments participating in our research were equipped with heating systems prevalent in Polish urban historical buildings, i.e. solid fuel stoves, electric heating, district-supplied central heating, or individual gas boilers. The former systems provided intermittent local heating while the latter central heating with thermostats. Our research comprised spot check multi-parameter measurements and continuous monitoring of the thermal environment, together with a longitudinal thermal comfort questionnaire survey (N=.2539), energy consumption analysis and semi-structured interviews with the residents. The differences detected in average (12.6°C) and range (up to 5.0°C) of diurnal temperatures did not explain the thermal comfort survey results on individual thermal sensations and preferences. What proved more important for the residents was the time of day when the maximum or minimum temperatures occurred and their perceived control over temperature and the cost associated with heating. Accordingly, we identified a need for further studies investigating the link between domestic thermal comfort and satisfaction with the usability of the heating system and control over the cost of heating.
16
Aien, Samira, Mahnameh Taheri, Sarin Pinich, Matthias Schuss, and Ardeshir Mahdavi. "Predictive Performance of Hygro-Thermal Simulation Models: A Case Study." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 401–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.401.
Анотація:
In recent years, many researchers have focused on the energy efficiency and performance of existing buildings. In order to predict the hygrothermal performance and minimize the risk of moisture damage in retrofit cases, user-friendly moisture calculation tools have been developed. However, concerns have been raised as to how to increase the reliability of such tools. In this context, the present study uses simulation to investigate the retrofit potential of the historical building façades via application of silica aerogels on the external walls. Monitored data provided the basis for generation of a more accurate initial simulation model, as well as the evaluation of the predictive performance of the model.
17
Borowski, Marek, Piotr Mazur, Sławosz Kleszcz, and Klaudia Zwolińska. "Energy Monitoring in a Heating and Cooling System in a Building Based on the Example of the Turówka Hotel." Energies 13, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13081968.
Анотація:
The energy consumption of buildings is very important for both economic and environmental reasons. Newly built buildings are characterized by higher insulation and airtightness of the building envelope, and are additionally equipped with technologies that minimize energy consumption in order to meet legal requirements. In existing buildings, the modernization process should be properly planned, taking into account available technologies and implementation possibilities. Hotel buildings are characterized by a large variability of energy demand, both on a daily and a yearly basis. Monitoring systems, therefore, provide the necessary information needed for proper energy management in the building. This article presents an energy analysis of the Turówka hotel located in Wieliczka (southern Poland). The historical hotel facility is being modernized as part of the project to adapt the building to the requirements of a sustainable building. The modernization proposal includes a trigeneration system with a multifunctional reverse regenerator and control module using neural algorithms. The main purpose is to improve the energy efficiency of the building and adapt it to the requirements of low-energy buildings. The implementation of a monitoring system enables energy consumption to be reduced and improves the energy performance of the building, especially through using energy management systems and control modules. The proposed retrofit solution considers the high energy consumption, structure of the energy demand, and limits of retrofit intervention on façades.
18
Thakur, Rupendra, and Balwinder Lallotra. "Seismic evaluation and retrofit of existing structures in Nepal." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1326, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1326/1/012041.
Анотація:
Abstract In Nepal, there are roughly 82,000 structures that are home to over 33,000 schools, of which over 60,000 need seismic upgrading. National and worldwide communities are becoming more aware of the necessity of enhancing buildings earthquake safety. The experiences, difficulties, and lessons discovered while conducting a school retrofitting program in Nepal are highlighted in this study using repeatable models. This report covers the experiences, difficulties, and lessons discovered while conducting a building retrofitting program in Nepal using replicable models. The article offers ideas for the structural repair and/or strengthening of structures located in Nepal that are exposed to a 7+ magnitude earthquake that is anticipated to strike the city. Historical masonry structures were built with more traditional mortars, such as lime, surkhi, mix, etc. An adequate repair and restoration of the structure’s stability was carried out following the first survey and structural analysis in the SAP2000 program, which was followed by an appropriate retrofitting approach. Unreinforced masonry (URM ), We can confirm that masonry structures that were built in poor compliance with building codes, poor construction practices, poor construction materials, inadequate joint connections, and houses with stories added up to satisfy the expanding family in core urban areas suffered significant damages during earthquakes by observing the characteristics of structures that failed to withstand the ground shaking. The 2015 earthquake caused significant damage to historical masonry structures in addition to residential building
19
Queirós, Dóris, Rui Calejo Rodrigues, and Nelson Pereira. "Historical building acoustical retrofit: An experimental examination of traditional wooden floors." Building Acoustics 23, no. 3-4 (September 2016): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1351010x16674945.
20
El-Borgi, S., H. Smaoui, F. Casciati, K. Jerbi, and F. Kanoun. "Seismic evaluation and innovative retrofit of a historical building in Tunisia." Structural Control and Health Monitoring 12, no. 2 (2005): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/stc.55.
21
Formisano, Antonio, Nicola Chieffo, and Generoso Vaiano. "Seismic Vulnerability Assessment and Strengthening Interventions of Structural Units of a Typical Clustered Masonry Building in the Campania Region of Italy." GeoHazards 2, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 101–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geohazards2020006.
Анотація:
The present paper aims at inspecting the structural behaviour of a typical masonry aggregate located in the historical centre of Cercola, a municipality in the province of Naples. The clustered building under study consists of four structural units mutually connected to each other made of tuff stone and deformable floors. Two distinct structural units, namely in heading and intermediate places, in both isolated and aggregate conditions, are examined to estimate the influence of structural positions on the global seismic response of the examined case study buildings. For this purpose, non-linear static analyses are performed using the 3MURI software. Pushover analyses are conducted to both evaluate the seismic behaviour of examined structural units and improve their earthquake performances while considering proper retrofit interventions on vertical and horizontal structures. The analysis results are plotted in terms of risk factor, stiffness, and ductility. Finally, a set of fragility functions are derived to point out the structural response of the case study buildings before and after retrofit interventions. From the achieved results, it is highlighted that retrofit interventions improve the structural performances of the buildings, especially those of structural units in aggregate conditions.
22
Piselli, Cristina, Alessio Guastaveglia, Jessica Romanelli, Franco Cotana, and Anna Laura Pisello. "Facility Energy Management Application of HBIM for Historical Low-Carbon Communities: Design, Modelling and Operation Control of Geothermal Energy Retrofit in a Real Italian Case Study." Energies 13, no. 23 (December 1, 2020): 6338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13236338.
Анотація:
The highest challenge of energy efficiency of building stock is achieving improved performance in existing buildings and, especially, in heritage buildings which per se are characterized by massive limitations against the implementation of the most sophisticated solutions for energy saving. In Italy, historical buildings represent more than 30% of the building stock and the vast majority require energy retrofit, while ensuring the preservation of the heritage value and acceptable comfort conditions. In this context, historical buildings must be retrofitted and re-functioned by introducing innovative technologies aimed at reducing energy consumption and improving human comfort, health, and safety. To this aim, this study implements the Historic Building Information Modeling (HBIM) approach for the integrated modeling, monitoring, management, and maintenance of a novel geothermal system involving horizontal ground source heat exchangers (GHEXs) coupled to an adsorption heat pump for the energy refurbishment of historical buildings. In detail, a rural building part of a medieval complex in Perugia, Central Italy, is considered as a pilot case study. The analysis stresses the potential of the Facility Management (FM) applications of HBIM to provide a tool for the human-centric operational management control of the building energy performance and indoor comfort when combined with the building monitoring and supervision system. Therefore, this integrated HBIM approach may drive the path towards the user-centric re-functioning of heritage buildings.
23
Crum, Ambrosia, Deidre Brown, Tūmanako Fa'aui, Naomi Vallis, and Jason M. Ingham. "Seismic retrofitting of Māori wharenui in Aotearoa New Zealand." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2155 (August 19, 2019): 20190003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2019.0003.
Анотація:
The design of Māori wharenui (meeting houses), refined over the last 180 years, has given rise to a distinctive typology that demonstrates an understanding of tectonic-narrative expression. It is a visual codex designed to be read. Set within the context of pre-disaster readiness, this current study investigated the resilience of Māori buildings and communities through a dual interpretation of seismic, regulatory and historical frameworks. The literature on Māori building technologies scarcely addresses matters of resilience and there is currently no formalized methodology to guide wharenui seismic retrofit practice. Through a macro level analysis of recently completed retrofit projects, this current study identified issues present in current practice. The resulting research presented a pathway for the future development of an approach (to inform methodologies) and strategy (to build capability) founded on the recognition of wharenui as a new category of building within building regulations. It is also recommended that research continues to develop alternative engineered solutions, expert knowledge bases and best practice guidelines. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Environmental loading of heritage structures’.
24
Zagorskas, Jurgis, Gražvydas Mykolas Paliulis, Marija Burinskienė, and Jūratė Venckauskaitė. "Energetic Refurbishment of Historic Brick Buildings: Problems and Opportunities." Scientific Journal of Riga Technical University. Environmental and Climate Technologies 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2013-0012.
Анотація:
Abstract Building standards for energy effectiveness are increasing constantly and the market follows these changes by constructing new buildings in accordance with standards and refurbishment of the existing housing stock. Comprehensive trends in European construction market show tremendous increase in building retrofit works. It can be predicted that after the end of this decade, more than half of the construction works in European cities will be taking place in existing buildings, pushing the construction of new buildings to a less important role. Such a growth in building refurbishment works is creating a demand for suitable materials, retrofitting techniques and research. The differences between refurbishment of new-build projects and historical or valuable buildings are insufficiently recognized - mostly the buildings without further cultural preservation requirements are studied. This article covers the theme of refurbishment measures in historical buildings - the specific measures like inside insulation which are allowed due to the valuable façade or other heritage preservation requirements. An overview of other innovative methods for energy saving in existing buildings and their potential is given.
25
Garay-Martinez, Roberto, Beñat Arregi, Mikel Lumbreras, Belén Zurro, Jose Manuel Gonzalez, and Jose Luis Hernandez. "Data driven process for the energy assessment of building envelope retrofits." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 25001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017225001.
Анотація:
In the last decades, a growing industry has been created in relation to building envelope retrofits. Linked to the lack of financial capacity of many building owners, innovative instruments such as energy performance contracts have been promoted by public bodies. This kind of instruments require of detailed energy assessment processes in order to define the expected heat load reduction and the associated economic flows between building owners and Energy Services Companies. When dealing with building envelopes, existing methods for building envelope heat loss characterization require of substantial efforts in terms of equipment and time, which makes them difficult to apply in real practice. In this paper, a novel method is proposed based on whole-building heat load assessment by means of heat meters, and analytical calculations of building envelope transmission heat load coefficients. This method, which requires minimal or no additional equipment, can be used over historical data from District Heating systems. It assigns a specific load fraction to building envelope heat transfer and allows to assess the expected reduction due to the building envelope retrofit. Numerical and experimental data is presented based on an educational building in the city of Burgos, Spain.
26
Piselli, Cristina, Jessica Romanelli, Matteo Di Grazia, Augusto Gavagni, Elisa Moretti, Andrea Nicolini, Franco Cotana, Francesco Strangis, Henk J. L. Witte, and Anna Laura Pisello. "An Integrated HBIM Simulation Approach for Energy Retrofit of Historical Buildings Implemented in a Case Study of a Medieval Fortress in Italy." Energies 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2020): 2601. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13102601.
Анотація:
The Italian building stock consists of buildings mainly constructed until the mid-20th century using pre-industrial construction techniques. These buildings require energy refurbishment that takes into account the preservation of their architectural heritage. In this view, this work studies an innovative integrated modelling and simulation framework consisting of the implementation of Historical Building Information Modeling (HBIM) for the energy retrofit of historical buildings with renewable geothermal HVAC system. To this aim, the field case study is part of a medieval complex in Central Italy (Perugia), as representative ancient rural offshore architecture in the European countryside. The system involves of a ground source heat pump, a water tank for thermal-energy storage connected to a low-temperature radiant system, and an air-handling unit. The building heating energy performance, typically influenced by thermal inertia in historical buildings, when coupled to the novel HVAC system, is comparatively assessed against a traditional scenario implementing a natural-gas boiler, and made inter-operative within the HBIM ad hoc platform. Results show that the innovative renewable energy system provides relevant benefits while preserving minor visual and architectural impact within the historical complex, and also in terms of both energy saving, CO2 emissions offset, and operation costs compared to the traditional existing system. The integrated HBIM approach may effectively drive the path toward regeneration and re-functioning of heritage in Europe.
27
De Vita, Mariangela, Raffaella D’Antonio, and Antonio Mannella. "Energy consumption and seismic retrofitting interventions in the architectural heritage: building performance simulations of a historical building in Italy." MATEC Web of Conferences 282 (2019): 02099. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201928202099.
Анотація:
This study focuses on retrofit interventions that allow a seismic improvement of the Architectural Heritage whose critical aspects are conservation and enhancement of existing buildings. During the last decades, designers and researchers have invested in the technical development of seismic retrofitting interventions with the aim of improving the structural performances in a cost-effective way without sacrificing the aesthetical aspects of valuable buildings. Moreover, recent research on historical masonry provided important references and data on the advantages of these interventions in the Architectural Heritage protection. Despite the technological progress, seismic interventions in terms of environmental performance still represent a critical issue, so it is essential to assess their effects on energetic behaviour. The aim of the research is to evaluate the effects of most used seismic retrofitting interventions on energy performance of a masonry historical buildings. The Authors present and analyse the hypothesis of seismic interventions applied on the masonry of a historical building located in the town of L’Aquila and severely damaged by an earthquake that in 2009 struck Abruzzo County, in Italy. The study includes results of building performance simulations (BPS) of the entire building, carried out with the software “Design Builder”, which allows the assessment of the seismic interventions from the environmental point of view on the basis of the variation of energy consumption and the internal comfort.
28
Mazzola, Elena, Tiziano Dalla Mora, Fabio Peron, and Piercarlo Romagnoni. "An Integrated Energy and Environmental Audit Process for Historic Buildings." Energies 12, no. 20 (October 17, 2019): 3940. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12203940.
Анотація:
The valorization and sustainable management of historic centers is a topic relevant to the cultural identity and heritage of European cities. A rational strategy to preserve the centers must consider both energy and environmental retrofitting, even if this is a complex issue requiring interdisciplinary approaches, dedicated diagnostic procedures, and specific tools. Within this context, this paper proposes an integrated method for energy and environmental analysis specifically devoted to historical building retrofit. Attention is focused on cases in which building management is not interested in renovation or in a deep conservation project, but instead in green management and maintenance overhaul. The basis of the procedure is the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Existing Buildings: Operations and Maintenance (LEED O+M) rating protocol. The global goal was the definition of an intervention strategy indicating the principal direction of action. The first step is identifying critical issues in the operation of the building through energy diagnosis and dynamic thermophysical simulations. The second step is defining a panel of appropriate retrofit measures. The third step is choosing between alternatives to increase the sustainability performance following an environmental assessment scheme. Ca’ Rezzonico in Venice (Italy), a 17th-century palace, nowadays the seat of a museum, was used as a case study to apply the proposed methodology.
29
Bakonyi, Dániel, and Gábor Becker. "Possibilities of Simulations in the Planning of the Retrofit of Historical Double Skin Windows." Advanced Materials Research 899 (February 2014): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.899.155.
Анотація:
The original windows of historical buildings represent a significant part of their architectural character and thus the cultural heritage; therefore their preservation should be a high priority. Most of the historical windows in central Europe are double skinned, and for the planning of their retrofit a good understanding of the underlying building physics of such constructions is needed. This is not a trivial question, since these double skin windows differ greatly from most contemporary constructions. It is presented in the article that the low aspect ratio and the large interpane distance results in a turbulent convection with strong vertical temperature stratification in the cavity. This, in combination with the constant air in-and exfiltration through the cavity creates a strong coupling between all the thermal and mass flows through the window and makes questions like what are the exact heat losses through transmission and ventilation hard to answer. An overview is given of the different calculation models that are currently used to calculate glazing area and window heat transfer and their usability for historical double skin windows is evaluated.
30
Vallati, Andrea, Miriam Di Matteo, and Costanza Vittoria Fiorini. "Retrofit Proposals for Energy Efficiency and Thermal Comfort in Historic Public Buildings: The Case of the Engineering Faculty’s Seat of Sapienza University." Energies 16, no. 1 (December 23, 2022): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010151.
Анотація:
The building sector greatly contributes to energy consumption and Greenhouse Gas emissions, relating to the whole building life cycle. Boasting a huge building heritage of historical and architectural value, Europe faces challenging retrofit perspectives, as the potential for high energy efficiency has to be exploited while preserving the buildings’ original characteristics. The present work aims to feature the influence of a passive strategy on a heritage building in a mild climate. As historical its façade cannot be modified, its large glazing areas involve multiple issues, such as an increase in the heating (QH) and cooling (QC) energy demands and the risk of thermal discomfort. Thus, window replacement was proposed for retrofitting. A dynamic simulation model in TRNSYS was validated with experimental data collected by the continuous monitoring of walls of different thicknesses and orientations. Solutions from replacement with Double Glazing Units (DGUs) with improved thermal insulation, to internal shading activation were applied. All configurations were compared in terms of QH, QC, thermal performance of the building and user comfort (Fanger). Low-e DGU enabled the saving of up to 14% of the annual energy demand, and shading also offered good results in summer, reducing QC by 19%. In summer, DGU involved a maximum PPD reduction of 10 units.
31
Krarti, Moncef. "Evaluation of Energy Efficiency Potential for the Building Sector in the Arab Region." Energies 12, no. 22 (November 9, 2019): 4279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12224279.
Анотація:
The paper overviews the current energy demand trends in the building sector for the Arab region using reported historical energy consumption. Moreover, the paper describes the current energy efficiency policies and regulations for all the Arab countries specific to both residential and commercial buildings. Finally, the paper evaluates potential benefits for large-scale energy efficiency programs specific to new and existing building stocks within the Arab region using a bottom-up analysis approach. The analysis of the available energy consumption for all the Arab countries has shown that the Arab region presents a significant variation in energy consumption levels between its sub-regions and countries. Indeed, the Arab region includes oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia with the largest energy use per capita in the World with over 9000 kWh/person of electricity used annually in buildings. However, the same region has the least developed countries such as Sudan and Yemen with the lowest energy use per capita in the World with barely 100 kWh/person/year of electrical consumption. The review of the existing regulations has indicated that several Arab countries have not implemented any energy efficiency codes and standards for building envelope, lighting, heating and cooling equipment, and appliances. A cost-effectiveness analysis has indicated that the Arab region can incur significant benefits in upgrading the energy efficiency of its new and existing buildings especially its households. Specifically, the adoption and the enforcement of stringent energy efficiency codes for new residential and commercial buildings can result in a reduction of 12.7 TWh/year in final annual energy consumption for the Arab region. Moreover, retrofit programs targeting existing buildings can save up to 470 TWh or a third of the building sector final energy consumption per year after 2030. Combining comprehensive energy efficiency requirements for new buildings and extensive retrofit programs for existing buildings would reduce the total final energy consumption of the building sector in the Arab region by 600 TWh by 2030 and by 900 TWh by 2050 if all the energy programs start to be implemented by 2020.
32
Marincioni, Valentina, Virginia Gori, Ernst Jan de Place Hansen, Daniel Herrera-Avellanosa, Sara Mauri, Emanuela Giancola, Aitziber Egusquiza, Alessia Buda, Eleonora Leonardi, and Alexander Rieser. "How Can Scientific Literature Support Decision-Making in the Renovation of Historic Buildings? An Evidence-Based Approach for Improving the Performance of Walls." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 19, 2021): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042266.
Анотація:
Buildings of heritage significance due to their historical, architectural, or cultural value, here called historic buildings, constitute a large proportion of the building stock in many countries around the world. Improving the performance of such buildings is necessary to lower the carbon emissions of the stock, which generates around 40% of the overall emissions worldwide. In historic buildings, it is estimated that heat loss through external walls contributes significantly to the overall energy consumption, and is associated with poor thermal comfort and indoor air quality. Measures to improve the performance of walls of historic buildings require a balance between energy performance, indoor environmental quality, heritage significance, and technical compatibility. Appropriate wall measures are available, but the correct selection and implementation require an integrated process throughout assessment (planning), design, construction, and use. Despite the available knowledge, decision-makers often have limited access to robust information on tested retrofit measures, hindering the implementation of deep renovation. This paper provides an evidence-based approach on the steps required during assessment, design, and construction, and after retrofitting through a literature review. Moreover, it provides a review of possible measures for wall retrofit within the deep renovation of historic buildings, including their advantages and disadvantages and the required considerations based on context.
33
Balocco, Carla, and Alessandro Colaianni. "Modelling of Reversible Plant System Operations in a Cultural Heritage School Building for Indoor Thermal Comfort." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 19, 2018): 3776. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103776.
Анотація:
The aim of our present research is to investigate possible solutions for the achievement of indoor comfort with the absence of any draft risks in the occupied zones of Cultural Heritage school building. A simple method for sustainable, reversible, and easily maintainable operations on the plant system, oriented to indoor comfort improvement and possible building-plant system refurbishment, is provided. It is based on thermal comfort assessment at an early design stage, carried out by dynamic simulation and CFD techniques. It helps to identify major ineffective equipment in historical school buildings, and potential sustainable, noninvasive, reversible, and conservative measures. Results obtained by a simulation exercise of a historical school building, a check case study, showed that the evaluation of thermal comfort conditions can be a strong guideline for reversible plant design. This guarantees building protection and preventive conservation. Refurbishment and retrofitting solutions, with a lower impact can be identified. Thus in depth assessment of the building physics and plant performance aiming at energy efficacy and sustainability, can contribute to finding out the balance between energy saving, sustainability, and quality of life. Our method can be a useful tool for effectiveness analysis on retrofit and refurbishment measures for similar case studies.
34
De Vita, Mariangela, Marianna Rotilio, Chiara Marchionni, and Pierluigi De Berardinis. "Architectural Heritage Indoor Comfort after Retrofit Works: The Case Study of S. Vito Church in L’Aquila, Italy." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 18, 2023): 8239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108239.
Анотація:
The performance redevelopment of Architectural Heritage is a current research topic, in particular for the impact on energy saving and, consequently, on the comfort management of historical buildings. In order to evaluate the energy performance of the built environment and to optimize it in the retrofit, the way of using the heritage structures is fundamental. In particular, the retrofit in religious buildings through the installation of a new heating system often modifies the original microclimate of the internal environment without guaranteeing adequate comfort conditions, due to the peculiarities of these artifacts way of use and to their geometric and construction features. This contribution illustrates analysis on the internal comfort of a church after the retrofit intervention, which has shown energetic and comfort critical issues in relation to the discontinuous use type of the structure. The results of the analysis on the case-study, the church of San Vito in L’Aquila, have shown that the use of systems that exploit the thermal mass is not always sustainable and that it is before essential to in-depth investigate the fruition mode of the environments in order to identify suitable retrofit strategies.
35
Peng, Bin, Wei Dong Liu, and Wei Bo Yang. "Investigation on Seismic Properties of Load-Bearing Masonry Walls in Chinese Historical Buildings." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 783–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.783.
Анотація:
Masonry walls resist most of the lateral loads in some Chinese historical architecture. To investigate the seismic properties of these load-bearing masonry walls, blocks in a typical Chinese old building undergoing retrofit are reserved. Compressive test specimens and wall panel specimens are constructed using these blocks and lime mortar. Mixing of the lime mortar is similar to that used in the old building. Material tests and pseudo-static tests are then performed. The damage modes and hysteretic curves of the wall panel specimens are studied. The test results are expanded through computer simulation. Some characteristics of the load-bearing masonry walls are summarized based on the test and simulation results. The proposed methodology and results can be referred to in further researches on seismic properties of historical masonry architectures.
36
Hassan, Zainab Q., and Saad Al-Wazni. "A review of retrofitting in the structural steel buildings using bracing systems." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1232, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1232/1/012031.
Анотація:
Abstract The multi-storey buildings and towers that are constructed of steel frames are exposed to lateral loads such as wind loads, earthquakes and explosions, which cause a vibrational movement in the structure. Therefore, the horizontal drift and deformations increase and lead to instability in the structure. So, it is necessary to retrofit the structural steel buildings by increasing the lateral stiffness and ductility of the structure. This is made by choosing a suitable bracing system type to retrofit the building. In this research, the bracing system types are taken to achieve the desired purpose. A summary of this system and its types, and a historical overview of the use of this system were studied. The results are compared by investigating several parameters, such as the total mass of the structure, the cost, lateral stiffness, and lateral displacement. Also, previous research was categorized following how it affected the reinforcement system. The main objectives of the study are to determine the most efficient bracing system for steel buildings under the influence of retrofitting against a lateral load and to compare the structural performance of various types of bracing systems. Also, the outcomes demonstrated that the bracing system decreases lateral displacement and boosts energy dissipation.
37
Barreca, Alice. "Architectural Quality and the Housing Market: Values of the Late Twentieth Century Built Heritage." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052565.
Анотація:
The assessment of the ‘quality’ of built heritage is a complex transdisciplinary issue, which both public administrations and real estate developers need to carefully consider when making any interventions. Recent international climate regulations underline that currently around 75% of buildings in the EU are not energy efficient. In Italy, those inefficient buildings are more than 50 years old and, if subjected to retrofit interventions, risk being totally transformed and losing their historical value in favor of a more contemporary use. This work aimed to study the residential heritage of the second half of the 20th century in the real estate market and to understand if, how, and in what measure the building and architectonical qualities are recognized and monetized by buyers. The city of Turin was chosen as a study area, and residential building qualities were analyzed using two quality indicators to perform a GWR on market POIs. The results highlighted that housing historical qualities are not homogeneously recognized by the real estate market, in favor of green ones. This work can help both public and private bodies to identify which ‘invisible’ quality residential buildings are immediately exploitable for enhancement strategies, with more respectful retrofitting interventions and a modern protection policy.
38
Moghaddam, Saman Abolghasemi, Magnus Mattsson, Arman Ameen, Jan Akander, Manuel Gameiro Da Silva, and Nuno Simões. "Low-Emissivity Window Films as an Energy Retrofit Option for a Historical Stone Building in Cold Climate." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 12, 2021): 7584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227584.
Анотація:
Low-emissivity (low-E) window films are designed to improve the thermal comfort and energy performance of buildings. These films can be applied to different glazing systems without having to change the whole window. This makes it possible to apply films to windows in old and historical buildings for which preservation regulations often require that windows should remain unchanged. This research aims to investigate the impacts of low-E window films on the energy performance and thermal comfort of a three-story historical stone building in the cold climate of Sweden using the simulation software “IDA ICE”. On-site measurements were taken to acquire thermal and optical properties of the windows. This research shows that the application of the low-emissivity window film on the outward-facing surface of the inner pane of the double-glazed windows helped to reduce heat loss through the windows in winter and unwanted heat gains in summer by almost 36% and 35%, respectively. This resulted in a 6% reduction in the building’s annual energy consumption for heating purposes and a reduction in the percentage of total occupant hours with thermal dissatisfaction from 14% (without the film) to 11% (with the film). However, the relatively high price of the films and low price of district heating results in a rather long payback period of around 30 years. Thus, the films seem scarcely attractive from a purely economic viewpoint, but may be warranted for energy/environmental and thermal comfort reasons.
39
Formisano, Antonio, and Ylenia Messineo. "Seismic Rehabilitation of Abandoned RC Industrial Buildings: The Case Study of a Former Tobacco Factory in the District of Avellino (Italy)." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (June 3, 2022): 5705. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115705.
Анотація:
In Italy, the interest in the industrial areas dates back to 1970, when industry began to be considered as identity and memory of the population, until 1990, when industrial constructions became cultural and historical goods. This interest was also justified by the necessity to recover these often-abandoned sites through structural and seismic interventions. For this purpose, the cataloguing of the different industrial buildings in Italy was made by the Italian Consortium ReLUIS “Network of Seismic Engineering University Laboratories”, through the “Cartis Long Spans” form, to obtain indications on the seismic vulnerability of this built heritage. In the current paper, the seismic analysis and the combined seismic–energy retrofit of a former reinforced concrete tobacco factory in Cervinara, within the district of Avellino (Italy), were carried out. This work proposes a seismic retrofit intervention of the examined structure, erected at the end of the 1960s, based on the use of steel exoskeletons. The proposed intervention can be seen as a novel strategy for requalification of industrial buildings, as well as for regeneration and restoration of the value of industrial areas. It was shown that these devices allow a considerable increase of the seismic safety indices, which attain values significantly greater than 1, to reach the building retrofitting. Subsequently, a photovoltaic plant using high-efficiency panels is proposed to provide the entire hub’s energy requirement. It was found that the annual production/square meterage of the building is between 20% and 60% lower than that of school and office buildings. As a whole, the analysis results demonstrated that exoskeletons are an effective intervention to improve the seismic features of the studied industrial building without neglecting architectural quality, sustainability, and environmental issues.
40
Mao, Zhuoxun, Xiaoxiao Rao, and Feng Qi. "Evaluation Research on Energy-Saving Retrofitting of Roofs of Traditional Wood-Structured Dwellings Based on the Continuation of Historical Features: A Case Study of Guangdu Village No. 280 Dwelling in Zhejiang." Sustainability 16, no. 6 (March 7, 2024): 2236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16062236.
Анотація:
China has numerous traditional wooden dwellings located in regions with hot summers and cold winters. The historic dwellings lack proper thermal insulation and have excessive energy consumption in the building structure, failing to suit the needs of modern people. Hence, it is crucial to enhance their energy efficiency through essential actions. Roofs, being the fifth side of the building envelope, are frequently neglected when it comes to enhancing their insulating capabilities. The study aimed to implement energy-efficient roof alterations while preserving the historical features of traditional structures. This study focuses on enhancing the energy efficiency of a traditional wood-structured dwelling in Guangdu Village, Zhejiang Province, China, by installing composite thermal insulation panels on the interior of the roof using an easy restoration approach. The actual risk of condensation and the impact of retrofit processes on historical features determine the choice and limitations of energy-saving retrofit materials and methods. This study evaluates the transformation using two indicators: energy efficiency and economic feasibility. The numerical simulation results indicate that traditional dwellings have an annual energy savings rate of 16.66% and an investment payback period of 7.25 years. This study demonstrates the feasibility of energy-saving roof renovation measures for these traditional wood-structured dwellings. The measures improve energy efficiency and are affordable for residents. This study can offer technical suggestions for enhancing the energy efficiency of traditional wood-structured dwellings.
41
Formisano, Antonio, and Generoso Vaiano. "Combined Energy-Seismic Retrofit of Existing Historical Masonry Buildings: The Novel “DUO System” Coating System Applied to a Case Study." Heritage 4, no. 4 (December 10, 2021): 4629–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4040255.
Анотація:
The safety of the built heritage of our cities towards environmental factors and seismic actions is a pressing need for designers and researchers. The actual trend is to setup effective solutions to reduce thermal dispersions through the building envelope. Contrarily, combined systems able to enhance the resistance of constructions to earthquakes, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to increase the energetic efficiency of existing buildings are scarcely diffused on the market and are rarely investigated in the scientific literature. In this framework, the seismic design of the new envelope DUO system for seismic-environmental requalification of existing masonry constructions is illustrated in the present paper with reference to a case study in the Neapolitan area. After the geometrical and mechanical characterization of the investigated building is performed, an FEM model of the masonry construction is setup by the SAP2000 analysis program, which has allowed performing pushover analyses. Based on the non-linear seismic response of the construction, an appropriate upgrading design mainly based on the innovative seismic envelope DUO system has been made. The static non-linear analyses applied to the upgraded FEM model of the building have shown a clear increase in performance in terms of strength, stiffness and ductility, thus confirming the effectiveness of the proposed envelope system.
42
Ouyang, Yu, and Yu Yi. "Retrofitting and Strengthening Design for the Former Yihe Spinner Factory in Shanghai." Advanced Materials Research 133-134 (October 2010): 935–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.133-134.935.
Анотація:
The building of the formerly Yihe Spinner Factory in Shanghai is a protected. To ensure its serviceability, appropriate retrofitting is necessary. Structural analysis based on the inspection result was performed. It is shown that the bearing capacity or the ductility of some members in the original structure as well as the retrofit proposal are inadequate. Strengthening design was then performed. The effect of the subsequent retrofitting process on the strengthened structure was analyzed. The historical building is then properly protected and the new manufacturing requirements are meet through the retrofitting and strengthening design. The proposed methods can serve as references for relative research or engineering practices.
43
Balocco, Carla, and Lorenzo Leoncini. "Energy Cost for Effective Ventilation and Air Quality for Healthy Buildings: Plant Proposals for a Historic Building School Reopening in the Covid-19 Era." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 8737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208737.
Анотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the engineering/technical approach to building and plant design. In Italy, most of the school heritage belongs to historical buildings, which are not only under constraints for the protection and prevention of loss of cultural heritage but are often created with a different intended use. This fact implies that any plant engineering project is really complex. Starting from the current sanitary measures for reopening during the Covid-19 era and the crucial current research on this matter, the feasibility of plant retrofit/refurbishment solutions by means of effective ventilation and air quality are investigated. Various plant solutions based on demand-controlled mechanical ventilation, operating 24 h a day, seven days a week, without air recirculation mode, for a historical high school building were studied using transient simulations. A result comparison showed that it is possible to obtain healthy school environments by means of an optimal compromise between energy savings and the best ventilation conditions for indoor air quality (IAQ). Sustainability is understood as effective and efficient solutions for energy consumption reduction and environmental sustainability as a guarantee for people’s safety and wellbeing.
44
Mazzoni, Silvia, Giulio Castori, Carmine Galasso, Paolo Calvi, Richard Dreyer, Erica Fischer, Alessandro Fulco, et al. "2016–2017 Central Italy Earthquake Sequence: Seismic Retrofit Policy and Effectiveness." Earthquake Spectra 34, no. 4 (November 2018): 1671–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/100717eqs197m.
Анотація:
The 2016–2017 Central Italy earthquake sequence consisted of several moderately high-magnitude earthquakes, between M5.5 and M6.5, each centered in a different location and with its own sequences of aftershocks spanning several months. To study the effects of this earthquake sequence on the built environment and the impact on the communities, a collaborative reconnaissance effort was organized by the Earthquake Engineering Research Institute (EERI), the Eucentre Foundation, the European Centre for Training and Research in Earthquake Engineering (EUCentre), and the Rete dei Laboratori Universitari di Ingegneria Sismica (ReLuis). The effort consisted of two reconnaissance missions: one following the Amatrice Earthquake of 24 August 2016 and one after the end of the earthquake sequence, in May 2017. One objective of the reconnaissance effort was to evaluate existing strengthening methodologies and assess their effectiveness in mitigating the damaging effects of ground shaking. Parallel studies by the Geotechnical Extreme Events Reconnaissance (GEER) Association, presented in a companion paper, demonstrate that variations in-ground motions due to topographic site effects had a significant impact on damage distribution in the affected area. This paper presents that, in addition to these ground motion variations, variations in the vulnerability of residential and critical facilities were observed to have a significant impact on the level of damage in the region. The damage to the historical centers of Amatrice and Norcia will be used in this evaluation: the historical center of Amatrice was devastated by the sequence of earthquakes; the significant damage in Norcia was localized to individual buildings. Amatrice has not experienced the same number of devastating earthquakes as Norcia in the last 150 years. As a result, its building stock is much older than that of Norcia and there appeared to be little visual evidence of strengthening of the buildings. The distribution of damage observed throughout the region was found to be indicative of the effectiveness of strengthening and of the need for a comprehensive implementation of retrofit policies.
45
Bortolin, A., P. Bison, G. Cadelano, G. Ferrarini, and S. Fortuna. "Measurement of thermophysical properties coupled with LCA assessment for the optimization of a historical building retrofit." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 655 (November 16, 2015): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/655/1/012011.
46
Bastianini, Filippo, Marco Corradi, Antonio Borri, and Angelo di Tommaso. "Retrofit and monitoring of an historical building using “Smart” CFRP with embedded fibre optic Brillouin sensors." Construction and Building Materials 19, no. 7 (September 2005): 525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2005.01.004.
47
Formisano, Antonio, Giovanni Chiumiento, and Enzo J. Dessì. "Laboratory Tests on Hydraulic Lime Mortar Reinforced With Jute Fibres." Open Civil Engineering Journal 14, no. 1 (August 6, 2020): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149502014010152.
Анотація:
Background: Considering the high seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings located in the Italian territory, the implementation of seismic retrofit programs is strongly needed.. With consideration for sustainable interventions, it is evident that the retrofit techniques to protect the historical heritage should be carried out with innovative green compound materials, such as mortars reinforced with natural fibres. Objective: In the current paper, laboratory tests on lime mortars strengthened with raw jute fibres have been performed. Methods: The workability of the fibre-reinforced mixture has been assessed through shaking table tests, and the mechanical resistances of standard specimens have been evaluated by bending and compression tests. Results: Considering the hygroscopic nature of jute, it has been identified that the optimal water/lime ratio and the maximum water percentage are absorbed by jute fibres. From the results, how the spreading of the mixture, which is indicative of the mortar consistency, changes with the water/lime ratio, has been evaluated. From bending tests, the effective behaviour of fibres, which provide a stitching effect of the failure crack in the investigated fibre-reinforced lime mortars, has been observed. Conclusion: Finally, the results of compression tests have shown that the examined fibre-reinforced mortars can be effectively used as building products according to the actual Italian technical code NTC 2018.
48
Alrobaie, Abdurahman, and Moncef Krarti. "A Review of Data-Driven Approaches for Measurement and Verification Analysis of Building Energy Retrofits." Energies 15, no. 21 (October 22, 2022): 7824. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15217824.
Анотація:
Although the energy and cost benefits for retrofitting existing buildings are promising, several challenges remain for accurate measurement and verification (M&V) analysis to estimate these benefits. Due to the rapid development in advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), data-driven approaches are becoming more effective than deterministic methods in developing baseline energy models for existing buildings using historical energy consumption data. The literature review presented in this paper provides an extensive summary of data-driven approaches suitable for building energy consumption prediction needed for M&V applications. The presented literature review describes commonly used data-driven modeling approaches including linear regressions, decision trees, ensemble methods, support vector machine, deep learning, and kernel regressions. The advantages and limitations of each data-driven modeling approach and its variants are discussed, including their cited applications. Additionally, feature engineering methods used in building energy data-driven modeling are outlined and described based on reported case studies to outline commonly used building features as well as selection and processing techniques of the most relevant features. This review highlights the gap between the listed existing frameworks and recently reported case studies using data-driven models. As a conclusion, this review demonstrates the need for a flexible M&V analysis framework to identify the best data-driven methods and their associated features depending on the building type and retrofit measures.
49
Ciulla, G., A. Galatioto, and R. Ricciu. "Energy and economic analysis and feasibility of retrofit actions in Italian residential historical buildings." Energy and Buildings 128 (September 2016): 649–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.07.044.
50
Janssens, Kaat, Valentina Marincioni, and Nathan Van Den Bossche. "Improving hygrothermal risk assessment tools for brick walls in a changing climate." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2654, no. 1 (December 1, 2023): 012024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2654/1/012024.
Анотація:
Abstract Due to the heritage value of historical buildings, the external facade can often not be modified. Therefore, heritage buildings require interior insulation when undergoing an energy renovation. However, interior retrofitting drastically changes the hygrothermal behaviour of a wall and can potentially cause moisture-related problems. Besides an interior retrofit, a changing climate might also trigger some of these damage mechanisms since parameters such as temperature and precipitation will change over time. It is proven that hygrothermal models can provide relevant insights into the risk of deterioration associated with these damage phenomena. Heat, Air and Moisture (HAM) tools are commercially available but rarely used in the building industry to study deterioration risks. Translating research into practical tools and guidelines is a challenge across the whole field of building renovation. This paper aims to tackle that challenge, by means of creating a hygrothermal risk assessment tool based on 48,384 HAM-simulations for the climate of Brussels, Belgium. Seven different performance criteria are addressed and discussed: freeze-thaw damage, mould growth, wood rot, corrosion, moisture accumulation, salt efflorescence and bio-colonisation. Subsequent to a sensitivity analysis, the study further investigates how these results can be translated into practice, providing building practitioners the most suitable insights and recommendations.