Статті в журналах: "Histopathologie – Innovation"

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Danks, Janine A., Roula Papadopoulos, and Nicholas J. Vardaxis. "Innovation in Histopathology Teaching." Journal of Histotechnology 32, no. 3 (September 2009): 119–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/his.2009.32.3.119.

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Tacha, David E., Linda C. Bloom, and Ball Lauren R. "Histopathology Instrumentation: Innovations in the 1980s." Laboratory Medicine 18, no. 8 (August 1, 1987): 519–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/labmed/18.8.519.

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Naik, Paras, Jem Rashbass, Mark Bennett, Sue Cossins, and Nick R. Griffin. "IT innovation in histopathology recruitment, training and research." British Journal of Hospital Medicine 66, no. 10 (October 2005): 563–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/hmed.2005.66.10.19893.

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Bardhan, Neelkanth M., Vivek Rastogi, Rebecca L. Stone, and Angela M. Belcher. "Abstract 6166: A whole-organ ex vivo optical imaging technique for non-destructive, more precise identification of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) in fallopian tubes." Cancer Research 84, no. 6_Supplement (March 22, 2024): 6166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2024-6166.

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Abstract Objective With the recent discovery of the fallopian tube (FT) origin of the most common and lethal type of ovarian cancer, high grade serous cancer (HGSC), engineering solutions to overcome the limitations of standard histopathology to more reliably identify incipient HGSCs and their serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) precursors are much needed. This investigation tests the potential of whole-organ ex vivo optical imaging of freshly excised FTs to label and sample abnormal tubal epithelium prior to formalin fixation and paraffin embedding for standard histopathology. Methods This investigation prototyped “OVASEEK”, a whole-organ, near-infrared optical imaging platform for identification of STICs. This prospective biospecimen protocol with annotated clinical data was approved by the IRB. Following salpingectomy at the time of hysterectomy for benign indications, FTs from study participants are longitudinally bivalved. Half of the FT is retained for routine evaluation using the Sectioning and Extensively Examining the Fimbriated end (SEE-FIM) protocol by Johns Hopkins gynecologic pathologists (Gyn Path), while the other half is sent overnight in organ transplant media to MIT for imaging on OVASEEK. Hyperspectral “label free” first pass imaging is performed using a series of band-pass filters. Second pass fluorescence imaging is then performed using nanoparticles tagged with anti-LAMC1 antibodies targeting laminin γ1, a known STIC surface marker. Abnormal signal(s) on OVASEEK imaging of the FT epithelium are tattooed with black ink, the tissue is formalin fixed and returned to Gyn Path for serial sectioning. Research findings are reported in an addendum to the formal pathology report in the electronic medical record and discussed with the patient by the gynecologic oncologist co-investigator. Results OVASEEK enabled non-destructive imaging over a wide field-of-view ~ 12×12 cm, with features of interest in the 1,050-1,550 nm range. In this pilot study, OVASEEK identified histopathologic abnormalities missed by standard SEE-FIM in 20% of FTs (n=2 out of 10). In each case, OVASEEK found microscopic (~200 µm) foci of salpingitis, a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate consistent with inflammation. Performance of serial sectioning and histopathologic examination of the tattooed epithelium yielded this diagnosis. Conclusion Work is ongoing to improve the resolution, speed and sensitivity of OVASEEK for STIC detection. Identification of µm-sized foci of inflammation using OVASEEK is proof-of-principle that whole-organ ex vivo imaging of freshly excised FTs may be an innovation that improves the diagnostic performance of routine histopathology. Accurate and reproducible diagnosis of STIC and concurrent microscopic HGSC is imperative to the understanding of the early pathogenesis of HGSC in clinically actionable ways. Citation Format: Neelkanth M. Bardhan, Vivek Rastogi, Rebecca L. Stone, Angela M. Belcher. A whole-organ ex vivo optical imaging technique for non-destructive, more precise identification of serous tubal intraepithelial carcinoma (STIC) in fallopian tubes [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 6166.

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Karthikeyan Ramalingam,. "Innovations in Oral Pathology Laboratory - A Mini Review." International Journal of Head and Neck Pathology 6, no. 2 (October 13, 2023): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56501/intjheadneckpathol.v6i1.914.

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Over the past two decades, a multitude of technological advancements have been integrated into histopathology laboratories, offering tools to enhance standardization and ensure occupational safety. Digital tracking plays a central role in guiding the entire process, from labeling cassettes and slides to the final stages of generating whole slide images, and storage of tissue blocks and tissue sections. Versatile equipment has effectively replaced time-consuming manual tasks, which were susceptible to errors and material loss. Currently, collaborative robots are assuming responsibilities once exclusively carried out by humans. The emergence of these novel technologies is anticipated to help in improving oral pathology laboratory practices.

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Ahmed, Shakil, Asadullah Shaikh, Hani Alshahrani, Abdullah Alghamdi, Mesfer Alrizq, Junaid Baber, and Maheen Bakhtyar. "Transfer Learning Approach for Classification of Histopathology Whole Slide Images." Sensors 21, no. 16 (August 9, 2021): 5361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21165361.

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The classification of whole slide images (WSIs) provides physicians with an accurate analysis of diseases and also helps them to treat patients effectively. The classification can be linked to further detailed analysis and diagnosis. Deep learning (DL) has made significant advances in the medical industry, including the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, computerized tomography (CT) scans, and electrocardiograms (ECGs) to detect life-threatening diseases, including heart disease, cancer, and brain tumors. However, more advancement in the field of pathology is needed, but the main hurdle causing the slow progress is the shortage of large-labeled datasets of histopathology images to train the models. The Kimia Path24 dataset was particularly created for the classification and retrieval of histopathology images. It contains 23,916 histopathology patches with 24 tissue texture classes. A transfer learning-based framework is proposed and evaluated on two famous DL models, Inception-V3 and VGG-16. To improve the productivity of Inception-V3 and VGG-16, we used their pre-trained weights and concatenated these with an image vector, which is used as input for the training of the same architecture. Experiments show that the proposed innovation improves the accuracy of both famous models. The patch-to-scan accuracy of VGG-16 is improved from 0.65 to 0.77, and for the Inception-V3, it is improved from 0.74 to 0.79.

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Hegde, Sankalp, and Bhavadharini RM. "LuCoNet: A Convolutional Neural Network Model for Lung Cancer and Colon Cancer Prediction Using Histopathological Images." International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Scope 05, no. 03 (2024): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.47857/irjms.2024.v05i03.0766.

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Histopathology is the study of cellular structures, tissues and their abnormalities to diagnose a wide range of diseases, with a primary focus on cancer. The recent innovations and advancements in image analysis techniques and machine learning enable the histopathologists to automate the process of detection and classification of diseases observed in histopathology images. Traditional visual analysis by pathologists, though skilled, is slow and prone to inconsistencies. By utilizing advanced techniques, such as Convolutional Neural Networks, this project aims to revolutionize disease classification and management in histopathology. Researchers are now using convolutional neural networks and other algorithms to accurately segment tissues, extract key features, and even predict cancer diagnosis and treatment response. These automated methods hold immense potential for faster, more precise cancer diagnosis and personalized care. The proposed model LuCoNet is a Convolution Neural Network Architecture that uses the publicly available dataset comprises 25,000 histopathological JPEG images, initially sourced from HIPAAcompliant datasets. It includes 750 lung tissue images and 500 colon tissue images, augmented to expand the dataset. This study underscores the transformative potential of deep learning in histopathology image analysis, promising enhanced diagnostic accuracy and personalized treatment strategies. The performance of LuCoNet was compared with other models evaluated in the literature survey and LuCoNet performed extremely well in prediction with 98.5%, 0.986, 0.988, and 0.984 for accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-Score measures.

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Habawel, Candice Mabette, Listya Purnamasari, Joseph Peñano Olarve, and Joseph Flores dela Cruz. "Comparative Efficacy of Different Fixed Drug Combination on Clinical Signs of Respiratory Disease in Starter Pigs." Jurnal Veteriner 23, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 297–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.19087/jveteriner.2022.23.3.297.

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The high occurrence of respiratory disease in pigs has led to the innovation of fixed-dose drugcombinations (FDCs). A study was conducted to determine the efficacy of two FDCs on 15 starter pigsshowing clinical signs of respiratory disease to determine its effect on their respiratory health and growth.Treatment 1 (T1) was the control group and did not receive any medication. Treatment 2 (T2) contains 90g of Doxycycline, 40 g of Tylosin, 30 g of Paracetamol, 5 g of Bromhexine, and 500 mg of Prednisolone asactive ingredients per kilogram. Treatment 3 (T3) contains 150 g of Amoxicillin Trihydrate, 100 g ofTylosin Tartrate, and 5 g of Bromhexine Hydrochloride as active ingredients per kilogram. The treatmentgives at a therapeutic dose of 10 g/gallon of water twice a day for 7 days.The effects of FDCs were measuredthrough clinical sign evaluation, gross pathologic lung lesion scoring, histopathologic examination, andevaluation of the production performance of the starter pigs using analysis of variance (ANOVA) for aCompletely Randomized Design.. Pigs treated with Treatment 2 had better clinical evaluation scores andproduction performance than Treatment 3. Histopathologic examination demonstrated minimal tissuerepair in all FDCs studied. Improvement denotes that the treatment produces a positive effect.

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Murthy, M. S. N., M. G. Jones, J. D. Davies, P. C. Jackson, J. Kulka, P. N. T. Wells, M. Halliwell, and D. R. Bull. "Scanning confocal near-infra-red microscopy: a new microscopy technique for three-dimensional histopathology." Engineering Science & Education Journal 4, no. 5 (October 1, 1995): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/esej:19950509.

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Kirchhof, Nicole. "What Is “Preclinical Device Pathology”: An Introduction of the Unfamiliar." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 3 (February 5, 2019): 205–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319827502.

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Medical device pathologists are involved in the preclinical evaluation of medical devices that will be temporarily inserted or permanently and often irreversibly implanted in the human body. The medical device industry is technology based, allowing for rapid device iterations; innovations occur at an accelerated rate compared to the innovations in the pharmaceutical industry. The device pathologist provides the pathology results and is, by training and experience, in an ideal position to help the medical engineer and innovator tackle biomedical problems and to comment on the possible and actual outcomes of preclinical studies. Device pathology expertise is typically a necessity in the prelude for regulatory submission. However, there is a lack of detailed guidelines for a comprehensive preclinical pathology evaluation of the final product after implantation in a test animal. What specifically unites device pathologists is the reliance on gross pathology as the basis for spatial context needed for appropriate histopathologic analyses, the knowledge of detailed protocol instructions, a good understanding of wound healing including the “implant trauma,” and interaction with ambitious device innovators. In this article, it is my aim to amalgamate the following articles in this issue with pertinent background information intended to be informative, critical, and stimulating.

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Stanley, James R. L., John H. Keating, and Kathryn J. San Souci. "An Overview on the Considerations for the Planning of Nonclinical Necropsies for Medical Device Studies." Toxicologic Pathology 47, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623319825821.

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The terminal collection and histological processing of medical devices is an expensive, labor-, and material-intensive endeavor, which requires adequate experience, innovation, and preparation for success. It is also an exciting endeavor that continually challenges, intellectually engages, and improves the skills and knowledge of the pathologist. Awareness of the importance of the medical device pathologist’s involvement, communication, and oversight throughout the development, implementation, and execution of a nonclinical assessment of a medical device is in the best interest of the test facility, the histopathology laboratory, the pathologist, the sponsor, and, ultimately, the patients. This article serves to present as a primer of key considerations for the approach and conduct of “nontoxicological” studies, defined as studies involving animal models of deployment or implantation of medical devices as well as surgical animal models.

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Yerraboina, Sirisha, Harikrishna Bommala, and Vineela Madireddy. "Breast cancer classification and prediction methods by employing machine and deep learning approaches-A survey." MATEC Web of Conferences 392 (2024): 01137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202439201137.

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Breast carcinoma stands as one of the most perilous afflictions affecting females, lacking an effective treatment to date. Recent advancements in deep learning techniques, coupled with artificial intelligence (AI), have demonstrated promising results in breast cancer identification. This innovation facilitates early detection, consequently enhancing patient survival rates. Deep learning necessitates minimal human intervention for feature extraction, contrasting with traditional machine learning methods. The ML and DL techniques are practised and comparison of all these techniques were shown. Specifically, emphasis is placed on genomic and histopathologic imaging data. Various algorithms, including R, SVM, logistic regression, KNN, Naïve Bayes, CNN, and ANN, are thoroughly researched and valuated to gauge their efficacy. Furthermore, many screening protocols were deployed to identify and examine the datasets. Lastly, the paper explores the challenges encountered and the most possible directions to detect the breast cancer .Hence researchers and clinicians with a thorough understanding and insights into this deep learning domain.

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Putri, Cynthia Astiti, Farida Hayati, Lutfi Chabib, and Muhammad Iqbal Pangestu. "Acute Toxicity of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System of Ipomoea reptans Poir Leaves Extract on Female Wistar Rats." Borneo Journal of Pharmacy 6, no. 1 (February 28, 2023): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33084/bjop.v6i1.2099.

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Ipomoea reptans Poir has many health benefits, such as decreasing blood glucose and as an antioxidant. Self-nano emulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) are an innovation in pharmaceutical technology that minimizes drug molecules and maximizes surface area, thus increasing drug absorption. This study aimed to investigate SNEDDS of I. reptans acute toxicity in female Wistar rats. An acute toxicity test was done using a limit test of OECD 423. Female Wistar rats were divided into control and treatment groups, with three animals for each group being used per step. No animals died after they were given SNEDDS of I. reptans leaves extract at a dose of 2000 mg/kg. No toxic effect was detected at clinical examination and histopathology of the organ. SNEDDS of I. reptans leaves extract had an LD50 cut-off value of 5000 mg/kg.

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Gupta, Kritika, Hania Q. Khan, Syed S. Amin, and Mithilesh Chandra. "Infantile Systemic Hyalinosis Diagnosed as Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita – A Case Report and Literature Review." Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery 27, no. 2 (2023): 78–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdds.jdds_7_23.

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Abstract Infantile systemic hyalinosis (ISH) is a rare fatal autosomal recessive disorder characterized by hyaline deposition in the skin and internal organs. Children with ISH usually present to orthopedicians due to decreased and painful limb movements with flexed position and are often misdiagnosed due to unnoticed cutaneous involvement. We describe an infant who was diagnosed with arthrogryposis multiplex congenita and is being managed for the same with serial plaster casts over limbs to release contractures. He was referred to the dermatology department for intertrigo, where we observed characteristic frog position of limbs, painful limb movements, and nodules over joints. Histopathology confirmed the hyaline dermal deposition, and the child was diagnosed with ISH. This case highlights the importance of extensive general and systemic examination and a multidisciplinary approach to diagnose rare disorders. Timely referral helps to avoid unnecessary investigations or painful invasive procedures.

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Sharmeen, Ayesha, Mohammad Adil, Syed S. Amin, and Suhailur Rehman. "A Case of Hidradenitis Suppurativa with Plaque Morphea: Association or Chance?" Journal of Dermatology and Dermatologic Surgery 27, no. 2 (2023): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jdds.jdds_12_23.

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Abstract Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the apocrine glands characterized clinically by recurrent nodules, abscesses, and discharging sinuses which heal with a bridge or rope-like scars in the axilla, groin, and perineum. HS is seen to be associated with several other autoimmune and pilosebaceous structural disorders. We present the case of a 50-year-old obese female, known case of HS for 3 years who developed hyperpigmented indurated plaques over the breasts for the past 1 year. Histopathology from the plaques showed thickened and homogenized collagen bundles. A diagnosis of plaque morphea was made based on the clinical and histopathological findings. There are few case reports of HS associated with connective tissue diseases (CTDs) such as systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren’s syndrome, and systemic vasculitis. We discuss the shared pathogenesis of HS and CTDs which may have led to morphea developing in our patient.

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Li, Tian, John Diks, Snow Trinh Nguyen, Jianying Zeng, Neil Chen, and Shivakumar Vignesh. "Next-generation sequencing proves clonal relationship between two distinguished lung and liver carcinomas by standard histopathology approach." Journal of Case Reports and Images in Pathology 8, no. 2 (December 22, 2022): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5348/100064z11el2022cr.

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Introduction: Two tumors having different histopathologies at anatomically distinct sites giving the picture of dual primary malignancies. Here we presented a case of two possible primary tumors and one secondary mass. Case Report: A 74-year-old female, active smoker, without personal or family cancer history presented with early satiety and weakness for two months. Systems review was positive for a “raw” feeling in stomach, alleviated with antacids. Vital signs were stable with a negative abdominal exam. Lab showed leukocytosis 24.8 K/uL (3.5–10.8 K/uL) with left shift, microcytic anemia with hemoglobin 6.1 g/dL (12.0–16.0 g/dL), and reactive thrombocytosis 477 K/uL (130–400 K/uL). Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) showed right upper lobe necrotizing cavitating lesion with reactive mediastinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy, two irregular hypodense lesions in pancreatic head and tail without ductal dilation with two irregular hypodense liver lesions. Immunohistochemistry of lung and pancreatic lesions were biopsied through endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), consistent with poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with extensive necrosis, which indicates pancreatic masses are likely metastases from the lung. Liver lesion biopsy exhibited high-grade neuroendocrine tumor (NET) with focal necrosis. Next gene sequencing was pursued. Given poor functional status, palliative immunotherapy was offered; however, the patient succumbed to respiratory failure. Conclusion: Given the morphology and immunoprofile, differential diagnosis includes dual primary cancers with one metastasis, or primary SCC with metastasis with neuroendocrine differentiation. Despite having different histopathology and immunophenotype, both lung and liver tumors harbor the same molecular profile even at the variants of unknown significance that show identical mutations. As a result, they are directly related. TP53, RB1, MYCL1, and MEK1 mutations are more prevalent in SCC than NET. Tumor mutation burden values may vary as the tumor clonal structure varies between primary and metastatic sites, with higher rates of monoclonal structure recorded in metastases due to clonal selection, leading to a reduction in overall genetic diversity (“bottlenecking”). This raises the suspicion that the liver tumor is a SCC with neuroendocrine differentiation. The paucity of the specimen and rapid clinical course limited further investigation. Germline testing would have been useful to determine whether these findings are somatic or germline.

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Bernard, Joseph, Thierry Alcindor, Lynn Gabrielle Alexis, Doukens Patrick Gilbert, and Vincent DeGennaro. "Epidemiology, clinical features, and histopathology of sarcomas managed in a Haitian cancer clinic." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e23515-e23515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e23515.

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e23515 Background: Sarcomas are among the least described cancers diagnosed in Haiti. Suboptimal surgery and the unavailability of radiation therapy make their management challenging. The main objective of this study was to present the epidemiology, clinical features and histopathology of sarcomas in the Haitian setting. Methods: A seven-year retrospective study was conducted in the cancer program of Innovating Health International (IHI). We included all patients with clinical or histological diagnosis of sarcoma enrolled from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2020. Date of first visit, age, gender, stage, anatomical site, histology, outcome as of December 31, 2020 and date of death were the main variables selected for this chart review. Mortality rate and overall survival were also evaluated. Results: One hundred and twenty-two (122) patients with sarcomas were diagnosed and treated during the study period. Their mean age was 43.3 years [range: 15-88] and the sample was 62.3% women and 37.7% men. 49.2% of the patients were less than 40 years of age. Among the cases of sarcomas, 86.9% were soft tissue sarcomas and 13.1% bone sarcomas. The lower limbs (36.9%), abdomen (14.8%), head and neck (13.1%), upper limbs (12.3%) and breasts (7.4%) were the most common locations of the sarcomas. 81% of abdominal/pelvic sarcoma cases (n=21) were in women. The most common histological types (n=94) were fibrosarcoma (15.2%), liposarcoma (10.9%), dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (8.7%), malignant histiocytofibroma (6.5%), rhabdomyosarcoma (5.4%) and gastrointestinal stromal tumor (5.4%). 19.6% of the patients had metastatic disease. The mortality rate for the study period was 53.3% and 17.2% of the patients were lost to follow-up. The median overall survival was 7.2 months for the cohort and 18.4 months for the treated patients (n=70). Conclusions: The sarcomas seen in this Haitian medical clinic mainly affect the soft tissues of limbs, abdomen and head and neck. There is a strong predominance of female patients and about half of the patients are aged less than 40. Despite a low metastatic presentation rate, the prognosis is poor, likely reflecting both the aggressiveness of this group of diseases and the disparities of outcomes between high-income and low-and-middle-income countries.

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Perini, Davina, Francesca Cammelli, Maximilian Scheiterle, Jacopo Martellucci, Annamaria Di Bella, Carlo Bergamini, Paolo Prosperi, and Alessio Giordano. "Beyond total mesorectal excision: The emerging role of minimally invasive surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer." World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 16, no. 8 (August 27, 2024): 2382–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4240/wjgs.v16.i8.2382.

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Multivisceral resection and/or pelvic exenteration represents the only potential curative treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC); however, it poses significant technical challenges, which account for the high risk of morbidity and mortality associated with the procedure. As complete histopathologic resection is the most important determinant of patient outcomes, LARC often requires an extended resection beyond the total mesorectal excision plane to obtain clear resection margins. In an era when laparoscopic surgery and robot-assisted surgery are becoming commonplace, the optimal approach to extensive pelvic interventions remains controversial. However, acceptance of the suitability of minimally invasive surgery is slowly gaining traction. Nonetheless, there is still a lack of evidence in the literature about minimally invasive approaches in multiple and extensive surgical resections, highlighting the need for research studies to explore, validate, and develop this issue. This editorial aims to provide a critical overview of the currently available applications and challenges of minimally invasive abdominopelvic surgery for LARC. Furthermore, we discuss recent developments in the field of robotic surgery for LARC, with a specific focus on new innovations and emerging frontiers.

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Smith, Jenifer C., and Gil M. Vicente. "True Congenital Macroglossia Surgically Managed Using a Modified Kole Technique." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 31, no. 2 (November 30, 2016): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v31i2.241.

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Objective: To describe a 2-year old boy with true congenital macroglossia surgically managed using a modified Kole technique. Methods: Study Design: Surgical Innovation Setting: Tertiary Government Hospital Patient: One Results: A 2-year-old boy presented with congenital macroglossia, associated with difficulty feeding and phonating. On physical examination, the massive tongue had both increased length and width. At rest, it protruded between the upper and lower teeth, with drying and fissuring of the tip. Dribbling of saliva and mandible prognathism were also noted. The child was surgically treated with a modified Kole technique, wherein the apex of the anterior wedge resection was extended to the posterior third midline. Final histopathology was consistent with cavernous hemangioma. Conclusion: The modified Kole technique proved viable, as the postoperative results were considered satisfactory. Tongue volume was uniformly reduced in length and width, enabling mouth and jaw closure, while tongue sensation and mobility were preserved. Feeding, speech intelligibility and cosmesis were markedly improved. Future application of this modification may prove its usefulness. Keywords: macroglossia; glossectomy; congenital macroglossia

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Bulten, Wouter, Kimmo Kartasalo, Po-Hsuan Cameron Chen, Peter Ström, Hans Pinckaers, Kunal Nagpal, Yuannan Cai, et al. "Artificial intelligence for diagnosis and Gleason grading of prostate cancer: the PANDA challenge." Nature Medicine 28, no. 1 (January 2022): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01620-2.

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AbstractArtificial intelligence (AI) has shown promise for diagnosing prostate cancer in biopsies. However, results have been limited to individual studies, lacking validation in multinational settings. Competitions have been shown to be accelerators for medical imaging innovations, but their impact is hindered by lack of reproducibility and independent validation. With this in mind, we organized the PANDA challenge—the largest histopathology competition to date, joined by 1,290 developers—to catalyze development of reproducible AI algorithms for Gleason grading using 10,616 digitized prostate biopsies. We validated that a diverse set of submitted algorithms reached pathologist-level performance on independent cross-continental cohorts, fully blinded to the algorithm developers. On United States and European external validation sets, the algorithms achieved agreements of 0.862 (quadratically weighted κ, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.840–0.884) and 0.868 (95% CI, 0.835–0.900) with expert uropathologists. Successful generalization across different patient populations, laboratories and reference standards, achieved by a variety of algorithmic approaches, warrants evaluating AI-based Gleason grading in prospective clinical trials.

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Iyer, Janaki, Arvind Hariharan, Uyen Minh Nha Cao, Crystal To Tam Mai, Athena Wang, Parisa Khayambashi, Bich Hong Nguyen, Lydia Safi, and Simon D. Tran. "An Overview on the Histogenesis and Morphogenesis of Salivary Gland Neoplasms and Evolving Diagnostic Approaches." Cancers 13, no. 15 (August 3, 2021): 3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers13153910.

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Salivary gland neoplasms (SGN) remain a diagnostic dilemma due to their heterogenic complex behavior. Their diverse histomorphological appearance is attributed to the underlying cellular mechanisms and differentiation into various histopathological subtypes with overlapping fea-tures. Diagnostic tools such as fine needle aspiration biopsy, computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography help evaluate the structure and assess the staging of SGN. Advances in molecular pathology have uncovered genetic patterns and oncogenes by immunohistochemistry, fluorescent in situ hybridization, and next–generation sequencing, that may potentially contribute to innovating diagnostic approaches in identifying various SGN. Surgical resection is the principal treatment for most SGN. Other modalities such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy (agents like tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and proteasome inhibitors), and potential hormone therapy may be applied, depending on the clinical behaviors, histopathologic grading, tumor stage and location, and the extent of tissue invasion. This review delves into the molecular pathways of salivary gland tumorigenesis, highlighting recent diagnostic protocols that may facilitate the identification and management of SGN.

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Alkhalaf, Abdulmohsen Khalaf, Sulaiman Ali Alkhareeb, and Maha Mohammed Alshammari. "Integration of artificial intelligence in histopathological and radiological image analysis." International journal of health sciences 8, S1 (January 15, 2024): 938–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v8ns1.15010.

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Aim: This review explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in both histopathological and radiological image analysis, focusing on its potential to enhance diagnostic workflows and patient outcomes. Methods: We examined recent advancements in AI technologies, particularly deep learning and computational pathology (CPath), highlighting methodologies such as multiple instance learning (MIL) and graph neural networks (GNNs) for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs) and radiological imaging techniques like MRI and CT scans. The review also discusses challenges in data privacy, ethical concerns, and regulatory needs. Results: AI-driven tools have demonstrated improved accuracy in detecting diseases such as cancers by automating image analysis and enhancing image quality. Techniques like virtual staining and segmentation facilitate the quantification of morphological traits, enabling better prognostic predictions. Radiological imaging techniques integrated with AI provide crucial complementary information on anatomical abnormalities and disease progression. Despite these advancements, challenges like the need for substantial human annotation and computational resources persist. Conclusion: The future of AI in histopathology and radiology looks promising, with ongoing innovations poised to refine diagnostic capabilities and foster personalized medicine. Addressing ethical and practical concerns will be critical for the responsible implementation of AI technologies in clinical settings.

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Singhal, Ishita, Aparna Dave, Manpreet Arora, Pulin Saluja, and Radhika Rai. "Oral Pathology - The Soul of Dentistry." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (September 13, 2021): 3283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/666.

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BACKGROUND Oral and maxillofacial pathology, is the very foundation of dentistry. It is a branch of dentistry where research meets clinical practice with the use of histopathology, cytopathology, haematology, immunohistochemistry, clinical biochemistry, microbiology, molecular science, forensic odontology, and a lot more, making it a unique and rare branch in its own way. It acts as a backbone of dental science, by investigating the causes, processes, and effects of the disease affecting the oral and maxillofacial region. Therefore, this branch requires timely up-gradation to analyse health data, research findings and treatment techniques to offer a diagnostic and therapeutic recommendation for individual patients. The application of digital technology in oral pathology is on the verge of becoming a standard of care, thereby eliminating the need for practising pathology on a conventional microscope. Globally, pathological laboratories need to be more efficient than before. Therefore, automation and digitalization are required to not only increase the efficiency, growth, quality, and capacity but also to standardise the processes. The purpose of this article is to introduce the readers, the incorporation of new ideas and technologies in the lab for a better and faster diagnosis, and would also like to explain the concept of standardizing the method of recording and maintaining the dental or medical records of the patients, and also standardizing the lab reports. KEY WORDS Innovation, Robotics, Digitalization, Artificial Intelligence, Upgradation, Maxillofacial Region

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Miura, Cathrine, and Jay Pee Amable. "Orbital Roof and Lateral Wall Reconstruction Using Split-Thickness Calvarial Bone Graft with Titanium Mesh Complex for a Spheno-Orbital Meningioma." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery 37, no. 1 (June 5, 2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v37i1.1437.

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ABSTRACT Objective: To describe our reconstruction of an orbital roof and lateral wall defect using a split- thickness calvarial bone graft with titanium mesh complex after resection of a meningioma of the left greater wing of the sphenoid with extension to the left frontotemporal bone and left orbital roof and lateral wall. Methods: Study Design: Surgical Innovation Setting: Tertiary Private University Hospital Patient: One Results: A 44-year-old woman with a left frontotemporal mass associated with left eye proptosis and epiphora underwent reconstruction of the left orbital roof and lateral wall defect using split-thickness calvarial bone graft with titanium mesh and screws after a left frontotemporal craniectomy, superior and lateral orbital wall resection of a mass of the sphenoid wing with orbital and frontotemporal extension. Final histopathology was consistent with meningioma. Surveillance of the mass and orbital reconstruction showed evidence of bone growth and osteointegration of the titanium mesh into the bone grafts. Conclusion: The initial good outcome of orbital roof and lateral wall reconstruction using split-thickness calvarial bone graft with titanium mesh is evidenced by osteointegration of the titanium mesh and revascularization leading to new bone growth. This autogenous-alloplastic complex may provide a more stable option for orbital reconstruction, but long term follow-up is needed for surveillance of recurrence and monitoring the status of orbital reconstruction.

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Zubair, Asif, Rich Chapple, Sivaraman Natarajan, William C. Wright, Min Pan, Hyeong-Min Lee, Heather Tillman, John Easton, and Paul Geeleher. "Abstract 456: Jointly leveraging spatial transcriptomics and deep learning models for image annotation achieves better-than-pathologist performance in cell type identification in tumors." Cancer Research 82, no. 12_Supplement (June 15, 2022): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-456.

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Abstract For over 100 years, the traditional tools of pathology, such as tissue-marking dyes (e.g. the H&E stain) have been used to study the disorganization and dysfunction of cells within tissues. This has represented a principal diagnostic and prognostic tool in cancer. However, in the last 5 years, new technologies have promised to revolutionize histopathology, with Spatial Transcriptomics technologies allowing us to measure gene expression directly in pathology-stained tissue sections. In parallel with these developments, Artificial Intelligence (AI) applied to histopathology tissue images now approaches pathologist level performance in cell type identification. However, these new technologies still have severe limitations, with Spatial Transcriptomics suffering difficulties distinguishing transcriptionally similar cell types, and AI-based pathology tools often performing poorly on real world out-of-batch test datasets. Thus, century-old techniques still represent standard-of-care in most areas of clinical cancer diagnostics and prognostics. Here, we present a new frontier in digital pathology: describing a conceptually novel computational methodology, based on Bayesian probabilistic modelling, that allows Spatial Transcriptomics data to be leveraged together with the output of deep learning-based AI used to computationally annotate H&E-stained sections of the same tumor. By leveraging cell-type annotations from multiple independent pathologists, we show that this integrated methodology achieves better performance than any given pathologist’s manual tissue annotation in the task of identifying regions of immune cell infiltration in breast cancer, and easily outperforms either technology alone. We also show that on a subset of histopathology slides examined, the methodology can identify regions of clinically relevant immune cell infiltration that were missed entirely by an initial pathologist’s manual annotation. While this use case has clear diagnostic and prognostic value in cancer (e.g. predicting response to immunotherapy), our methodology is generalizable to any type of pathology images and also has broad applications in spatial transcriptomics data analytics, where most applications (such as identifying cell-cell interactions) rely on correct cell type annotations having been established a priori. We anticipate that this work will spur many follow-up studies, including new computational innovations building on the approach. The work sets the stage for better-than-pathologist performance in other cell-type annotation tasks, with relevant applications in diagnostics and prognostics across almost all cancers. Citation Format: Asif Zubair, Rich Chapple, Sivaraman Natarajan, William C. Wright, Min Pan, Hyeong-Min Lee, Heather Tillman, John Easton, Paul Geeleher. Jointly leveraging spatial transcriptomics and deep learning models for image annotation achieves better-than-pathologist performance in cell type identification in tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 456.

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Thalluri, Jyothi, and Joy Penman. "Virtual Pathology Learning Resource: A Promising Strategy in Teaching Pathology to Allied Health Science Students." Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology 15 (2018): 015–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/4026.

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Aim/Purpose: The objective of this study was to concept test a new instructional aid called Virtual Pathology Learning Resource (VPLR), which was used as a vehicle to communicate information and enhance teaching and learning of basic sciences (Anatomy, Physiology, and Pathology) to allied health science students at a South Australian university. Background: Pathology was traditionally taught using potted specimens to review disease manifestations independently. However, this approach was found inadequate and ineffective. VPLR is a new teaching platform comprising of digitised human normal and human pathology specimens (histology, histopathology), patient case studies, short answer and critical thinking questions, and self-assessment quizzes. Using authentic learning theory as an educational pedagogy, this learning resource was developed to enhance the teaching and learning of Pathology. Methodology: Cross-sectional study design was used. A survey, given at the end of the course, gathered qualitative and quantitative data concerning the perceptions and experiences of the students about VPLR and its components. The online tool SurveyMonkey was utilised so that students could respond anonymously to a web link that displayed the questionnaire. The perceived impact on students was assessed using an 18-item questionnaire seeking agreement or disagreement with statements about VPLR, multiple choice and open-ended questions querying the best things about VPLR, benefits to be derived, and areas for improvement. Descriptive and frequency analyses were performed. Contribution: The VPLR approach involved rich learning situations, contextualised content, and facilitated greater understanding of disease concepts and problems. Findings: In a sample of 103 Medical Radiation students, 42% of students (N=43) responded to the post-intervention survey. The majority of students reported highly positive effects for each component of the VPLR. The overall results indicated that this tool was a promising strategy in teaching Pathology as it assisted students’ gaining knowledge of the science, facilitated connections between sciences, and allowed students to make better links with professional practice and skills. Recommendations for Practitioners: As students found VPLR to be beneficial, it is recommended that the same approach is applied for the teaching of Pathology to other health science students, such as Nursing. Other universities might consider adopting the innovation for their courses. Recommendation for Researchers: Applying VPLR to teaching other allied health science students will be undertaken next. The innovation will be appropriate for other health science students with particular emphasis on case-based or problem-based learning and combined with clinical experiences. Impact on Society: In reshaping the way of teaching a science course, students are benefited with greater depth of understanding of content and increase motivation to study. These are important to keep students engaged and ready for practice. VPLR may impact on education and technology trends so that exploration and possibilities of initiatives are ongoing to help students become successful learners. Other impacts are the new forms of learning discovered, the renewed focus on group work and collaboration, and maximising the use of technology in innovation. Future Research: Future directions of this research would be to conduct a follow-up of this cohort of students to determine whether the impacts of the innovation were durable, meaning the change in perceptions and behaviour is sustained over time.

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Wardani, I. Gusti Agung Ayu Kusuma, Fitria Megawati, and Ni Made Dharma Shantini Suena. "The Effect of Dayak Onion Bulb Ethanol Extract (Sisyrinchium palmifolium L.) on Triglyceride Level and Aorta Histopathology in Diabetes Melitus White Rat Induced by Alloxan." Majalah Obat Tradisional 24, no. 2 (July 16, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/mot.38051.

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The high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Indonesia has made antidiabetic treatment efforts increasingly popular. In addition, the many side effects caused by the use of chemical drugs, triggered the development of research on herbal therapy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of Dayak onion bulb extract in reducing two-hour postprandial blood glucose, triglyceride levels, and the amount of lipid vacuoles in aorta blood vessels of diabetic rat. The long-term goal of this study is the creation of innovation products in the form of standardized herbs as complementary therapies that can be used daily by the community, so that the risk of morbidity can be reduced. The research design used was randomized control group pretest posttest design. The results of blood glucose analysis showed that there were significant differences between the positive control group with the 400 mg/KgBW and 800 mg/KgBW extract group, with a significance value of 0,000. In the extract group, 400 mg/KgBW with 800 mg/KgBW extract group showed no significant difference with a significance value of 0.390. The results of the analysis of triglyceride levels showed no significant difference between the positive control group with the 400 mg/KgBW extract group, with a significance value of 0.981. However, there were significant differences between the positive control group with the 800 mg/KgBW extract group with a significance value of 0.025. Between the 400 mg/KgBW and 800 mg/KgBW extract groups, there was a difference with a significance value of 0.024. Aorta histopathology results showed that there was a significant difference in the number of lipid vacuoles between the positive control group and the 400 mg/KgBW extract group and 800 mg/KgBW extract group. Based on the research, it can be concluded that the extract dose of 400 mg/KgBW is a dose that is able to influence the decrease in blood glucose levels, triglycerides and the amount of lipid vacuoles in the aorta blood vessels.

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Bagree, Rajendra, Gaurav Jalendra, Pradeep Panwar, Veena Shukla, and Hetish M. Reddy. "Total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy in 26 patients: single surgeon experience." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 674. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20210383.

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Background: Total laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy (TLPD) has become more feasible and preferred surgery for periampullary tumour. With the innovation of latest equipment and continuous learning curve, this has become more sophisticated and rampant, along the advantages of minimal invasive surgery. Methods: We analysed data of all the 26 patients who underwent TLPD from October 2015 to November 2019. Preoperative haematological, liver function test, tumour marker, MRCP, triphasic CT, scan with pancreatic protocol, endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration or brush cytology done for confirmation of diagnosis, nodal status and operability. Meticulously selected patients with periampullary carcinoma of tumour size≤2.5 cm included. Demographic data, operative time, length of hospital stay, post-operative complication and pathological analyses of resected specimen (en bloc) observed. Results: TLPD for periampullary tumours attempted in twenty-six patients among them six converted to open surgery. Patients were of both genders and mean age was 45 (27-60, SD7.4) years. The mean operative time was 353 SD 28.77 (306-420) minutes. Postoperatively, there were few complications and mean length of hospital stay was 11 (9-13 days) days. The histopathology revealed maximum no. of cholangiocarcinoma with negative margins and positive nodes in all the patients.Conclusions: TLPD is feasible, safe and promising alternative to the standard open surgery with expert hands. This has benefits of short hospital stay, less blood loss, cosmetic, early recovery with few complications. Short-term surgical outcomes are superior or comparable to open surgery.

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P, Umasankar, Poornima Vijayan, Hazwa K. Hamza, Asiq Sideeque, and Anupama Ponniah. "A simple and cost effective technique for construction of tissue microarrays." Journal of Pathology of Nepal 8, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 1265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v8i1.19449.

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Background: Tissue microarray is widely used in histopathology and biomedical research. Construction of tissue microarray can help institutes to considerably reduce, cost of consumables, skilled man power needed and time needed in performing high output research. However resource poor centers in developing countries have hardly any access to such techniques. The aim of this research is to develop simple, cost effective technique for making tissue microarray.Materials and methods: Materials available in a standard pathology laboratory such as skin punch biopsy needle, bone marrow aspiration needle, trephine biopsy needle, stylet, paraffin wax, hot air oven, slide warming table, drawing pin and measuring scale were used in developing this tissue microarray. The tissue array thus developed was sectioned using a standard microtome. Immunohistochemical studies were also performed on these tissue array sections which yielded satisfactory results.Results: This technique for construction of TMAs is simple and cost effective. When 3.5 to 3mm cores were used we were able to construct arrays up to 32 cores in one block. When 1mm cores were used we were able to construct arrays with 100 representative cores in one block. Morphological identification, histological typing and grading could be done in TMA sectionsConclusion: Tissue microarray is a relatively recent innovation in the field of pathology. We hope that our technique will encourage the younger researchers to take up research projects of large sample size requiring molecular studies with significantly lesser economic burden and thus leading to a significant acceleration in the transition of basic research findings into clinical applications.

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Zhang, Kun, JunHong Fu, Liang Hua, Peijian Zhang, Yeqin Shao, Sheng Xu, Huiyu Zhou, Li Chen, and Jing Wang. "Multiple Morphological Constraints-Based Complex Gland Segmentation in Colorectal Cancer Pathology Image Analysis." Complexity 2020 (July 28, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6180457.

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Histological assessment of glands is one of the major concerns in colon cancer grading. Considering that poorly differentiated colorectal glands cannot be accurately segmented, we propose an approach for segmentation of glands in colon cancer images, based on the characteristics of lumens and rough gland boundaries. First, we use a U-net for stain separation to obtain H-stain, E-stain, and background stain intensity maps. Subsequently, epithelial nucleus is identified on the histopathology images, and the lumen segmentation is performed on the background intensity map. Then, we use the axis of least inertia-based similar triangles as the spatial characteristics of lumens and epithelial nucleus, and a triangle membership is used to select glandular contour candidates from epithelial nucleus. By connecting lumens and epithelial nucleus, more accurate gland segmentation is performed based on the rough gland boundary. The proposed stain separation approach is unsupervised, and the stain separation makes the category information contained in the H&E image easy to identify and deal with the uneven stain intensity and the inconspicuous stain difference. In this project, we use deep learning to achieve stain separation by predicting the stain coefficient. Under the deep learning framework, we design a stain coefficient interval model to improve the stain generalization performance. Another innovation is that we propose the combination of the internal lumen contour of adenoma and the outer contour of epithelial cells to obtain a precise gland contour. We compare the performance of the proposed algorithm against that of several state-of-the-art technologies on publicly available datasets. The results show that the segmentation approach combining the characteristics of lumens and rough gland boundary has better segmentation accuracy.

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Noor, Bashir Ahmad, Muhammad Afham Shahid, Seema Butt, Muhammad Umair Afzal, Ahmal Fawad Zafar, and Hafiz Zaheer Ahmed. "Diagnostic Accuracy of FNAC for Detection of Malignancy in Palpable Breast Lump and its Comparison with Tru-Cut Biopsy." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 368–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169368.

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Breast cancer is the commonest malignancy in women worldwide and leading cause of cancer related deaths in women, almost half of these occurring in developing countries. Aim was to know the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC for detection of malignancy in palpable breast lump and its comparison with tru-cut biopsy Methodology: Six months following the publication of this report, researchers in the Surgical Department of Allied Hospital Faisalabad conducted this study. Starting on March 31st, 2019, and running all the way through September 30th, 2019. Allied Hospital Faisalabad's ethics council approved the study's summary, and patients who presented to the hospital's breast clinic with a palpable breast lump met the criteria for inclusion in the research. Across all patients, histopathology was performed on FNAC, tru-cut, and excisional biopsy specimens. H&E staining was performed on both the tru-cut biopsy and tissue specimens from later excision procedures to examine the histological characteristics of the tumor tissue. Results: In our study, out of 190 cases, frequency of malignancy on was recorded in 28.42%(n=54), the diagnostic accuracy of Tru-cut biopsy for detection of malignancy in patients with palpable breast lump taking histopathology examination after excision biopsy (HPE) as gold standard was recorded as 80.33% sensitivity, 96.12% specificity, 90.74% positive predictive value,91.18% negative predictive value and 91.05% accuracy rate, likelihood ratio was calculated as 20.72 and diagnostic accuracy of FNAC biopsy for detection of malignancy in patients with palpable breast lump taking histopathology examination after excision biopsy (HPE) as gold standard was recorded as 70.49% sensitivity, 93.80% specificity, 84.31% positive predictive value, 87.05% negative predictive value and 86.32% accuracy rate, likelihood ratio was calculated as 11.37. Conclusion: As far as diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of malignancy in patients with palpable breast lumps, FNAC and Tru-cut biopsy are both good, although Tru-cut biopsy is more accurate than FNAC in terms of detecting the disease. Keywords: Palpable breast lump, malignancy, diagnosis, FNAC, Tru-cut biopsy, diagnostic accuracy

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Bicho, D., E. Comma, L. Oliveira, R. F. Santos, A. Moreira, M. Mallo, M. I. Bokarewa, and A. M. Carmo. "THU0071 CD5L IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: PROTECTIVE OR PROMOTER?" Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 248.2–248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6376.

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Background:Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an aggressive auto-immune disease characterized by synovial hyperplasia and chronic inflammation. The main players of RA pathogenesis are T-cell and B-cell dependent pathways and some myeloid cells are also abundant in the synovial tissue. However, how inflammation is initiated, propagated and maintained remains controversial. Unbiased proteomic reports revealed an enrichment in the scavenger receptor CD5L, a component of serum and synovial tissues of arthritic patients.1 Upon secretion, this blood circulating glycoprotein represses pathogenic Th17 cells, promotes M2 polarization and binds and aggregates Gram-negative and -positive bacteria.2-4 However, its mechanisms of action has not been established either in health or disease.Objectives:We intend to clarify whether CD5L is an immune component that helps resolving RA or a factor that aggravates the disease.Methods:We analyzed by ELISA the presence of CD5L in samples from RA patients covering different stages of the disease, and correlated with other markers of RA. In parallel, we experimentally induced collagen induced arthritis (CIA) in CD5L knockout (KO) mice to evaluate the incidence and severity of the disease. The differences between the cellular groups in circulation vs the composition on secondary lymph organs using flow cytometry were also investigated in KO and WT mice. The histopathology of the joints was examined, while cytokine concentrations at several timepoints and total Ig levels were measured by ELISA and cytometric bead assays, respectively.Results:The samples from RA patients showed increased CD5L levels concomitant with the severity of the disease and a direct correlation with Sharp RTG Score or IL-6 serum levels, and inversely correlated with COMP levels. However, these correlations did not clarify whether CD5L helps to resolve RA or is a component that aggravates the disease. To clarify this aspect, we provoked CIA in CD5L KO mice and observed a higher incidence of RA, higher severity and a much lower recovery rate when compared with WT mice. To corroborate these data, the H&E staining of sagittal section of fore- and hindpaws revealed histopathology consistency with RA, with notable inflammatory signs especially in KO mice. WT animals with RA also showed higher levels of CD5L when compared with the control group, which confirms the observations obtained for human samples. Total serum IgG levels did not correlate with the disease severity but KO mice presented higher quantities of IgG and IL-6 when compared with WT mice.Conclusion:Overall, these data imply that CD5L is not a promoter of the disease but rather a fundamental protective molecule against inflammation.References:[1]Balakrishnan L et al. (2014) Clin Proteom 11:1[2]Wang C et al. (2015) Cell 163:1413-27[3]Sanjurjo L et al. (2018) Front Immunol 9:480[4]Martinez VG et al. (2014) Cell Mol Immunol 11:343–354Acknowledgments:This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No683356-FOLSMARTDisclosure of Interests:None declared

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Zandonella Callegher, Sara, Ivan Giovannini, Sabine Zenz, Valeria Manfrè, Martin H. Stradner, Alojzija Hocevar, Marwin Gutierrez, Luca Quartuccio, Salvatore De Vita, and Alen Zabotti. "Sjögren syndrome: looking forward to the future." Therapeutic Advances in Musculoskeletal Disease 14 (January 2022): 1759720X2211002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1759720x221100295.

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Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) is a heterogeneous disease characterised by a wide spectrum of manifestations that vary according to the different stages of the disease and among different subsets of patients. The aim of this qualitative literature review is to summarise the recent advances that have been reported in pSS, ranging from the early phases to the established disease and its complications. We analysed the diagnostic, prognostic, and management aspects of pSS, with a look into future clinical and research developments. The early phases of pSS, usually antedating diagnosis, allow us to investigate the pathophysiology and risk factors of the overt disease, thus allowing better and timely patient stratification. Salivary gland ultrasound (SGUS) is emerging as a valid complementary, or even alternative, tool for histopathology in the diagnosis of pSS, due to a standardised scoring system with good agreement and performance. Other promising innovations include the application of artificial intelligence to SGUS, ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy, and a wide array of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. Stratifying pSS patients through the integration of clinical, laboratory, imaging, and histopathological data; differentiating between activity-related and damage-related manifestations; and identifying patients at higher risk of lymphoma development are essential steps for an optimal management and individualised treatment approach. As new treatment options are emerging for both glandular and systemic manifestations, there is a need for a more reliable treatment response evaluation. pSS is a complex and heterogeneous disease, and many distinct aspects should be considered in the different stages of the disease and subsets of patients. In recent years, efforts have been made to improve our understanding of the disease, and certainly in the coming years, some of these novelties will become part of our routine clinical practice, thus improving the management of pSS patients.

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Geng, Rui, Li Pan, Sutang Guo, Jiexian Jing, Xu Dong Zhang, and Xia Song. "The level of soluble programmed death ligand-1 in lung cancer: An exploratory biomarker study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 26_suppl (October 9, 2016): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.26_suppl.249.

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249 Background: A new approach to immunotherapy based on programmed death 1 (PD-1) and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) pathway represents a remarkable innovation in lung cancer treatment. There is growing evidence that lung cancer cells exploit the PD-L1 to cause local immune-suppression. The aim of this prospective study was to investigate the prevalence and prognostic roles of soluble PD-L1 (sPD-L1) protein in the blood of patients with lung cancer. Methods: A total of 159 patients with lung cancer who were diagnosed by histopathology or cytopathology between July 2013 and October 2015 were enrolled. Blood samples plasma were collected at the time of diagnosis. 85 samples of healthy subjects matching in sex and age from the Health care Center of the hospital were also studied as control. The level of sPD-L1 protein in the blood was measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). 64 cases of patients with lung cancer who were treated with platinum based chemotherapy for 4-6 cycles were followed up. The median follow-up duration since the time of diagnosis was 18.6 months (range, 4-26.6 months). The associations between the level of sPD-L1 expression and clinicopathologic features and prognosis were statistically analyzed. Results: Expression of sPD-L1 in patients with lung cancer was significantly up-regulated compared with health people (P < 0.001). A cut-off value of 2.37ng/ml was distinguished in patients according to Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). The expression of sPD-L1 was associated with abdominal organ metastasis (P = 0.015). A high sPD-L1 expression had a worse prognosis than a low expression in patients (13.4 months vs 19.8 months, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Our results indicated that plasma sPD-L1 protein was elevated in patients with lung cancer and was associated with a poor prognosis. Plasma sPD-L1 protein is a potent predicting biomarker in lung cancer and may play a pivotal role in tumor immune evasion.

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Soma, Rani Roy, Nuruddin Murtuza, and Asgar Ali. "Scenario of Retinoblastoma Among Bangladeshi Children – A Single Center Experience of 10 Years." BOHR International Journal of Current Research in Optometry and Ophthalmology 1, no. 1 (2021): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijcroo.017.

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Background: Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor of childhood and most detected cases are from Indian subcontinent. Here we explore the presentation of retinoblastoma with its histopathological features and treatment outcome in a tertiary eye care center in Bangladesh. Method: This was a retrospective study of 70 eyes of 60 patients in a ten years period from 2006 to 2016 who had met the criteria regarding demographic profile, clinical presentation, management and histopathology. Tumor was classified based on IIRC (International Intraocular Retinoblastoma Classification) for intraocular tumor and IRSS (International Retinoblastoma Staging System) for extraocular tumor by reviewing the data revealed from EUA, imaging and histopathology. Result: The mean age of presentation was (Table 1) 31.3 ± 21.68 months, range was 4 months to 96 months and the most frequent presenting age was 12 months. Fifty three percent of children presented between 13 months and 59 months. Mild male predominance was 53.3% (n = 32). Unilateral cases were 71.3% (n = 43) and 6.7% (n = 4) of patients had positive family history. The most common presenting sign was leucocoria (85%) followed by strabismus (18.3%) and proptosis (13.3%). Fifty five (91.6%) children presented with intraocular tumor and 64.9% were with Group E. Enucleation (91.6%) was the prime treatment modality and histopathological risk factor was positive in 51.7% cases among 63.3% cases of primary enucleation. Fifty percent of treated children were in regular follow up. Conclusion: Most children presented delayed and prime treatment modality was enucleation. Only half of the patients were in regular follow up. Generation of awareness, proper referral, information regarding treatment availability and early detection of cases can increase the survival rate and globe salvage.

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K, Papageorgiou, and Papageorgiou G. "An innovative method and a medical screening device for cancer detection in real-time." Annals of Mathematics and Physics 6, no. 1 (June 17, 2023): 075–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/amp.000083.

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Histopathology is the main technique to assess the presence of cancer cells in biopsy material and for the evaluation of positive resection margins, but it is not real-time. Older methods to assess resection margin intraoperatively are either time-consuming or exhibit a low accuracy. More recent imaging techniques have various drawbacks, like the need for exogenous contrast agents or excessive time to assess the entire resection surface or a low diagnostic performance in detecting certain types of cancer. The purpose of the current research work is the development of a medical screening device for cancer cells detection with very high accuracy and selectivity, based on a newly developed method in order to experimentally measure in real-time the excitation response of the charged elements of the biological tissue under study to the applied alternative electrical field, over a wide range of frequency spectra. The aim of this study is to present an innovative method and results from a prototype medical screening device, which allows the selective and “real-time” detection of cancer cells of any type among normal cells in any tissue type. The innovation of the proposed method lies in the view of the cell membrane emulation as an electrical circuit and also in the ability to experimentally measure in real-time the excitation response of the charged elements of the biological tissue under studies like ions, interfaces or dipoles to the applied alternative electrical field, over a wide range of frequency spectra according to the dielectric spectroscopy method. The ions can very easily follow the variations of the applied alternating electric field moving along the dynamic lines of the field. In contrast, the incapability of the abnormal neoplastic cellular formations to follow the frequency changes causes them to perform dipole oscillation instead of moving along the dynamic lines of the field. This experimentally appears as a significant increase of the capacitive component contribution to the total impedance of the tissue, relative to the purely electrical resistance contribution of the ions. A model, backed by the relevant mathematical equations, has been developed to integrate the unknown impedance of both the tissue under assessment and the interdigital micro-sensor with the known complex impedance of the data acquisition system. The ability to selectively detect cancer cells has an obvious interest and various applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy.

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Dreyfuss, Alexandra, Ioannis Verginadis, Khayrullo Shoniyozov, Paco Bravo, Steven Feigenberg, Bonnie Ky, and Constantinos Koumenis. "3173 A Mouse Model to Study Image-Guided, Radiation-Induced Cardiac Injury and Potential Clinically Targetable Biologic Mediators." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 3, s1 (March 2019): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2019.230.

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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: The overall objective of this study is to develop a novel, clinically-relevant, image-guided mouse model for radiation-induced cardiotoxicity, which can be used to gain insight into clinically-targetable, pathophysiologic mechanisms of cardiac injury in thoracic radiotherapy patients. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Photon or sham radiation will be administered at differential doses to a defined portion of the heart and/or lungs of C57BL/6 female mice using micro-CT visualization of the heart with Xstrahl’s MuriSlice Software applied to the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform (SARRP). Cardiac and lung segments from a subset of mice will be harvested at specific time points for confirmation of radiation targeting, local apoptosis assessment, and evaluation of fibrosis and vascular tissue morphology. Quantitative echocardiography, myocardial 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT), and myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) with Technicium-99 (Tc-99) sestamibi will be implemented to identify sensitive imaging measures of cardiac injury and asses myocardial mechanics, inflammation, and perfusion deficits, respectively. Concurrently, a multiparametric analysis will be conducted to identify novel, circulating biomarkers of cardiotoxicity. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: We hypothesize that a clinically-relevant mouse model can be generated by the in situ, focal irradiation of a portion of heart and/or lung tissue segments, and can be used to elucidate molecular mechanisms of radiation-induced cardiac damage. We anticipate time-dependent and dose-dependent, focal histopathologic changes in the mouse heart, with cardiac fibrosis development, vascular damage, and cellular apoptosis in irradiated mice. Additionally, we anticipate that our mouse model of focal heart irradiation will reveal radiologic and biochemical changes that can be used to characterize and predict radiation-induced cardiac injury. Specifically, we expect our quantitative echocardiography, FDG-PET, and MPI parameters to identify and characterize cardiac damage that topographically matches histopathological analysis, and expect levels of select biochemical markers to differentially vary with time. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Our mouse model of radiation-induced cardiotoxicity has the potential to shift current preclinical research paradigms to more closely mimic the radiation plans most commonly administered in clinical practice. The primary technologic innovation to be developed here is the use of the SARRP to deliver image-guided, in situ, focal radiation to a defined portion of the mouse heart. From a conceptual perspective, we propose a novel approach for phenotyping radiation-induced cardiac damage in patients undergoing chest radiation therapy, integrating sensitive radiomic and biochemical markers into a predictive model of cardiotoxicity.

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Khalid, Muhammad, M. Zeeshan Sikandar, Sardar Z. Akbar Khan, Warda Khalid, Hafiz Muhammad Abdullah ,. Tahir, and Tayyaba Tahir. "Frequency of Hyperbilirubinemia in Perforated Appendicitis - A Current Update on Diagnostics and Management." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 17, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs202317251.

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Background: Perforated appendix can be detected earlier by chemically with the aid of hyperbilirubinemia. It is a simple non-invasive modality that can aid to detecting complicated appendicitis and avoid morbidity. Aim: To assess frequency of hyperbilirubinemia in patients undergoing appendectomy due to perforated appendicitis. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in which a total of 75 patients undergoing emergency appendectomy due to perforated appendicitis and age 15-70 years were recruited. Patients with CLD, pregnancy, Congenital or acquired biliary disease, alcoholism and hemolytic disease were excluded. Blood sample was obtained and was sent to the hospital histopathology laboratory and it was reported by consultant pathologist for assessment of hyperbilirubinemia. Results: Age range in this study was from 15-70 years with mean age of 30.69±14.37 years. Majority of the patients 56(74.67%) were 15-40 years of age. Out of these 75 patients, 43(57.33%) were male and 32(42.67%) were females. Mean hyperbilirubinemia was 1.67±0.87 mg/dl. Frequency of hyperbilirubinemia in patients undergoing appendectomy due to perforated appendicitis was found in 63 (84.0%) patients. Practical implication: This will aid in prompt diagnosis and early management of perforated appendix, and serum bilirubin can be used as modality for diagnosis in the absence of ultrasound facility. Conclusion: Frequency of hyperbilirubinemia in patients undergoing appendectomy due to perforated appendicitis is very high. Keywords: perforated appendicitis, hyperbilirubinemia, appendectomy, bilirubin level, perforation, sensitivity.

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Patel, Ravish, Shivam Shah, Naresh Kumar, and Shammi Patel. "Periosteal Variety of Sacral Osteoid Osteoma Encroaching into the Spinal Canal – Treatment with a Tubular Retractor System: Case Report." Back Bone Journal 2, no. 2 (2021): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/bbj.2022.v02i02.028.

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Background: Osteoid osteomas are benign primary bone tumors with a predilection for posterior elements of the spinal column. Complete surgical excision through a traditional open approach is the treatment of choice for patients not responding to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications and patients with contraindications for nidus ablation. The study aims to highlight an alternative minimally invasive technique for complete surgical excision of osteoid osteoma encroaching into the spinal canal. Methods: We report a case of 22 years-old obese male suffering from left S1 radiculopathy and night pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (CT)-scan of the lumbosacral region revealed a benign bony lesion of size 13 mm × 11 mm × 8 mm encroaching from S1 lamina into the spinal canal and compressing left S1 root. Peri-lesional bony sclerosis and soft tissue edema were absent. In view of obesity and a small size of the lesion, it was decided to remove the lesion with a tubular retractor system under general anesthesia. Complete resection of the lesion was carried out sparing the L5-S1 facet, with a minimally invasive approach. Results: Patient had complete symptomatic improvement after the surgery. Histopathology showed interconnected trabeculae of woven bone matrix rimmed by osteoclasts consistent with the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma. Post-operative CT scan showed that the nidus was removed completely and important structures such as facet, pedicle, and midline posterior ligament complex were preserved. The patient resumed his daily activities and remained symptoms-free at the end of 6 months of follow-up. Conclusion: Minimally invasive surgery using a tubular retractor system can be safe and effective alternative to traditional open surgery for excision of osteoid osteoma from the posterior elements. Faster recovery, minimal tissue damage, and early return to work are added advantages for an obese patient undergoing minimally invasive total surgical excision. Keywords: Benign bone tumors, Sacral spine, Osteoid osteoma, Periosteal osteoid osteoma, Minimally invasive spine surgery, Tubular retractor system

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Ahmad, Safwan, Muhammad Shafiq, Mahwish Faizan, Huma Zafar, Shazia Riaz, and Sadia Anwar. "Outcome of Pediatric Neuroblastoma at the Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 9 (September 30, 2022): 901–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22169901.

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Objective: To demonstrate outcome of pediatric neuroblastoma at The Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore. Study design: Descriptive observational study Place and duration: The study was conducted in Pediatric Hematology Oncology department, The Children’s Hospital and the Institute of Child Health, Lahore in twelve months from March 2020 to February 2021. Methodology: Study was conducted on total of 60 patients of diagnosed neuroblastoma. Main variables of study were age, parent’s education, socioeconomic status, traveling distance, LTS, and INSS stage, metastatic sites, tumor size and outcome. SPSS version 23.1 was used for data analysis. Test of significance was applied taking p value ≤0.05 as significant value. Results: Regarding histopathology, fifty eight 96% patients had neuroblastoma while 4% patients had ganglioneuroblastoma. Life threatening symptoms were present in 85% patients. Most common primary sites were suprarenal 45%, retroperitoneum 25%, pre/paravertebral 11%, posterior mediastinal 11%, others 6%. Metastasis were present in 40% patients at diagnosis and most common metastatic sites were bone marrow 21%, bone 8% and both 10%. Six(10%) patients with stage 2 showed complete remission ,2(3%) partial remission, 2(3%) patients with stage 3 achieved complete remission ,19(34%) partial remission, 4(7%) patients with stage3 expired, 18(30%) patients with stage 4 were put on palliation initially, 2(3%) patients with stage 4S showed complete remission. Conclusion: The survival outcomes of children with neuroblastoma who were treated at the children hospital lahore between march-2020 and fab-2021are compareable to those in developed and developing countries. A high level of suspicion for neuroblastoma is necessary, especially in children under five years of age with an abdominal mass. This can only be ensured through proper education of health care providers about this aggressive childhood malignancy. Advanced disease presentation is common, high-risk neuroblastoma is considered challenging and has one of the least favourable outcomes among cancers. Late diagnosis due to cultural and socioeconomic barriers and lack of care at primary care level and poor referral to oncology units owing to deficient health care system are still considered the major contributory factors for poor outcome. However, newer treatment strategies are mandated to improve outcomes in pediatric patients who are at high-risk and display relapse. Moreover, multidisciplinary approach with the establishment of infrastructure is the need of time to provide integrated care. Keywords: Neuroblastoma, Outcome, Management, Children

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Lapeña, José Florencio F. "Rhetoric and Reality: Nomenclature and Notoriety." Philippine Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 22, no. 1-2 (November 28, 2007): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.32412/pjohns.v22i1-2.785.

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“We spin a web of dreams in our mind; the silken rainbow threads make us blind; and so we travel on, but we never find; the things in life we left behind1” The act of naming establishes a power relationship between “namer” and “named”. In the patriarchal tradition, for instance, man’s dominion over the rest of nature was symbolized by the privilege of naming “all the cattle and the fowl of the heavens and all the beasts of the field.”2 We bestow names not only on our children, but on our pets, properties and subordinates. The terms “Nabinyagan” or “Nabansagan” refer to the informal process of such social assignations. The “namer” assumes dominance in the relationship over the “named.” The process is not reciprocal (at least not overtly). In Filipino culture, as in other vertically-oriented societies, subordinates/youth do not address superiors/elders solely by name, but by appending a title denoting the relationship between both parties (Lolo/Lola Tatay/Nanay, Tiyo/Tiya, Kuya/Ate, Diko/Ditse, Sanko/Sanse, Sir/Ma’am) Such practices are less evident in more horizontally oriented socio-cultural contexts such as North America, where grandparents and parents-in-law may be addressed by their first name alone. The act of naming may also define3 (de, “completely” + finire, “to limit, set bounds, end”) reality for the bestower. Whether such nomenclature pertains to stars and planets, taxonomies of flora and fauna, the pharmacopoeia or computer language, recognition and use of a name allow one to understand it and to know some of its secrets. Like a magic key, using a name unlocks a relationship between the user and the person, animal or object named. Agreement on and shared use of such “rhetoric” by other observers constitutes “objectification” of what would hitherto be “subjective” reality, but may also promote “shared delusion” as was the case with the proverbial “Emperor’s New Clothes.”4 In such a situation, courage can hardly begin to describe the one who dares speak out, as he or she promptly becomes fair game for those who would prefer the delusions of darkness to the harsh realities of light. And prophets and bearers of bad news are notoriously unwelcome in their own country. As is the case with any organization, professional associations are made up of individuals and aggrupations bound by shared interests as much as (or more than) by shared friendships. These shared interests find expression in shared terminologies, while concealing self-serving agendas. What happens when rhetoric does not match reality? To call a spade a spade may be considered “impolite” and “undiplomatic,” yet coming “out of the mouths of babes” is refreshingly, disarmingly direct. Such requires the childlike ability to say things as they are, without rancor or hidden agenda. How often do we encounter empty words and phrases, devoid of meaning because the realities they supposedly point to do not really exist? How often do we ourselves silently conspire, by omission if not commission, to uphold such vacuous rhetoric? And in so doing, how much of our power do we invest in and ascribe to that which does not really exist? Does the fact that there are many of us sharing the same delusions make us less deluded? Were we more transparent in our dealings, would reality be more apparent? _________________________________ This issue pays tribute to three colleagues who passed away this year, and coinciding with the 12th Asian Research Research Symposium in Rhinology, features a meta-analysis on intranasal corticosteroids for the medical management of nasal polyps in adults, a case report of intravascular lymphoma of the inferior turbinate, a grand rounds discussion of rhinophyma, a histopathologic case of sinonasal teratoid carcinosarcoma and practice pearls on nasal saline lavage. In addition, we have original and review articles in otology and audiology, a case report in oropharyngology, surgical innovations and instrumentation in otology and laryngology, and a radiologic discussion of ossifying fibroma. Of the manuscripts submitted for possible publication, many did not comply with our instructions to authors, did not submit or revise in time to complete the editorial and review process, or did not comply with the process itself. In some cases, reviewers were not accorded the professional courtesy they deserved, considering their stature in their respective fields, and their kindness in performing the reviews gratis et amore. To them, we can only apologize in behalf of these authors, and reiterate our gratitude for their generous support. To the authors whose manuscripts are still in process, we look forward to seeing your articles in print in forthcoming issues, and thank you for “plodding on with us” as we strive to continue publishing a journal worthy of your scholarly efforts. In this regard, thanks are also due our PSO-HNS President Eutrapio S. Guevara, and the Board of Trustees for the continuing financial and management support. May we continue to receive this same support from you, our valued contributors and readers.

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Yoshikawa, Akira Leon, Takaki Omura, Atsushi Takahashi‐Kanemitsu, and Etsuo A. Susaki. "Blueprints from plane to space: outlook of next‐generation three‐dimensional histopathology." Cancer Science, February 5, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cas.16095.

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AbstractHere, we summarize the literature relevant to recent advances in three‐dimensional (3D) histopathology in relation to clinical oncology, highlighting serial sectioning, tissue clearing, light‐sheet microscopy, and digital image analysis with artificial intelligence. We look forward to a future where 3D histopathology expands our understanding of human pathophysiology and improves patient care through cross‐disciplinary collaboration and innovation.

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Bracey, Tim, Saimah Arif, Angela Mercy Ralte, Abeer M. Shaaban, and Raji Ganesan. "Histopathology during the COVID-19 pandemic: resilience through adaptation and innovation." Diagnostic Histopathology, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mpdhp.2020.12.003.

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Ludzik, Joanna, Claudia Lee, Alexander Witkowski, Jonathon Hetts, and Sancy Leachman. "Novel Ink - Stained Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Guided Pigmented Skin Lesion Biopsy Technique: Reducing Pathology Sample Bias Through Improved Precision." Annals of Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (February 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33582/2637-4927/1023.

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With skin cancer incidence rate steadily increasing each year, melanoma continues to pose a significant public health problem globally. It is well-known that early detection and prevention of melanoma remains the most important intervention for reducing morbidity and mortality, therefore it is imperative to promote innovation that will advance our ability to diagnose melanoma early. Because prognosis and treatment are dependent on the depth of dermal involvement, definitive diagnosis of melanoma can only be made through histopathologic assessment [1]. Thus, appropriate sampling of tissue is critical for the accurate evaluation of melanoma.

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Ludzik, Joanna, Claudia Lee, Alexander Witkowsk, Jonathon Hets, and Sancy Leachman. "Novel Ink - Stained Reflectance Confocal Microscopy Guided Pigmented Skin Lesion Biopsy Technique: Reducing Pathology Sample Bias Through Improved Precision." Annals of Biotechnology 5, no. 1 (February 18, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33582/annbiotechnol.2022.1023.

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With skin cancer incidence rate steadily increasing each year, melanoma continues to pose a significant public health problem globally. It is well-known that early detection and prevention of melanoma remains the most important intervention for reducing morbidity and mortality, therefore it is imperative to promote innovation that will advance our ability to diagnose melanoma early. Because prognosis and treatment are dependent on the depth of dermal involvement, definitive diagnosis of melanoma can only be made through histopathologic assessment [1]. Thus, appropriate sampling of tissue is critical for the accurate evaluation of melanoma.

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Procter, Rob, Mark Rouncefield, Peter Tolmie, and Clare Verrill. "Everyday Diagnostic Work in the Histopathology Lab: CSCW Perspectives on the Utilization of Data-Driven Clinical Decision Support Systems." Computer Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW), April 24, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10606-024-09496-9.

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AbstractIn this paper we present an ethnographic study of the work of histopathologists as they grapple with the twin innovations of transitioning to digital biopsy images and the prospective adoption of an AI-based clinical decision support system (CDSS). We explore how they are adapting to the former and their expectations of the latter. The study’s ethnomethodologically-informed ethnography approach brings to light some key issues regarding the nature of diagnostic work, and accountability and trust that are central to the successful adoption of technological innovations in clinical settings.

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Baker, Clayton R., Matthew Pease, Daniel P. Sexton, Andrew Abumoussa, and Lola B. Chambless. "Artificial intelligence innovations in neurosurgical oncology: a narrative review." Journal of Neuro-Oncology, July 3, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11060-024-04757-5.

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Abstract Purpose Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly integrated clinically within neurosurgical oncology. This report reviews the cutting-edge technologies impacting tumor treatment and outcomes. Methods A rigorous literature search was performed with the aid of a research librarian to identify key articles referencing AI and related topics (machine learning (ML), computer vision (CV), augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), etc.) for neurosurgical care of brain or spinal tumors. Results Treatment of central nervous system (CNS) tumors is being improved through advances across AI—such as AL, CV, and AR/VR. AI aided diagnostic and prognostication tools can influence pre-operative patient experience, while automated tumor segmentation and total resection predictions aid surgical planning. Novel intra-operative tools can rapidly provide histopathologic tumor classification to streamline treatment strategies. Post-operative video analysis, paired with rich surgical simulations, can enhance training feedback and regimens. Conclusion While limited generalizability, bias, and patient data security are current concerns, the advent of federated learning, along with growing data consortiums, provides an avenue for increasingly safe, powerful, and effective AI platforms in the future.

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P M D Ali Khan and Venkatesan Selvam. "A Review Study on Health Informatics in Histopathology images using Deep Learning." international journal of engineering technology and management sciences, September 28, 2022, 174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.46647/ijetms.2022.v06i05.024.

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With a huge inundation of multimodality information, the job of information examination in health informatics has developed quickly somewhat recently. This has additionally incited increasing interests in the age of insightful, information driven models in view of Artificial Intelligence in health informatics. Deep learning, a method with its establishment in counterfeit brain organizations, is arising lately as a strong device for machine learning, promising to reshape the future of computerized reasoning. Fast upgrades in computational power, quick information stockpiling, and parallelization have likewise contributed to the quick take-up of the innovation notwithstanding its prescient power and capacity to create consequently operation significant level elements and semantic translation from the input information. This paper presents an exhaustive up-to-date audit of exploration utilizing deep learning in health informatics, giving a basic examination of the relative legitimacy, also, expected entanglements of the procedure as well as its future standpoint. The paper mostly centers around key utilizations of deep learning in the fields of translational bioinformatics, clinical imaging, unavoidable detecting, clinical informatics, what's more, general health issues.

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Schreidah, Celine M., Emily R. Gordon, Oluwaseyi Adeuyan, Caroline Chen, Brigit A. Lapolla, Joshua A. Kent, George Bingham Reynolds, et al. "Current status of artificial intelligence methods for skin cancer survival analysis: a scoping review." Frontiers in Medicine 11 (April 22, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2024.1243659.

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Skin cancer mortality rates continue to rise, and survival analysis is increasingly needed to understand who is at risk and what interventions improve outcomes. However, current statistical methods are limited by inability to synthesize multiple data types, such as patient genetics, clinical history, demographics, and pathology and reveal significant multimodal relationships through predictive algorithms. Advances in computing power and data science enabled the rise of artificial intelligence (AI), which synthesizes vast amounts of data and applies algorithms that enable personalized diagnostic approaches. Here, we analyze AI methods used in skin cancer survival analysis, focusing on supervised learning, unsupervised learning, deep learning, and natural language processing. We illustrate strengths and weaknesses of these approaches with examples. Our PubMed search yielded 14 publications meeting inclusion criteria for this scoping review. Most publications focused on melanoma, particularly histopathologic interpretation with deep learning. Such concentration on a single type of skin cancer amid increasing focus on deep learning highlight growing areas for innovation; however, it also demonstrates opportunity for additional analysis that addresses other types of cutaneous malignancies and expands the scope of prognostication to combine both genetic, histopathologic, and clinical data. Moreover, researchers may leverage multiple AI methods for enhanced benefit in analyses. Expanding AI to this arena may enable improved survival analysis, targeted treatments, and outcomes.

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SUTEJO, Ika. "Effectiveness of Edamame (Glycine max L. Merril) Membrane in Accelerating The Wound Healing Process of Deep-Partial Thickness Burn." Hacettepe University Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, August 3, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52794/hujpharm.1111499.

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The gold standard for deep-partial thickness burns is early excision and skin graft; however, many hospitals in Indonesia still use conventional treatment due to the high cost of surgery and the requirement of qualified medical professionals. This research aimed to study the effectiveness of edamame (Glycine max. L Merill) membrane as therapeutic innovation in deep-partial thickness burns. Forty-eight male Wistar rats with deep-partial thickness burns were assigned randomly to four groups, including control and treatment (silver sulfadiazine, the membrane with 40% and 60% edamame extract). Measuring wound healing parameters such as macroscopic evaluation, histopathologic, and hydroxyproline was examined on days 4, 10, and 16. Treatment groups of membrane edamame significantly improved wound healing than the control group. Macroscopically, histopathological findings and hydroxyproline assay confirmed the efficacy of the edamame membrane at 60%, which provided the best healing results. This study showed that edamame membrane is effective as deep-partial thickness burns wound dressing.

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