Дисертації з теми "Histoire des grammaires"
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Kistereva, Maria. "L'exemple dans les grammaires de l'Europe occidentale des XVe et XVIe siècles." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209003.
Повний текст джерелаC’est à cette époque que la plupart des langues vernaculaires de l’Europe ont été soumises pour la première fois et de façon globale à une codification grammaticale :c’est alors qu’ont été rédigées ou publiées les premières grammaires italiennes (1430-1440), espagnoles (1492), allemandes (1534), portugaises (1536), néerlandaises (1584) et anglaises (1586) (cf. Percival, 1975 ;Padley, 1985 ;Swiggers, 1987).
Dans l’Europe romane, jusqu’au XVe siècle, seule la langue latine possédait le triple privilège de disposer d’une forme écrite, de jouir d’une description grammaticale et d’être, de ce fait, l’objet de réflexions scientifiques et d’enseignement. L’apparition de grammaires des langues romanes, langues vernaculaires accédant à un nouveau statut (celui de langue référentielle), est donc un événement majeur dans l’histoire des langues, dans l’histoire des idées, dans l’histoire de la réflexion que l’homme porte sur le langage, c’est-à-dire dans l’histoire de la linguistique et plus généralement dans l’histoire des sciences humaines.
Le fait que ces ouvrages appartiennent à une époque passée ne les empêche pas d’être au cœur de problématiques qui sont toujours d’actualité, notamment sur le plan de la didactique. En effet, dans le contexte de la tendance moderne à la standardisation des processus d’apprentissage (non seulement dans le domaine des sciences du langage, mais aussi dans les autres domaines de la science), les premières grammaires peuvent être considérées comme de nouvelles sources des sciences modernes. D’une part, les grammairiens de la Renaissance utilisaient les mêmes normes que les anciens, les scolasticiens et les humanistes ;d’autre part, chaque auteur voulait faire preuve d’originalité dans son ouvrage et c’est ainsi que les « écoles » nationales de langues sont apparues. Les grammaires de la Renaissance ont représenté pour leur époque une étape très importante dans le développement des sciences du langage, qu’elles représentent encore de nos jours.
Les auteurs d’études consacrées aux grammaires de cette période sont généralement attentifs au rôle de l’exemple, mais leurs travaux, peu nombreux, ne débouchent pas sur une étude circonstanciée des exemples dans ces grammaires. La question du bon usage et la question de la problématique de l’exemplification dans les ouvrages y sont abordées dans le contexte général de la normalisation des langues nationales dans des pays ou selon la forme de traité, mais les exemples n’y sont pas abordés en tant que tels et n’y constituent pas une problématique centrale.
À la lueur de ces différentes observations, nous nous donnerons comme objectif, dans cette thèse, de cerner le rôle joué par l’exemple grammatical dans l’émergence de ces nouvelles sciences que sont les sciences du langage à l’époque de la Renaissance. Notre recherche s’attachera tout particulièrement à observer l’exemple dans les traditions portugaises et françaises, au sein de la Romania, à partir d’un corpus constitué de dix traités.
Après le premier chapitre, strictement introductif, le chapitre 2 présentera les approches théoriques de l’exemple dans le contexte des grammaires, en décrivant le positionnement de la recherche par rapport à ces approches. Ensuite, les questions relatives au repérage de l’exemple seront abordées – marquage typographique, formes et fonctions de l’exemple dans le texte grammatical.
Le chapitre 3 sera consacré à la présentation de notre corpus. Nous commencerons d’abord par exposer la manière dont nous avons procédé pour le définir, ensuite, pour sélectionner les dix traités qu’il contient, et enfin pour le présenter en tant que tel. Cet exposé méthodologique sera suivi de la présentation des dix grammaires retenues, c’est-à-dire quatre grammaires pour le portugais, quatre grammaires pour le français, auxquelless s’ajoutent une grammaire pour l’italien et une pour l’espagnol qui font office de grammaires de contrôle.
Le chapitre 4 présente l’analyse détaillée de l’exemple dans chaque grammaire du corpus. Les grammaires y sont abordées dans l’ordre qui a été suivi dans le chapitre précédent, l’approche différant en ce que l’attention est portée ici exclusivement sur les exemples.
Alors que dans les chapitres 3 et 4 l’entrée en matière se fait par le biais des grammaires, dans le chapitre 5, elle se fera par le biais de l’exemple grammatical. Ce chapitre fait la synthèse de toutes les informations collectées dans les chapitres précédents pour les présenter de manière organisée, l’objectif étant d’établir une typologie des caractéristiques des exemples grammaticaux.
Le chapitre 6 déterminera les résultats et les conclusions principales de la présente thèse.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation linguistique
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Pham, Thi Kieu Ly. "La grammatisation du vietnamien (1615-1919) : histoire des grammaires et de l'écriture romanisée du vietnamien." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA122.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on the “grammatization” of Vietnamese language. We have studied grammatical works, composed in Latin and then in French, by missionaries of various congregations, colonial administrators and Vietnamese grammarians between 1651 and 1919. The objective was to show first how the model of Latin grammar operates in this grammatography, focusing on the specificities of the Vietnamese language, as identified by the missionaries. We have then reviewed the grammars written in Latin and French in order to highlight the effects of the transition from the Latin to the French model in the description of the language and in particular the evolution of the conception of the parts of the discourse in the grammatical works throughout the period under consideration.This thesis focuses on the development of Vietnamese Romanized writing (quốc ngữ) and the history of the linguistic conceptions that underlie it, as well. We have tried to understand the logic that the pioneer Jesuit missionaries to Vietnam had used to transcribe the language and to explain their choice of spellings to record Vietnamese. We trace the stages of creation of this script and the evolution of spelling. Furthermore, the study of the manuscripts written in Romanized Vietnamese allows us to study the changes in the consonant system of Vietnamese from the Seventeenth Century to the early Twentieth Century. We also show the religious, political and cultural factors that have influenced all that history. The study of the relationship between the Jesuits (from 1615 onwards) and French missionaries (from 1663 onwards) highlights the changing role of the Romanized writing from a means of learning for foreign priests to a means of communication between missionaries and native priests. Finally, we examine the role played by debates on writing systems and the choices they have led to, in terms of the language policy pursued by the French colonial administration. Quốc ngữ was introduced into elementary education in 1861 and then promoted to the status of official writing, replacing Chinese characters after the abolition of the mandarin recruitment exams in 1919
Diaz, Villalba Alejandro. "Le participe dans les grammaires des langues romanes (XVe-XVIIIe siècles). Histoire comparée d'une classe grammaticale." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA080.
Повний текст джерелаThe study investigates the history of the word-class of participle through a close study of a corpus of French, Spanish, Portuguese and Italian grammars which were published between the 15th and 18th centuries. The comparative approach is based on the methodological principle of “series of texts”, by grouping and collating a hundred works according to several variable parameters: the chronology, the theme or the grammatical tradition of the language in question.The first part of the study deals with the linguistic categorization and questions the nature of the non-finite verbal forms, especially the participle and its use in an analytical verbal form. The second part deals with the history of the participle from a more general point of view. Thus, after an overview of the problematic aspects of Greek and Latin grammarians, the analysis focuses on the treatment of the word-class in the grammars of the Romance languages. The third part focuses on the approaches and concepts used by the Renaissance grammarians to deal with compound tenses and on how they described and (re)-categorized the participle forms of these verbal tenses
El estudio presenta la historia de la clase del participio a través de un corpus de gramáticas de español, francés, italiano y portugués publicadas entre los siglos XV y XVIII. El enfoque comparativo se basa en el principio metodológico de la constitución de series textuales, que nos permite agrupar y cotejar un centenar de textos en función de parámetros variables: la cronología, el tema o la tradición gramatical de la lengua objeto.La primera parte aborda el asunto de la categorización en lingüística e indaga la naturaleza de las formas no finitas del verbo, especialmente la del participio y su utilización en las formas analíticas del verbo. La segunda parte propone una aproximacióna la historia del participio desde una perspectiva más general. Así pues, tras una cala en los aspectos problemáticos relacionados con el participio tratados por los gramáticos griegos y latinos, el análisis se centra en el tratamiento de la clase en las gramáticas de las lenguas romances. La tercera parte investiga sobre los enfoques y los conceptos que emplean los gramáticos del Renacimiento para tratar los tiempos compuestos, y sobre el modo en que describen y (re)categorizan las formas participiales de esos tiempos verbales
Romanelli, Norma. "Les grammaires de l'Italien à l'usage des Français (1660-1900)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7043.
Повний текст джерелаThis work analyzes a corpus of grammars of the Italian language made for the use of the French and published in France from 1660 to 1900. The first part presents the texts and their selection criteria, the bio-bibliographic profile of the authors and the teaching contexts of Italian in France, and especially in Paris. Finally, a reflection on the horizon de rétrospection of authors is conducted in order to determine the extent to which didactic grammars can describe italian language at a given moment in its history. The second part examines the treatment of grammatical material in texts that lie at the crossroads of Italian and French grammatical traditions. Thus, the analysis focuses on the categories of the article and the verb, as well as some aspects of the syntax, with a view to attempting to reconstitute the model of Italian proposed by the authors of our corpus through analysis of their grammatical descriptions (and / or prescriptions) of the language
Bouard, Bérengère. "Structure de la proposition et construction verbale : régime, complément et transitivité dans les grammaires françaises, 1651-1863." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00373956.
Повний текст джерелаDagnet, Sévrine. "Le nom dans les grammaires françaises des XVIIème et XVIIIème siècles : définitions, classements et détermination." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA034/document.
Повний текст джерелаStudying the noun, the subject of interdisciplinary study, may seem commonplace, especially in the grammatical sphere. Nevertheless, we will start from the assumption that the work of 17th and 18th-century theorists, who vacillated between a study of French based on that of Latin, and a desire for emancipation, is of definite interest. Three problems stand out in this body of work.The first concerns the general treatment of the parts of speech, a Greco-Roman heritage to which grammarians were forced to adapt, dealing with difficulties of collection and definitions. We seek to understand how the substantive noun / adjective noun subdivision is justified by almost all authors and what particular link the first has with the verb in speech. The second type of question, which addresses both morphological and semantic-syntactic classifications of the noun, leads us to wonder, among other things, about the theorisation of accidents of gender and number. However, it is above all the paradox of the abstract noun, a substantive noun that refers to something without “substance”, which will be the focus of most of our discussion.The last aspect looks at determination by the article, an occurrence lacking legitimacy, which alone raises three theoretical difficulties. We ask ourselves what the occurrence’s status is in the parts of speech (autonomous class? Adjective or pronoun category?). What is its role with respect to the noun and what do we mean by definite, indefinite and partitive article? Last, how did the treatment of the article lead to a general discussion of determination in the 18th century?
Hounhouayenou-Toffa, Adjovi Ernest. "La notion d'irréel et ses avatars terminologiques dans les grammaires françaises et anglophones de l'anglais." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL072.
Повний текст джерелаBased on a vast corpus of grammars and dictionaries of linguistic terminology, all published between the 16th and the 21st centuries in the French and Anglophone traditions, this thesis exposes and unravels the paradoxes raised by the term irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity). If several studies have indeed analysed the linguistic expression of unreality in present-day English, only few have shed light on the discontinuity between the unspecialised use of the term and the specialised one. Notwithstanding that it is a conventional term in the French grammatical tradition, irréel and its equivalent unreal(ity) are often portrayed as referring to nebulous and abstract notions, with polymorphic terminological manifestations, which explains why their adequacy and usefulness are at stake in linguistic descriptions. Our corpus-based approach thus seeks to explain and ultimately solve the problem posed by the complex terminological web that arises out of these notions. A careful perusal of our corpus reveals that, in view of the way unreality is conceptualised in French and Anglophone grammars, non-factuality cannot be conceived as a binary category. In line with the socio-cognitive approach to terminology, we suggest a modelisation of unreality that is articulated around a prototype structure
Point, Viviane. "Le traitement de l'article dans les grammaires françaises de 1618 à 1845 : d'un traitement morphologique à une théorie générale de la détermination." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070108.
Повний текст джерелаThe aim of our study is to analyse the process that allows the passage from the morphological treatment of the article, into the determining general theory. In fact, from 1618 to 1845, French authors disuse the morphological System of cases to describe the article, and emphasize its role on the meaning with, as the most obvious consequence, the extension of the category. For us,this is due to the borrowing in grammar of the logical notions of extension and comprehensionsuch defined by Port-Royal. So, the article is linked to the determining operation defimed inlogical terms, but it lasts in the latest general grammars by the eviction of the Port-Royal concepts
Khattabi, Brahim el. "Le plagiat dans l'art d'écrire la grammaire arabe : le cas des grammairiens arabes "tardifs"." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081480.
Повний текст джерелаIt is not unusual to find in the work of different writers some common ideas and thoughts expressed in a similar way. However, in the books we studied and compared it is, in fact, whole parts of text that were thoroughly lifted and copiedwith merely small differences such as few additions and suppressions to mislead the reader, without any reference to the real author. We backed up our statement by sound arguments while we emphasized the methodology followed by different grammarians. On this score, we were inspired by contemporary grammarians and linguists approach in their comparative studies of arabic texts of their predecessors. A great number of late grammarians work, not only does'nt meet with the scientific criteria established by their famous predecessors, but contravenes these criteria in a scurrilously manner, drifting in superfluity and verbosity and in some cases plagiary. With regard to the numerous cases of plagiary we were able to detect, it was imperious to reconsider the reference sources from wich they draw and lift their literary production. In the books we chose to study two different types of plagiary were identified. 1/ the authors of plagiary that lift the text without changing anything and insert it in their own work with a new title and lay claim to it as a whole. 2/ the authors that "work" the borrowed text and insert the modified portions in their book, in order to confuse the reader and delude him. Among the adepts of the first method, we studied as a model. Ibn sida in his book "al-mukhacac" al-a3lam a- antamarri" in his book "an-nukat fi tafsirin 3ala kitabi sibawayhi" the first part of our work "methodology of the whole plagiary" was devoted to these two authors. In this part we compared the mentionned works with "kitab arh al-kitab. Kitab sibawayhi" we then compared the texts, part by part and chapter by chapter to detect the portions reflecting a personal contribution in a whole passage. In the second part of our work we dealt with the second type of plagiary that we named "worked plagiary". Among the adepts of this second method we took as exemples. Ibn hiam with his book "mughni allabib, that we compared with the book of al-hasan ibn al-qasim al-muradi: "al-jana ad-dani fi huruf alma3ani
Fouillet, Raphaële. "Les formes de contextualisation de la description du français dans les grammaires pédagogiques pour italophones (1970-2011). Cultures métalinguistiques et expertise professorale." Thesis, Paris 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA030152.
Повний текст джерелаAccording to common discourse in the field of didactics, grammar, considered as an intimate related discipline to writing practices, seems to be often overshadowed since the introduction of the concept of the communicative competence in French as a foreign language teaching and learning. Nevertheless, the practices of teachers of French as a foreign or second language and the handbooks for language learning published in France certify a continuous presence of grammar activities in this field. The present study, based on this contradictory situation, seeks to analyse the grammatical discourse of handbooks specifically conceived for learners of French as a foreign language who share a common first language. With this aim, we review twenty six (26) books of grammar edited in Italy between 1970 and 2011. The study begins by investigating the designation and definition of parts of speech and the description of language facts by comparing them to a reference description of French Grammar. We try to reveal how this description takes place through a constant and widespread, diffuse character throughout the analysed period. The study continues by establishing a typology of different forms based on four categories of contextualization, all derived from the learners’ first common language and its specific context grammatisation. Finally, in the perspective of reconsidering the long-lasting relationship between teaching and language description in the occidental world, we suggest possibilities for joining French grammatical reference discourse adaptation and teachers’ professional expertise knowledge
Ildefonse, Frédérique. "La naissance de la grammaire dans l'Antiquité grecque." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA010515.
Повний текст джерелаMy research begins with a well-known fact : the late emergence (as compared to that of philosophical conceptuality) of grammar as a discipline in its own right. My first aim was to indicate how platonism, aristotelism, and stoicism might be taken to correspond to successive versions of one and the same "linguistic blockage", which can be traced back to the ir common apophantic project. It was therefore my task to determine how the linguistic analyses carried out in these three philosophical schools are related to the normative project they share, which aims at the constitution (with maximum determination) of a correct statement; and to ascertain that concepts which we consider to be grammatical (such as the parts of a statement, or the cases) develop out of logic, which in its turn appears to be deeply linked to the theory of knowledge. I then turned my attention to the grammarians' approach of the question, exploring the surviving works of apollonius dyscolos, the techne grammatike ascribed to dionysus thrax as well as the material provided by its scholiasts, and choeroboscus, in order to find out whether certain epistemic configurati ons, characteristic of apophantic philosophy, were still underlying the analyses which took place within the now autonom ous field of grammar. It then seemed to me that the following points deserved to be stressed : - not only are the order of the merismos and the characteristics of the various sentence-parts grounded in the sequence of stoic categories, but grammatical sentence-theory itself turns out to be heir to the philosophers' discussion of maximum determination stateme nt-completeness; - finally, the grammatical concepts of diathesis and prosopon, which are essential to this economy of significations, maintain an unbreakable link between the statement and its stating, thereby inheriting the function whic h sunkatathesis fulfills within the stoic theory of knowledge
Trépanier, Anne. "La grammaire générative de l'argumentaire souverainiste en 1995." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0027/MQ50579.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаPoujat, Sandra. "Le Roman national de la langue française. Imaginaires linguistiques et stylistiques de la Révolution française à la Troisième République." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL077.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is a study of the construction of a national imagination by the French language during the long 19th century (1789-1920), both from a linguistic perspective, through the emerging concept of a national language, and from a stylistic point of view, through the rise of the French style as a category. The hypothesis defended here is that the national language, in France, is less the product of a linguistic policy than a discursive construct elaborated by grammar books between the French Revolution and the Third Republic. 19th century grammarians decided that it was the duty of literature to illustrate the national language, at a time when grammar and literature were indissociable. In fact, that literature should be influenced by reflections in which language and nation are associated is inevitable: writers, especially at the end of the century, approached style according to the notion of “Frenchness”, which is at once political, ideological, and imaginary. Such a notion asserted the existence of a French style, as opposed to non-French styles that failed to abide by the alleged tradition of the so-called genius of the French language. This thesis first explores the linguistic imagination that influenced the national language in the grammar books of the 19th century. It then moves on to the writers’ use of the imaginary notions related to a specifically French style. Last but not least, it examines the style of some of the authors who wrote during the Third Republic, and seeks to identify what was perceived as a specifically French style (as in the works of Renan, Daudet, Barrès, Maurras or France), and what was perceived as an antinational style (as in the works of Goncourt, Louÿs, Huysmans, Mallarmé, Valéry, Suarès, Péguy, Fargue, Claudel, Gide, Proust or Giraudoux)
Blanquet-Reuillon, Madeleine. "Grammaire générale et grammaire française : la problématique de l'analyse entre 1780 et 1840." Paris 8, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA081520.
Повний текст джерелаThis research focuses on a corpus of lesser known authors, between 1780 and 1840. First of all, the approach is made, from an external point of view, on the social history of linguistics (family background, breeding, education, political involvement of each author) and the history of teaching (potential interested parties, proposed methods, etc. ). Then, from inside, a research is carried out on grammatical categories (mainly those making up the nominal group : article and pronoun) and on the development of ideas such as sentence, clause and period. Are these authors still in the main stream of tradition, the so-called routine, or are they involved in new theories brought in by the ideologists ? what kind of interest do these grammarians bring up towards french, which has become a real language, and towards research on foreign languages, living or dead ? what kind of role did the journal de la langue francaise play? between september 1, 1784 as it was founded by u. Domergue, and 1840, when the last issues were printed, its title and purpose changed several times. How influential were the societes grammaticales for which it was published ? regarding the corpus, we firstly selected some grammaires des dames, a great number of which were available before 1789, but also still in the second half of the 19th century. Then the art de parler et d'ecrire correctement [. . . ] (40 edition, 1809) by l'abbe de levizac, the cours theorique et pratique de langue francaise [. . . ] (10 edition, 1807) by p. A. Lemare, the grammaire raisonnee [. . . ] by j. E. Serreau (1799), the grammaire ramenee a ses principes naturels [. . . ] (1824) by j. E. Serreau and f. N. Boussi, as well as the grammaire francaise progressive a l'usage des jeunes personnes de sophie serreau (20 edition, 1840)
Larcher, Pierre. "Essais de linguistique arabe (poétique, histoire de la linguistique, lexicologie, grammaire, critique)." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA03A004.
Повний текст джерелаJorge, Muriel. "Philologie, grammaire historique, histoire de la langue ˸ constructions disciplinaires et savoirs enseignés (1867-1923)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA138.
Повний текст джерелаBetween the late 1860s and the mid-1920s, philology, historical grammar and language history are introduced into the French higher education system with the creation of positions and tenures in newly founded schools, such as the École Pratique des Hautes Études and the girls’ École normale supérieure in Sèvres, and in deeply transformed institutions, like the Paris Faculty of Letters. Making history-oriented linguistic knowledge into disciplines contributed to bring teaching and research closer together and led to the rebirth of the university system. This is illustrated by the careers of Gaston Paris, Arsène Darmesteter and Ferdinand Brunot in these institutions as evidenced by private correspondence and institutional archive material. The analysis of documents published by the establishments (posters, booklets, teaching records, anniversary publications) casts light on the problems these teachers faced when attempting to adapt to various student populations and official guidelines. Their teaching notes reveal content adaptation through diverse writing practices, which we identify and characterize by using text genetics. The in-depth study of two knowledge contents demonstrates the use that can be made of these notes as sources for the history of linguistic thought and its teaching. Firstly with the history of French orthography which is present in teaching notes, although it does not appear in course titles. Secondly with vulgar Latin as a theme that pertains to major ideological and epistemological issues which are invisible in institutional display material
Launey, Michel. "Catégories et opérations dans la grammaire nahuatl." Paris 4, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA040108.
Повний текст джерелаA comprehensive linguistic study of classical nahuatl, the literary Aztec language of the 16th and 17th centuries, from a corpus including the Florentine codex and several other texts. The morphological and syntactic data reveal an underlying system of grammatical categories and semantico-syntactic operations which is of major interest both to typology and to a general theory of language. Two points are particularly important. The first is that the notion of predicative relation seems much more appropriate than any other (in particular, any kind of bipartition) to account for the hierarchy of arguments, which plays a prominent role in nahuatl morphosyntax. The second is that predicativity, a property shared by all lexical items (whose 3 classes are verbs, nouns and locatives) must be viewed as the center of the grammar, so that the construction of noun phrases (and more generally of all phrases) should be described in terms of operations applied to basically predicative patterns
COSTE, CORMIER ANNE. "L'oeuvre grammaticale de ferdinand brunot a travers les archives de l'institut." Paris 7, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA070135.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis subject means a research work situated at the boarder between two fields that had to be definited : the scope of the "oeuvre grammaticale" by f. Brunot (1860-1938) and the range of documents left at the institut de france and built up in 1985 as a separate brunot collection (fonds brunot). The "oeuvre grammaticale" describes both the objects created by f. Brunot in this field - open to the public audience through their publication - and the various cognitive or strategic processes which lead f. Brunot to put together these objects : the precis de grammaire historique - elaborated in 1887 by an erudite and young holder of the diploma of the ecole normale superieure, who then dared to deal with the french language out of its latin roots-, the methode de langue francaise drafted in collaboration with mr. Bony and inherited by the french primary education system in 1909, la pensee et la langue, this brilliant work published in 1922; his sanction of the academie francaise in the observations ended this production in 1932. In between these works, various occurences phase here and there f. Brunot's approach of his concept of the french language and his wish to have his processes considered in modern teaching structures : his participation in reform projects of the 'agregation' (highest competitive examination for teachers in france) of grammar and spelling, his creation of the 'archives de la parole', his teaching activity at the alliance francaise that allowed him to found the 'school of the french teachers abroad', his travels associated with the establishment of the french language out of its boarders. The whole of these occurences are collected in the fonds brunot and are specified according to their social-professional, political and geographical origins eg. , thus making it possible to trace the progress of the grammar thought of f. Brunot in his contemporary university domain. The last chapter devoted to the memory of f. Brunot shows an academic institution modelling the official memory of its member to suit its convenience
Guillaume, Jean-Patrick. "Recherches sur la tradition grammaticale arabe." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598158k.
Повний текст джерелаSoulié-D'Andrea, Anne. "Recherches sur la notion de particule dans la grammaire française (1540-1780)." Montpellier 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON30071.
Повний текст джерелаThis work aims at investigating the function of the notion 'particle' in french grammar during two centuries and a half. The term, inherited from latin grammar and introduced by dolet (1540), designates some small words: articles, auxiliary verbs, pronouns, prepositions and non-inflected words. Xviith century grammarians use the term with great extend when they are facing a difficulty to classify a word which doesn't exist in latin or cannot be translated literally. By another way, vaugelas, the leading exponent of the 'usage school', refer the good usage of french language to the usage of the particles, regarded as the spirit of our vernacular. In the article 'particle' of the encyclopaedia, beauzee puts an end to this view denying the assumption that particles are one of the parts of speech and restraining to affix their function. The purpose of this work is also to bring a contribution to the history of the grammatical terminology and all the words called particles by grammarians during the period investigated are listed in the appendix
Gafaiti, Sai͏̈d. "Traités de linguistique juive et ses sources arabes au Moyen-Age : lieu : l'Occident musulman." Paris 8, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA080906.
Повний текст джерелаThe subject of thesis is : the treatment of jewish linguistic and its arabic sources in the middle age. As shown by the title of the work, the main point is clarify, particularly, the remarquable similarities between the arabic grammar and hebraic one, especialy those concerning the theory, methodology, and terminology the hebraic grammar is the most problematic, especially those concerning phonetics, morphology and lexicography, we add effectively famous : yahuda ibn 000quraysch, david ibn abraham al-fasi, hayyoudj, ibn djanah et ibn barun al-andalousi
Alfandary-Weitzenblum, Isabelle. "Esthétique de la grammaire dans l'oeuvre d'E. E. Cummings." Paris 3, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA030003.
Повний текст джерелаE. E cummings' poems are happenings. The poetry is what occurs on the page or in speech -in syntax or typography. The poem is an event that affects the reader. E. E. Cummings discovered the previously unexplored and revolutionary impact of the written sign. He demonstrated the sensitivity that could be found in the printed page and its power to elicit emotion and to express the unsayable. E. E. Cummings forged an aesthetics of grammar. Although this is related both to tradition and to modernism in poetry, it surpasses both of them, breaking both the traditional and modem molds. Cummings' poetry is out of the mainstream and defies categories. Irregular or disfigured, the printed signs and syntax, far from being destroyed, make sense. The intent is to voice the unsayable, to show the invisible. In the blanks surrounding the verse and in which the words reverberate, in a poem made unrecognizable and unreadable, meaning and feeling merge. The sense touches the sensitivities. Sensation and understanding become one. The untranslatable poetic result becomes an event in and of itself; the event is the confrontation of two strangers -language and writing. Meaning is the unexpected and unprecedented- rhythmic event that takes place at the end of a poem; meaning and rhythm become inseparable. A poem by cummings attains otherness. Its outlaw grammar says something radically different from what is authorized by normal linguistic rules and practices. The writing expresses both voice and silence. E. E. Cummings' poetry is written out loud, so that it may give utterance to silence
Trépanier, Anne. "La grammaire générative de l'argumentaire souverainiste en 1995 /." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21272.
Повний текст джерелаThe francophone cultural nation living on the territory of the Province of Quebec demonstrates itself through the values of tenacity, solidarity, labour and openness of mind towards "Others". The nation increases the standing of a society project based on a democratic basis, condemning the traitors of the Quebec nation. This history concerns the francophone majority even though it is linked to the other "oppressed peoples" of the World History. This "french-quebecer" history is enhanced with a collective memory, projected towards the future in making the project of sovereignty the purpose of its teleological progression.
Nebiolo, Francesca. "« Nîš ilim zakârum ». Prêter serment à l’époque paléo-babylonienne : étude comparative des serments mésopotamiens du début du IIe millénaire av. J.-C., entre grammaire et société." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP065.
Повний текст джерелаTaking oath is a human act presents in all historical societies. On this basis, this doctoral dissertation dedicated to the oath in the Old Babylonian period (2002-1595 BC) aims at analysing it from its grammatical, religious and social aspects. Thanks to a detailed study of a heterogeneous corpus that covers all the Mesopotamian cities of that time, we establish the grammatical components of the formulas of the oath, we follow their evolution over time and we observe the regional peculiarities detected. Establishing the grammatical structure of the oath thus makes it possible to better define it as a religious act which impacts society. The oath turns out to be the point of conjunction between religion, justice and royal power. In these three areas, it is used consistently to maintain a balance between human relationships, both inside the kingdoms and internationally. This philological and historical study of sources analyses the Old Babylonian oath as a mirror of a society relevant for its complexity
Signaté, Diame. "Grammaire française : les systèmes corrélatifs dans l'histoire du français jusqu'au dix-septième siècle." Paris 13, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA131012.
Повний текст джерелаWe studied the correlative systems in the history of the french language from the middle ages up to the classical epoch. Our study though based on historical backgrounds, it also includes many theoretical analysis to explain the idea of "correlation" and to identify the structure of all the syntaxes. This study permitted to discover the changes which took place between 11 and 17 century. It shows also an intelligent use of a sentence must be made when correlating a proposition with another. It clearly shows also that the middle age authors excessively used the word correlation and this has frequently different meaning from its modern usage
Leca-Tsiomis, Marie. "Écrire l'Encyclopédie : Diderot, de l'usage des dictionnaires à la grammaire philosophique." Paris 7, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA070071.
Повний текст джерелаTo study the Encyclopedie as a dictionary and examine the work of Diderot as a lexicographer as well as a "dictionnariste" are the main lines of this research. Our aim was to follow the writer in one of the most peculiar and often overooked domains of his contribution to the Encyclopedie, namely the "grammar" entries, i. E. The definition of words of the everyday language (langue usuelle). Situating this undertaking in the theoretical perspective of dictionaries at the time of Diderot, we have observed the evolution, in a situation of religious, commercial as well as cultural and political conflicts, of the universal dictionnaries, from Furetiere's to its two paradoxical huguenot and jesuit and we paid special attention to the Trevoux's dictionary; the Trevoux was a working tool for the encyclopedistes, on its critical use was built a great part of the encyclopaedic project. By comparing articles from the Encyclopedie, the Trevoux and chambers' cyclopadia we have underscored the radical breaks introduced by the encyclopedistes. We have shown how the dictionnaire raisonne developed from its terminological origins to a reflection concerning lexical semantics and the importance of Diderot's contribution to this evolution. We have studied Diderot's articles on "philosophical grammar" (about 400 articles), the writer battling with definitions, acceptations and examples while, as a philosopher, graphing with his analysis of signs, ideas and sensations. Diderot's grammar appears as a locus of essential reflections, in it we can find numerous items of the vast questioning which pervade the hidden works and we can see the convergence of a series of philosophical issues and the continuation of certain fundamental dialogues, notably with Rousseau. Diderot's many-faceted art of definition constitutes in fact important step in his thought and in his work
Létourneau, René. "LE STATUT DE LA GRAMMAIRE ET LA PLACE DE DONAT DANS LES COMMUNIA GRAMATICE (Anonyme, XIIIe siècle, ms. Paris, Bibliothèque nationale de France, fonds latin 16617, fol. 183rb-205vb)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26835/26835.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаSavatovsky, Dan. "L'invention du français : pour une histoire des exercices dans l'enseignement classique au XIXe siècle." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081301.
Повний текст джерелаThis research is based on three hypothesis. The exercises have a central role in the organisation of a subject matter or a discipline. The changes introduced in humanities occurred prior to the innovations in the curricula without latin. Disciplines are autonomous with regard to scientific theories, but only to a certain extent. Among the sources investigated, particular attention is devoted to the examination questions given in the agregation, and the licence. Showing how teachers in the classics stream, as of 1850, created french as a discipline, distinct from a simple subject matter or an object of study (french language), the conditions of emergence of this new discipline are identified. This is illustrated in particular by the changes affecting the older exercices such as verse, discourse, cacography/cacology, etc. Then exercices pertaining specifically to french are analysed, stressing reading aloud, "explication de textes" (critical analysis of literary texts), procedures of grammatical and literary comparison, the study of old french and translation exercises. To both stages of this historical development corresponds, but only in part, a different type of division that applies whatever the languages studied (french, latin, or greek): on the one hand "composition exercises" based on imitation, interiorisation of models, transformation of themes or texts; on the other, the "meta- (or trans-) exercises" resting on an analysis that develops its own procedures, and solving the specific "problems" raised by the study of literature or grammar. Though this division occurred before the xixth century, the teaching system of the xixth century organised it in an original way according to new paradigms. Thus beyond the specific techniques of each exercise the stress is laid on the interdependence, the complementarity of exercises within the paradigms they belong to
Gouttenoire, Marie-Andrée. "Représentations et écritures du voyage au désert des lexicographes et grammairiens en langue arabe de l'espace iraqien des II/VIIIe et III/IXe siècles." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10043.
Повний текст джерелаElalouf, Aurélia. "Histoire de la première nomenclature grammaticale officielle en France (janvier 1905 - avril 1911)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA134.
Повний текст джерелаThis study recounts the history of the first official grammatical nomenclature in France, since the first public debates on the necessity of a terminological simplification and unification (from January 1905) to the promulgation of the three official texts that are the decree of the 25th of July 1910 (that fixes the list of the grammatical terms that have to be known in the exams and examinations of both primary and secondary educations) as well as the circular of the 28th of September 1910 and the note of the 21st of March 1911 (that both explain how the decree has to be implemented). The study raises political, theoretical and epistemological issues: the simplification and unification of grammatical nomenclatures encounter the State’s will to improve the command of the national language and to unify education on the entire territory; the elaboration of the nomenclature reveals the problems caused by the analysis of verbal constructions and the complex sentence at the beginning of the 20th century; the reform of the nomenclatures highlights the tension between a terminological ideal and the reality of practices. These issues consistently intersect with didactic questions: on the place of an explicit teaching of grammar in the teaching of language, on the relations that school knowledge has with academic knowledge or furthermore on the limitations imposed by what can be taught
Odoul, Marie. "A la recherche des spécificités de la tradition grammaticale allemande (1618-1830)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCA024.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis aims to establish a history of the parts of speech in German grammar between the seventeenth and the early nineteenth centuries in order to highlight certain characteristics of the ways German grammar was described. A study of the parts of speech —which are a foundational feature of Western linguistic thought— provides an opportunity to highlight the ways German grammatical discourse is different from, or analogous to, other linguistic traditions. The descriptive trends and processes which emerge from this study can be positioned within the history of German grammar and more broadly within the history of other European grammars. This leads us to consider in more detail the descriptive choices and the theoretical viewpoints governing the development of these grammars. Although the specific features of the German language play a decisive role in the choice of a descriptive model, some initiatives in the second half of the eighteenth century adopt a multi-criterion approach to description, where grammatical categories are established through syntactic analysis. These multi-criterion descriptions, which sometimes present remarkable innovations in the history of grammar, can be seen as contributing to the change in German syntax that takes place in the first third of the nineteenth century. They therefore can reveal certain roots of this turning point in the history of German grammar
De, Aquino José Edicarlos. "Julio Ribeiro na historia das ideias linguisticas no Brasil." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCA088/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis paper analyzes the place of Júlio Ribeiro in the history of linguistic ideas in Brazil. Situated in the field of History of Linguistic Ideas, we try to understand how the image of Júlio Ribeiro is constructed as a founding author in the history of Portuguese studies in Brazil in three instances: 1) in the research carried out in the axis of the project History of Linguistic Ideas in Brazil and in the dissertations and theses that in recent years have taken the author as object of study; 2) in his own work; 3) in the work of subsequent authors until the establishment of the Brazilian Grammatical Norm in 1959. With this, we show how Júlio Ribeiro himself is represented in a Brazilian history of reflection on language and how he is incorporated or erased in the horizon of retrospection of Brazilian grammatization. The analysis of the whole Júlio Ribeiro's work allowed us not only to map his first positions on the study of languages and language; but also to publicize and analyze in detail works of the author unique in their genre in their time and until now completely forgotten – two of them are: Traços Geraes de Linguistica, the first book of linguistics produced in Brazil, and Holmes Brazileiro ou Grammatica da Puericia, one of the rare examples of grammar directed to childhood in nineteenth-century Brazil. Besides, we have been able to verify how Júlio Ribeiro composes his texts with the use of third-party works in translation and adaptation procedures, and with the reuse of his own writings; as well as how the author countered the accusations of plagiarism aroused by these methods of composition of their texts and in reaction to their theoretical but also political positions. Deepening the knowledge about the linguistic ideas circulating in Brazil at the turn of the 19th century to the 20th century, our work seeks not only to throw a new look at Júlio Ribeiro's work as a grammarian who adopts historical and comparative grammar, pointing to unorthodox interpretations; but also to draw attention to the existence of an important grammatical movement in Maranhão to be considered beyond the Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo axis, for the analysis of the controversy between Júlio Ribeiro and Augusto Freire da Silva (from Maranhão), showing that the general grammar was also a model of scientificity in the Brazilian grammatization process of Portuguese. Furthermore, we argue that, besides being a grammarian, Júlio Ribeiro can also be taken as an author of linguistics, who takes up and innovates the questions of historical grammar, and also as a historian of the language sciences, who presents particular interpretations of the history of Linguistics, inserting the Portuguese language and the Brazilian indigenous languages in the general questions of the scientific knowledge on language in the 19th century. In the end, we could conclude that there is a contradiction between a double erasure of Júlio Ribeiro as a reference for performing grammatical and linguistic analyses and also most of his works in the horizon of retrospection of Brazilian grammatization and a historical discourse, supported by a reduced number of authors of the late 19th and first half of the 20th century, which puts Júlio Ribeiro at all times in the first place in the history of grammatical and linguistic studies in Brazil
O presente trabalho analisa o lugar de Júlio Ribeiro na história das ideias linguísticas no Brasil. Situados no campo da História das Ideias Linguísticas, procuramos compreender como se constrói a imagem de Júlio Ribeiro como um autor fundador na história dos estudos sobre o português no Brasil em três instâncias: 1) nas pesquisas realizadas no eixo do projeto História das Ideias Linguísticas no Brasil e nas dissertações e teses que nos últimos anos, a partir dessas pesquisas, têm tomado o autor como objeto de estudo; 2) na sua própria obra; 3) na obra de autores posteriores a ele até a instauração da Norma Gramatical Brasileira em 1959. Com isso, mostramos como o próprio Júlio Ribeiro se representa numa história brasileira de reflexão sobre a linguagem e como ele é incorporado ou apagado no horizonte de retrospecção da gramatização brasileira. A análise do conjunto da obra de Júlio Ribeiro nos permitiu mapear as suas primeiras posições sobre o estudo das línguas e da linguagem e dar publicidade e analisar em detalhes obras do autor únicas no seu gênero em sua época e até agora completamente esquecidas, caso dos Traços Geraes de Linguistica, o primeiro livro de linguística produzido no Brasil, e a Holmes Brazileiro ou Grammatica da Puericia, um dos raros exemplares de gramática voltada para a infância no Brasil do século XIX. Além disso, pudemos verificar o modo como Júlio Ribeiro compõe os seus textos com a utilização de obras de terceiros em procedimentos de tradução e adaptação e com a reutilização dos seus próprios escritos, bem como o modo como o autor rebateu as acusações de plágio despertadas por esses métodos de composição de seus textos e em reação a seus posicionamentos teóricos mas também políticos. Aprofundando o conhecimento sobre as ideias linguísticas em circulação no Brasil na virada do século XIX para o século XX, nosso trabalho busca lançar um novo olhar sobre o próprio trabalho de Júlio Ribeiro como um gramático que adota a gramática histórica e comparada, apontando interpretações não ortodoxas quanto ao objeto central do comparatismo, a mudança linguística, e chamar a atenção para a existência de todo um movimento gramatical importante no Maranhão a ser considerado além do eixo Rio de Janeiro-São Paulo, pela análise da polêmica entre Júlio Ribeiro e o maranhense Augusto Freire da Silva, mostrando que a gramática geral também foi modelo de cientificidade na gramatização brasileira do português. Além disso, defendemos que, para além de gramático, Júlio Ribeiro pode ser tomado também como um autor de linguística, que retoma e inova as questões da gramática histórica, e também como um historiador das ciências da linguagem, que apresenta interpretações particulares da história da linguística, inserindo a língua portuguesa e as línguas indígenas brasileiras nas questões gerais do conhecimento científico sobre a linguagem no século XIX. No fim das contas, pudemos concluir haver uma contradição entre um duplo apagamento de Júlio Ribeiro como referência para a realização de análises gramaticais e linguísticas e também da maior parte de suas obras no horizonte de retrospecção da gramatização brasileira e um discurso histórico, sustentado por um número reduzido de autores de finais do século XIX e primeira metade do século XX, que o coloca a cada instante em primeiro lugar na história dos estudos gramaticais e linguísticos no Brasil
Schweitzer, Claudia. "Parole et Chant. Histoire des théories du son du français à l’âge classique (XVIIe – XVIIIe siècles)." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCA104/document.
Повний текст джерелаAll evidence shows that the sounds produced by the human voice, either spoken or sung, exhibit numerous relationships; nevertheless, their descriptions and analyses are not necessarily presented in the same light in texts dealing with grammar on the one hand, or music on the other, of which the scope (for both categories) can be either more or less theoretical or practical.For our study of the phonetics of French in word and song, we have chosen the 17th and 18th centuries, an era when music and language by definition present fundamental structural connections. This characteristic allows us to confront the two disciplines with each other in a logical way, and to re-connect two traditions, the close theoretical ties between which have weakened in the course of history.This system of connected histories also allows us to analyze the theories of sound as expounded by the grammarians, and then to anchor them in the cultural and epistemological framework of their epoch via three different approaches: acoustics, articulation and prosody. In addition, it allows the investigation of a factor which the authorities only touch upon with difficulty (and preferably between the lines), that of the variability of speech according to the speaker’s emotional state. The study thus confirms the efficacy of methods of connected history, through an interdisciplinary corpus which embraces questions of linguistics and, more precisely, phonetics
Es ist offensichtlich, dass die von der gesprochenen und der gesungenen Stimme produzierten Klänge zahlreiche Gemeinsamkeiten aufweisen. Die Beschreibung dieser Laute und ihre Analyse präsentieren sich jedoch in den grammatikalischen und musikalischen Texten, deren Ausrichtung zudem jeweils eher theoretisch oder eher praktisch sein kann, oft auf sehr unterschiedliche Art.Für unsere Studie über die französischen gesprochenen und gesungenen Sprachlaute haben wir als Zeitraum das 17. und 18. Jahrhundert ausgewählt, eine Zeit, in der Musik und Sprache per Definition grundlegende strukturelle Verbindungen aufweisen. Diese Charakteristik ermöglicht es uns, die beiden Disziplinen zu konfrontieren und zwei Traditionen, deren enge theoretische Verbindung sich im Laufe der Geschichte stark abgeschwächt hat, erneut zu verbinden.Der theoretische Rahmen der „connected history“ ermöglicht es uns, die von den Grammatikern ausgearbeiteten Ideen und Theorien zu den Sprachlauten unter drei verschiedenen Ansätzen (Akustik, Artikulation und Prosodie) zu analysieren und sie im kulturellen und epistemologischen Kontext ihrer Zeit zu verankern. Er erlaubt darüber hinaus Fragestellungen nachzugehen, die von den Grammatikern nur mit Schwierigkeiten (und oft zwischen den Zeilen) angesprochen werden können: die Veränderlichkeit der Sprache und ihrer Laute aufgrund der Emotivität des Sprechers. Die Studie bestätigt damit die Effizienz der Methoden der „connected history“ für einen interdisziplinären Korpus zu linguistischen (und, genauer gesagt, phonetischen) Problemen
Commin, Agnès. "Les représentations culturelles dans les exercices de grammaire des manuels scolaires de français langue étrangère de 1980 à 2000." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCA036.
Повний текст джерелаThe study lies in the field of didactics, but it also refers to linguistics, sociology and cultural studies. It is devoted to the cultural representations in grammar exercises of textbooks of French taught as a foreign language from 1980 to 2000. Considered under the angle of didactics, textbooks are social mirors reflecting values of societies. Some examples of analysis of textooks showed the necessity of studying the representations to improve educational description and to educate the learners to cultural diversity. Not only the theoritical history of the analysis of content has been reviewed but also the French methods of discourse analysis and those of the Critical Discourse Analysis. The study rans throughout the grammar exercises of thirty-five textbooks of levels 2 and 3. After the description of this study which makes appear eight types of grammar exercices, different levels of the procedures revealed categories which deal with the representations of the human identities and theirs values. The representations of men, women, family and couple life, divorce and mariage, and those of the youth and old people, of the foreigners, throughout their way of living and their values such as money,hobbies, food and the form of polite manners.The grammar exercises also make the proof that textbooks can be better objects for intercultural communication
Vallance, Laurent. "« Di cose si poco per se piacenti » : les grammairiens italiens de la Renaissance face à leur langue." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0018.
Повний текст джерелаThe corpus contains the main grammars (over 20) written in Volgare (Tuscan) during the 15th and 16th centuries, from Alberti to Castelvetro and Salviati. These treatises or handbooks are not considered here as old-fashioned collections of rules that are still more or less valid, but rather as concrete literary works that were composed for specific readers and with a specific purpose in a particular historical situation. The first two parts are thus not concerned with grammatical issues per se. Chapter 1 offers an analysis of the titles, a consideration of the language the grammars deal with and are written in, and of the problems the non-Tuscan authors faced. Chapter 2 examines the method used by the grammarians, the character and intent of their works, and how some had regard for the spoken language. Chapter 3 focuses on the overall structure of the grammars, on the parts of speech which are their main organizing principle, and on the typography and page layout. Two chapters about the noun (5) and the verb (6) are developed by a detailed study of three of the most important innovations of the Tuscan language : the articles (4), both definite and indefinite, and the associated loss of inflections and change in the order of words in the sentence ; the compound tenses (7) and their relation to the simple tenses ; the conditional mood (8) and its gradual emancipation from the subjunctive. All these analyses also provide a complete lexicon of the old Italian linguistic terminology. This monograph about the early Italian grammars aims to be a useful study for those who are interested in the history of linguistics in Italy and of modern European languages in the Renaissance
Ching, Chao-Jung. "Recherches sur les documents séculiers tokharien : économie bouddhique et société dans la région de Kucha." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4053.
Повний текст джерелаThis study is an attempt to analyze the documents in Tocharian B (i. E. Kuchean), especially the unpublished corpus. They include administrative documents, accounts, letters, etc. The main concern is to treat the documents that are the most interesting for our research considering the social, political and economic aspects of the pre-Islamic Kucha kingdom, one of the most important oasis on the Silk Road. The predominant interest lies in the studies of Buddhist economy, because most Kuchean documents have been excavated at the sites of monasteries. Thus, 241 pieces of Kuchean documents are collected, transcribed and translated in this thesis with numerous references to other texts in Tocharian, Chinese, and other languages. Among the most interesting findings, some terms that can reflect the Chinese government under the Tang and the local material life are treated. Accordingly, the terminus ante quem of most Kuchean documents written on paper is probably in the early 9th century. Among the currently available data, some economic facts about local monks and monasteries are detected. Their activities include sale and purchase of property, land rental, hiring, milling and oil pressing. Some monasteries may have owned farms or manors, and perhaps they were engaged in usury. One of the most remarkable phenomenon is the significant activity of some lay people of Sogdian origin
Rabehi, Allaoua. "Analyse stylistique de l'oeuvre poétique de Lounis Aït Menguellet : étude stylistique comparative du kabyle et du français." Aix-Marseille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX10131.
Повний текст джерелаTedeschi, Guillaume. "Etude philologique du texte d'Hésiode aux époques hellénistique et romaine." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209752.
Повний текст джерелаDoctorat en Langues et lettres
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Bena, Jonas Makamina. "Contribution à l'étude de la terminologie grammaticale: la nomenclature des formes verbales." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211229.
Повний текст джерелаLa terminologie grammaticale – fixée par un long usage, par la tradition – est peu satisfaisante. Elle correspond à des vues qui sont pour une grande part étrangères au véritable mécanisme de la langue, ignoré de ceux qui ont établi cette terminologie, devenue celle de l’enseignement. A quoi il faut ajouter que la terminologie traditionnelle, de caractère philosophique, toute pénétrée de logique formelle, a eu cette infortune d’être retouchée inconsidérément par des esprits moins pénétrants que ceux qui l’avaient conçue.
Ce point de vue est, aujourd’hui comme hier, partagé par la plupart des grammairiens lato sensu. Le verdict des uns et des autres est à la fois sévère et amer :la terminologie grammaticale est incertaine, incohérente, inexacte, incomplète, contraire à la vérité, trompeuse, confuse, désordonnée, défectueuse, voire désastreuse (Nicolas Beauzée, 1767 :500-501 ;Antoine Meillet, 1936 :31 ;Holger Sten, 1952 :9) ;Robert-Léon Wagner, 1947 :59 ;Gustave Guillaume, 1973 [leçon du 18 fév. 1949] :108 ;Gérard Moignet, 1981 :163 ;Louis Holtz, 1981 :11). L’on ne pouvait faire meilleur état des lieux !
Ce travail s’est efforcé de répondre aux trois questions suivantes :1° une terminologie « parlante » est-elle possible et nécessaire en grammaire ?2° quelle(s) piste(s) les linguistes devraient-ils explorer pour rationaliser la nomenclature et la description des formes verbales ?3° comment les grammairiens ont-ils forgé, au fil des siècles, la nomenclature des formes verbales ?
Que conclure ?
Nous voudrions d’abord noter que la question terminologique constitue un casse-tête consécutif, pour une grande part, à la forte pression de la tradition sur les pratiques grammaticales.
Les concessions faites à l’usage sont telles que toute tentative d’innovation est suspecte .Les exemples sont légion :Girard, Lévizac, Sicard, Domergue, Butet ,etc. subirent tous, à tort ou à raison, les feux nourris de la critique à cause de leur engagement terminologique. Les détracteurs avaient pour noms :Voltaire, Du Marsais, Condillac, Roederer et Brunot.
Voltaire (cité par Brunot, 1905-1953, tome VI, 1e fascicule, p. 902) recommanda même le boycott de la nouvelle grammaire de Girard :
Je recommande, écrivit-il, sur-tout aux jeunes de ne pas lire la nouvelle grammaire de sieur abbé Girard ;elle ne feroit qu’embarrasser l’esprit, par les nouveautez difficiles dont elle est remplie ;et sur-tout elle serviroit à corrompre le stile.
Roederer ne fut pas plus tendre à l’endroit de Domergue. En somme, les attaques à l’endroit des « néologismes grammaticaux » constituent, dans l’histoire de la grammaire, une réalité permanente.
A la fin des années 60 et au début des années 70, Georges Galichet tournait en dérision la terminologie en usage en grammaire générative et transformationnelle, tandis que, plus près de nous, Marc Wilmet (1992) s’insurgeait contre ceux qui accusent les linguistes de « jargonner ».
En ce qui nous concerne, nous avons estimé dans cette thèse que la création terminologique est à la fois nécessaire et possible. Elle devrait conduire, comme nous l’avons postulé au § 3.2.2.1, à l’émergence d’une nomenclature explicative. D’ailleurs, des modèles de terminologie « parlante » existent :nous avons cité les travaux de Guillaume, Damourette et Pichon, Yvon, Wilmet.
Un métalangage grammatical explicatif devrait même, à notre avis, s’imposer et se généraliser pour les trois raisons suivantes :1° la terminologie joue le rôle « d’avant-science »; 2° contrairement aux autres sciences dont le vocabulaire technique renvoie à des objets, en grammaire, derrière les “mots” se profilent non pas des objets, mais des idées et d’autres “mots” dont l’ensemble constitue la science grammaticale. Autrement dit, le triptyque « terme (mot) –> concept –> référent » pourrait être réduit à une reformulation simplifiée où le concept se confondrait avec le référent; 3° contrairement à l’arbitraire consacré du signe linguistique, la création des expressions métalinguistiques est en général utilitaire et plus ou moins individuelle.
A la lumière de ce qui précède, toute nouvelle création d’expression métalinguistique devrait satisfaire à une condition :l’adéquation, même partielle, de la nouvelle dénomination avec le contenu morpho-sémantique qu’elle désigne. En effet, chaque terme en linguistique contiendrait de manière condensée tout un programme sémantique. Mais, le terme ainsi crée devrait aussi répondre à un besoin réel.
Par ailleurs, la principale piste à explorer dans l’entreprise de la rationalisation et de l’harmonisation de la terminologie grammaticale consisterait à homogénéiser les critères définitoires des classes grammaticales. Pour les modes verbaux, nous avons proposé d’associer judicieusement les critères sémantiques et morphologique. Le premier concerne l’actualité, le second la personne grammaticale.
Ces deux paramètres interviennent, d’après Moignet (1981 :57) et nous l’avons suivi dans son raisonnement, à part égale dans la faculté qu’a toute forme verbale de “signifier le “temps” en plus de sa signification propre”.
Grâce à l’exploitation de ces deux variables, nous avons, en nous inspirant largement de Gustave Guillaume et de Marc Wilmet, proposé à titre de simple hypothèse de travail, que les trois « chronothèses guillaumiennes » représentent effectivement, au niveau du discours grammatical, les trois modes verbaux auxquels elles correspondent: 1° le mode nominal (ou quasi nominal) = infinif + participe => mode virtualisatif impersonnel; 2° l’in fieri = subjonctif => mode virtualisatif personnel ;3° l’in esse = indicatif => mode actualisatif personnel.
La principale objection à cette proposition serait d’opposer au double principe de « virtualisation » et d’« actualisation », sur lequel repose notre argumentation, des emplois contraires à cette tripartition modale. Ne nous leurrons pas, c’est une difficulté réelle. La parade nous est fournie, fort heureusement, par Gérard Moignet (1959b :94-95) qui renvoie à l’enseignement de Gustave Guillaume:
Il [Guillaume] insiste dans son enseignement sur la prudence qui s’impose en linguistique de la parole :on y est toujours exposé à rencontrer un sens d’emploi de mot qui soit en contradiction avec la vue fondamentale que le mot apporte de lui-même.
Pour finir, nous avons suffisamment montré tout au long de notre dissertation que la nomenclature des formes verbales, comme d’ailleurs le reste de la grammaire, est dans ses grandes lignes constituée de l’héritage gréco-latin. A certaines époques, comme au XVIIe siècle, cet héritage est malheureusement « corrompu » :par ex. la suppression de toute trace référant à l’époque dans certaines étiquettes. C’est, malheureusement, encore le cas, aujourd’hui, dans la plupart des grammaires scolaires et dans les productions scientifiques des linguistes.
Il faudrait aussi mentionner, au passif des grammairiens du XVIIe siècle et certains de leurs successeurs du début du XVIIIe siècle, l’ignorance des formes verbales surcomposées, pourtant attestées au XVIe siècle.
Comme nous l’avons dit, la terminologie grammaticale est défaillante depuis l’antiquité gréco-romaine jusqu’à ce jour. Elle s’est formée, à travers les siècles, au gré des fantaisies personnelles greffées sur l’essentiel du génie grec et latin. A part quelques rares exceptions, les apports des grammairiens français n’ont amélioré ni les critères de description du verbe, ni la nomenclature des formes verbales.
Nous avons dans le corps de ce texte signalé les acquis de chaque époque retenue dans cette étude. Il serait donc superflu d’y revenir dans le détail. Nous allons cependant rappelé, au risque d’en faire une antienne, les quelques progrès réalisés dans l’étude du verbe entre le XVIIe siècle et le début du XXe siècle :
1° la distinction des temps simples et des temps composés selon la forme chez D’Aisy (1674, 1685), Régnier-Desmarais (1706), Buffier (1709), etc.
2° l’exclusion, déjà au XVIIIe siècle, de l’impératif de la liste des modes verbaux ;3° l’intégration, depuis ce même siècle, des formes en –rais dans le mode indicatif (p. ex. chez Buffier, 1709 ;Restaut, 1730 et Ayer, 1853) avant que le XIXe siècle ne revienne en force au mode conditionnel;
4° l’institution par Nicolas Beauzée (1767) du principe des « ordres relationnels » (époque de comparaison, terme de comparaison, repère, rapport d’existence, etc.) dans la description des temps du verbe ;5° l’exploitation de la série complète des formes simples vs formes composées (Buffier, 1709) ;
6° la tripartition des tiroirs en formes simples / composées / surcomposées chez Dangeau (cf. supra, § 6.3.1.2) :p. ex. prétérit simple je chante /prétérit composé j’ai chanté /prétérit surcomposé j’ai eu chanté, etc.
7° l’usage par Dangeau (1754), à la suite de Girard (1747), des quantifiants et caractérisants numéraux comme discriminants des formes verbales :p. ex. premier temps surcomposé que j’aie eu marché /second temps surcomposé que j’eusse eu marché / troisième temps surcomposé jaurois eu marché) ;
8° la mise sur pied des néologismes très producteurs :futur passé (Restaut, 1730 ;Lhomond, 1780 ;Girault-Duvivier, 1811), futur antérieur (De Wailly, 1754 ;Sicard, 1799 ;Noël et Chapsal, l823 ;Brachet et Dusouchet, 1888, 1889), futur du passé (Maquet et al. 1921), futur antérieur du passé (Clédat, 1896 ;Maquet et al. 1921).
De toutes ces innovations, la théorie des «ordres relationnels » est celle qui a eu le plus d’impact sur les linguistes du XXe siècle. Comme nous l’avons vu, Guillaume et Wilmet, pour ne prendre que ces deux exemples, s’en sont inspirés dans la mise sur pied de leurs théories respectives :celle de la « chronogénèse » et celle du « repère ».
Ces deux approches du système verbal ont conduit à une description intéressante des modes, des aspects et des tiroirs. C’est une véritable révolution. Un seul regret :la méfiance injustifiée des auteurs de manuels et livres de grammaire à l’égard de cet important renouveau terminologique.
Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature
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Hsueh, Chia-Hung. "Le bâtiment de la langue française selon Louis Meigret." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. https://theses.md.univ-paris-diderot.fr/HSUEH_Chia-Hung_1_complete_20191108.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis presents the contributions of L. Meigret (1550 - ca 1558) in the history of linguistic theories, both in terms of his general vision, as well as concerning his phonological, morphological and syntactical analyzes. It relies on the thematico-quantitative approach, in focusing on recurring themes under the pen of the grammarian, such as portrait (portraiture), bâtiment (building), superfluité (superfluity), usurpation, gouvernement (government), détermination, démonstration, résolution, and so on. Before two main parts, Chapter I examines the connotations of bâtiment, which reveal the influence of the perspective in painting during the grammatisation of French. In dealing with problème de lettres (problem of letters), the first part proposes to consider Meigret as a grammairien-typographe (grammarian-typographer), his alphabet as a linguistic engineering, and his quest for a phonographic writing as the culmination of a new grammatological paradigm at the Renaissance. Under the name of études de syntaxe (studies of syntax), the second part sets out to reveal its quality as a syntactician, in his dependent descriptions of language phenomena at all levels, in his pragma-semantic and pronominal researches, especially around the article, and in its innovations in metalinguistic tools, such as termes localisateurs (terms of locating) and la technique de résolution (the technique of resolution)
Ottmann, François. "La systématicité kantienne et le changement de la conception du langage autour de 1800." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H227.
Повний текст джерелаKant’s critical philosophy maintains an ambiguous relationship with language. Even though no proper theory of language seems to be found in the critical system, the transcendental method of the Critique has both highly and unexpectedly influenced the philosophical approach to language. Such a paradox can be accounted for by the following hypothesis: Kantian philosophy is the expression of a major language crisis occurring in Germany at the turn of the 18th century, in a paradigmatic but paradoxical way. It is necessary to put the critical system in this context to understand the far-reaching consequences of setting aside language as a philosophical issue. This will lead to analyse the positive effects of Kant’s attitude on new way to deal with language issues. Three steps will be taken in this purpose. The first one examines the meaning of Kant’s critical philosophy in the light of an epistemic crisis mainly embodied by the theoretical shift from “general grammar” to “comparative grammar” and the emergence of scientific linguistics. The second step sheds light on the place of critical philosophy within the framework of a broader language crisis, which will be studied in three fields: 1) Poetry, 2) “Metacritique”, 3) Philosophical language. Systematic reasons for the strong influence of critical philosophy on language will emerge from this double contextualisation. Indeed, understanding the Kantian system as a topical modelling of subjectivity enables to account for the new status of language – and more specifically, for the concept of natural languages – in the wake of transcendental philosophy
Toure, Moustapha. "Aspects linguistiques dans la pensée juridique d'Ibn al- Hâğib (571-646/1175-1248)." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030133.
Повний текст джерелаThe Arabic language is one of the main Tools to analyze oly legal elements. That’s why, the Muslim lawyers developed across their treatises about the legal methodology a part of linguistic that has nothing to envy to the classical Arabic grammar Works. The Ibn al- Hağib’s "Muhtasar" is one of the references in this field. This work aims to determine the Arabic language’s contribution in t e Koran and Sunna’s interpretation. On the other hand, it also holds to light up the analytic processes implemented by the usûl al-fiqh writers like Ibn al- Hâğib in scope to a global analysis of the speech
Janichon, Daniel. "Le nouveau cours de langue française de E. Rotgès, Belin 1896, un manuel au tournant du siècle : approche d'un genre du discours." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOL003.
Повний текст джерелаWe first define the actors of his utterance. Upstream, the addressers of the school programs of 1882 direct us towards an all-powerful enunciator. In the handbook itself, they are the literary authors quoted by E. Rotgès who bring to the discourse their guarantee of authority. Then, we examine the discourse formations existing in the handbook. The grammar lessons try to structure the world of their enunciate. The lectures, exploiting the ambigui͏̈ty of the personal deictics, try to involve the reader, imposing to him who to be, what to do and who to. . . Become. The vocabulary lessons impose a normative vision of the story and moral. Lastly, we find in the grammar lessons, and in the subjects of french composition, traces of a founder deixis identified : the catholic catechisms. Then, we establish the contextual, enunciatives, intertextual and hypertextual characteristics of a specific genre to this handbook, genre attested between 1871 and 1968
Bodin, Camille. "Servius, commentaire sur "l’Énéide" de Virgile (livre V) : introduction, traduction, annotation et commentaire." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCC018.
Повний текст джерелаMost certainly written at the end of the 4th century, at a time when traditional teaching from roman school persists and when paganism tries to keep its position facing Christianity, Servius’ Commentary on Virgil’s Aeneid, whose book V is the subject of this study, is a particularly significant work. It is intended to permit the listener (Servius’ students), then the reader, to better understand Virgil’s text and offers to modern specialists many vestiges of rituals, beliefs, practices and mythology’s stories that, without the richness of its body, certainly wouldn’t be known nowadays. The commentator sometimes suggests, throughout his remarks, the vision he has of the Virgil’s time as being his own time and he also gives some information about the Aeneid’s reception in the last Antiquity. The interest of the book is doubled because the text is mixed with elements from diverse origins; it turned the commentary into a second one, known as “Servius Danielis” text and present in some manuscripts. That is why we offer, after an introduction devoted to the main themes of the book, a complete translation of this double servian commentary at the Virgil Aeneid, book 5; this translation goes with many detailed commentaries needed due to the richness and the complexity of expert’s typical work which Antiquity called “grammarian”
Sartori, Manuel. "Le Šarḥ al-Kāfiyaẗ de Ibn al-Ḥāǧib : édition critique d’un manuscrit grammatical arabe du VII e/XIII e siècle". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3064.
Повний текст джерелаThis work, as a critical edition of an Arabic grammatical treatise from the seventh/thirteenth century, called al-Imlāʾ ʿalā al-Kāfiyaẗ(«The Scolia of the Precis») or Šarḥ al-Kāfiyaẗ(«The Commentary on the Precis»), presents the self-commentary (p. 1-601) made by Ibnn al-Ḥāğib (now IḤ, d. 646/1249) of its own grammatical epitome, al-Kāfiyaẗfī al-naḥw («The Precis of the Syntax»), itself being the Mufaṣṣal's summary of Zamaḫšaī's (d. 538/1144). This edition is based on four sources: three medieval manuscripts (Damascus ninth/fifteenth, Dublin tenth/fourteenth and London 717/1317) and an ancient printed edition (Istanbul, 1311/1894). A set of notes that are critical apparatus justify the choice of the editor. The text is also supplemented with a detailes table of contents/concepts, index (Qur'anic verses, poetic verses and quoted authors) and an bibliography. The edition is introduced by a French section that reminds the history of Western editing of Arabic grammatical texts in which this work takes place (Introductio, I, ii-viii) and presents the technical details of the edition in question (Int., II, ix-xvi). Then this work focuses on IḤ's life and presents his masters, followres and acquaintance to learn more about this medieval Arab grammarian and law specialist (Presentation, I, 28-28). Follows a presentation of the works of IḤ, both in grammar and law fields and, in detail, the basic texte (matn) of the self-commentary, al-Kāfiyaẗ(Pres., II, 29-40)
Tavares, Moreira Ana Karina. "Documentation et description grammaticale et lexicale du créole afro-portugais de l'île de Fogo (République du Cap-Vert, Afrique de l'Ouest)." Thesis, Paris, INALCO, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020INAL0028.
Повний текст джерелаThis thesis is the first book-length description of the Portuguese Creole spoken on the island of Fogo (Cape Verde, West-Africa), spoken by most of the 40,000 island’s inhabitants as well as by its diaspora. This work provides an insight on the linguistic structure of this variety, based on data collected during fieldwork occurred between 2016 and 2019. This study comprises with nine chapters, namely (1) introduction, (2) phonology, (3) syllabic structure, (4), stress, (5) nominal morphology, (6) verbal morphology, (7) syntax, (8) lexical peculiarities and (9) conclusion.This thesis brings new elements both to the synchronic and diachronic analysis of Cape Verdean Creole. At the same time, it contributes with comparative data for the reconstruction of the Upper Guinea Portuguese Creole (UGPC) language family. These data show in particular that Fogo Cape Verdean emerged quite early as a distinct variety among UGPCs and illustrate the main characteristics of this variety.This thesis also provides historical data on the discovery, settlement, trade connections, maritime interactions, social structure and sociolinguistics of the island of Fogo, and shows the role played by these elements in the development and shaping of Fogo’s unique linguistic makeup
Binaghi, Francesco. "La postérité andalouse du Ǧumal d'al-Zaǧǧāǧī." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3117/document.
Повний текст джерелаScholars in the Arabic Grammatical Tradition have mainly been focusing their attention on the formative stage of the Arabic grammatical theory (2nd-4th/8th-10th centuries). This dissertation aims at broadening the scope and is intended to contribute to our knowledge of this discipline at the post-classical period and in the western periphery of the Islamic world.The starting point of research is represented by a 4th/10th century grammarian of Persian origin who settled in Damascus: ʾAbū al-Qāsim al-Zaǧǧāǧī. Nowadays he is one of the best-known Arabic grammarians, but that was not the case in the beginning. Indeed his fame grew steadily thanks to one of his treatises, the Kitāb al-Ǧumal fī al-naḥw. The presentation of al-Zaǧǧāǧī and of his book sets the frame for the study, whose main focus is to trace the history of this text through time and space. This enquiry leads to al-Andalus: whereas the Ǧumal seemed to be abandoned in the Islamic East, it was adopted by Andalusian scholars as one the main texts for grammatical studies.The analysis of its chains of transmission and the presentation of all of its commentaries show not only that this treatise was the main grammatical text in this periphery of the Islamic world, but even that it came to be a sort of mirror of Andalusian history and identity.The journey of this book starts at the 4th/10th century and may be followed almost uninterruptedly until today: imported to al-Andalus from the Islamic East during the formative stage of Andalusian culture, it was then brought to Maghreb thanks to Andalusian emigration flows and was eventually edited in Algiers in 1927
Chalozin-Dovrat, Lin. "Les rapports entre le temps et l'espace dans les théories linguistiques." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040013.
Повний текст джерелаOver the past few decades, a considerable number of studies in linguistics and the cognitive sciences have put forward the claim that the expression of time in language relies on the cognition of space. This study aims to show that the scientific discourse on time–space relations in language and cognition is an epistemological object, shaped by its history and disciplinary motivations. Thus, the predominant research framework of time–space relations is the product of an intricate network of interests which do not necessarily facilitate the research of the scientific object. In the first part of the study we show that relations between time and space changed through the history of both language and the theory of language. In the second part, we explore the theoretical trend of the spatialization of time in the writings of key philosophers and grammarians of the Enlightenment, and in the oeuvre of the French linguist Gustave Guillaume (1883-1960). In the third part we examine the paradigm of spatial priority in cognitive linguistics from the 1970s until today. The conclusions of the study lead us to put forth some proposals for the future research of time, space and the time–space interface in language
Fatello, Fabienne. "Les emplois de "quando" dans différents genres textuels du latin préclassique au latin postclassique." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAL002.
Повний текст джерелаThis corpus-based study analyses the use of quando (quandoque, quandoquidem, quandocumque) in different textual genres from Early to Postclassical Latin. From the Bibliotheca Teubneriana Latina CD-ROM (BTL-4) we have listed the instances of quando in Plaute’s Comedies, Cicero’s Discourses, Lucretius’ De rerum natura, Livy’s History of Rome and Seneca’s Moral Essays. Quando can be used as an interrogative, indefinite and relative adverb or as a temporal or causal conjunction. But the classification of these different uses is not possible without a macro-syntactic approach that combines morpho-syntactic, semantic and enunciative points of view. First, the study of this multifunctional term raises the question of its integration in the sentence structure. Thus the functional interference of its use as a relative adverb and as a temporal conjunction shows that the frontiers between syntactical functions are malleable. Furthermore, the semantic ambiguity invites us to extend the analyses to the contextual inferences to distinguish for instance its temporal and causal use. Moreover we cannot analyse the use of quando without considering its illocutionary force: for instance the questions introduced by quando perform a great variety of speech acts which reveal certain characteristics of the literary genre. Finally, the methods of Functional Grammar are necessary to study the level quando affects in the sentence structure, as the causal subordinate clause provides information on the interpersonal level and can be considered as a disjunct satellite. In the light of these considerations, it is evident that an eclectic approach is necessary to study the use of quando: only different linguistic approaches, combining the morpho-syntactic, semantic and enunciative point of view in an empirical description of its occurrences, can define the value of the different uses of quando. Thus the significance of this study resides in the multifunctionality of quando which allows us to consider a large variety of linguistic and extra-linguistic problems occurring not only at multiple levels of the sentence structure, but extended even to the larger context of the speech interaction and intimately linked to the authors writing techniques and the speakers discursive intentions
Année, Magali. "La diction des chants parénétiques : de Kallinos à Tyrtée [édition, traduction, interprétation]." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040112.
Повний текст джерелаThe singularity and the most effective holoparenetic function of Tyrtaeus’ and Kallinos’ fragments, too long neglected by a philological tradition narrowly focussed on the homeric model, imposed themselves for a return to the text of these two wise-poets of the VIIth century B. C. and, to do this, required that we stick to the letter of the manuscripts without first take offense, and that we study for itself, in its depths language, the diction which was theirs and that for the first time, concomitantly with Archilochus, used the elegiac meter. Now, apart from their being dialectically and rhythmically more fluctuating than it looks, their organization inherently “stanzaic”, based on echoes which are more phonic than lexical, as well as the repeated use of the rhythmically marked form of the medio-passive participles in -me/noj/-(o/)menoj, are two features that underpin us to believe that it is a "sound " or more precisely "phonico-pragmatic" rhythm which was to be their driving force. For that reason and since it is more and more established that we must trust the linguistics of Plato’s Cratylus, I have been looking through it for a method that tackles such a state of language. The resulting hermeneutic and philological journey, through out a whole system of phonico-syllabic correspondences turning around the verbal stem of me/nw “to stand firm”, helps clear a path into the intra- and infra-linguistic dimension of Tyrtaeus’ and Kallinus’ parenetic diction in order to understand better the reasons and the nature of an efficiency that inherits obviously non-narrative traditions